EP2925938A1 - Élément de revêtement pour un bâtiment - Google Patents

Élément de revêtement pour un bâtiment

Info

Publication number
EP2925938A1
EP2925938A1 EP13780055.3A EP13780055A EP2925938A1 EP 2925938 A1 EP2925938 A1 EP 2925938A1 EP 13780055 A EP13780055 A EP 13780055A EP 2925938 A1 EP2925938 A1 EP 2925938A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cladding element
element according
boundary surface
wall
inner part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13780055.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2925938B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Lasselsberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lb Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
Lb Engineering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lb Engineering GmbH filed Critical Lb Engineering GmbH
Priority to RS20170418A priority Critical patent/RS55988B1/sr
Priority to SI201330587A priority patent/SI2925938T1/sl
Publication of EP2925938A1 publication Critical patent/EP2925938A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2925938B1 publication Critical patent/EP2925938B1/fr
Priority to HRP20170629TT priority patent/HRP20170629T1/hr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E04B1/7645—Exterior insulation of exterior walls with ventilation means for the insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cladding element, in particular a plate-shaped cladding element for a building or for a wall of a building, with an inner wall-side boundary surface and an outer, wall facing away boundary surface.
  • the invention relates to a wall cladding consisting of a number of such cladding elements.
  • the building wall is clad on its outside with cladding elements, for example, with insulation boards made of polystyrene. This insulation reduces the building heat loss through the outer wall.
  • the cladding elements are plastered (i.e., a putty is applied to the cladding elements, then a reinforcement, a further putty, primer and finally the plaster layer) and thus also form a weather protection for the building.
  • cladding panels Another requirement placed on such cladding panels is that they must be capable of adequately diffusing water vapor from inside the building to ensure that little or no condensation can form. Excessive condensation can cause damage to the wall and mold indoors.
  • the insulating properties of the cladding element should be preserved.
  • a cladding element mentioned above in that according to the invention between the inner boundary surface and the outer Limiting surface is arranged at least one cavity, which extends at least one cavity from a lower mounting surface in the mounting surface of the cladding element to an upper boundary surface of the cladding element, and wherein further at least one perforation is provided, which starting from the wall-side boundary surface into the at least one Cavity extends.
  • a ventilated facade can be realized, in which in the cavities of superposed cladding elements water vapor that passes through the holes in the cladding elements of the building in the cavities, rises upwards in the cavities and in the top of the building exits the top cladding elements and is thus easily and safely removed from the building.
  • two or preferably a plurality of cavities extending from the lower to the upper boundary surface, between the inner and the outer boundary surface are provided.
  • the cavities are distributed uniformly over the width of the cladding element.
  • the at least one cavity in a state of the cladding element fixed to a building wall is substantially straight and preferably substantially vertically running.
  • a straight-line configuration makes it possible to design the cavities in the form of channels and form as short and without curvature, so that the water vapor can be dissipated quickly.
  • the channels are preferably vertical trained, but it may also be possible depending on the design that they take a certain inclination to the vertical.
  • the perforations are distributed uniformly over the width and / or height of the cladding element.
  • the water vapor over the entire surface of the cladding element can be dissipated uniformly.
  • the perforations are normal to the inner wall boundary surface.
  • the cladding element has a two-part construction and is formed from a building-side inner part and a building-facing outer part, and wherein the inner part and the outer part are spaced apart by means of spacers.
  • the spacers When connecting the inner part to the outer part, the spacers form one or more cavities between the two parts in the interior of the cladding element.
  • Such a cladding element can be made easier than when manufactured from only one part, are to be arranged in the interior cavities.
  • the above-mentioned decoupling of the interior and exterior of the cladding element is particularly well in such a two-part construction of the cladding element to fruition.
  • the inner part is statically not or less stressed and other influences, such as weather conditions not exposed, so that the insulating properties of the inner part are not reduced by such stress.
  • the perforations are arranged on the inner part and pass through the inner part of the building-side inner boundary surface to its outer surface facing the outer part.
  • the spacers are arranged such that the one or more cavities are formed as extending from bottom to top, preferably straight, in particular substantially vertical channels between the inner part and the outer part.
  • the spacers - in the assembled state of the cladding element - not connected to the inner part or preferably with the outer part preferably are made in one piece with the inner part or outer part.
  • spacers, inner part and outer part can be designed as separate components. In order to limit the number of components and to simplify the assembly, it is, however, advantageous if the spacers are connected to the inner part or the outer part, preferably in one piece with this.
  • spacers could also be arranged on both parts, but it is simpler in manufacture and in assembly if the spacers (in the assembled state of the cladding element) are arranged only on one component.
  • these are mounted on the outer part and formed integrally therewith, since the outer part, as further explained below, preferably has a higher strength than the inner part, and thus also the spacers have a higher strength.
  • the spacers are formed as continuous, extending from the upper boundary surface to the lower boundary surface webs. In this way, continuous, from top to bottom extending channels are formed, which are separated from each other.
  • the spacers in the form of projecting from the inner part or preferably the outer part for example cylindrical or in the form of a cylinder stub, such as a circular cylindrical stump formed projections are formed.
  • extensions or nubs may basically have any cross-sectional shape, e.g. a circular cross-section, angular, e.g. have rectangular cross section, wherein in a specific embodiment, a circular cylinder stump is provided with a circular base.
  • the spacers in the form of extensions are distributed substantially uniformly over an outer surface of the inner part or over an inner surface of the outer part.
  • the cladding element When using such "discrete" spacers in the form of protrusions or nubs, the cladding element has no internally closed channels in its interior, but the (substantially) vertical channels are interconnected by transversely extending channels the individual spacer compared to the surface of the outer surface of the inner part or to the inner surface of the outer part (whose surfaces are identical to the boundary surfaces of the cladding element), the more dissolves the structure of a plurality of individual channels and then there is essentially a single cavity between the two components, which extends from bottom to top, this cavity being penetrated by the spacers.
  • a structure in the form of one or more depressions is provided on the boundary surface remote from the wall and / or the boundary surface facing the wall.
  • These recesses are provided, for example in the form of elongated incisions which intersect in a honeycomb arrangement, on the outside and / or the inside of the cladding element and lead to a better adhesion of the Filling and thus the external plaster (on the outside) and a better grip of the adhesive (adhesive mortar) on the inside, with which the cladding element is attached to a building.
  • mounting holes are provided on the outer part, which extend from the wall facing away from the boundary surface by the spacers, in particular by the extensions therethrough.
  • the inner part and the outer part can be connected to each other, for example, by applying adhesive from the outside through the mounting holes, with which the knobs of the outer part are then glued to the inner part.
  • the mounting holes may alternatively or preferably additionally be provided so that they allow a simpler positioning of the cladding element on the wall of a building.
  • the cladding elements are dowelled in addition to the gluing even to the wall.
  • the mounting holes now show the user where he can peg the cladding element with the wall, and it ensures that the dowel passes through the cladding element in the region of the knobs and not in the cavity of the cladding element.
  • the mounting holes can be formed already the production of the cladding element, or these are subsequently attached in the form of holes.
  • An alternative possibility for connecting the outer part and the inner part of the cladding element is that the adhesive is applied directly in the contact area between the knobs and the inner part.
  • the mounting holes for introducing the adhesive are not necessary, but for a fixing of the cladding element to the wall of a building as described above, these are still advantageous.
  • the inner part and the outer part have different strength, wherein preferably the outer part has a higher strength than the inner part.
  • a higher strength of the outer part, so a higher density of the material used in the outer part has the advantage that the outer part can better counteract static and mechanical stresses.
  • the inner part can be made of a material of lower density, as it is less stressed statically and mechanically, whereby the cladding element can be carried out more easily than at the same height throughout.
  • the cladding element is made of a foamed plastic, for example polystyrene, preferably made of expanded polystyrene.
  • both parts are made of polystyrene, for example, the outer part may be formed of a polystyrene higher strength.
  • the outer part is made of, for example, a polyurethane foam, which is fire-resistant, so that the cladding element is fire-resistant, while the inner part may be made of polystyrene.
  • the cladding element is preferably used as an insulating element for a building wall.
  • a cladding element according to the invention has perforations which all have the same diameter. These holes are usually filled with no material.
  • the perforations can in principle be increased in diameter or a mixed structure of perforations with diameters of different sizes can be provided.
  • the insulating properties of the cladding element or the inner part of the cladding element does not suffer, it is provided that at least some of the perforations are filled with an insulating material, preferably with mineral wool.
  • At least those holes, which have the smallest diameter, have no filling with an insulating material.
  • the perforations are filled with a larger diameter with an insulating material, while holes with a smaller diameter are not filled.
  • An inventive cladding element described above is preferably provided and suitable for cladding the outside of a building.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cladding element according to the invention
  • FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a section of a cladding element according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the detail of the cladding element from FIG. 1, completely provided with a plaster layer
  • FIG. 3 shows the section of the cladding element from FIG. 2 in a section cut through the outer part of the cladding element and through the plaster layer, FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows the detail of a cladding element of Figure 1 in the unfolded state
  • 5 shows a further variant of a cladding element according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a detail of a further panel element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the inside of the inner part of a cladding element of Figure 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cladding element 1 according to the invention for cladding a wall of a building.
  • the cladding element 1 preferably serves as an insulating element for the wall or the building, a corresponding wall cladding or building cladding is formed from one above the other and laterally juxtaposed, immediately adjacent cladding elements.
  • the cladding element 1 has a two-part construction and consists of a building-side inner part 8 and a building-facing outer part 9.
  • the inner part 8 and the outer part 9 are spaced apart by spacers 10 and interconnected, so that between the two parts 8, 9 and thus between the inner, wall-side boundary surface 2 of the cladding element 1 (which is the outer surface of the inner part 8 in the assembled state of the cladding element 1) and an outer wall facing away boundary surface 3 of the cladding element 1 (which in the assembled state of the cladding element 1 is the outer surface of the outer part 9) Cavity 6 is formed.
  • the cavity 6 extends from the lower boundary surface 4 of the cladding element 1 to the upper cladding surface 5 of the cladding element 1 in the installation position of the cladding element 1 (i.e., in the layer in which the cladding element is attached to the building wall).
  • FIGS. 1 a and 2 - 4 show a section of a cladding element 1 from FIG. 1.
  • the spacers 10 are in the form of projections projecting from the outer part 9, for example in the form of circular cylinder stumps as shown
  • the spacers, hereinafter also referred to as knobs 10, widen in the representation shown here to the outer part, ie, the cross-sectional area of the studs 10 on the outer part 9 is greater than their the outer part 9 facing away from bearing surface 10 '.
  • nubs 10 that are cylindrical are simpler in production.
  • the support surfaces 10 ' are preferably flat and extend in the assembled state parallel to the outer part 9 facing outer surface 2' of the inner part eighth
  • nubs 10 are formed integrally with the outer part 9 and are perpendicular from the inner surface 9 'of the outer part 9 from.
  • the nubs 10 are evenly distributed over the inner surface 9 'and have identical shape and dimensions.
  • knobs 10 lie with their bearing surfaces 10 ', for example on the outer surface 2' of the inner part 8 (not shown in the figures).
  • the attachment of the two parts 8, 9 together preferably takes place by means of gluing.
  • adhesive can be applied directly to the studded surface 10 ', and / or it is provided that the adhesive is introduced directly into the depressions 8' and then the studs 10 in the wells eighth 'be used.
  • Befest Whilesiochitch 13 are provided (see Figures 1, 4), which extends from the wall facing away from the boundary surface 3 by the spacer 10th extend through the outer part 9 therethrough.
  • the inner part 8 and the outer part 9 can be connected to each other by the outside, during the assembly of the inner part 8 and the outer part 9, through the mounting holes 13 through adhesive into the recesses 8 ', ie between the studs 10 and the Inner part 8, is injected into the recesses 8 ', preferably just before the knobs 10 are moved into the recesses 8'. If the adhesive is introduced or even during the introduction of the adhesive, the knobs 10 are moved into their final position, in which they are present with the surfaces 10 'at the bottom of the recesses 8'.
  • the attachment holes 13 are, for example, bores which are drilled into the finished outer part 9, or the attachment holes 13 are already produced during the manufacturing process of the outer part 9.
  • the knobs 10 which are typically formed as circular truncated stumps as already described and whose circular cross sections decrease over their height (as they progress along the height away from the outer part 9), have diameters over the height which correspond to the diameter of the recesses 8 '. are adapted so that the knobs 10 can be sufficiently deep into the recesses 8 'used so that the stop surface 10' of the knobs 10 at the bottom of the recesses 8 'is present.
  • the recesses 8 ' have a diameter of about 65 mm
  • the knobs 10 have a diameter of about 60 mm at their support surface 10'.
  • the diameter of the support surface 10 'of the knobs 10 preferably corresponds to the diameter of a plate 20' of a dowel 20, such a dowel 20 is shown in Figure 2.
  • Typical dowels for fixing cladding elements such as insulation boards to a building have a plate diameter of 60 mm.
  • Such dowels 20 serve to dowel the cladding elements 1 with the wall of a building, as in certain cases of advantage, preferred or required by law.
  • the dowel 20 passes through the entire cladding element 1 preferably through the mounting holes 13 therethrough.
  • the inner part in the recesses 8 'further, subsequent to the mounting holes 13 holes 13' are in communication), through which the dowel 20 is pushed into the wall.
  • the perforations 13, 13 ' have a diameter which corresponds to the actual anchor diameter (not the diameter of the anchor plate) or is slightly larger, so that the anchor can be easily inserted through the cladding element 1.
  • the diameter of the support surface 10 'of the knobs further corresponds approximately to the diameter of the plate 20' of a dowel in order to exert an optimal transfer of the holding force of the dowel 20 on the cladding element 1.
  • the dowels 20 are inserted for the reason through the mounting holes 13 through the cladding element 1, since it is reliably avoided in this way that the dowels 20 pass through the cavity or 6, where the cladding element is structurally weaker.
  • the knobs 10 extend to the recognizable in the figures (cut) edge or beyond.
  • the nubs are to the actual, the trim elements spaced edges (lower edge 4, upper edge 5, side edges, see Figure 1), ie the outermost nubs do not reach all the way to the edge of the cladding element, to prevent that in case of unfavorable laying the Cladding elements, the connection between the cavities of two adjacent cladding elements is closed.
  • the knobs have a distance to the edge of about 1 cm - 2.5 cm (normal distance from the edge of the nearest edge portion of a knob). As can be seen from FIGS.
  • the cladding element 1 has at its inner part 8 a number of perforations 7 which pass through the inner part 8 beginning at the boundary surface 2 on the wall side up to the outer surface 2 'facing the outer part 9 and extend accordingly into the cavity 6.
  • this which are preferably normal to the boundary surface 2
  • water vapor passes from the building wall into the cavity 6 and can ascend in this upward.
  • the water vapor passes from a cladding element in the cavity 6 of the overlying cladding element until it finally exits the top cladding elements in the top of the building and is thus removed from the building.
  • the holes 7 are generated either directly in the production of the inner part 8 and subsequently attached in the form of holes.
  • a typical cladding element has a width of about 100 cm, a height of about 50 cm and a thickness of about 8 cm - 30 cm. On the surface of about 100 cm x 50 cm, less occupied by the knobs or the wells 8 surface, about 200 - 1500, for example, about 1200 fürgangsiochitch 7 are arranged.
  • the diameters of the holes 7 shown are in a specific embodiment about 2 mm - 4 mm.
  • the holes 7 are advantageously evenly distributed over the width and height of the cladding element 1 and arranged such that they always open into the cavity 6. In this way, the water vapor over the entire surface of the cladding element can be dissipated uniformly.
  • those areas of the inner part, to which spacers come to rest, are free of fürgangsiochitch 7, which connect the wall-side region with the cavity or cavities. It is particularly advantageous if the inner part 8 and the outer part 9 have different strength, wherein preferably the outer part 9 has a higher strength than the inner part 8.
  • a higher strength of the outer part, so a higher density of the material used in the outer part has the advantage that the outer part can better counteract static and mechanical stresses.
  • the inner part can be made of a material of lower density, as it is less stressed statically and mechanically, whereby the cladding element can be carried out more easily than at the same height throughout.
  • a lightweight, stable cladding element will be created which optimally offers a rear ventilation.
  • the cladding element is made of a foamed plastic, for example polystyrene, preferably made of expanded polystyrene.
  • Both parts 8, 9 are made of polystyrene, wherein the outer part 9 may preferably consist of a polystyrene with higher density.
  • Expanded polystyrene for example, has good thermal insulation properties, is cheap, rot-resistant and resistant to vermin.
  • the diffusion value of the inner part 8 can be reduced to a value mu of less than or equal to 15, so that water vapor passes well through the inner part 8 can diffuse without significantly affecting the EPS properties described above.
  • a structure in the form of one or more recesses 11 is provided on the boundary surface 3 facing away from the wall.
  • Recesses as described above are preferably also on the wall facing surface 2 of the cladding element provided (not shown), so that the adhesive or adhesive mortar for securing the cladding element 1 adheres to a building better.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 A further variant of the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. This differs from the embodiment discussed above only in that not a large cavity 6 is provided, but that the spacers 10 as a continuous, extending from the upper boundary surface 5 to the lower boundary surface 4, preferably straight webs 10 are formed. In this way, continuous, from top to bottom, vertical channels 6 are formed, which are separated from each other by the spacers 10. A horizontal connection of the channels, in the form of openings (not shown) is also possible and then already leads back to the embodiment described above.
  • the channels can in principle also be formed slightly inclined, but should extend from the lower to the upper boundary surface.
  • Through holes 7 extend in turn on the inner part 8 of the surface 2 to the cavities 6. Through holes 7 are provided only in the areas between the spacers 10, areas with spacers 10 are free of through holes. 7
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 also show a detail of a cladding element which essentially corresponds to that cladding element as shown in FIGS. 1 a, 2 - 4.
  • the cladding element shown in Figures la, 2-4 has a number of perforations 7 with a small diameter of about 2 mm - 4mm. These holes are empty, so filled with no (insulation) material.
  • the perforations 7 ' with a larger diameter an insulating material, preferably filled with mineral wool.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de revêtement, en particulier un élément de revêtement en forme de plaque (1) pour un mur d'un bâtiment, comportant une surface limite intérieure (2), côté mur et une surface limite extérieure (3), à l'opposé du mur. Selon l'invention, au moins une cavité (6) est ménagée entre la surface limite intérieure (2) et la surface limite extérieure (3), qui s'étend d'une surface limite inférieure, dans la position de montage (4) de l'élément de revêtement (1) jusqu'à une surface limite supérieure (5) de l'élément de revêtement (1), et un passage (7, 7') étant prévu, qui s'étend en commençant à la surface limite (2) côté mur jusque dans la ou les cavités (6).
EP13780055.3A 2012-11-15 2013-09-23 Élément de revêtement pour un bâtiment Active EP2925938B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20170418A RS55988B1 (sr) 2012-11-15 2013-09-23 Fasadni element za zgradu
SI201330587A SI2925938T1 (sl) 2012-11-15 2013-09-23 Prekrivni element za stavbo
HRP20170629TT HRP20170629T1 (hr) 2012-11-15 2017-04-21 Pokrovni element za građevinu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50519/2012A AT513134B1 (de) 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 Verkleidungselement für ein Gebäude
PCT/AT2013/050191 WO2014075118A1 (fr) 2012-11-15 2013-09-23 Élément de revêtement pour un bâtiment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2925938A1 true EP2925938A1 (fr) 2015-10-07
EP2925938B1 EP2925938B1 (fr) 2017-02-01

Family

ID=49474169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13780055.3A Active EP2925938B1 (fr) 2012-11-15 2013-09-23 Élément de revêtement pour un bâtiment

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US9540806B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2925938B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT513134B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2891621C (fr)
DK (1) DK2925938T3 (fr)
EA (1) EA027859B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2622999T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20170629T1 (fr)
LT (1) LT2925938T (fr)
PL (1) PL2925938T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2925938T (fr)
RS (1) RS55988B1 (fr)
SI (1) SI2925938T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014075118A1 (fr)

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HRP20170629T1 (hr) 2017-06-30
DK2925938T3 (en) 2017-05-08
PL2925938T3 (pl) 2017-09-29
SI2925938T1 (sl) 2017-05-31
CA2891621A1 (fr) 2014-05-22
EP2925938B1 (fr) 2017-02-01
US20150308104A1 (en) 2015-10-29
EA201590926A1 (ru) 2015-08-31
EA027859B1 (ru) 2017-09-29
WO2014075118A1 (fr) 2014-05-22
US9540806B2 (en) 2017-01-10
AT513134A4 (de) 2014-02-15
PT2925938T (pt) 2017-05-02
CA2891621C (fr) 2020-07-14
ES2622999T3 (es) 2017-07-10
RS55988B1 (sr) 2017-09-29
AT513134B1 (de) 2014-02-15
LT2925938T (lt) 2017-04-10

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