EP3031691B1 - Dispositif d'épandage destiné à épandre du sable de freinage sur des véhicules sur rails - Google Patents

Dispositif d'épandage destiné à épandre du sable de freinage sur des véhicules sur rails Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3031691B1
EP3031691B1 EP15197912.7A EP15197912A EP3031691B1 EP 3031691 B1 EP3031691 B1 EP 3031691B1 EP 15197912 A EP15197912 A EP 15197912A EP 3031691 B1 EP3031691 B1 EP 3031691B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sand
air
spreading
connecting pipe
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15197912.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3031691A1 (fr
Inventor
Enno SCHULTE
Thomas Marks
Markus Jendrock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klein Anlagenbau AG
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Klein Anlagenbau AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
    • B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
    • B61C15/102—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials with sanding equipment of mechanical or fluid type, e.g. by means of steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spreader for a pneumatic discharge of brake sand to rail vehicles, with an air source and a sand container as a reservoir for the brake sand or the scattering agent, a spout at the lower end of the sand container, a connecting pipe to a proposed for luftbeaufschlagten stirring of the spreader mixing container forming a sand staircase and arranged on the mixing container discharge device for the selective discharge of the scattering means on the rail in front of the wheels.
  • Spreaders have been known for over 100 years and provide rail-mounted vehicles with air-assisted spreading of sand on the rails in front of the wheels to improve the traction and braking properties or prevent slipping or sliding of the wheels.
  • the scattering agent used is generally coarse natural quartz sand whose grain size distribution is designed for the mechanical requirements for increasing friction and for a reproducibly constant spread rate per unit time during pneumatic spreading.
  • a scattering agent ceramic sands or other free-flowing mineral particles in each case suitable particle size distribution and spread rate can be used.
  • the proposed spreader is advantageous for all sand-type or free-flowing Streuffenart suitable.
  • Known spreaders of another type generate a defined air pressure in the sand tank and promote with the resulting inter alia by pressure equalization flow an air-stray sand mixture, usually via a so-called sand staircase, by a corresponding discharge on the rail in front of the wheels.
  • a so-called sand staircase by a corresponding discharge on the rail in front of the wheels.
  • such systems operate with a lower air pressure, for example up to a maximum of 3 bar.
  • the compressor In a sealed housing, the compressor is arranged in or on the sand container, the pressure hose is guided in the sand container and ends at a distance from the riser, wherein the effluent from the pressure hose compressed air pushes the sand into and through the riser, whereupon the sand discharged through the downpipe becomes.
  • the relatively small cross-sectional area of the riser is intended to prevent unwanted sanding due to sand liquefaction by vehicle vibrations, but can also adversely effect that the sand in the riser can compact and tense.
  • a pneumatic sand spreader which is to be operated with air in the low pressure range of 0.5 bar, is from Offenlegungsschrift DE 41 22 032 A1 known.
  • a flanged to the sand container dosing a pot-shaped dosing.
  • the metering container protrudes through its bottom an outlet pipe whose upper end protrudes under a fixed bell at a distance from the inner bell bottom.
  • an air-permeable sintered metal plate is arranged, can be blown through the compressed air in the sand container and under the bell.
  • a pipe bend with downwardly facing opening and an exhaust air line which in turn is connected via an adjustable throttle with the outlet pipe.
  • the injected air flow is thus divided. Part of the air flows through the sand in the sand container and through the pipe bend, exhaust duct, throttle and outlet pipe into the open air. The other part of the air flows under the bell, should mobilize the sand and discharge through the outlet pipe into the open or on the rail.
  • the throttle is to indirectly control the respective distribution of the air flow quantity components.
  • a disadvantage of this spreader is that the sand depending on the filling level in the sand container by its own weight below the bell can compact and tense. Another drawback is that the amount of air passing through the elbow, exhaust duct, throttle and through the sand in the sand tank should flow, just depends on the level of sand in the sand container.
  • the object is therefore to provide a spreader, with the continuously discharged a uniform amount of free-flowing spreader and reliably blown on the rails in front of the wheels, in the air with relatively little pressure for reliable blowing or discharging the sand is needed and with the unwanted escape of sand or litter when not in use of the spreader is largely excluded.
  • an enclosed mixing container 5 is arranged below the sand container 3.
  • a connecting pipe 6 protrudes from the sand container into the mixing container from above, through which sand or scattering agent 2 can trickle or flow out of the sand container into the mixing container by its own weight force.
  • an air supply line 41 leads to the air inlet 55 of the mixing container 5.
  • the scattering agent flowing in from the sand container is mobilized or mixed with the supplied air and the air-scattering agent mixture from an outlet 57 through a connected discharge device 7, for Example with a sanding hose or sanding pipe, discharged from the spreader.
  • a ventilation floor 54 is arranged between bottom 52 of the mixing container 5 and outlet opening 61 of the connecting pipe 6.
  • the air inlet 55 is located between the ventilation floor and the bottom of the mixing container.
  • the outlet 57 for the scattering agent or air-scattering agent mixture is located above the ventilation floor. To form a sand staircase, the outlet 57 is located above the outlet opening 61 of the connecting pipe.
  • the lid 51 of the mixing container can constructively advantageously form the bottom of the sand container 3, so that the outlet opening 31 of the sand container coincides with the top of the lid.
  • the cover can also form a structural unit with the connecting pipe 6 and the upper opening of the connecting pipe can coincide with the outlet opening of the sand container.
  • sand container 3 trickles or flows the free-flowing litter due to gravity from the sand container 3 through the connecting pipe 6 in the mixing vessel 5.
  • the construction of sand container 3, connecting pipe 6 and mixing vessel 5 thus shows the effect of an hourglass, of which it is known that always the same amount Sand per unit of time passes through the constriction between the upper and lower container regardless of the level of sand in the upper container.
  • suitable choice of the free flow cross section of the outlet opening 61 of the connecting pipe or the connecting pipe itself also the design possibility to limit the maximum possible flow rate of the scattering means to a selectable upper level.
  • the outlet opening 61 is preferably formed by the arrangement of a collar or other pinhole construction with respect to the connecting pipe itself narrows. It makes use of the known in geotechnical "trapdoor effect" advantage.
  • the rearrangement of the effective stresses due to vault formation of the sand particles in the connecting pipe immediately above the narrowed outlet opening 61 causes a reduction in the weight of the spreader in the connecting pipe 6 on the sand in the mixing container below the outlet opening 61.
  • This allows a sand staircase with very shallow step or realize very little difference in height between the outlet 57 and outlet opening 61, without being able to overcome the sand stairs unintentionally by the effect of shock or vibration scattering agent.
  • the ratio of length to clear diameter or to the flow cross-section of the connecting pipe is advantageously chosen so that even with almost empty sand container in the connecting pipe still a stable sand plug with quasi-static arching effect can form over the outlet opening 61.
  • the advantageous formation of a sanding plug or a sufficient arching effect is achieved in intended connecting tubes with a round cross-section already from a ratio of the tube length above a narrowed outlet opening to the clear diameter of about 1.0.
  • the condition applies to cross-sectional equivalents or mean diameters, analogously.
  • the ventilation floor is preferably made of a sintered metal plate or a grid construction and is designed such that on the one hand, the scattering agent can be deposited completely above the ventilation floor, but air from the air inlet 55 and possibly existing air pollution can pass through the ventilation floor from bottom to top.
  • the distance between the outlet opening 61 to the ventilation floor 54 and the inside diameter of the mixing container 5 are dimensioned so that the ventilation floor is practically always covered in a defined minimum layer thickness with scattering agent.
  • the distance between outlet opening 61 and aeration bottom 54 is preferably smaller than the inside width of the mixing container 5, so that the scattering agent in the mixing container can not be tamped by its own weight and any shock or vibration to a graft.
  • a horizontal scattering surface is advantageously located only slightly above the outlet opening 61 in the mixing container 5.
  • the height position of the outlet 57 for the scattering means is therefore advantageously selected so that essentially no scattering agent can pass into the outlet 57 from the scattering agent layer possibly moved by vibration.
  • the elevation of the outlet 57 to form a very shallow sandstep is chosen to be so low that upon aeration of the litter layer from below and consequently through buoyancy, loosening, expansion or density reduction of the litter layer, the surface of the litter layer is raised above the height level of the sandstair.
  • mobilized grains of sand are flowing from the outlet 57 Extracted exhaust air, as well as tends to horizontally to the outlet 57 and moved over the sand stairs.
  • the sand container 3 is designed as airtight as possible, so that the incoming air from the source 4 air as controlled as possible and can be fully used to mobilize and blow out the scattering means or the preset stationary scattering agent flow through any secondary air losses, through the connecting pipe and out of sand container openings, not influenced uncontrollably.
  • the pneumatic spreader in a simple manner so robust that due to the system a predetermined upper limit of the amount of scattering agent is advantageously never exceeded.
  • a guide device 63 is arranged on the ventilation floor 54 in the region below the outlet opening 61.
  • the guide is designed so that the effluent from the connecting pipe scattering means is deflected horizontally or radially and consequently deposits on the ventilation floor in a uniform layer thickness as possible.
  • the guide 63 is advantageously designed so that the inflowing air from below passed around the guide and therefore does not blow directly into the outlet opening 61 of the connecting pipe. Rather, with stationary air flow as a result of the Venturi effect, a reduced overpressure in the connecting pipe 6 and in the sand container 3 occurs or it becomes at least a larger "air accumulation overpressure" in the connecting pipe and sand container by direct air irradiation of the outlet opening 61 avoided.
  • the further discharge of the sand-air mixture from the mixing vessel 5 is carried out in a manner known in the art by means of thin-flow conveyor through outlet 57 and discharge 7.
  • the desired amount of discharged scattering agent can in principle known manner on the dimensions of the structural components and by interpretation of be controlled advantageously pneumatic system.
  • a heater is additionally arranged in particular for the pneumatic discharge of particularly moisture-sensitive scattering means, which keeps the scattering means by heat supply free-flowing.
  • connecting pipe 6 and cover 51 of the mixing container together to achieve a larger heat storage or to heat the scattering means 2 in the sand container 3, preferably in the vicinity of the outlet opening 31 of the sand container, if necessary, and thus to keep flowing.
  • a heat insulation between heated connecting pipe 6 with cover 51 and the remaining construction of the mixing container 5 may be arranged.
  • the proposed spreader can thus be set advantageously also for operation with a scattering agent, which may be more sensitive to moisture than coarse quartz sand in its mineral composition or with the operation of the spreader is associated with more economical consumption or with lower particulate matter discharge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif d'épandage (1) destiné à épandre de manière pneumatique un produit d'épandage pouvant s'écouler (2) sur des véhicules ferroviaires, constitué au moins d'un récipient de sable (3) avec une ouverture de sortie (31) et d'un tube de raccordement (6) à l'extrémité inférieure du réservoir de sable avec une ouverture de sortie supplémentaire (61) à l'extrémité inférieure du tube de raccordement, d'un récipient de mélange (5) fermé de manière étanche à l'air essentiellement de tous les côtés par un couvercle (51) et un fond (52) avec un fond de ventilation situé à l'intérieur (54) et une sortie (57) avec un dispositif d'évacuation (7) s'y raccordant pour le produit d'épandage, d'une source d'air (4) avec une conduite d'air (41) qui conduit à une entrée d'air (55) dans le récipient de mélange, ainsi que d'un escalier à sable, le récipient de sable, en tant que réservoir, contenant le produit d'épandage et le produit d'épandage pouvant s'écouler sous l'effet de la force de pesanteur à travers l'ouverture de sortie (31) dans le tube de raccordement et à travers l'ouverture de sortie supplémentaire (61) dans le récipient de mélange et pouvant s'accumuler sur le fond de ventilation, l'ouverture de sortie (61) au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure du tube de raccordement, formant l'escalier à sable, étant située plus bas que la sortie (57) du récipient de mélange, l'entrée d'air (55) étant disposée sous le fond de ventilation et le produit d'épandage accumulé sur le fond de ventilation pouvant être parcouru de bas en haut par de l'air provenant de la source d'air et le produit d'épandage mobilisé (2) pouvant être évacué en tant que mélange de produit d'épandage et d'air à travers le dispositif d'évacuation (7) hors du dispositif d'épandage (1).
  2. Dispositif d'épandage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de sortie est rétrécie par rapport à la section transversale intérieure de tube du tube de raccordement de telle sorte que le produit d'épandage (2), lorsque le dispositif d'épandage n'est pas en fonctionnement, puisse se compacter ou se tasser dans le tube de raccordement directement au-dessus de l'ouverture de sortie rétrécie pour former un tampon, et de telle sorte que lorsque le dispositif d'épandage fonctionne pneumatiquement, la quantité de produit d'épandage s'écoulant soit limitée, selon le principe de fonctionnement d'un sablier, à une limite supérieure quantitative définie.
  3. Dispositif d'épandage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la distance verticale de l'ouverture de sortie (61) au fond de ventilation (54) par rapport aux dimensions intérieures horizontales libres du récipient de mélange (5) est choisie de manière à être suffisamment petite pour que le produit d'épandage s'accumulant sur le fond de ventilation avec l'épaisseur de couche correspondante ne puisse pas se compacter ou se tasser pour former un tampon sous l'effet de son propre poids ou des vibrations.
  4. Dispositif d'épandage selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (51) du récipient de mélange, le fond du récipient de sable et le tube de raccordement sont en liaison fonctionnelle thermoconductrice et peuvent être chauffés au moyen d'une source de chaleur.
  5. Dispositif d'épandage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le couvercle (51) du récipient de mélange, le fond du récipient de sable et le tube de raccordement sont isolés thermiquement par rapport à toutes les autres pièces constructives du dispositif d'épandage de telle sorte qu'il ne se produise essentiellement aucune propagation de chaleur indésirable vers les autres pièces constructives.
  6. Dispositif d'épandage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif conducteur (63) est disposé au niveau du fond de ventilation de telle sorte que l'air circulant à travers le produit d'épandage soit guidé autour de l'ouverture de sortie (61) ou au moins ne vienne pas directement frapper l'ouverture de sortie.
  7. Dispositif d'épandage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la source d'air (4) est configurée sous forme de pompe à air générant une pression d'air de 1 bar au maximum.
EP15197912.7A 2014-12-09 2015-12-04 Dispositif d'épandage destiné à épandre du sable de freinage sur des véhicules sur rails Active EP3031691B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201420105936 DE202014105936U1 (de) 2014-12-09 2014-12-09 Streueinrichtung für das Ausbringen von Bremssand an schienengebundenen Fahrzeugen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3031691A1 EP3031691A1 (fr) 2016-06-15
EP3031691B1 true EP3031691B1 (fr) 2017-05-31

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EP15197912.7A Active EP3031691B1 (fr) 2014-12-09 2015-12-04 Dispositif d'épandage destiné à épandre du sable de freinage sur des véhicules sur rails

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US (1) US9950712B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3031691B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202014105936U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017205622A1 (de) 2017-04-03 2018-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dosiereinrichtung für eine Sandstreuanlage eines Schienenfahrzeugs
DE102020122640B3 (de) * 2020-08-31 2021-10-14 Knorr-Bremse Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung Pneumatische sandfördereinrichtung für ein sandungssystem eines schienenfahrzeugs, sandungssystem und verfahren zum betreiben einer pneumatischen sandfördereinrichtung
CN112092837A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-18 霍伸伸 一种城市轨道交通用加热型撒砂设备
RU209094U1 (ru) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-01 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уральские локомотивы" Регулятор подачи песка

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE403433C (de) 1924-09-30 Knorr Bremse Akt Ges Druckluftsandstreuer fuer Lokomotiven u. dgl.
US682150A (en) * 1901-01-25 1901-09-03 Nichols Lintern Company Track-sander.
US727030A (en) * 1902-07-08 1903-05-05 Benjamin C Tilghman Jr Sand-blast machinery.
US834108A (en) * 1904-02-15 1906-10-23 Gen Electric Track-sander.
US1404904A (en) * 1921-07-22 1922-01-31 Spencer Charles Sanding device for railways and the like
US2725247A (en) * 1952-02-01 1955-11-29 Monarch Equipment Co Sand trap and clean-out
CH385905A (fr) 1962-03-20 1964-12-31 Llubera Soler Jose Sablière à air comprimé pour véhicules à moteurs sur rails
DE2911075A1 (de) * 1979-03-21 1980-09-25 Knorr Bremse Gmbh Dosiereinrichtung fuer eine sandungsanlage eines fahrzeuges
DE8328423U1 (de) 1983-10-03 1984-04-19 IBEG Maschinen- und Gerätebau GmbH, 4370 Marl Sandstreueinrichtung fuer schienenfahrzeuge
DE4122032A1 (de) 1991-02-15 1992-08-20 Knorr Bremse Ag Sandungsanlage fuer fahrzeuge, insbesondere schienenfahrzeuge
DE4114515A1 (de) 1991-05-03 1992-11-05 Knorr Bremse Ag Sandstreueinrichtung fuer schienenfahrzeuge
DE29713382U1 (de) 1997-07-28 1998-11-26 Duewag Ag Sandstreueinrichtung für Schienenfahrzeuge
US6976713B2 (en) 2003-02-18 2005-12-20 Tom Kish Apparatus for use in applying granular material to a rail
CN203567722U (zh) * 2013-11-20 2014-04-30 宁波国创机车装备有限公司 机车用撒砂器
DE202014004632U1 (de) 2014-06-10 2014-08-29 Klein Anlagenbau Ag Streueinrichtung für das Ausbringen von Schüttgut, insbesondere von Bremssand, an schienengebundenen Fahrzeugen

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Publication number Publication date
DE202014105936U1 (de) 2015-02-25
US9950712B2 (en) 2018-04-24
EP3031691A1 (fr) 2016-06-15
US20160159371A1 (en) 2016-06-09

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