EP3072850A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von funktionalisiertem graphen und funktionalisiertes graphen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von funktionalisiertem graphen und funktionalisiertes graphen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3072850A1
EP3072850A1 EP14863224.3A EP14863224A EP3072850A1 EP 3072850 A1 EP3072850 A1 EP 3072850A1 EP 14863224 A EP14863224 A EP 14863224A EP 3072850 A1 EP3072850 A1 EP 3072850A1
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Prior art keywords
materials
group
functionalized graphene
graphene
mixture
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French (fr)
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EP3072850A4 (de
EP3072850B1 (de
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Jin Seo Lee
Seung Hoe Do
Seong Yun Jeon
Gi Woo Han
Jung Ho Kong
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Hanwha Chemical Corp
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Hanwha Chemical Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C335/00—Thioureas, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C335/04—Derivatives of thiourea
    • C07C335/16—Derivatives of thiourea having nitrogen atoms of thiourea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/184—Preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/194—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/184—Preparation
    • C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
    • C01B32/192—Preparation by exfoliation starting from graphitic oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2604/00—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 buckminsterfullerene or C70
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene, and a functionalized graphene, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene having excellent electrical and thermal conductivity properties, and a barrier property, using a fluid in a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition and a functional compound, and a functionalized graphene.
  • Graphene is a material in which carbon atoms of graphite which is a three-dimensional structured carbon allotrope naturally present in the natural world are arranged in a hexagonal plane structure which is a two-dimensional sheet form. Carbon atoms of the graphene form a sp 2 bond, and have a plane sheet form in a single atom thickness.
  • the graphene has significantly excellent electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and physical properties such as excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, elasticity, quantified transparency depending on thickness, high specific surface area, and the like, may be explained by specific bonding structure of atoms present in the graphene.
  • Three of four peripheral electrons of the carbons configuring the graphene form a sp 2 hybrid orbital to have a sigma bond, and remaining one electron and the surrounding carbon atoms form a pi bond to provide a hexagonal two-dimensional structure.
  • the graphene has a band structure which is different from other carbon allotropes, and does not have a band gap to exhibit excellent electric conductivity; however, the graphene is a semi-metal material in which state density of electrons at the Fermi level is 0, and therefore, may easily change electrical properties depending on whether or not it is doped.
  • the graphene may be variously applied to automobile, energy, aerospace, construction, pharmaceutical, and steel fields as well as various electric electronic fields such as next-generation materials, capacitors, electromagnetic shielding materials, sensors, displays, and the like, which are replaceable for silicon electric electronic materials, research into a technology of utilizing the graphene in various fields has been largely conducted.
  • a scotch-tape method or a peel off method for exfoliating a graphene single layer from the graphite sheet using an adhesive tape, chemical vapor deposition, an epitaxial growth method by lamination on a silicon carbide substrate (SiC), thermal exfoliation of exfoliating the graphite by using heat, chemical oxidation and reduction, or the like, has been researched.
  • the chemical oxidation and reduction has advantages in that mass-production is possible, economical feasibility is provided, and various functional groups may be easily introduced into the graphene sheet.
  • reducing agents such as hydrazine, and the like, should be used for a deoxygenation reaction of graphene oxide, wherein most of these reducing agents are dangerous due to high corrosiveness, explosiveness, human toxicity, and the like, and the prepared graphene may include impurities, and the like, such that electric conductivity may be decreased.
  • metal intercalation when materials such as a metal are intercalated between a layered structure for preventing restacking phenomenon of the graphene formed in forming the graphene (metal intercalation), size and distribution of particles to be intercalated (donor intercalant) are not uniform, such that it is difficult to prepare high quality graphene.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to provide a method and an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene having excellent physical properties such as dispersibility, functionality, electrical conductivity, and the like, even by economical and efficient and low-risk processes.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to provide a functionalized graphene with a functional group including a sulfur atom.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a functionalized graphene including: forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functionalized functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; forming the functionalized graphene by reacting the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; and recovering the functionalized graphene.
  • another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene including: a mixing part forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; a preheater pre-heating the mixture supplied from the mixing part; a reactor connected to a rear end of the preheater, and generating a reaction of the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; a cooling down system connected to a rear end of the reactor and cooling down a product of the reaction; and product storing parts connected to a rear end of the cooling down system and recovering the functionalized graphene from the product.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a functionalized graphene with a functional group including a sulfur atom.
  • graphene oxide may be effectively reduced, and at the same time, a functionalized graphene in which a sulfur atom is introduced into a basal plane and an edge thereof may be prepared.
  • the functionalized graphene capable of being utilized as materials throughout the industry, such as barrier materials, lightweight materials, energy, batteries, electronics, electrics, semiconductors, displays, home appliances, mobile phones, nano-industries, biotechnologies, polymer composites, metal composites, paints, pastes, inks, and the like, may be prepared.
  • a method for preparing a functionalized graphene of the present invention includes: forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; forming the functionalized graphene by reacting the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; and recovering the functionalized graphene.
  • an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene of the present invention includes: a mixing part forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; a preheater pre-heating the mixture supplied from the mixing part; a reactor connected to a rear end of the preheater, and generating a reaction of the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; a cooling down system connected to a rear end of the reactor and cooling down a product of the reaction; and product storing parts connected to a rear end of the cooling down system and recovering the functionalized graphene from the product.
  • a functionalized graphene of the present invention is functionalized with a functional group including a sulfur atom.
  • each layer or element is formed "on” or “over” of each of the layers or elements means that each layer or element is directly formed over each of the layers or elements, or means that another layer or element is additionally formed between each layer, or on a subject or a substrate.
  • the method for preparing a functionalized graphene according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; forming the functionalized graphene by reacting the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; and recovering the functionalized graphene.
  • the functional compound including all of the amine group and the sulfur atom may be a compound selected from the group consisting of the following Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 2, and Chemical Formula 3, or a mixture including at least one kind compound thereof: in Chemical Formulas 1, 2, and 3,
  • the amino group used herein means a functional group represented by -NH 2 .
  • hydrocarbylamino group used herein means primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary hydrocarbylamino group or a hydrocarbylammonium group represented by -NH(R), -N(R)(R'), or-N(R)(R')(R") + obtained by substituting at least one of hydrogen of nitrogen atoms in the amino group with an alkyl group.
  • hydroxyalkylamino group used herein means an group represented by -NH(ROH), -N(ROH)(R'OH), or -N(ROH)(R'OH)(R"OH) + obtained by substituting at least one of hydrogen of nitrogen atoms in the amino group with a hydroxyalkyl group.
  • aminohydrocarbyl group used herein means a functional group represented by -R-NH2, -R-NH(R'), -R-N(R')(R"), -R-NH3 + , -R-NH2(R') + , or -R-NH(R')(R") + obtained by substitution of the amino group or the hydrocarbylamino group in the middle or at the end of the hydrocarbyl group.
  • R, R', and R" are the same as or different from each other, and each independently a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the functional compound includes all of the amine group and the sulfur atom in a molecule.
  • the amine group has a reduction property to help reduction of the graphene oxide in a deoxygenation reaction of the graphene oxide to be described below so that the reaction is effectively performed.
  • the functional group having a sulfur atom is introduced into a surface or an edge of the graphene to be formed, such that the functionalized graphene having excellent dispersibility may be obtained.
  • the substituent such as an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aminoalkyl group, an alkylamino group, or the like, which may be included in the functional compound may be introduced into the surface or the edge of the graphene as a functional group together with the sulfur atom, and due to a steric hindrance effect of the substituent introduced into the surface or the edge of the graphene, restacking phenomenon in which the graphene separated from the graphite is restacked to the graphite may be prevented, such that the graphene may have improved quality.
  • polarity of the surface of the graphene is capable of being adjusted by hydrophilic electron donating elements such as sulfur included in the functional group, and the like, and hydrophobic molecules, such that compatibility may be increased in accordance with the polarity of various matrixes (solution or solid), and therefore, the functionalized graphene having excellent dispersibility may be effectively prepared.
  • the functional compound since the functional compound has a property of preventing corrosion against metal materials, corrosion of the metal may be effectively prevented by using a barrier property of the prepared functionalized graphene.
  • the functional compound may include thiourea, thiourea dioxide, phenylthiourea, tolyl-3,3-dimethylthiourea, 1,3-dialkyloylthiourea, aminoundecanethiol, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the functionalized graphene formed in the forming of the functionalized graphene may be a functionalized graphene sheet, a functionalized graphene platelet, or a functionalized graphene nanoplatelet.
  • the functionalized graphene refers to graphene having a functional group on the surface or at the edge of the graphene, wherein the functional group may be introduced from the functional compound, and may include the sulfur atom.
  • Specific examples thereof may include a sulfide group, an alkylsulfide group, an aminoalkylsulfide group, a sulfoxide group, an alkylsulfoxide group, an aminoalkylsulfoxide group, a sulfone group, an alkylsulfone group, an aminoalkylsulfone group, a thiol group, a thio group, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the graphene sheet refers to a sheet-shaped carbon structure formed of a single layered structure separated from the graphite, and the graphene platelet or the graphene nanoplatelet means a carbon structure in which the graphene sheets are overlapped and agglomerated with each other, or a nanoscale carbon structure.
  • the preparation method may be more specifically explained in the following steps.
  • the mixture including the graphite oxide, the solvent, and the functional compound including all of the amine group and the sulfur atom is formed.
  • the mixture may be a mixture in which the graphite oxide and the functional compound are dispersed in the solvent.
  • the graphite oxide dispersed in the solvent may have a single atom layer structure to a multiple atom layer structure in a flake shape.
  • the functional group such as an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, and the like, which are forms in which carbon, the main component of the graphite, is oxidized, may be present to have hydrophilic property, such that the graphite oxide may have excellent dispersibility to water which is the solvent, and may be easily dispersed into the solvent to be formed in a uniform mixture.
  • general dispersion methods using ultrasound, a homogenizer, and the like may be used.
  • the solvent may include water, carbon dioxide, alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
  • Water, carbon dioxide, alcohol, or mixtures thereof in the solvent may be subcritical water or supercritical water, subcritical carbon dioxide or supercritical carbon dioxide, or subcritical alcohol or supercritical alcohol under subcritical condition or supercritical condition, and may be reacted with the functional compound to form the functionalized graphene.
  • the alcohol is used without specific limitation as long as it is generally used for reduction of the graphite oxide in technical field that the present invention pertains, and the alcohol may include linear or branched about C1-C10 aliphatic alcohols, specifically, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, methyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-ethy
  • the graphite oxide included in the mixture may be formed by treating a graphite oxide precursor with an acid and an oxidizing agent, and in this case, the graphite oxide may be formed by Hummers method which is generally used.
  • the oxidizing agent for example, peroxides such as permanganate, dichromate, chlorate, and the like, may be used without specific limitation, and when the graphite oxide precursor is treated with a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or the like, and an oxidizing agent such as permanganate, dichromate, chlorate, or the like, by Hummers method, the graphite oxide may be obtained.
  • the prepared graphite oxide may have hydrophilic property by the functional group present in the graphite as described above, and the solvent may be easily penetrated between planes, such that exfoliation may be easily performed. Therefore, at the time of stirring a pre-mixture in the uniformed mixture form, the graphene oxide having a single atom layer structure exfoliated from the graphite oxide may be obtained.
  • the graphite oxide precursor may be used without specific limitation as long as it is a material in which carbon is a main component as well as general graphite.
  • the solvent may be included in an amount of about 10 to about 100,000 parts by weight, preferably, about 1,000 to about 50,000 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of the graphite oxide.
  • the solvent is included in an amount more than about 100,000 parts by weight based on the graphite oxide, an amount of the graphene to be capable of being prepared in a unit time is extremely small, such that economical feasibility may be deteriorated, and when the solvent is included in an amount less than 10 parts by weight, the graphite oxide may not be effectively exfoliated, and the reaction with a subcritical fluid or a supercritical fluid to be described below (that is, the deoxygenation reaction and the functionalization reaction) may not be effectively performed, such that the functionalized graphene to be formed may have poor uniformity to deteriorate quality.
  • the functional compound including all of the amine group and the sulfur atom may be included at about 0.1 to about 30 molar ratio, preferably about 0.1 to about 20 molar ratio, more preferably about 0.1 to about 10 molar ratio, with respect to oxygen included in the graphite oxide.
  • the functional compound When the functional compound is included at a molar ratio less than about 0.1 with respect to oxygen included in the graphite oxide, reduction of the graphite oxide may not be effectively achieved, and a problem that the functional group is not sufficiently introduced into the surface and the edge of the functionalized graphene to be prepared may occur, and when the functional compound is included at a molar ratio more than about 30, the functional compound in an excessive amount may be used, such that the cost for the functional compound, and the cost for removing unreacted functional compound may be increased, which is not economical.
  • the mixture may be fed into the reactor at a high-pressure in order to perform the subsequent reaction under the subcritical condition or the supercritical condition.
  • the pressure fed into the reactor is not specifically limited, but preferably, may be about 30atm to about 500atm.
  • the fed mixture may be pre-heated to a temperature of about 25 to about 500 °C, preferably, about 50 to about 400 °C, and more preferably, about 200 to about 400°C by the pre-heating step.
  • the reactor may be maintained at a predetermined temperature.
  • the pre-heated mixture may reach at the subcritical condition or the supercritical condition by a heating process and a pressing process.
  • the solvent included in the mixture may be a subcritical fluid or a supercritical fluid under this condition, and when water, carbon dioxide, or alcohol is included in the solvent, each of water, carbon dioxide, or alcohol may reach at a subcritical water state or a supercritical water state, a subcritical carbon dioxide state or a supercritical carbon dioxide state, or a subcritical alcohol state or a supercritical alcohol state in this state.
  • the graphene oxide present as being exfoliated in the mixture may generate a reaction (a deoxygenation reaction) with the subcritical fluid or the supercritical fluid to be reduced, thereby forming the graphene.
  • the deoxygenation reaction may be performed only by the reaction between the subcritical fluid or the supercritical fluid with the graphene oxide; however, the deoxygenation reaction may be more effectively promoted by the amine group of the functional compound included in the mixture.
  • the amine group present in the functional compound is a reducing agent to be capable of reducing the graphene oxide, such that the deoxygenation reaction may be effectively generated, and at the same time, the surface of the graphene may be functionalized. As a result, the amine group helps effective preparation of the functionalized graphene.
  • the graphene oxide may be reduced into the graphene, and the functional group including the sulfur atom included in the functional compound may be introduced into the surface of the graphene or the edge of the graphene to prepare the functionalized graphene.
  • a temperature of the subcritical condition or the supercritical condition may be about 25 to about 600 °C, preferably, about 50 to about 500 °C, and more preferably, about 200 to about 500 °C.
  • the temperature is extremely low, reduced level of the subcritical fluid or the supercritical fluid is deteriorated, such that the deoxygenation reaction of the exfoliated graphene oxide may not be effectively performed, and when the temperature is extremely high, economical feasibility may be deteriorated due to the cost for maintaining high temperature condition.
  • a pressure of the subcritical condition or the supercritical condition may be about 1 to about 500 atm, preferably, about 100 to about 500 atm.
  • the pressure is less than about 1 atm, the reaction of the graphene oxide and the functional compound may not be effectively performed, and reduced level of the subcritical fluid or the supercritical fluid is deteriorated, such that the deoxygenation reaction of the exfoliated graphene oxide may not be effectively performed, and when the pressure is more than about 500 atm, economical feasibility may be deteriorated due to the cost for maintaining high-pressure condition.
  • the functionalized graphene formed by the reaction may be separated and recovered from the mixture including the solvent.
  • the separating process may be performed by methods such as a drying method, centrifugation, filtration, and the like, of the mixture including the solvent, and the like, and any method for separating the prepared functionalized graphene from the mixture may be used without specific limitation.
  • a process of high-pressure-filtering the formed functionalized graphene may be further included in the filtering process after the process of forming the functionalized graphene and before the process of recovering the functionalized graphene.
  • the functionalized graphene with high purity may be more effectively separated by the filtering process at high-pressure in which the pressure of the reaction condition is not reduced as described above.
  • a process of washing the formed functionalized graphene may be further included after the process of forming the functionalized graphene and before the process of recovering the functionalized graphene.
  • Distilled water is high-pressure fed and supplied into a high-pressure filtering part used in the filtering process, such that the washing process may be continuously performed, and impurities such as the solvent, unreacted functional compound, side reaction materials, and the like, which may remain in the functionalized graphene may be effectively removed by the washing process.
  • the apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene includes a mixing part forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; a preheater pre-heating the mixture supplied from the mixing part; a reactor connected to a rear end of the preheater, and generating a reaction of the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; a cooling down system connected to a rear end of the reactor and cooling down a product of the reaction; and product storing parts connected to a rear end of the cooling down system and recovering the functionalized graphene from the product.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are views exemplarily showing an apparatus for preparing a functionalized graphene according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for preparing the functionalized graphene includes: a mixing part 100 forming a mixture including a graphite oxide, a solvent, and a functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom; a preheater 200 pre-heating the mixture supplied from the mixing part; a reactor 300 connected to a rear end of the preheater, and generating a reaction of the mixture under a subcritical condition or a supercritical condition of the solvent; a cooling down system 15 connected to a rear end of the reactor and cooling down a product of the reaction; and product storing parts 510, 511, and 512 connected to a rear end of the cooling down system and recovering the functionalized graphene from the product.
  • the apparatus may further include a cooling down and depressurizing system 400 provided between the cooling down system and the product storing part, and capable of cooling down and depressurizing the product at a temperature and a pressure appropriate for recovering the product
  • the reaction generated in the serial and continuous apparatus is as follows.
  • the mixture is formed in the mixing part 100, the mixture is delivered through a high-pressure feeding pump 12 to the preheater 200.
  • the mixture is pre-heated in the preheater 200 to a temperature of about 25 to about 500 °C, preferably, about 50 to about 400 °C, and more preferably, about 200 to about 400°C, and delivered to the reactor 300.
  • the above-described reaction is performed in the method for preparing the functionalized graphene.
  • the functionalized graphene formed by the reaction is delivered to the cooling down system 15, cooled down in the cooling down system 15 and/or cooling down and depressurizing system 400 at a temperature of about 20 to about 50°C, and recovered in the product storing parts 510, 511, and 512.
  • the apparatus for preparing the functionalized graphene of the present invention may further include a circulation pump 11 connected to the mixing part 100, and circulating and mixing the graphite oxide, the solvent, and the functional compound including all of an amine group and a sulfur atom to form the mixture.
  • the a pre-mixture mixed in the mixing part 100 is passed through the circulation pump 11 and returns to the mixing part to be uniformly mixed, and may be put into the preheater 200 in a state in which the mixture is more appropriate for the reaction.
  • the apparatus for preparing the functionalized graphene may further include the high-pressure feeding pump 12 provided between the mixing bath 100 and the preheater 200, and supplying the mixture of the mixing bath to the preheater.
  • the high-pressure feeding pump may supply the mixture of the mixing part to the preheater at the above-described pressure range of about 30atm to about 500atm.
  • the method for preparing the functionalized graphene may further include a functional compound feeding pump 14 connected to a front end of the reactor 300 and supplying the functional compound to the reactor.
  • the functional compound may be supplied to the reactor 300 in a state in which the functional compound is mixed with the graphite compound in the mixing part 100 at first; however, may be directly supplied to the reactor 300 through the functional compound feeding pump 14.
  • the apparatus for preparing the functionalized graphene may further include a heat exchanger 13 provided between the mixing part 100 and the preheater 200, and connected to the rear end of the reactor 300 and a front end of the cooling down system 15.
  • the heat exchanger 13 may deliver heat of the product obtained after the reaction is completed in the reactor 300 to the mixture of the preheater 200.
  • the product obtained after the reaction is completed in the reactor 300 is passed through the heat exchanger 13, and is cooled down at a temperature of about 150 to about 300°C while delivering heat to the preheater 200 through the heat exchanger 13, and at the same time, in the preheater 200, pre-heating may be performed by using the delivered heat. Energy required for cooling down the product and pre-heating the reactant may be reduced by heat-exchange generated by the heat exchanger 13.
  • the product storing parts 511 and 512 of the apparatus for preparing the functionalized graphene may further include filtering parts 501 and 502 filtering the product delivered from the cooling down system.
  • the filtering parts 501 and 502 may include a high-pressure filtering part.
  • the product cooled down after the reaction is completed in the reactor 300 is passed through the filtering parts 501 and 502 in a high-pressure state to achieve the high-pressure filtering process, and by the high-pressure filtering process in the filtering parts 501 and 502, functionalized graphene with high purity may be more effectively separated.
  • the high-pressure filtering part may have separate pressure controlling systems 17 and 18 attached therewith, and filtering pressure may be appropriately controlled by the pressure controlling systems.
  • the filtering parts 501 and 502 may be connected to a distilled water feeding pump 16.
  • the product may be washed by high-pressure injecting distilled water into the high-pressure filtering part through the distilled water feeding pump 16, and impurities such as the solvent, unreacted functional compound, side reaction materials, and the like, which may remain in the functionalized graphene may be effectively and easily removed by the washing process.
  • a functionalized graphene with a functional group including a sulfur atom is added.
  • the functionalized graphene refers to graphene having the functional group on the surface or at the edge of the graphene, wherein the functional group is not specifically limited, but is introduced from the functional compound, and may include the sulfur atom.
  • Specific examples thereof may include a sulfide group, an alkylsulfide group, an aminoalkylsulfide group, a sulfoxide group, an alkylsulfoxide group, an aminoalkylsulfoxide group, a sulfone group, an alkylsulfone group, an aminoalkylsulfone group, a functional group containing a thiol group, a functional group containing a thio group, and the like.
  • the functionalized graphene of the present invention may include about 0.1 to about 20 wt% of the sulfur atom, preferably, about 0.1 to about 15 wt% of the sulfur atom, and more preferably, about 1 to about 10 wt% of the sulfur atom when being measured by XPS.
  • the sulfur atom having the weight ratio in the above-described range is appropriate for effect which is obtainable by introducing the functional group into the surface or the edge of the graphene as described above.
  • the functionalized graphene shows a peak caused by 2p electron orbital of sulfur (S), that is, a characteristic peak at about 155 to about 175eV, and more preferably, about 160 to about 170eV, when being measured by XPS.
  • the characteristic peak refers to a peak having intensity about ten times or more the background signal around the corresponding peak (white noise) to be easily differentiated by naked eyes, and the characteristic peak shown in about 155 to about 175eV, preferably, about 160 to about 170eV indicates binding energy by S2p of the sulfur atom, such that it may be confirmed that the functional group including the sulfur atom is introduced into the surface or the edge of the graphene.
  • the functionalized graphene may be prepared by the above-described method for preparing the functionalized graphene, such that more detailed description of the preparation method will be omitted.
  • the restacking phenomenon in which the graphene separated from the graphite is restacked to the graphite may be prevented due to the steric hindrance effect of the functional group introduced into the surface or the edge of the graphene, such that the graphene may have increased quality
  • polarity of the surface of the graphene is capable of being adjusted by hydrophilic electron donating elements and hydrophobic molecules, such that compatibility may be increased in accordance with the polarity of various matrixes (solution or solid), and therefore, excellent dispersibility may be shown.
  • a thio compound has a property of preventing corrosion against a metal, such that corrosion of the metal may be effectively prevented by using the barrier property of the prepared functionalized graphene.
  • the functionalized graphene is functionalized by high electron donating elements such as sulfur to increase electron and hole mobility, such that more improved electric conductivity may be shown as compared to graphene which is not functionalized.
  • the functionalized graphene may be effectively used in various fields such as barrier materials, lightweight materials, energy, batteries, electronics, electrics, semiconductors, displays, home appliances, mobile phones, nano-industries, biotechnologies, polymer composites, metal composites, paints, pastes, inks, water treatment, waste-water treatment, antistatic materials, electrostatic dispersion materials, conductive materials, electromagnetic wave shielding materials, electromagnetic wave absorbers, radio frequency (RF) absorbers, materials for solar cell, electrode materials for dye-sensitized-solar-cell (DSSC), electrical device materials, electronic device materials, semiconductor device materials, photoelectric device materials, notebook component materials, computer component materials, mobile phone component materials, PDA component materials, PSP component materials, component materials for game machine, housing materials, transparent electrode materials, opaque electrode materials, field emission display (FED) materials, back light unit (BLU) materials, liquid crystal display (LCD) materials, plasma display panel (PDP) materials, light emitting diode (LED) materials, touch panel materials, electronic quotation board materials, billboard materials, display
  • a graphite oxide was prepared by Hummers method.
  • Graphene was prepared by using an apparatus shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the pre-heated mixture was put into the reactor 300.
  • a deoxygenation reaction and a functionalization reaction of the graphene are performed under a subcritical condition while maintaining an inner portion of the reactor at a temperature of 350°C and a pressure of 250atm.
  • the product obtained after the reaction was completed was transferred into the heat exchanger 13 again and primarily cooled down at 200°C, and cooled down at 26°C through the cooling down system 15 again.
  • the cooled resultant product was filtered by filtering parts 501 and 502.
  • the product was continuously washed while injecting distilled water by the distilled feeding pump 16, then the pressure was released to 1 atm by pressure controlling systems 17 and 18, and the obtained graphene compound was recovered in product storing parts 511 and 512 including the filtering part.
  • 3.9g of functionalized graphene was obtained by the continuous process.
  • Example 2 The same process as Example 1 was performed except that the pre-heating temperature was 300°C, the reaction temperature was 380°C, and the reaction was performed in a supercritical condition, to obtain 3.5g of functionalized graphene in Example 2.
  • oxygen of the graphite oxide (5g) used in Example had a content of 40.1%(2.005g), that is, 0.125mol, and a molar ratio of the used functional compound (23.3g, 0.306mol) to the oxygen was 2.45.
  • Comparative Example 1 the largest amount of product to the graphite oxide used in the reaction was obtained. The reason is because reduction was not effectively performed in the graphene obtained by Comparative Example 1, such that a large content of oxygen was contained, and this may be confirmed from the content of oxygen atom of Comparative Example 1 which is significantly higher than those of Examples 1 and 2.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) of the graphene obtained by Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, respectively.
  • Example 1 peak was formed around 2700cm -1 but the peak was rarely shown in Comparative Example 1.
  • the peak is 2D peak indicating that the graphene was effectively exfoliated from the graphite, and degree of reduction was high, and therefore, it could be confirmed that high quality graphene was prepared in Example 1 as compared to Comparative Example 1.
  • Infrared spectrometry spectrum was measured by using the graphene obtained by Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Results obtained by the measurement were shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Example 4 it was observed that a peak at 3300cm -1 of hydroxy group, a peak at 1760cm -1 of carbonyl group, a peak at 1130cm -1 of C-O bond, and a peak of epoxy group shown in Comparative Example 1 were remarkably decreased in Example 1, such that it could be confirmed that reduction was effectively achieved in Example 1.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was measured by using the graphite oxide obtained by Preparation Example and the graphene obtained by Examples 1 and 2, and results obtained by the measurement were shown in FIG. 7 .
  • X-ray diffraction was measured by using the graphite oxide obtained by Preparation Example and the graphenes obtained by Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and results obtained by the measurement were shown in FIG. 8 .

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