EP3124864B1 - Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens - Google Patents

Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3124864B1
EP3124864B1 EP15770414.9A EP15770414A EP3124864B1 EP 3124864 B1 EP3124864 B1 EP 3124864B1 EP 15770414 A EP15770414 A EP 15770414A EP 3124864 B1 EP3124864 B1 EP 3124864B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
treatment
furnace
target
supply mechanism
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EP15770414.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3124864A4 (de
EP3124864A1 (de
Inventor
Fumiaki KAMBAYASHI
Youji YOSHIOKA
Fumiki HOSHO
Masaharu Okada
Kenichiro SHINOHARA
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08—Liquid slag removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/26—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surface melting furnace that melt-treats a treatment target containing phosphorus and a combustible material and to a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • Surface melting furnaces are configured to include furnace chambers including combustion burners and air supply mechanisms on the approximately centers of furnace ceilings and having slag ports on furnace bottoms, and treatment-target supply mechanisms that supply treatment targets from treatment-target containers disposed around the furnace chambers to the furnace chambers.
  • Patent document 1 is intended to provide surface melting furnaces that can improve melt-treatment speeds of self-combusting dry-distillation residues containing uncombusted carbon.
  • Patent document 1 proposes surface melting furnaces in which annular supply paths are formed between inner cylinders and outer cylinders to let treatment targets fall under their own weights in a filled state, the lower ends of the annular supply paths are configured to communicate with combustion chambers, and air-supply mechanisms for supplying combustion air to annular accumulated portions of the dry-distillation residues facing the combustion chambers are included.
  • the dry-distillation residues can be efficiently combustion-melt-treated by supplying combustion air to the dry-distillation residues heated by the combustion burners.
  • JP 2000 337616 A which discloses the preamble of claim 1, discloses a processing object supply section for supplying processing objects to a main chamber provided with a water supply system for supplying moisture to the processing objects to let combustible wastes hold the moisture in advance so as to induce water-gas shift reaction in the main chamber between carbon in the combustible wastes and the moisture held therein.
  • Combustible gas generated by the water-gas reaction is burnt on the surface of the processing objects and in the neighborhood thereof.
  • JP 2000 337616 A solves a problem to accelerate combustion of combustible wastes and miniaturize a melting furnace in melting method and furnace for supplying wastes including combustible ones to the melting furnace as processing objects, introducing the same into a main chamber for melting treatment, and heating the same in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere therein until they are melt at the surface F thereof and formed into melt slag.
  • Patent document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H10-122523
  • Patent document 1 The surface melting furnaces disclosed in Patent document 1 have been configured to use the combustion burners as main heat sources for melting combustible waste and to efficiently combust and melt the dry-distillation residues by supplying combustion air to the dry-distillation residues heated by the combustion burners.
  • the volatilized phosphorus has flown through flues together with the exhaust gas, has been cooled and condensed through processes of treatment in exhaust-gas treatment equipment, and has deposited as phosphoric acid dust, resulting in blocking of exhaust-gas flow paths of boilers, air preheaters, and other components.
  • the present invention has an object to provide a surface melting furnace that can suppress the volatilization of phosphorus and improve melt treatment efficiency even when a treatment target containing phosphorus and a combustible material is melt-treated, and a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • the object of the invention is solved by a surface melting furnace according to claim 1.
  • the burner and the air supplied from the air supply mechanism heat the treatment target in the furnace, and the surface melts and falls through the slag port.
  • the combustible material in the treatment target supplied to the furnace chamber is thermally decomposed by the temperature in the furnace chamber and generates combustible gas.
  • the combustible gas combusts while flowing up.
  • the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism toward the surface of the treatment target causes a fixed carbon content remaining on a portion adjacent to the surface of the treatment target due to the thermal decomposition of the combustible material to combust.
  • the remainder of oxygen suppresses reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides and thus suppresses the volatilization of phosphorus. Accordingly, the air is efficiently supplied to the combustible gas and the fixed carbon content, and the melt-treatment efficiency is significantly increased.
  • the furnace can be configured to be smaller to obtain the same throughput, and the melting throughput increases when the same size of furnaces are used.
  • a second characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 2 in the same document, that the edge portion air-supply mechanism is configured to supply the air to the surface of a thermal-decomposition area, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above.
  • the thermal-decomposition area may be located on the upstream side beyond a melting area in which the surface of the treatment target melts in the furnace chamber.
  • the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism is supplied to the surface of the thermal-decomposition area on the upstream side beyond the melting area, the volatilization of phosphorus contained in the treatment target is effectively suppressed.
  • a third characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 3 in the same document, that the edge portion air-supply mechanism is configured to supply the air to cause the oxygen concentration on the surface of the thermal-decomposition area to be equal to or higher than 1 vol%, in addition to the second characteristic configuration described above.
  • the air is supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism so that the oxygen concentration on the surface of the thermal-decomposition area will be equal to or higher than 1 vol%, reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides are effectively suppressed, and the volatilization of phosphorus is suppressed.
  • a fourth characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 4 in the same document, that the edge portion air-supply mechanism includes a uniformizing mechanism configured to uniformly supply the air to the surface of the treatment target, in addition to any one of the first to the third characteristic configurations described above.
  • a fifth characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 5 in the same document, that the uniformizing mechanism includes a swirler disposed on the edge portion air-supply mechanism, in addition to the fourth characteristic configuration described above.
  • the swirler supplies the air in a diffusing manner, the air can be evenly supplied to the surface of the treatment target without configuring the installation intervals of air supply nozzles, for example, that constitute the edge portion air-supply mechanism to be small.
  • a sixth characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 6 in the same document, that the edge portion air-supply mechanism includes a plurality of nozzles along a thermal-decomposition area, in addition to any one of the first to the sixth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the thermal-decomposition area is located on an upstream side beyond a melting area in which the surface of the treatment target melts in the furnace chamber.
  • the air is supplied from the nozzles disposed along the thermal-decomposition area, the air is evenly and uniformly supplied to the surface of the treatment target in the thermal-decomposition area, and the volatilization of phosphorus is effectively suppressed over a large area.
  • a seventh characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 7 in the same document, that the edge portion air-supply mechanism includes a tubular cavity and a plurality of nozzles, in addition to any one of the first to the seventh characteristic configurations described above.
  • the tubular cavity is formed in a refractory material layer constituting a furnace ceiling.
  • the nozzles extend from the cavity toward the furnace chamber.
  • the installation operation of accessory equipment such as an air-supply header pipe is required in addition to the operation to install the nozzles through a refractory wall of the furnace ceiling.
  • the strength of the furnace ceiling may decrease.
  • the tubular cavity functions as the air-supply header pipe.
  • the need for installing a large accessory equipment such as the air-supply header pipe in the space above the furnace ceiling is thus eliminated.
  • the nozzles do not run through the furnace ceiling, the strength of the furnace can be sufficiently ensured.
  • An eighth characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 8 in the same document, that a quantity of the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism is set set to be within a range of 10% to 50% of a total quantity of air required for melt treatment, in addition to any one of the first to the eighth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the air supplied to the furnace chamber is supplied from the air supply mechanism in the furnace ceiling and the edge portion air-supply mechanism.
  • the thermal-decomposition gas generated by thermal decomposition on the surface of the treatment target flows up in the furnace chamber and combusts using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism and the air supply mechanism.
  • the fixed carbon content on the surface of the treatment target combusts mainly using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism.
  • the remainder of oxygen suppresses reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides and thus suppresses the volatilization of phosphorus.
  • a ninth characteristic configuration of the same is, as set forth in claim 9 in the same document, that an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are disposed concentrically, a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder constitutes the treatment-target container, the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to annularly supply the treatment target to the furnace chamber by relative rotation of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the edge portion air-supply mechanism is configured to supply the air toward the surface of the annular treatment target, in addition to any one of the first to the ninth characteristic configurations described above.
  • the inner cylinder is integrally formed around a furnace ceiling.
  • the outer cylinder is integrally formed around a furnace bottom.
  • edge portion air-supply mechanism that supplies air toward the surface of the annular treatment target is disposed on the rotary surface melting furnace in which the treatment target is annularly supplied to the furnace chamber by relative rotation of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.
  • a characteristic configuration of a method for operating a surface melting furnace according to the present invention is, as set forth in claim 10 in the same document, that a method for operating a surface melting furnace includes putting a treatment target in a treatment-target container.
  • the surface melting furnace includes a furnace chamber and a treatment-target supply mechanism.
  • the furnace chamber has a slag port and includes a burner and an air supply mechanism.
  • the treatment-target supply mechanism is configured to supply the treatment target to the furnace chamber from the treatment-target container around the furnace chamber.
  • the treatment target contains phosphorus and a combustible material. Part of a total quantity of air required for melt treatment is supplied to the surface of the treatment target immediately after being supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism to maintain the surface of the treatment target in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the present invention has enabled provision of a surface melting furnace that can suppress the volatilization of phosphorus and improve melt treatment efficiency even when a treatment target containing phosphorus and a combustible material is melt-treated, and provision of a method for operating the surface melting furnace.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rotary surface melting furnace 1 that is an embodiment of the surface melting furnace.
  • the surface melting furnace 1 is a furnace for melt-treating a treatment target containing phosphorus and a combustible material.
  • the surface melting furnace 1 includes a furnace chamber 4, a treatment-target container 7 disposed around the furnace chamber 4 and communicating with the furnace chamber 4, a treatment-target supply mechanism 8 that supplies the treatment target to the furnace chamber 4 communicating with the treatment-target container 7, and other components.
  • the furnace chamber 4 has a slag port 3a on its furnace bottom 3.
  • An inner cylinder 5 integrally formed with the furnace ceiling 2 around the furnace ceiling 2 and an outer cylinder 6 integrally formed with the furnace bottom 3 around the furnace bottom 3 are disposed concentrically.
  • the gap between the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 is configured to constitute the treatment-target container 7.
  • the lower part of the outer cylinder 6 has a portion for coupling a drive mechanism 13.
  • the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 are configured to rotate relative to each other due to rotation of the outer cylinder 6 caused by the drive mechanism 13.
  • a plurality of cutout blades 8 constituting the treatment-target supply mechanism are disposed on the lower part of the inner cylinder 5 along the circumferential direction.
  • the cutout blades 8 are constituted of plate-like sloping blades that guide the treatment target, which is moving in the tangential direction on the lower part of the inner cylinder 5 due to the rotation of the outer cylinder 6, to the furnace chamber 4.
  • the cutout blades 8 due to the relative rotation of the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 annularly supplies the treatment target contained in the treatment-target container 7 to the furnace chamber 4, and the treatment target forms a bowl shape in the furnace chamber 4.
  • the treatment target has a high fluidity
  • relative rotation of the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 annularly supplies the treatment target to the furnace chamber 4 without the cutout blades 8.
  • the rotary surface melting furnace 1 includes an edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 that supplies air toward the surface of the treatment target immediately after being supplied to the furnace chamber 4, in other words, a portion of the annular treatment target adjacent to a portion in which the treatment-target container 7 communicates with the furnace chamber 4, that is, to the surface of a thermal-decomposition area R1.
  • a water-sealing mechanism 14 water-seals a boundary between the outer cylinder 6 and an edge of a cover 5a extending from the upper part of the inner cylinder 5 toward the outer cylinder 6.
  • a hopper 15 provided with a double damper mechanism 15a is disposed above the cover 5a.
  • a screw conveyor mechanism 16 puts the treatment target into the treatment-target container 7.
  • the furnace ceiling 2, the furnace bottom 3, the inner cylinder 5, and the outer cylinder 6 are constituted of refractory walls in which refractory bricks or other materials are stacked.
  • a water-cooling jacket is disposed around the furnace ceiling 2 and a portion adjacent to the slag port of the furnace bottom 3 to cover the refractory walls in the furnace chamber 4 from the outside.
  • a water tank that catches molten slag produced by melting the treatment target is disposed below the slag port 3a.
  • a flue is formed to laterally extend immediately below the slag port 3a.
  • Exhaust-gas treatment equipment such as a secondary combustion device, heat recovery devices such as a waste-heat boiler and an air preheater, a cooling tower, a bag filter, a scrubber, and a white-smoke preventing device are disposed along the flue. Purified exhaust gas is emitted from a chimney.
  • the treatment targets containing phosphorus and combustible materials are mainly sewage sludge and include other waste such as animal and plant residues such as livestock excreta and food waste and pulverized municipal solid waste.
  • the auxiliary burners 10 are ignited to preheat the furnace chamber 4 to a temperature equal to or higher than 1,000°C. After that, the outer cylinder 6 is rotated via the drive mechanism 13 to supply the treatment target, and the auxiliary burners 10 are stopped after melting of the treatment target is started. After that, the treatment target continues to melt by spontaneous combustion. When the heat quantity from the spontaneous combustion does not meet the heat quantity required for the melting, use of the auxiliary burners 10 is continued.
  • the combustible material in treatment target put in the furnace chamber 4 is thermally decomposed by the furnace temperature in the thermal-decomposition area R1, which is an annular area within about 500 mm from the inner cylinder 5, which is a supply position to the furnace chamber, toward the slag port 3a, which is the center of the furnace (see Fig. 2A ).
  • the thermal-decomposition gas generated combusts at a high temperature using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 and the air supply mechanisms 11 in the furnace ceiling 2 (see Fig. 2B ).
  • Fixed carbon and an inorganic material that are residues after thermal decomposition of the combustible material are heated to about 1,300°C by the radiant heat reflected by the furnace ceiling 2, for example.
  • the fixed carbon component combusts in the solid state in the thermal-decomposition area R1 using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 (see Fig. 2B ).
  • the inorganic material melts in a melting area R2, flows down toward the slag port 3a while melting, and flows out of the slag port 3a.
  • Combustion gas is induced toward the chimney by an induced draft fan on the downstream side of the flue, cooled and purified in the exhaust-gas treatment equipment described above, and emitted from the chimney.
  • Air to be supplied from the air supply mechanisms 11 into the furnace is preheated to about 200°C by steam from the boiler, the air preheater, or another hot air generator.
  • the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 functions to supply air toward the surface of the treatment target just having been put into the furnace chamber 4 to suppress the volatilization of phosphorus contained in the treatment target.
  • a quantity of the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 is preferably set to be within a range of 10% to 50% of the total quantity of air required for melt treatment.
  • the air supplied by the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 is supplied not in a direction swirling in the furnace but straightly toward the surface of the treatment target. Accordingly, a swirling flow is less likely to be generated in the furnace chamber 4, and the swirling force hardly acts on slag falling through the slag port. Possibilities of adhesion to the wall surface of a secondary chamber thus decrease.
  • the air supplied to the furnace chamber 4 is supplied from the air supply mechanisms 11 in the furnace ceiling 2 and the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20.
  • the thermal decomposition gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the combustible material on the surface of the treatment target flows up in the furnace chamber and combusts using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 and the air supply mechanisms 11.
  • the fixed carbon content on the surface of the treatment target combusts mainly using the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20, and the fixed carbon content is also used to suppress the volatilization of phosphorus.
  • the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 toward the surface of the treatment target causes the fixed carbon content remaining on a portion adjacent to the surface of the treatment target after the thermal decomposition to combust.
  • the remainder of oxygen suppresses reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides and thus suppresses the volatilization of phosphorus.
  • the quantity of the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 to be within the range of 10% to 50% of the total quantity of the air required for melt treatment improves the consumption balance of air, increases the melt treatment efficiency, and effectively suppresses the volatilization of phosphorus.
  • the total quantity of the air required for melt treatment is about 1.0 to 1.2 times the value of the theoretical quantity of air required for combustion of the treatment target and the burners and is a value that is set as appropriate depending on properties of the treatment target.
  • a quantity of air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 of more than 50% of the total quantity of air acts to decrease the ambient temperature on the thermal-decomposition area R1 and decreases the treatment efficiency.
  • air is uniformly supplied to the thermal-decomposition area R1 and is efficiently supplied to the fixed carbon content by including the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 constituted of a plurality of nozzles disposed along the thermal-decomposition area R1 located on the upstream side beyond the melting area R2 in which the surface of the treatment target melts in the furnace chamber 4.
  • the volatilization of phosphorus is suppressed, the combustion speed in the thermal-decomposition area R1 increases, and the temperature increases due to generation of heat by combustion. This increase in the temperature further speeds up each of drying of the treatment target and thermal decomposition, combustion, and melting of the combustible material.
  • the furnace can be configured to be smaller to obtain the same throughput, and the melting throughput increases when the same size of furnaces are used.
  • the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 is preferably configured to supply air so that the oxygen concentration on the surface of the thermal-decomposition area R1 will be equal to or higher than 1 vol%, and configured to supply air preferably at a flow velocity lower than a scattering velocity of the treatment target, more preferably at a flow velocity lower than a scattering velocity of the combustible material.
  • the air supplied from the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 is supplied so that the oxygen concentration on the surface of the thermal-decomposition area R1 located on the upstream side beyond the melting area R2 will be equal to or higher than 1 vol%, reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides are effectively suppressed, and accordingly the volatilization of phosphorus is suppressed.
  • the flow velocity of the air supplied toward the surface of the treatment target is adjusted so that the treatment target containing the combustible material will be melt-treated without scattering in the furnace. Accordingly, reduction reactions of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides are effectively suppressed, and the volatilization of phosphorus is suppressed.
  • the flow velocity of air at which the treatment target does not scatter in the furnace is not a numerical value fixed to a constant value but a value that varies widely depending on the average particle diameter, the average density, the percentage of moisture content, and the like of the treatment target and is set as appropriate in accordance with the treatment target.
  • the treatment target is dry sludge having a percentage of moisture content of about 20 to 30% produced through drying treatment of sewage sludge, scattering is prevented if the flow velocity of air along the surface of the dry sludge is within a range of about 5 m/s to 6 m/s.
  • the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 is configured to include a plurality of tubular nozzles 20a located on an outer peripheral-edge portion of the furnace ceiling 2 so as to be located on a circumference equally distant from the center of the furnace in a plan view, an annular air header pipe 21 that supplies air to the nozzles 20a, and an air supply pipe 22 that supplies to the air header pipe 21 air preheated to about 200°C by the air preheater or the like. Air to be supplied to the air supply mechanisms 11 is also supplied from the air supply pipe 22 via a flow control mechanism.
  • the tips of the cylindrical nozzles 20a may be located at a height of about 420 mm when air is supplied using the cylindrical nozzles 20a at a flow velocity of about 5 m/s on the surface of the treatment target because the air diffuses at a ratio of 0.6 in the radial direction to one unit of the distance in the shaft center direction of each of the cylindrical nozzles.
  • a surface melting furnace having a diameter of the furnace bottom 3 of 4 m, about 25 cylindrical nozzles 20a may be disposed.
  • swirler nozzles 20b in which swirl vanes 20c are inserted into tubular nozzles are used, air becomes larger in diameter while swirling and is uniformly supplied to the surface of the treatment target.
  • the number of the nozzles can be smaller than in the case the tubular nozzles 20a are used.
  • the swirler nozzles 20b are an embodiment of a uniformizing mechanism that uniformly supplies air to the surface of the treatment target.
  • the uniformizing mechanism a configuration in which a larger number of tubular nozzles are disposed can be employed.
  • Fig. 4 shows a state in which the nozzles 20a constituting the edge portion air-supply mechanism 20 are disposed on the peripheral edge portion of the furnace ceiling 2.
  • Each of the nozzles 20a is coupled to the air header pipe in the space above the nozzles.
  • Each of the nozzles 20a may be disposed in a vertical posture or in an posture facing a cutout portion in which the treatment target is cut out and supplied to the furnace chamber 4.
  • the cutout portion is a portion in which the inner cylinder 5 intersects with the thermal-decomposition area R1, in other words, in which the furnace chamber 4 communicates with the treatment-target container 7.
  • each of the nozzles 20a is required to be disposed through the furnace ceiling 2 in this case, and the strength of the furnace ceiling 2 may decrease.
  • an annular cavity 2b may be formed in a refractory wall 2a constituting the furnace ceiling 2, and the cavity 2b may be configured to be the air header pipe 21. Openings 2c facing the furnace chamber may be then formed on the lower face of the cavity 2b at predetermined intervals, and paths 2d in the refractory wall to the openings 2c may be configured to function as the nozzles 20a.
  • Such a configuration enables air to be supplied to the cavity 2b through a through hole formed in one place on the upper side of the furnace ceiling 2, and the configuration can prevent the strength of the furnace ceiling 2 from decreasing.
  • the surface melting furnace is the rotary surface melting furnace 1
  • the surface melting furnace according to the present invention is, however, not limited to the rotary surface melting furnace 1 and can be applied to other types of surface melting furnaces, needless to say.
  • the present invention can be applied to a surface melting furnace 1 having the slag port 3a at the center of the furnace bottom 3 and including a plurality of push-in mechanisms 30 for inputting the treatment target disposed around the furnace bottom 3, as shown in Fig. 6A .
  • This surface melting furnace is a type of surface melting furnace in which both the outer cylinder 6 constituted integrally with the furnace bottom 3 and the inner cylinder 5 constituted integrally with the furnace ceiling 2 are secured, and the push-in mechanisms 30 supply the treatment target into the furnace.
  • the present invention can be applied to a surface melting furnace 1 having the slag port 3a at the edge of the furnace bottom 3 and including a plurality of push-in mechanisms 30 for inputting the treatment target disposed on the opposite side.
  • the push-in mechanisms 30 are the treatment-target supply mechanism.
  • the present invention is only required to be a surface melting furnace including an edge portion air-supply mechanism that supplies air for suppressing reduction of phosphorus compounds and phosphorus oxides contained in a treatment target and for gasifying a combustible material, toward the surface of the treatment target containing phosphorus and the combustible material just having been put into a furnace chamber by a treatment-target supply mechanism.
  • the method for operating a surface melting furnace is a method for operating the surface melting furnace including a furnace chamber having a slag port and including a burner and an air supply mechanism, and a treatment-target supply mechanism configured to supply a treatment target to the furnace chamber from a treatment-target container around the furnace chamber.
  • the method includes putting the treatment target containing phosphorus and a combustible material in the treatment-target container, and supplying part of a total quantity of air required for melt treatment to the surface of the treatment target immediately after being supplied to the furnace chamber by the treatment-target supply mechanism to maintain the surface of the treatment target in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • gas containing oxygen is used as air
  • the air is only required to contain oxygen.
  • the atmospheric air may be used as it is, or air that has been subjected to a process of enriching oxygen or reducing nitrogen may be used.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1), der dazu konfiguriert ist, ein Behandlungstarget einer Schmelzbehandlung zu unterziehen, wobei der Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) folgendes umfasst:
    eine Ofenkammer (4) mit einer Ascheöffnung (3A), wobei die Ofenkammer (4) folgendes umfasst:
    einen Brenner (10); und
    einen Luftbereitstellungsmechanismus (11);
    einen Behandlungstargetbehälter (7), und
    einen Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8), der dazu konfiguriert ist, das Behandlungstarget an die Ofenkammer (4) von dem Behandlungstargetbehälter (7) bereitzustellen, der mit der Ofenkammer (4) kommuniziert; und
    einen Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20), der dazu konfiguriert ist, Luft in Richtung einer Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets bereitzustellen, positioniert an einem Rand an der Seite der Ofenkammer (4) benachbart zu einem Bereich, in dem der Behandlungstargetbehälter (7) mit der Ofenkammer (4) kommuniziert;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Behandlungstarget Phosphorverbindungen umfasst, die Phosphoroxide und ein brennbares Material enthalten, und
    der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) dazu konfiguriert ist, die Luft bei einer Fließgeschwindigkeit bereitzustellen, die niedriger ist als eine Streugeschwindigkeit des Behandlungstargets.
  2. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) dazu konfiguriert ist, die Luft an eine Oberfläche eines Thermozersetzungsbereichs (R1) bereitzustellen, wobei der Thermozersetzungsbereich (R1) an einer stromaufwärtigen Seite jenseits eines Schmelzbereichs (R2) lokalisiert ist, in dem die Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets in der Ofenkammer (4) schmilzt.
  3. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) dazu konfiguriert ist, die Luft derart bereitzustellen, dass veranlasst wird, das eine Sauerstoffkonzentration an der Oberfläche des Thermozersetzungsbereichs (R1) größer oder gleich 1 Vol.-% ist.
  4. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) einen Vereinheitlichungsmechanismus umfasst, der dazu konfiguriert ist, die Bereitstellung der Luft an die Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets zu vereinheitlichen.
  5. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Vereinheitlichungsmechanismus einen Verwirbler umfasst, der an dem Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) angeordnet ist.
  6. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) eine Mehrzahl von Düsen (20a, 20b, 20d) entlang eines Thermozersetzungsbereichs (R1) umfasst, wobei der Thermozersetzungsmereich (R1) an einer stromaufwärtigen Seite jenseits eines Schmelzbereichs (R2) lokalisiert ist, in dem die Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets in der Ofenkammer (4) schmilzt.
  7. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) folgendes umfasst:
    einen rohrförmigen Hohlraum (2b) in einer feuerfesten Materialschicht, die eine Ofendecke (2) bildet; und
    eine Mehrzahl von Düsen, die sich von dem Hohlraum (2b) in Richtung der Ofenkammer (4) erstrecken.
  8. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei eine Menge der Luft, die von dem Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) bereitgestellt wird, dazu konfiguriert ist, innerhalb eines Bereichs von 10% bis 50% einer Gesamtmenge von Luft zu sein, die für eine Schmelzbehandlung benötigt wird.
  9. Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
    wobei ein innerer Zylinder (5), der integral um eine Ofendecke (2) herum gebildet ist, und ein äußerer Zylinder (6), der integral um einen Ofenboden (3) herum gebildet ist, konzentrisch angeordnet sind,
    wobei ein Spalt zwischen dem inneren Zylinder (5) und dem äußeren Zylinder (6) den Behandlungstargetbehälter (7) bildet,
    wobei der Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) dazu konfiguriert ist, das Behandlungstarget ringförmig an die Ofenkammer (4) durch eine Relativdrehung des inneren Zylinders (5) und des äußeren Zylinders (6) bereitzustellen, und
    wobei der Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) dazu konfiguriert ist, die Luft in Richtung einer Oberfläche des ringförmigen Behandlungstargets bereitzustellen.
  10. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Oberflächenschmelzofens (1), wobei der Oberflächenschmelzofen (1) folgendes umfasst:
    eine Ofenkammer (4) mit einer Ascheöffnung (3a), wobei die Ofenkammer (4) folgendes umfasst:
    einen Brenner (10); und
    einen Luftbereitstellungsmechanismus (11); und
    einen Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8), der dazu konfiguriert ist, ein Behandlungstarget an die Ofenkammer (4) von einem Behandlungstargetbehälter (7) um die Ofenkammer (4) herum bereitzustellen,
    wobei das Verfahren folgendes umfasst:
    Platzieren des Behandlungstargets in dem Behandlungstargetbehälter (7); und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Behandlungstarget Phosphorverbindungen umfasst, die Phosphoroxide und ein brennbares Material enthalten; und
    Bereitstellen eines Teils oder der gesamten Menge von Luft, die für eine Schmelzbehandlung benötigt wird, an eine Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets unmittelbar nach der Bereitstellung an die Ofenkammer (4) durch den Behandlungstargetbereitstellungsmechanismus (8) bei einer Fließgeschwindigkeit, die niedriger ist als eine Streugeschwindigkeit des Behandlungstargets, um die Oberfläche des Behandlungstargets in einer oxidierenden Atmosphäre zu halten.
  11. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Oberflächenschmelzofens (1) nach Anspruch 10, wobei eine Menge der Luft, die von dem Randbereichluftbereitstellungsmechanismus (20) bereitgestellt wird, derart eingestellt ist, dass sie innerhalb eines Bereichs von 10% bis 50% einer Gesamtmenge von Luft ist, die für eine Schmelzbehandlung erforderlich ist.
EP15770414.9A 2014-03-28 2015-03-27 Oberflächenschmelzofen und verfahren zum betrieb eines oberflächenschmelzofens Active EP3124864B1 (de)

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JPH10279301A (ja) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-20 Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd りん成分の分離方法
JP3522090B2 (ja) * 1997-09-05 2004-04-26 株式会社クボタ 廃棄物溶融炉における高効率溶融法
JPH11237019A (ja) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-31 Kubota Corp 廃棄物溶融炉
JP2000337616A (ja) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-08 Kubota Corp 可燃性廃棄物の溶融処理方法及び溶融処理炉
JP2004044907A (ja) * 2002-07-11 2004-02-12 Kubota Corp 溶融処理設備
JP5179989B2 (ja) * 2008-07-29 2013-04-10 株式会社クボタ 表面溶融炉
JP5888720B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2016-03-22 株式会社クボタ 肥料の製造方法、及び肥料の製造方法に用いられる回転式表面溶融炉

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