EP3124863B1 - Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens - Google Patents

Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3124863B1
EP3124863B1 EP15767749.3A EP15767749A EP3124863B1 EP 3124863 B1 EP3124863 B1 EP 3124863B1 EP 15767749 A EP15767749 A EP 15767749A EP 3124863 B1 EP3124863 B1 EP 3124863B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target
treatment
furnace
supply
treatment target
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EP15767749.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3124863A1 (de
EP3124863A4 (de
Inventor
Fumiaki KAMBAYASHI
Youji YOSHIOKA
Fumiki HOSHO
Masaharu Okada
Kenichiro SHINOHARA
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/202—Rotary drum furnace rotating around substantially vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/114—Arrangement of sensing devices for combustion bed level

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surface melting furnace and a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • Surface melting furnaces include furnace chambers having slag ports and treatment-target supply mechanisms that supply treatment targets to the furnace chambers.
  • the surface melting furnaces are configured such that the treatment targets, which are supplied to the furnace chambers by the treatment-target supply mechanisms, melt from the surface and flow down to the slag ports.
  • the determination described above takes some time because delays of several hours exist between the supply quantities of the treatment targets measured before melting and the quantities of the slag measured after melting.
  • the situations are caused by delays of determinations of both short-supply states, in which the profiles of the molten surfaces of the treatment targets retreat from the slag ports to the treatment-target-supply-mechanism side, and oversupply states, in which the profiles of the molten surfaces of the treatment targets move on toward the slag ports to cause the treatment targets to be thickly accumulated.
  • melting furnaces having sufficient extra capacities have been currently designed and operated so that the treatment targets can be molten with the target throughput in the short-supply states rather than in the oversupply states in order to prevent the unmolten treatment targets from being discharged through the slag ports.
  • Patent document 1 discloses methods for controlling molten surfaces.
  • the methods include irradiating the molten surfaces of treatment targets with optical beams having emission wavelengths shorter than the short-wavelength ends of emission spectra in intensities equal to or higher than predetermined intensities in melting furnaces, detecting the positions with photodetectors capable of detecting beam spot positions of the optical beams on the molten surfaces, and determining whether the positions of the molten surfaces are appropriate on the basis of the detection results of the positions.
  • CA 2 865 581 A1 discloses a waste gasification and melting furnace provided with: a shaft section, which has a waste placement port and a furnace gas outlet at the upper end and an opening from which waste is discharged at the bottom end and which dries and pyrolytically decomposes the waste that has been filled therein; a melting furnace section, which is disposed so that the furnace core is offset from the shaft section and which has, at the upper end, an opening where the pyrolitically decomposed waste and a carbonaceous solid fuel are supplied and, at the bottom end of the blast furnace, a tuyere where oxygen-enriched air for combustion is blown in; and a communicating section that connects the opening at the bottom of the shaft section to the opening at the upper end of the melting furnace section.
  • the furnace has a configuration wherein the communicating section is provided with: a carbonization grate section disposed at a position that accepts the weight of the waste filled in the shaft section; a ventilation device that sends air for drying and pyrolytic decomposition from the carbonization grate section into the shaft section so as to account for 60% or more of the total amount of oxygen blown into the furnace; and a supply device that supplies pyrolytically decomposed waste on the carbonization grate section to the opening at the upper end of the melting furnace section.
  • CA 2 865 581 A1 solves the problem of providing a waste gasification and melting furnace that promotes the drying and pyrolytic decomposition of waste in the shaft section, making it possible to limit the conveyance of moisture and volatile components to the bottom of the blast furnace and to reduce the consumption of extra coke.
  • These methods for controlling molten surfaces are configured to reduce supply quantities per unit hour of the treatment targets to areas for melt treatment when the positions of the molten surfaces are determined to be ahead of the appropriate positions. In contrast, the methods are configured to increase the supply quantities per unit hour of the treatment targets to the areas for melt treatment when the positions are determined to have retreated.
  • Patent document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H11-325434
  • Patent document 1 have used highly expensive lasers having emission wavelengths in the ultraviolet range as light sources. For this reason, the light sources cannot be disposed in large numbers, and it has been difficult to estimate the profiles of the molten surfaces over large areas.
  • the present invention has an object to provide a surface melting furnace in which a profile of a molten surface can be estimated over a large area, and a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • a first characteristic configuration of a surface melting furnace is that a surface melting furnace includes a furnace chamber, a treatment-target supply mechanism, and a plurality of sensors.
  • the furnace chamber has a slag port.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to supply a treatment target to the furnace chamber.
  • the sensors are configured to perform measurement at different measurement locations for estimation of a profile of the molten surface of the treatment target.
  • the treatment target supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to melt from the surface and flow down to the slag port.
  • the configuration above enables the profile of the molten surface to be appropriately estimated on the basis of information obtained by performing measurement at the different measurement locations with the sensors. Thus, whether the molten surface is in an appropriate state can be determined appropriately.
  • a second characteristic configuration of the same is that one of the sensors may include a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of a supplied portion of the treatment target, the supplied portion just having been supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above.
  • a third characteristic configuration of the same is that the sensors may be disposed in different positions along a path from a supplied portion of the treatment target, the supplied portion just having been supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism, to the slag port, in addition to the first or the second characteristic configuration described above.
  • measurement is performed on a plurality of positions on the molten surface measured along the path from the supplied portion to the slag port.
  • the profile of the molten surface from the supplied portion to the slag port can be estimated on the basis of this measurement information, and whether the molten surface is moving on or retreating can be appropriately recognized.
  • a fourth characteristic configuration of the same is that one of the sensors may include a non-contact sensor configured to detect a surface height of the treatment target, in addition to any one of the first to the third characteristic configurations described above.
  • the non-contact sensor detects the surface height of the treatment target from above the treatment target, and thus at least one point on the molten surface can be directly measured.
  • a fifth characteristic configuration of the same is that the surface melting furnace may further include a treatment-target supply controller, in addition to any one of the first to the fourth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the treatment-target supply controller may be configured to estimate the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target on the basis of output of the sensors.
  • the treatment-target supply controller may also be configured to control at least a supply quantity of the treatment target to be supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism on the basis of the profile estimated.
  • the treatment-target supply controller estimates the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target and determines whether the molten surface is in the retreat phase or in the moving-on phase. If the molten surface is determined to be in the retreat phase, the supply quantity of the treatment target is adjusted to increase toward a target supply quantity that has been determined so that an appropriate profile of the molten surface will be achieved. If the molten surface is determined to be in the moving-on phase, the supply quantity of the treatment target is adjusted to decrease toward a target supply quantity that has been determined so that an appropriate profile of the molten surface will be achieved.
  • the surface melting furnace may further include a treatment-target supply controller, in addition to any one of the first to the fourth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the treatment-target supply controller may be configured to estimate the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target on the basis of output of the sensors.
  • the treatment-target supply controller may also be configured to control at least a supply quantity of the treatment target to be supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism to adjust the supply quantity to a target supply quantity on the basis of a result of the estimating.
  • the treatment-target supply controller may also be configured to correct the target supply quantity to adjust a cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period to a target cumulative supply quantity.
  • the fifth characteristic configuration described above adjusts the supply quantity of the treatment target so that an appropriate profile of the molten surface will be achieved, but cannot guarantee that the result of the adjustment achieves the target throughput of the surface melting furnace.
  • the treatment-target supply controller of the sixth characteristic configuration corrects the target supply quantity to adjust the cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period to the target cumulative supply quantity, the target throughput of the surface melting furnace can be achieved.
  • a seventh characteristic configuration of the same is that an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder may be disposed concentrically, in addition to any one of the first to the sixth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the inner cylinder may be integrally formed around a furnace ceiling.
  • the outer cylinder may be integrally formed around a furnace bottom of the furnace chamber.
  • the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder may constitute a treatment-target container.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism may be configured to supply the treatment target to the furnace chamber by relative rotation of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
  • the treatment target is annularly supplied to the furnace chamber by relative rotation of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. If a plurality of sensors that perform measurement at different measurement locations for estimation of the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target are disposed on this surface melting furnace, at least one sensor can give a plurality of pieces of measurement data along the circumferential direction while the melting furnace makes one revolution.
  • the three-dimensional profile of the molten surface can be estimated from the pieces of measurement data, and the profile of the molten surface can be estimated more accurately.
  • a characteristic configuration of a method for operating a surface melting furnace includes estimating a profile of a molten surface of a treatment target on the basis of output of a plurality of sensors on the surface melting furnace.
  • the surface melting furnace includes a furnace chamber and a treatment-target supply mechanism.
  • the furnace chamber has a slag port.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to supply the treatment target to the furnace chamber.
  • the treatment target supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to melt from the surface and flow down to the slag port.
  • At least a supply quantity of the treatment target to be supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism is controlled to adjust the supply quantity to a target supply quantity on the basis of a result of the estimating.
  • the target supply quantity is corrected to adjust a cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period to a target cumulative supply quantity.
  • the target supply quantity is corrected to adjust the cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period to the target cumulative supply quantity, the profile of the molten surface is adjusted appropriately, and the target throughput of the surface melting furnace can be achieved.
  • the present invention has enabled provision of a surface melting furnace in which a profile of a molten surface can be estimated over a large area, and provision of a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rotary surface melting furnace 1 that is an embodiment of the surface melting furnace.
  • the surface melting furnace 1 is a furnace for melt-treating waste such as incineration ash and sewage sludge.
  • the surface melting furnace 1 includes a furnace chamber 4, a treatment-target container 7 around the furnace chamber 4, a treatment-target supply mechanism 8 that supplies the treatment target from the treatment-target container 7 to the furnace chamber 4, and other components.
  • the furnace chamber 4 has a slag port 3a on its furnace bottom 3.
  • An inner cylinder 5 integrally formed with the furnace ceiling 2 around the furnace ceiling 2 and an outer cylinder 6 integrally formed with the furnace bottom 3 around the furnace bottom 3 are disposed concentrically.
  • the gap between the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 is configured to constitute the treatment-target container 7.
  • the lower part of the outer cylinder 6 has a portion for coupling a drive mechanism 13.
  • the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 are configured to rotate relative to each other due to rotation of the outer cylinder 6 caused by the drive mechanism 13.
  • a plurality of cutout blades 8, which are components of the treatment-target supply mechanism, are disposed on the lower part of the inner cylinder 5 along the circumferential direction.
  • the cutout blades 8 are constituted of plate-like sloping blades that guide the treatment target, which is moving in the tangential direction on the lower part of the inner cylinder 5 due to the rotation of the outer cylinder 6, to the furnace chamber 4.
  • the cutout blades 8 due to the relative rotation of the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 annularly supplies the treatment target contained in the treatment-target container 7 to the furnace chamber 4, and the treatment target forms a bowl shape in the furnace chamber.
  • a water-sealing mechanism 14 water-seals a boundary between the outer cylinder 6 and an edge of a cover 5a extending from the upper part of the inner cylinder 5 toward the outer cylinder 6.
  • a hopper 15 provided with a double damper mechanism 15a is disposed above the cover 5a.
  • a screw conveyor mechanism 16 puts the treatment target into the treatment-target container 7.
  • the furnace ceiling 2, the furnace bottom 3, the inner cylinder 5, and the outer cylinder 6 are constituted of refractory walls in which refractory bricks or other materials are stacked.
  • a water-cooling jacket is disposed to cover the refractory walls of the furnace ceiling 2 and a portion adjacent to the slag port of the furnace bottom 3.
  • a water tank that catches molten slag produced by melting the treatment target is disposed below the slag port 3a.
  • a flue is formed to laterally extend immediately below the slag port 3a.
  • Exhaust-gas treatment equipment such as a secondary combustion device, a waste-heat boiler, an air preheater, a cooling tower, a bag filter, a scrubber, and a white-smoke preventing device are disposed along the flue. Purified exhaust gas is emitted from a chimney.
  • the treatment targets to be melt-treated include incineration residues and incineration fly ash from waste incinerators as well as animal and plant residues such as sewage sludge, livestock excreta, and food waste and combustible waste such as pulverized municipal solid waste.
  • the combustion burners 10 When starting up the rotary surface melting furnace 1, the combustion burners 10 are ignited to preheat the furnace chamber 4 to a temperature equal to or higher than 1,000°C. After that, the outer cylinder 6 is rotated via the drive mechanism 13, and melting of the treatment target is started. The combustion burners 10 are then allowed to continue to combust, and the temperatures of the furnace chamber and the molten surface reach about 1,300°C. When the treatment target is combustible waste, the combustion burners 10 are stopped. The treatment target is then allowed to spontaneously combust, and the melting is continued with the temperature of the furnace chamber being 1,300°C.
  • the treatment target put into the furnace chamber 4 by the cutout blades 8 melts at about 1,300°C and flows to the slag port 3a.
  • Combustion gas is induced toward the chimney by an induced draft fan on the downstream side of the flue, cooled and purified in the exhaust-gas treatment equipment described above, and emitted from the chimney.
  • Combustion air to be supplied from the air supply mechanisms 11 into the furnace is preheated to about 200°C by warm water of the boiler and the air preheater using the exhaust gas.
  • Fig. 1 shows a state in which the profile of the molten surface is being appropriately melt-treated.
  • Fig. 2 shows a state in which the profile of the molten surface has retreated.
  • Fig. 3 shows a state in which the profile of the molten surface has moved on.
  • the hatched areas represent the molten surface.
  • the retreat of the profile of the molten surface from the slag port 3a accelerates consumption of the refractory material on the furnace bottom 3 and the like, and the life of the refractory material in the furnace is shortened.
  • the moving on of the profile of the molten surface toward the slag port 3a causes a disadvantageous situation in which an unmolten treatment target rolls down a steep slope formed by thick accumulation toward the slag port 3a, and is discharged through the slag port.
  • the rotary surface melting furnace 1 includes a plurality of sensors Ts and Hs that perform measurement at different measurement locations for estimation of the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target.
  • the profile of the molten surface is estimated on the basis of information obtained by performing measurement at the different measurement locations with the sensors Ts and Hs.
  • a treatment-target supply controller 40 is included that determines appropriately whether the molten surface is in an appropriate state on the basis of this profile and adjusts the input of the treatment target into the furnace.
  • the sensors may be the same kind of sensors but are preferably a combination of different kinds of sensors.
  • the "same kind of sensors" means sensors based on the same detection principle.
  • One of the sensors is constituted of a non-contact sensor Hs configured to detect a surface height of the treatment target through the furnace ceiling 2 covering the furnace chamber 4.
  • the non-contact sensor Hs faces the treatment target through the furnace ceiling 2 and detects the height h of the molten surface, and thus at least one point on the molten surface can be directly measured.
  • the "height h of the molten surface” means the height from the furnace bottom 3 to the surface of the treatment target.
  • a sensor preferably used as the non-contact sensor Hs is an electromagnetic-wave sensor that emits microwaves from a trumpet-shaped antenna toward the treatment target and measures the height h of the molten surface on the basis of the reflection time.
  • a photodetector that emits laser light toward the treatment target and measures the height h of the molten surface on the basis of the reflection time can be used as the non-contact sensor Hs.
  • the measurement can be performed also with wavelengths in the infrared range because infrared light from the treatment target can be removed with a filter if at least light for measurement has been modulated.
  • the treatment target is combustible waste
  • the temperature in the furnace facilitates thermal decomposition of the treatment target, and changes in the volume of the treatment target become remarkable. Changing states of the treatment target are thus monitored easily.
  • a profile with an angle ⁇ of elevation connecting the edge of the slag port 3a with the lower end of the inner cylinder 5 is preliminarily assumed to be a standard molten-surface profile, for example.
  • the profile is determined to be appropriate if the height h of the molten surface is a height h2 of the molten surface corresponding to the standard molten-surface profile, determined to be in the retreat phase if the height is h1 lower than the height h2, and determined to be in the moving-on phase if the height is h3 higher than the height h2.
  • the degree of the moving-on or the retreat phase is recognized on the basis of the magnitude of the difference value between the height h of the molten surface at that time and the height h2 of the molten surface corresponding to the standard molten-surface profile.
  • One of the sensors is constituted of a temperature sensor Ts configured to detect the temperature of a supplied portion of the treatment target, the supplied portion just having been supplied to the furnace chamber 4 by the cutout blades 8.
  • a temperature sensor Ts configured to detect the temperature of a supplied portion of the treatment target, the supplied portion just having been supplied to the furnace chamber 4 by the cutout blades 8.
  • retreat of the molten surface of the treatment target causes the supplied portion to be easily affected by the furnace-chamber temperature, and the temperature of the supplied portion increases.
  • moving on of the molten surface of the treatment target causes the supplied portion to be less likely to be affected by the furnace-chamber temperature, and the temperature of the supplied portion decreases. Accordingly, although it is difficult to detect the moving-on phase of the molten surface of the treatment target, the retreat phase can be accurately detected on the basis of increase in temperature detected by the temperature sensor Ts.
  • a sheathed thermocouple is disposed on the treatment-target container 7 side of the lower edge of the inner cylinder 5.
  • whether the molten surface has transitioned to the retreat phase or is in the moving-on phase can be determined on the basis of temperature information of the supplied portion measured by the temperature sensor Ts.
  • This information is therefore valuable measurement information for estimation of the profile of the molten surface.
  • the information also serves as an indicator related to damage of the refractory material in a portion adjacent to the supplied portion and is valuable measurement information.
  • the non-contact sensor Hs is disposed on one location on the peripheral edge of the furnace ceiling 2 that has a circular shape in the plan view, and the temperature sensors Ts are disposed on eight locations regularly in the circumferential direction.
  • the non-contact sensor Hs measures the height h of the molten surface at the same location each time the outer cylinder 6 makes one revolution. For example, if the outer cylinder 6 and the furnace bottom 3 make one revolution per one hour, each height h of the molten surface can be recognized on a one-hour cycle.
  • the profile of the molten surface can be estimated on the basis of the height h of the molten surface and the temperature detected by the temperature sensors Ts.
  • the temperature sensors Ts are disposed on eight locations in Fig. 4 , but at least one temperature sensor Ts disposed on one location enables the profile to be estimated. In other words, the profile can be estimated even if any of the temperature sensors Ts on eight locations break down, although the accuracy decreases. It is most preferable for estimation of the profile that the non-contact sensor Hs and one of the temperature sensors Ts be aligned in the radial direction from the supplied portion to the slag port.
  • the treatment-target supply controller 40 estimates the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target on the basis of output of the sensors Hs and Ts. At least a supply quantity of the treatment target to be supplied to the furnace chamber by the cutout blades 8 is controlled to adjust the supply quantity to a target supply quantity on the basis of a result of the estimating.
  • the supply quantity of the treatment target is adjusted to increase toward the target supply quantity that has been determined so that an appropriate profile of the molten surface will be achieved. If the molten surface is determined to be in the moving-on phase, the supply quantity of the treatment target is adjusted to decrease toward a target supply quantity that has been determined so that an appropriate profile of the molten surface will be achieved.
  • Fig. 6 shows table information used for controlling the rotational speed of the outer cylinder 6 on the basis of the output of the sensors Hs and Ts to adjust the supply quantity of the treatment target into the furnace.
  • the treatment-target supply controller 40 controls the drive mechanism 13 on the basis of the table data and the output of the sensors Hs and Ts.
  • the profile of the molten surface is determined to be in the moving-on phase, and the supply quantity of the treatment target is reduced. If the molten surface level is lowered and the temperature of the lower part of the inner cylinder 5 increases, the profile of the molten surface is determined to be in the retreat phase, and the supply quantity of the treatment target is increased.
  • the target supply quantity at this time is preliminarily set as a standard supply quantity for each area of the table data.
  • the standard supply quantity set for the table data is preferably configured to be consecutively modified on the basis of data obtained in the moving-on or the retreat phase of the molten surface during operation.
  • the treatment-target supply controller 40 is configured to correct the target supply quantity to adjust the cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period to the target cumulative supply quantity. For example, the target supply quantity is corrected to increase if the actual throughput is lower than the target throughput of the treatment target, and the target supply quantity is corrected to decrease if the actual throughput is higher than the target throughput of the treatment target, on the basis of measurement information of the supply quantity of the treatment target obtained while the profile of the molten surface is maintained in an appropriate state by the control described above.
  • the throughput can be increased by increasing the thermal dose from the combustion burners 10 or by increasing the combustion air. If the actual throughput is higher than the target throughput of the treatment target, the throughput can be decreased by decreasing the thermal dose from the combustion burners 10 or by decreasing the combustion air.
  • the profile of the molten surface can be estimated on the basis of information obtained by performing measurement at the different measurement locations with the sensors Hs and Ts. With this profile of the molten surface, whether the molten surface is in an appropriate state can be determined appropriately.
  • the method for operating the surface melting furnace estimates the profile of the molten surface of the treatment target on the basis of the output of the sensors Hs and Ts disposed on the surface melting furnace 1. At least the supply quantity of the treatment target to be supplied to the furnace chamber 4 by the treatment-target supply mechanism 8 is controlled to modify the profile and adjust the supply quantity to the target supply quantity on the basis of the profile estimated.
  • the target supply quantity is configured to be corrected so that the cumulative supply quantity of the treatment target in a predetermined time period will achieve the target cumulative supply quantity, in other words, the throughput in the predetermined time period will achieve the target.
  • the non-contact sensor Hs is preferably constituted of a plurality of sensors and disposed in different positions along a path from the supplied portion of the treatment target, the supplied portion just having been supplied to the furnace chamber 4 by the treatment-target supply mechanism 8, to the slag port 3a.
  • Direct measurement is performed on a plurality of positions on the molten surface along the path from the supplied portion to the slag port 3a. The profile of the molten surface from the supplied portion to the slag port can be thus accurately estimated, and whether the molten surface is moving on or retreating can be appropriately recognized.
  • Fig. 8 shows another embodiment in which the non-contact sensors Hs are disposed in different positions along the circumferential direction of the furnace ceiling 2 so that the positions of the non-contact sensors Hs will be different from each other in the radial direction.
  • Such a configuration enables how largely the height of the molten surface measured on the outer side in the radial direction at a point in time changes toward the slag port 3a afterward to be recognized during one revolution of the molten surface.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of temperature sensors Ts are disposed.
  • a first temperature sensor Tsa is disposed on the treatment-target container 7 side of the lower part of the inner cylinder 5, and a second temperature sensor Tsb is disposed on the furnace chamber 4 side.
  • a dead zone of the first temperature sensor Tsa when the profile of the molten surface has transitioned to the moving-on side can be compensated.
  • a plurality of pairs are disposed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction as in Fig. 4 .
  • the state of the molten surface may be configured to be recognized by measuring the temperature distribution in an area from the slag port 3a along the radial direction with a third temperature sensor Tsc and a fourth temperature sensor Tsd disposed in the refractory material constituting the furnace bottom 3.
  • a plurality of temperature sensors may be disposed in the radial direction, and a plurality of pairs may be disposed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the combination of the temperature sensors and the non-contact sensor is a combination of different kinds of sensors.
  • the sensors are less likely to break down at the same time even under the same conditions.
  • the combination is better in that a minimal profile can be estimated because at least one kind of the sensors functions appropriately.
  • Fig. 10 shows still another aspect of the non-contact sensor Hs.
  • Light for measurement emitted from a light source L is used for rotational scanning by a first mirror M1 and is configured to be reflected toward the molten surface by a plurality of second reflecting mirrors M2 disposed on the peripheral edge of the furnace ceiling.
  • Disposing a light receiving element that detects reflected light in the light source L enables the distance between the light source and the molten surface to be measured.
  • the distance to the furnace bottom 3 has been preliminarily measured, and the height of the molten surface can be calculated from the difference between the distances.
  • the configuration described above enables the heights of the molten surface in a plurality of positions to be measured with the single light source L and the light receiving element.
  • configuring a third reflecting mirror M3 on a different distance in the radial direction to be removable from the optical path enables the heights of the molten surface on a plurality of points in different areas along the radial direction to be measured.
  • Fig. 10 shows the configuration applied to a photodetector, but such a configuration can be applied to a distance sensor using microwaves.
  • a configuration may be made such that a plurality of waveguides that transmit the electromagnetic waves are radially disposed from around a center point, a metal reflector corresponding to the first mirror is rotated at the center point to transmit the electromagnetic waves within each of the waveguides, and the molten surface is irradiated with electromagnetic waves by metal reflectors corresponding to the second mirrors.
  • the configuration may be made such that coaxial cables are coupled to a plurality of trumpet-shaped antennas instead of the waveguides, and a path made by each of the coaxial cables is selected by a switch.
  • the configuration in which the treatment-target supply mechanism includes the cutout blades 8 has been described.
  • the treatment target can be supplied by rotation of the outer cylinder 6 without the cutout blades 8.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism can be constituted of the outer cylinder 6, the drive mechanism 13 that rotates the outer cylinder 6, and other components.
  • the surface melting furnace is the rotary surface melting furnace 1
  • the surface melting furnace according to the present invention is, however, not limited to the rotary surface melting furnace 1 and can be applied to other types of surface melting furnaces, needless to say.
  • the present invention can be applied to a surface melting furnace 1 having the slag port 3a at the center of the furnace bottom 3 and including a plurality of push-in mechanisms 30 for inputting the treatment target disposed around the furnace bottom 3, as shown in Fig. 11A .
  • This surface melting furnace is a type of surface melting furnace in which both the outer cylinder 6 constituted integrally with the furnace bottom 3 and the inner cylinder 5 constituted integrally with the furnace ceiling 2 are secured, and the push-in mechanisms 30 supply the treatment target into the furnace.
  • the present invention can be applied to a surface melting furnace 1 having the slag port 3a at the edge of the furnace bottom 3 and including a plurality of push-in mechanisms 30 for inputting the treatment target disposed on the opposite side.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism is the push-in mechanisms 30.
  • the present invention is only required to be a surface melting furnace including a plurality of sensors that perform measurement at different measurement locations for estimation of the profile of the molten surface of a treatment target.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1), umfassend:
    eine Ofenkammer (4), die eine Ascheöffnung (3a) hat;
    einen Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8), der dazu konfiguriert ist, der Ofenkammer (4) ein Behandlungstarget bereitzustellen; und
    eine Mehrzahl von Sensoren, die dazu konfiguriert sind, Messungen zur Abschätzung eines Profils einer geschmolzenen Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets an verschiedenen Messpositionen durchzuführen,
    wobei die Mehrzahl der Sensoren einen Temperatursensor (Ts) beinhaltet, der dazu konfiguriert ist, zu bestimmen, ob die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets in einer Rückzugsphase ist, wo sich die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets von der Ascheöffnung (3a) zu dem Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) zurückzieht, oder in einer Fortbewegungsphase, wo sich die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets von dem Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) fortbewegt, auf der Grundlage von einer Temperatur einer oberen Schicht des Behandlungstargets in einem bereitgestellten Bereich, wo das Behandlungstarget in der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt wird, und einen nicht kontaktierenden Sensor (Hs), der dazu konfiguriert ist, eine Höhe von einem Ofenboden (3) zu der Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets zu detektieren; und
    wobei das Behandlungstarget, das der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt wird und in dem Ofenboden (3) in solch einer Weise angesammelt wird, dass die Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets nach unten zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) geneigt ist, dazu konfiguriert ist, von einer Oberfläche der oberen Schicht zu schmelzen und herunter zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) zu fließen.
  2. Oberflächenschmelzofen nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Oberflächenschmelzofen weiterhin eine Behandlungstargetbereitstellungssteuerung umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist:
    mindestens eine Bereitstellungsmenge des Behandlungstargets zu steuern, das der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt werden soll, basierend auf einem Profil der geschmolzenen Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets, das auf der Grundlage der Ausgabe des Temperatursensors (Ts) und des nicht kontaktierenden Sensors (Hs) abgeschätzt wird.
  3. Oberflächenschmelzofen nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Oberflächenschmelzofen weiterhin eine Behandlungstargetbereitstellungssteuerung umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert ist:
    mindestens eine Bereitstellungsmenge des Behandlungstargets zu steuern, das der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt werden soll, um die Bereitstellungsmenge zu einer Targetbereitstellungsmenge anzupassen basierend auf einem Profil der geschmolzenen Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets, das auf der Grundlage der Ausgabe des Temperatursensors (Ts) und des nicht kontaktierenden Sensors (Hs) abgeschätzt wird; und,
    die Targetbereitstellungsmenge zu korrigieren, um eine kumulative Bereitstellungsmenge des Behandlungstargets in einem vorher bestimmten Zeitraum zu einer kumulativen Targetbereitstellungsmenge anzupassen.
  4. Oberflächenschmelzofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    wobei ein innerer Zylinder (5), der integral um eine Ofendecke (2) geformt ist, und ein äußerer Zylinder (6), der integral um den Ofenboden (3) der Ofenkammer (4) geformt ist, konzentrisch angeordnet sind,
    wobei eine Lücke zwischen dem inneren Zylinder (5) und dem äußeren Zylinder (6) einen Behandlungstargetbehälter (7) bildet, und
    wobei der Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) dazu konfiguriert ist, das Behandlungstarget der Ofenkammer (4) durch eine relative Rotation des inneren Zylinders (5) und des äußeren Zylinders (6) bereitzustellen, und
    wobei der Temperatursensor (Ts) an der Seite des Behandlungstargetbehälters (7) der unteren Kante des inneren Zylinders (5) vorgesehen ist.
  5. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Oberflächenschmelzofens (1), wobei der Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) umfasst:
    eine Ofenkammer (4), die eine Ascheöffnung (3a) hat; und
    einen Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8), der dazu konfiguriert ist, der Ofenkammer (4) ein Behandlungstarget bereitzustellen,
    wobei das Behandlungstarget, das der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetgebereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt wird und in einem Ofenboden (3) in einer Art angesammelt wird, dass eine Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets nach unten zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) geneigt ist, derart konfiguriert ist, dass es von einer Oberfläche der oberen Schicht schmilzt und herunter zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) fließt,
    wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Abschätzen eines Profils einer geschmolzenen Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets basierend auf der Ausgabe eines Temperatursensors (Ts), der dazu konfiguriert ist, zu bestimmen, ob die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets in einer Rückzugsphase ist, wo sich die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets von der Ascheöffnung (3a) zu dem Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) zurückzieht oder in einer Fortbewegungsphase, wo sich die geschmolzene Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets von dem Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) zu der Ascheöffnung (3a) fortbewegt, auf der Grundlage einer Temperatur einer oberen Schicht des Behandlungstargets in einem bereitgestellten Bereich, wo das Behandlungstarget in der Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt wird, und eines nicht kontaktierenden Sensors (Hs), der dazu konfiguriert ist, eine Höhe von dem Ofenboden (3) zu der Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets zu detektieren;
    Steuern mindestens einer Bereitstellungsmenge des Behandlungstargets, das der Ofenkammer durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bereitgestellt werden soll, um die Bereitstellungsmenge zu einer Targetbereitstellungsmenge anzupassen, basierend auf dem Resultat der Abschätzung; und
    Korrigieren der Targetbereitstellungsmenge, um eine kumulative Bereitstellungsmenge des Behandlungstargets in einem vorbestimmten Zeitraum zu einer kumulativen Bereitstellungsmenge anzupassen.
EP15767749.3A 2014-03-26 2015-03-25 Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens Active EP3124863B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2014064555A JP6305803B2 (ja) 2014-03-26 2014-03-26 表面溶融炉及び表面溶融炉の運転方法
PCT/JP2015/059218 WO2015147091A1 (ja) 2014-03-26 2015-03-25 表面溶融炉及び表面溶融炉の運転方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2601501B2 (ja) * 1988-03-14 1997-04-16 株式会社クボタ 廃棄物溶融炉
JPH03263510A (ja) * 1990-03-13 1991-11-25 Kubota Corp 表面溶融炉のスラグ処理装置
JPH11237019A (ja) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-31 Kubota Corp 廃棄物溶融炉
JP3739247B2 (ja) * 2000-03-22 2006-01-25 株式会社クボタ 廃棄物溶融処理炉及び溶融表面状態検出方法
JP5120823B1 (ja) * 2012-02-28 2013-01-16 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物ガス化溶融炉

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JP6305803B2 (ja) 2018-04-04
EP3124863A4 (de) 2017-11-01

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