EP3005391B1 - Tastenstössel für ein tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur, tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur und verfahren zum herstellen desselben - Google Patents

Tastenstössel für ein tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur, tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur und verfahren zum herstellen desselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3005391B1
EP3005391B1 EP14721377.1A EP14721377A EP3005391B1 EP 3005391 B1 EP3005391 B1 EP 3005391B1 EP 14721377 A EP14721377 A EP 14721377A EP 3005391 B1 EP3005391 B1 EP 3005391B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
key
module
tappet
section
key tappet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14721377.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3005391A1 (de
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Electronics GmbH
Original Assignee
ZF Electronics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Electronics GmbH filed Critical ZF Electronics GmbH
Publication of EP3005391A1 publication Critical patent/EP3005391A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3005391B1 publication Critical patent/EP3005391B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/04—Cases; Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/20—Driving mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/50—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a single operating member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H01H13/704—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by the layers, e.g. by their material or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H01H13/705—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by construction, mounting or arrangement of operating parts, e.g. push-buttons or keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2229/00—Manufacturing
    • H01H2229/044—Injection moulding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2237/00—Mechanism between key and laykey
    • H01H2237/006—Guided plunger or ball

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a key board for a key module of a key for a keyboard, to a key module of a key for a keyboard, and to a method of manufacturing a key module for a key for a keyboard.
  • keyboards for, for example, computers or the like, key switches with sockets, contact pieces, contactors, etc. are usually used for the individual keys.
  • An example of a key switch is in the DE 37 13 775 C2 discloses in particular an adaptation of a pressure point of an MX module will be described.
  • the FR 2 169 812 A1 discloses a pushbutton having a sensing device movably disposed between an extended and a depressed position within a hollow housing, biased by a return spring into the deployed position, and a switch disposed opposite the housing.
  • a key element is shown with an upwardly open housing upper part and a displaceably mounted in the upper housing part plunger, the plunger and the guide opening in the upper housing part almost cylindrical guide contours, with a longitudinal web and a longitudinal groove as rotation.
  • the present invention provides an improved keytop for a key module of a key for a keyboard, an improved key module of a key for a keyboard, and an improved method of producing a key module for a key for a keyboard, according to the main claims.
  • Advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below.
  • a key press for a key module of a key for a keyboard may be configured such that the key follower does not have any draft burrs on sliding surfaces for sliding in the key module.
  • a key module in particular MX module
  • the key tappet may, for example, have particularly smooth sliding surfaces or sliding surfaces with minimized surface roughness.
  • a key module, in particular an MX module can be provided with a key tappet specially adapted for improved sliding characteristics.
  • standard parts for the key module can still be used.
  • the key tappet can for example be installed in a standard MX module.
  • only modifications to the guide section or the sliding section of the key tappet are favorably made, with the remaining individual parts of the key module being standard parts.
  • a standard module assembly in particular a standard MX module assembly, for example, a circuit board assembly or frame assembly done.
  • MX production machines only a slight change may have to be made to a key tappet feed in order to produce the key module with the improved key tappet.
  • Other standard features of the key module such as an MX module, advantageously remain unchanged.
  • the key tappet in a receiving portion of a module housing of the key module can be accurately recorded or recorded slidably. This results in a reduction of the guide clearance in the operation by an advantageous reduction of tolerances. Minimized tolerances between the key tappet and the receiving section as well as a switching point result in high switching accuracy, short switching travel, a quickly achieved switching point, a short total travel, fast downshifting and a minimized tendency of the button to tilt and turn.
  • the key tappet may be formed along an actuating axis with a suitable length dimension, to allow a short total distance and a quick switchback. With such a key tappet, the feel of the key for a user improves, as the key is pressed, both the switching point is reached faster and the total path is reduced.
  • a particularly advantageous key tappet for a key module of a key for a keyboard has a coupling portion for coupling a keytop of the key and a guide portion for guiding the key tappet in a receiving portion of the key module upon actuation of the key tappet, and is characterized in that the guide portion has at least one sliding portion for sliding in the receiving portion of the key module in the operation of the key tappet, wherein demolding of the key tappet conditional demolding burrs of the key tappet are arranged outside the at least one sliding portion.
  • a keyboard may have at least one key, with one key module per key.
  • a key may comprise the key module or be formed by the key module.
  • the key module may be, for example, a so-called MX module or the like.
  • MX module By using or incorporating the aforementioned key module in a keyboard, friction between the key tappet and the receiving portion can be minimized upon actuation of the key.
  • the key top may represent an operator visible and depressible portion of the key module.
  • the coupling portion of the key tappet is mechanically coupled to the key top. In an assembled state of the key module, the guide portion of the key tappet may be at least partially movably received in the receiving portion of the key module along an operation axis of the key tappet.
  • the guide portion may be configured to, upon actuation, guide the key tappet in the receiving portion to a linear path of movement within a tolerance range.
  • the at least one sliding portion may have a substantially planar surface of the key tappet in the guide portion. In this case, the at least one sliding section be adapted to contact a surface of the receiving portion of the key module and to be slidable along the receiving portion.
  • the guide section may have at least one rounded edge which is arranged in a region of the at least one sliding section.
  • the guide portion may be surface-treated at least in the at least one sliding portion to minimize surface roughness.
  • at least one surface of the guide section may be polished at least in the at least one sliding section or the like.
  • the guide section may comprise a plastic material which has been surface-finished at least in one section, for example exclusively or inter alia a polyoxymethylene (POM) with surface refinement.
  • POM polyoxymethylene
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that in the case of a key tappet, an improvement in the sliding properties relative to the key module and a reduction in the surface roughness can be achieved.
  • This advantage can also be achieved, in particular, essentially independently of an inserted material of the guide section.
  • a material used by default with key plungers or their guide section with subsequent surface finishing can be used.
  • At least the guide section may be formed from a friction-minimizing plastic material or from a plastic material with a friction-minimizing additive.
  • the friction-minimizing plastic material or the plastic material with the friction-minimizing additive has a particularly low surface roughness.
  • the additive can bring about improved sliding properties, the additive in particular being free of oil or fat.
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a key tappet with improved sliding properties and improved surface roughness of the guide portion can be realized. It can advantageously a friction-minimizing property of the guide section are already taken into account on the material side.
  • the at least one sliding section can extend along an actuating axis of the key tappet over at least two thirds of a dimension of the guide section along the actuating axis.
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that such a length dimension of the at least one guide section can lead to a high guiding accuracy and a small guide play of the key tappet in the receiving section of the key module.
  • a particularly advantageous key module of a key for a keyboard has a module housing with a receiving portion for receiving a key tappet, and is characterized in that the key module comprises an embodiment of the aforementioned key tappet, wherein the guide portion of the key tappet is receivable in the receiving portion of the key module ,
  • a version or variant of the key tappet described above may be advantageously used to effect an improvement in the sliding characteristics of the key tappet in the key module.
  • a dimension of the at least one sliding section along an actuating axis of the key tappet and a dimension of the receiving section along the actuation axis can be coordinated so that upon actuation of the key tappet between a rest position and an actuating position with respect to the module housing the majority of at least one sliding portion of the key tappet is disposed within the receiving portion of the module housing.
  • the at least one sliding portion along at least one half of its dimension with respect to the actuating axis during operation against the receiving portion may be arranged fitting. The rest position of the key tappet or the key module or the key can be unloaded or not depressed state of the key correspond.
  • the operating position of the key tappet or the key module or the key may correspond to a loaded or depressed state of the key.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage that when the key tappet is actuated, a high degree of guidance accuracy and a small guide play of the key tappet can be achieved in the receiving portion of the key module.
  • the method can be advantageously carried out in conjunction with a version or variant of the key tappet or key module described above.
  • a version or variant of the key module described above can be manufactured with advantageous, improved sliding properties of the key tappet in the key module.
  • At least in the at least one sliding portion of the guide portion may be surface-treated to minimize a surface roughness.
  • at least the at least one sliding section can be polished or otherwise surface-finished.
  • Such an embodiment offers the advantage that the key tappet with such a surface-treated guide section has particularly good sliding properties with regard to the actuation of the key tappet.
  • Such a surface treatment is a convenient way to provide key tappets made of, for example, commonly used material with improved sliding properties.
  • At least the guide portion of the key tappet may be formed of a friction-minimizing plastic material or a plastic material having a friction-minimizing additive.
  • the friction-minimizing plastic material or the plastic material may be suitably selected with the friction-minimizing additive with regard to a formation of a sliding surface with a friction-minimizing property.
  • the key tappet due to suitable material selection, has particularly good sliding properties with regard to the actuation of the key tappet.
  • a subsequent surface treatment of the at least one sliding section can be dispensed with, either to minimize the production outlay, or, in addition, a surface treatment of at least one sliding section can be carried out for still further improving the sliding properties.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a key module 100.
  • the key module 100 has a module housing 105 with a module base 110, a module cover 120 and a receiving portion 130 and a key tappet 140 with a coupling portion 150 and a guide portion 160.
  • the key module 100 is part of a key for a keyboard, for example.
  • the key module 100 is, for example, that in the FIGS. 3A and 3B shown and described key module or a similar key module.
  • the key tappet 140 is, for example, in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B shown and described key tappet or a similar key tappet.
  • the module base 110 and the module cover 120 are coupled together.
  • the module base 110 and the module cover 120 form the module housing 105 of the key module 100.
  • the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100 is formed as a slot extending from the module cover 120 through at least a portion of the module housing 105 of the key module 100.
  • the key tappet 140 is partially received in the receiving portion 130.
  • the coupling portion 150 of the key tappet 140 is at least partially disposed outside of the module housing 105 of the key module 100.
  • the coupling portion 150 is formed to allow coupling of a keytop.
  • the guide portion 160 of the key tappet 140 is at least partially received in the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100.
  • the key tappet 140 Upon actuation, the key tappet 140 is movable relative to the module housing 105 of the key module 100 formed by the module base 110 and the module cover 120. Even if it is in Fig. 1 is not explicitly seen, an actuating axis of the key tappet 140, along which the key tappet 140 is movable upon actuation, extends along a longitudinal axis of the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100.
  • Fig. 2A shows a perspective view of a key tappet 140 according to an embodiment of the present invention for an action module of a key of a keyboard.
  • the key tappet 140 has a coupling portion 150, a guide portion 160 and a plurality of sliding portions 262 and sliding surfaces, of which only by way of example and illustration in Fig. 2A four sliding portions 262 are shown.
  • the key tappet 140 is, for example, the key tappet of the key module Fig. 1 ,
  • the key tappet 140 has a rectangular base plane from which the coupling portion 150 extends in a first direction and the guide portion 160 extends in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
  • the coupling portion 150 has a cross-shaped outline and is extruded from the base in the first direction.
  • the guide portion 160 has an outer portion extruded into the second direction from four side walls and a cylindrical portion extruded in the second direction and at least partially surrounded by the outer portion.
  • the inside section is in the representation of Fig. 2A obscured by the outer section, but in the representation of Fig. 2B recognizable.
  • the sliding portions 262 are disposed on the outer portion of the guide portion 160.
  • the sliding portions 262 are according to the in Fig. 2A daroisen embodiment of the present invention formed as a polished guide surfaces. In this case, the sliding portions 262 are formed to allow upon actuation of the key tappet 140, a sliding friction-relative movement between the key tappet and a key module.
  • the guide section 160 has a first end region facing the coupling section 150 and adjacent to the base surface. Also, the guide portion 160 has a second end portion facing away from the coupling portion 150 and the base.
  • the sliding portions 262 extend from the first end portion of the guide portion 160 on an outer side of the key tappet 140 toward the second end portion of the guide portion 160. For example, the sliding portions 262 extend over at least two-thirds of a dimension of the guide portion 160 between the first end portion and the second end portion.
  • Fig. 2B shows another perspective view of the key tappet 140 Fig. 2A , Here, from the key tappet 140, there are shown the coupling portion 150, the guide portion 160, which extruded cylindrically, at least partially thereof Outside portion surrounded inner portion of the guide portion 160 in the form of a pin 264 and rounded edges 266th
  • the pin 264 represents another sliding portion of the guide portion 160.
  • the rounded edges 266 are disposed on the outer portion of the guide portion 160 in the region of the sliding portions, particularly at least in the second end portion of the guide portion 160. Further, the pin 264 is in the second end portion of the guide portion 160 has a rounded edge 266.
  • Fig. 3A shows a partial perspective view of a key module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention in an oblique view.
  • the key module 100 is part of a key for a keyboard, for example.
  • the module housing 105 is the module housing 105 Fig. 1 or a similar module housing.
  • the key tappet 140 is the key tappet Fig. 2A respectively.
  • Fig. 2B shows a partial perspective view of a key module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention in an oblique view.
  • the key module 100 is part of a key for a keyboard, for example.
  • the module housing 105 is the module housing
  • the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100 is formed as a slot extending from the module cover 120 through at least a portion of the module housing 105 of the key module 100.
  • the module cover 120 of the module housing 105 is coupled, for example, with a module base, even if this is due to the presentation in Fig. 3A not shown.
  • the key tappet 140 is partially received in the receiving portion 130.
  • the coupling portion 150 of the key tappet 140 is at least partially disposed outside of the module housing 105 of the key module 100.
  • Of the Coupling portion 150 is formed to allow coupling of a keytop.
  • the guide portion 160 of the key tappet 140 is at least partially received in the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100.
  • an actuating axis of the key tappet 140 extends along a longitudinal axis of the receiving portion 130 of the key module 100.
  • a plurality of - only exemplary four - guide elements 332 are arranged in the receiving portion 130.
  • the guide elements 332 are formed as projections.
  • the guide elements 332 are arranged, for example, in the region of the sliding sections of the outer section of the guide section 160 of the key tappet 140 when the button tappet 140 is arranged in the receiving section 130.
  • the sliding portions of the guide portion 160 of the key tappet 140 are arranged adjacent to the guide elements 332.
  • Fig. 3B shows a perspective view of the key module 100 Fig. 3A in a bottom view with the module socket removed.
  • the module cover 120 of the module housing the receiving portion 130 and sliding portions 262 and the pin 264 of the key tappet shown.
  • the slide portions 262 extend from the first end portion of the guide portion of the key tappet, for example, to the second end portion of the guide portion of the key tappet.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of a method 400 for making a key module of a keyboard key according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 400 includes a step 410 of providing a key tappet and a module housing having a receiving portion for receiving the key tappet.
  • the key tappet is a key tappet such as one of the key tappets of any of the FIGS. 2A to 3B .
  • the method 400 includes a step 420 of disposing the guide portion of the key tappet in the receiving portion of the module housing such that upon actuation of the key tappet, the at least one sliding portion of the guide portion of the key tappet slides in the receiving portion of the module housing.
  • a key module such as one of the key modules may be selected from one of the key modules FIGS. 3A and 3B be made advantageous.
  • step 410 of providing the key plungers at least in the at least one sliding portion of the guide portion is surface-treated to minimize surface roughness.
  • at least the guide portion of the key tappet is formed from a friction-minimizing plastic material or from a plastic material with a friction-minimizing additive.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Input From Keyboards Or The Like (AREA)
EP14721377.1A 2013-06-07 2014-05-05 Tastenstössel für ein tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur, tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur und verfahren zum herstellen desselben Active EP3005391B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013210609.2A DE102013210609A1 (de) 2013-06-07 2013-06-07 Tastenstößel für ein Tastenmodul einer Taste für eine Tastatur, Tastenmodul einer Taste für eine Tastatur und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben
PCT/EP2014/059042 WO2014195069A1 (de) 2013-06-07 2014-05-05 TASTENSTÖßEL FÜR EIN TASTENMODUL EINER TASTE FÜR EINE TASTATUR, TASTENMODUL EINER TASTE FÜR EINE TASTATUR UND VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN DESSELBEN

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3005391A1 EP3005391A1 (de) 2016-04-13
EP3005391B1 true EP3005391B1 (de) 2017-07-12

Family

ID=50639532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14721377.1A Active EP3005391B1 (de) 2013-06-07 2014-05-05 Tastenstössel für ein tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur, tastenmodul einer taste für eine tastatur und verfahren zum herstellen desselben

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10468210B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3005391B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2016520242A (zh)
KR (1) KR102138309B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN204167170U (zh)
DE (1) DE102013210609A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014195069A1 (zh)

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DE102013210609A1 (de) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-11 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Tastenstößel für ein Tastenmodul einer Taste für eine Tastatur, Tastenmodul einer Taste für eine Tastatur und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben
WO2017174074A1 (de) 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Cherry Gmbh TASTENSTÖßEL FÜR EINE TASTE EINER TASTATUR UND TASTE FÜR EINE TASTATUR
KR101956432B1 (ko) * 2016-11-03 2019-03-08 현대자동차주식회사 터치입력장치
DE102016121381A1 (de) 2016-11-08 2018-05-09 Cherry Gmbh Aufsteckelement zum Aufstecken auf ein Tastenmodul für eine Taste einer Tastatur und Tastenmodul für eine Taste einer Tastatur
DE102016123239A1 (de) 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Cherry Gmbh Tastenmodul für eine Taste einer Tastatur und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Tastenmoduls für eine Taste einer Tastatur
DE202018101604U1 (de) 2017-03-23 2018-04-04 Cherry Gmbh Tastenmodul für eine Taste einer Tastatur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014195069A1 (de) 2014-12-11
CN104241000A (zh) 2014-12-24
EP3005391A1 (de) 2016-04-13
CN104241000B (zh) 2018-01-12
CN204167170U (zh) 2015-02-18
US20160133403A1 (en) 2016-05-12
US10468210B2 (en) 2019-11-05
KR20160016823A (ko) 2016-02-15
JP2016520242A (ja) 2016-07-11
DE102013210609A1 (de) 2014-12-11
KR102138309B1 (ko) 2020-07-27

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