EP3111669B1 - Dispositif de commande d'un haut-parleur - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande d'un haut-parleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3111669B1
EP3111669B1 EP15706746.3A EP15706746A EP3111669B1 EP 3111669 B1 EP3111669 B1 EP 3111669B1 EP 15706746 A EP15706746 A EP 15706746A EP 3111669 B1 EP3111669 B1 EP 3111669B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ref
enclosure
loudspeaker
air
dynamic
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EP15706746.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3111669A1 (fr
Inventor
Eduardo MENDES
Pierre-Emmanuel Calmel
Antoine PETROFF
Jean-Loup AFRESNE
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Devialet SA
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Devialet SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
    • H04R29/003—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers of the moving-coil type

Definitions

  • Speakers are electromagnetic devices that convert an electrical signal into an acoustic signal. They introduce a nonlinear distortion that can significantly affect the acoustic signal obtained.
  • a first type of solution uses mechanical sensors, typically a microphone, in order to implement a servocontrol which makes it possible to linearize the operation of the loudspeaker.
  • the major disadvantage of such a technique is the mechanical size and non-standardization of the devices as well as high costs.
  • open-loop type controls have been envisaged. They do not require expensive sensors. They may only use a measurement of the voltage and / or current applied across the loudspeaker.
  • the document US 6,058,195 uses a mirror filter technique with current control. This technique makes it possible to eliminate nonlinearities in order to obtain a predetermined model.
  • the estimator E implemented produces an error signal between the measured voltage and the voltage predicted by the model. This error is used by the update circuit of the parameters U. Given the number of parameters estimated, the convergence of the parameters to their true values is highly unlikely under normal operating conditions.
  • US 8,023,668 offers an open-loop control model that compensates for speaker unwanted behavior in relation to a desired behavior. For this, the voltage applied to the loudspeaker is corrected by an additional voltage which cancels the unwanted behaviors of the loudspeaker with respect to the desired behavior.
  • the control algorithm is realized by discretization in discrete time of the loudspeaker model. This makes it possible to predict the position that the membrane will have at the next time and to compare this position with the desired position. The algorithm thus achieves a sort of infinite gain servo between a desired model of the speaker and the model of the speaker so that the speaker follows the desired behavior.
  • the command implements a correction which is calculated at each instant and added to the input signal, even if this correction in the document US 8,023,668 does not implement closed feedback loop.
  • the mechanisms for calculating a correction added to the input signal do not take into account the structure of the enclosure when it is not a closed enclosure.
  • the invention aims to provide a satisfactory control of a speaker disposed in an unclosed enclosure and which takes into account the structure of the enclosure.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for controlling a loudspeaker of the aforementioned type, according to claim 1.
  • the control device comprises one or more of the features of the claims. 2-5.
  • the sound reproduction installation 10 illustrated on the figure 1 comprises, as known per se, a module 12 for producing an audio signal, such as a disk drive digital connected to a speaker 14 of a vented enclosure through a voltage amplifier 16. Between the audio source 12 and the amplifier 16 are arranged, successively in series, a desired model 20, corresponding to the desired model the behavior of the enclosure, and a control device 22.
  • This desired model is linear or nonlinear.
  • a loop 23 for measuring a physical quantity such that the temperature of the magnetic circuit of the loudspeaker or the current flowing in the coil of the loudspeaker is provided between the loudspeaker 14 and the control device 22.
  • the desired model 20 is independent of the speaker used in the installation and its modeling.
  • the desired model 20 is, as illustrated on the figure 2 , a function expressed as a function of the frequency of the ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal denoted S audio_ref on the amplitude S audio of the input signal coming from the module 12.
  • this ratio is a function converging towards zero when the frequency tends to zero, to limit the reproduction of excessively low frequencies and thus to avoid displacements of the speaker's membrane out of the ranges. recommended by the manufacturer.
  • this desired model is not specified and the desired model is considered as unitary.
  • the control device 22 whose detailed structure is illustrated on the figure 3 , is arranged at the input of the amplifier 16. This device is able to receive as input the audio signal S audio_ref to be reproduced as defined at the output of the desired model 20 and to output a signal U ref , forming a signal of excitation of the loudspeaker which is provided for amplification to the amplifier 16.
  • This signal U ref is adapted to take into account the non-linearity of the loudspeaker 14.
  • the control device 22 comprises means for calculating different quantities as a function of the values of derivatives or integrals of other quantities defined at the same times.
  • the values of the unknown quantities at the instant n are taken equal to the corresponding values of the instant n-1.
  • the values of the instant n-1 are preferably corrected by a prediction at the order 1 or 2 of their values using the higher order derivatives known at time n-1.
  • control device 22 implements a control using in part the principle of the differential flatness which makes it possible to define a reference control signal of a differentially flat system from sufficiently smooth reference paths.
  • the control module 22 receives as input the audio signal S audio_ref to be reproduced from the desired model 20.
  • a unit 24 for applying a unit conversion gain, depending on the peak voltage of the amplifier 16 and a variable attenuation between 0 and 1 controlled by the user ensures the passage of the reference audio signal S audio_ref to a signal ⁇ 0 , image of a physical quantity to be reproduced.
  • the signal ⁇ 0 is, for example, an acceleration of the air opposite the loudspeaker or a speed of the air to be displaced by the loudspeaker 14. In the following, it is assumed that the signal ⁇ 0 is the acceleration of the air set in motion by the enclosure.
  • the control device comprises a unit 25 for structural adaptation of the signal to be reproduced as a function of the structure of the enclosure in which the loudspeaker is used.
  • This unit is able to provide a reference variable A ref desired at each instant for the speaker membrane from a corresponding quantity, here the signal ⁇ 0 , for the displacement of the air set in motion by the speaker with the speaker.
  • the reference variable A ref calculated from the acceleration of the air to be reproduced ⁇ 0 , is the acceleration to be reproduced for the speaker diaphragm so that the operation of the top -parleur imposes on the air an acceleration ⁇ 0 .
  • the input ⁇ 0 is connected to a bounded integration unit 27 whose output is itself connected to another bounded integration unit 28.
  • the bounded integration units are formed of a first-order low-pass filter and are characterized by a cut-off frequency F OBF .
  • bounded integration units allows the quantities used in the control device 22 to be the derivatives or the integrals of each other only in the useful bandwidth, ie for the higher frequencies. at the cutoff frequency F OBF . This makes it possible to control the excursion at low frequency of the quantities considered.
  • the cut-off frequency F OBF is chosen so as not to influence the signal at the low frequencies of the useful bandwidth.
  • the cutoff frequency F OBF is taken less than one-tenth of the frequency f min of the desired model 20.
  • the desired reference acceleration for the membrane A ref is corrected for the dynamic structural magnitudes x o , v o of the enclosure, the latter being different from the dynamic variables relating to the speaker membrane.
  • This reference quantity A ref is introduced into a calculation unit 26 of dynamic reference quantities capable of providing, at each instant, the value of the derivative with respect to the time of the reference variable denoted dA ref / dt, as well as the values first and second integrals with respect to the time of this reference quantity respectively denoted V ref and X ref .
  • the set of reference dynamic quantities is noted in the following G ref .
  • the input A ref is connected to a branching unit 30 on the one hand and a bounded integration unit 32 on the other hand whose output is itself connected to another bounded integration unit 34.
  • the bounded integration units are formed of a first-order low-pass filter and are characterized by a cut-off frequency F OBF .
  • bounded integration units allows the quantities used in the control device 22 to be the derivatives or the integrals of each other only in the useful bandwidth, ie for the higher frequencies. at the cutoff frequency F OBF . This makes it possible to control the excursion at low frequency of the quantities considered.
  • the cut-off frequency F OBF is chosen so as not to influence the signal at the low frequencies of the useful bandwidth.
  • the cutoff frequency F OBF is taken less than one-tenth of the frequency f min of the desired model 20.
  • the control device 22 comprises, in a memory, a table and / or a set of electromechanical parameter polynomials 36 as well as a table and / or a set of polynomials of the electrical parameters 38.
  • These tables 36 and 38 are adapted to define, as a function of the dynamic reference variables G ref received at the input, the electromechanical parameters P mec and electrical P elec respectively.
  • These parameters P Meca and P élec are obtained respectively from a mechanical modeling of the loudspeaker as illustrated on the figure 6 , where the loudspeaker is supposed to be installed in a vented enclosure, and an electrical model of the loudspeaker as shown on the figure 7 .
  • the electromechanical parameters P mec include the magnetic flux picked up by the coil noted BI produced by the magnetic circuit of the HP, the stiffness of the speaker noted K mt (x D ), the viscous mechanical friction of the speaker noted R mt , the mobile mass of the entire loudspeaker noted M mt , the stiffness of the air in the enclosure noted K m2 , the acoustic leakage of the enclosure noted R m 2 and the mass of air in the vent noted M m 2 .
  • the modeling of the mechanico-acoustic part of the loudspeaker placed in a vent enclosure illustrated on the figure 6 comprises, in a single closed loop circuit, a voltage generator 40 BI (x D, i) .i corresponding to the driving force generated by the current i flowing through the speaker coil.
  • the magnetic flux BI (x D , i) depends on the position x D of the membrane as well as the intensity i flowing in the coil.
  • the electrical parameters P elec include the inductance of the coil L e , the para-inductance L 2 of the coil and the loss-iron equivalent R 2 .
  • the modeling of the electric part of the loudspeaker illustrated on the figure 7 is formed of a closed loop circuit. It comprises a generator 50 of electromotive force u e connected in series with a resistor 52 representative of the resistor R e of the coil of the loudspeaker. This resistor 52 is connected in series with an inductance L e (x D , i) representative of the inductance of the coil of the loudspeaker. This inductance depends on the intensity i flowing in the coil and the position x D of the membrane.
  • a parallel circuit RL is connected in series at the output of the coil 54.
  • a resistor 56 of value R 2 (x D , i) depends on the The position of the membrane x D and the intensity i flowing in the coil is representative of the loss-iron equivalent.
  • a coil 58 of inductance L 2 (x D , i) also depends on the position x D of the membrane and the intensity i flowing in the circuit is representative of the para-inductance of the loudspeaker.
  • the flux BI picked up by the coil, the stiffness K mt and the inductance of the coil L e depend on the position x D of the diaphragm, the inductance L e and the BI flow also depend on the current i flowing in the coil.
  • the inductance of the coil L e , the inductance L 2 and the term g depend on the intensity i, in addition to depending on the displacement x D of the membrane.
  • the control module 22 further comprises a unit 70 for calculating the reference current i ref and its derivative di ref / dt. This unit receives, as input, the reference dynamic quantities G ref , the mechanical parameters P m , and the magnitudes x 0 and v 0 .
  • the current i ref and its derivative di ref / dt are obtained by an algebraic calculation from the values of the vectors entered by an exact analytical calculation or a numerical resolution if necessary according to the complexity of G 1 (x, i) .
  • the derivative of the current di ref / dt is thus preferably obtained by an algebraic calculation or else by digital derivation.
  • a displacement X max is imposed on the control module. This is made possible by the use of a separate dynamic reference quantity calculating unit 26 and a structural matching unit.
  • the limitation of the deflection is carried out by a device of "virtual wall" which prevents the membrane of the loudspeaker to exceed a certain limit related to X max .
  • a device of "virtual wall” which prevents the membrane of the loudspeaker to exceed a certain limit related to X max .
  • the energy required for the position approaches the virtual wall becomes larger and larger (non-linear behavior) to be infinite on the wall with the possibility of imposing asymmetrical behavior.
  • the viscous mechanical friction R mt 42 is increased non-linearly as a function of the x ref position of the membrane.
  • the acceleration A ref is dynamically maintained within minimum and maximum limits which ensure that the position x ref of the membrane does not exceed X max .
  • control device 22 comprises a unit 80 for estimating the resistance R e of the loudspeaker.
  • This unit 80 receives as input the reference dynamic quantities G ref , the intensity of the reference currents i ref and its derivative di ref / dt and, according to the embodiment envisaged, the temperature measured on the magnetic circuit of the loudspeaker noted T m_measured or the intensity measured through the coil rated I _measured .
  • the estimation unit 80 is of the form illustrated in FIG. figure 8 . It comprises as input a module 82 for calculating the power and parameters and thermal model 84.
  • the thermal model 84 calculates the resistance R e from the calculated parameters, the determined power and the measured temperature T m_measured .
  • the figure 9 gives the general scheme used for the thermal model.
  • the reference temperature is the internal air temperature of the enclosure T e .
  • the thermal power considered is: P Jb [W]: thermal power supplied to the winding by Joule effect;
  • the equivalent thermal resistances take into account the heat dissipation by conduction and convection.
  • the estimate of the resistance R e is provided by a closed-loop estimator, for example of integral proportional type. This makes it possible to have a fast convergence time thanks to the use of an integral proportional corrector.
  • control device 22 comprises a unit 90 for calculating the reference output voltage U ref , based on the reference dynamic variables G ref , the reference current i ref and its derivative di ref / dt, parameters electric and electric resistor R e calculated by unit 80.
  • the units 38, 80 and 90 of the control device are suppressed and the reference output intensity i ref controlling the amplifier is taken at the exit of the unit 70.
  • the mechanical model of the figure 6 is replaced by that of the figure 11 in which the elements identical to those of the figure 6 have the same reference numbers.
  • the structural adaptation structure 25 will comprise in series two bounded integrators for obtaining v 0 and x 0 from ⁇ 0 , then the calculation of x 0 R from x 0 by high-pass filtering with additional parameters R m 3 and K m 3 which are respectively the mechanical loss resistance and the mechanical stiffness constant of the passive radiator membrane.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
EP15706746.3A 2014-02-26 2015-02-18 Dispositif de commande d'un haut-parleur Active EP3111669B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1451563A FR3018024B1 (fr) 2014-02-26 2014-02-26 Dispositif de commande d'un haut-parleur
PCT/EP2015/053429 WO2015128237A1 (fr) 2014-02-26 2015-02-18 Dispositif de commande d'un haut-parleur

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3111669A1 EP3111669A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
EP3111669B1 true EP3111669B1 (fr) 2019-09-18

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US (1) US9924267B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3111669B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6628228B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102267808B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106165446B (zh)
BR (1) BR112016019790A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2940980C (zh)
FR (1) FR3018024B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015128237A1 (zh)

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CA2940980A1 (fr) 2015-09-03
JP6628228B2 (ja) 2020-01-08
CA2940980C (fr) 2023-08-22
US20160366515A1 (en) 2016-12-15
CN106165446A (zh) 2016-11-23
KR102267808B1 (ko) 2021-06-21
US9924267B2 (en) 2018-03-20
FR3018024B1 (fr) 2016-03-18
FR3018024A1 (fr) 2015-08-28
CN106165446B (zh) 2019-07-09
WO2015128237A1 (fr) 2015-09-03
EP3111669A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
JP2017511090A (ja) 2017-04-13
BR112016019790A2 (pt) 2021-06-01
KR20160126033A (ko) 2016-11-01

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