EP2143849A2 - Habillage mural et procédé d'assèchement d'une surface murale - Google Patents

Habillage mural et procédé d'assèchement d'une surface murale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2143849A2
EP2143849A2 EP20090009041 EP09009041A EP2143849A2 EP 2143849 A2 EP2143849 A2 EP 2143849A2 EP 20090009041 EP20090009041 EP 20090009041 EP 09009041 A EP09009041 A EP 09009041A EP 2143849 A2 EP2143849 A2 EP 2143849A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
capillary
capillary active
grains
cavities
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20090009041
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Kadler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remmers Baustofftechnik GmbH
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2143849A2 publication Critical patent/EP2143849A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E04F13/045—Means for fastening plaster-bases to a supporting structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a wall cladding and method for draining a wall surface. Further exemplary embodiments relate to a method for producing dry wall surfaces on walls subject to moisture and / or salt.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a wall covering and a method for draining a wall, which has no capillary connection to the ground and at the same time allows water vapor diffusion through the component.
  • the core idea of the present invention is to provide a wall covering for a moisture renovation of a wall in that capillary-active grains are fixed in a layered manner to the wall by a holding means and cavities are formed between the capillary-active grains.
  • the average grain size is chosen such that the cavities themselves are kapillarin15.
  • the holding means may be formed by sintering necks or optionally a binder (eg, an adhesive or adhesive) or, alternatively, formed as a plaster base fixed by spacers at a predetermined distance from the wall.
  • Exemplary embodiments thus comprise a wall cladding, which is designed, for example, as a plate and serves for moisture-remediation of the wall.
  • the wall cladding has capillary active grains with an average grain size of more than 5 mm, the capillary active grains being connected to one another via sintered necks, US Pat that the sintering necks form the retaining means for the capillary active grains.
  • the capillary-active grains are connected to one another in such a way that the wall cladding can be fixed in a layered manner to the wall and cavities are formed between the capillary-active grains.
  • the mean grain size of, for example, at least 5 mm is chosen such that the cavities themselves are capillary active and the wall lining remains breathable, so that evaporation of the penetrating moisture is ensured.
  • the capillary active grains may have a preferred size such that at least 80% or at least 90% of the capillary active grains have a grain size that is at most 10% or at most 25% different than the average grain size (eg, single grain mortar ).
  • the capillary active grains may for example have a spherical shape, wherein the diameter may be in a range between 2 mm and 20 mm or in a range between 6 mm and 12 mm.
  • the capillary active grains comprise a material selected, for example, such that the wall cladding has a thermal conductivity of at most 0.08 watt / mK or at most 0.05 watt / mK.
  • the holding means is designed as a plaster base
  • the plaster base may for example comprise a brick material which is fixed by a wire mesh and has a holey structure.
  • the holey structure may be chosen to be impermeable to the capillary active grains - that is, the holes present are smaller than the diameter of the capillary active grains.
  • the holding means is designed as a binder
  • the binder may for example be selected such that it connects the capillary active grains on the one hand and to others leaves the majority of cavities at least partially binderless.
  • the binder itself can also be capillary-active and / or water-vapor-permeable.
  • Using the binder it is thus possible to form the wall cladding in the form of a plate, which in turn can be attached to the wall for moisture remediation.
  • the plate may for example have a thickness in a range between 2 cm and 8 cm or in a range between 4 cm and 6 cm.
  • Embodiments thus comprise a diffusive self-supporting plaster carrier, which is mounted with spacers on the inside of the wall to be rehabilitated.
  • a diffusible capillary-active plaster with light plaster can then be applied to the plaster base.
  • the cavity defined by the spacers is filled with a capillary-active thermally-insulating, closed-cell dry bed, the dry bed comprising the capillary-active grains.
  • Further embodiments also include a method of draining a wall surface, the method comprising providing capillary active grains having an average grain size, attaching a holding agent, and introducing the capillary active grains into a space.
  • the attachment of the holding means is carried out at a predetermined distance from the wall, so that a gap between the wall and the holding means is formed, wherein the holding means for the capillary active grains is impermeable.
  • the holding means may be first applied to 80% -90% of the height of the wall to be covered to utilize the remaining 10-20% to pour the capillary active grain into the space.
  • the mean particle size of the capillary active grains is chosen so large that capillary-active cavities are formed between the capillary active grains.
  • inventions also include a method of making a wall cladding panel comprising providing capillary active grains and bonding the capillary active grains by means of a binder to form the wall cladding panel. Within the wall cladding panel cavities are formed between the capillary active grains and the mean grain size in the method is chosen to be so large that the wall cladding panel itself is capillary active and diffusible.
  • embodiments have the following advantages. There is no capillary connection to the substrate and, since no salts can be stored due to the capillary inactivity, there is no hygroscopicity in the uppermost component layer.
  • the backfilling with heat-insulating dry fill simultaneously leads to an increase in the wall surface temperature, which in turn avoids the condensation moisture in the uppermost component layer. Due to the diffusibility, there is also no moisture saturation in the supporting wall building material and no increased capillary transport of moisture nor a shift in the evaporation zones.
  • Embodiments are also advantageously combined with regulated internal seals according to applicable regulations such as the Scientific-Technical Association for Building Conservation and Historic Preservation (WTA). Thus, for example, a conversion of basements in high-quality living spaces possible.
  • WTA Scientific-Technical Association for Building Conservation and Historic Preservation
  • the large void fraction in the thermal insulation bed also allows deposition of the water-soluble salts. Furthermore, since there is no condensation on the inside of the carrier, the wet enrichment at the Wandfuß Vietnamese is prevented by water in drippable liquid form. As the substrate becomes dry, the wall plaster can set and reliably reach the given material properties.
  • the given material properties include z. B. a safe capillary hydrophobicity, no storage of salts, low risk of crack formation due to homogeneous substrate. Depending on the condition and use of space can thus be dispensed with a cross-sectional sealing. Finally, a quick and easy installation in drywall operation with low dust and noise is possible because the old plaster does not need to be eliminated.
  • FIG. 3 shows a wall panel 110 for moisture-remediation of a wall, wherein the wall panel 110 has capillary-active grains 112 having a mean grain size D held by a holding means 114 so that the capillary-active grains 112 can be laminated to the wall 120.
  • Cavities 116 are formed between the capillary-active grains 112, the mean grain size D being selected such that the cavities 116 are capillary-active. Depending on the liquid and the temperature, the cavities thus have a minimum size which prevents capillary transport processes.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment in which the holding means 114 is formed as a binder, which connects the capillary active grains 112 together, in turn, cavities 116 are formed between the capillary active grains 112.
  • the cavities 116 are binder-free.
  • the capillary active grains 112 interconnected by the binder 114 form a plate, for example.
  • the panel may also be attached to the wall 120 with binder or, alternatively, secured to the wall 120 with other fasteners such as screws, dowels or nails.
  • Fig. 3a shows an enlarged view of the capillary active grains 112, which are interconnected by means of binder 114.
  • the average size D of the capillary active grains 112 and the binder 114 between the capillary active grains 112 are selected so that the cavities 116 remain free, with the cavities 116 as said to be self capillary active. So that no capillary liquid transport along the binder 114 is possible, the binder itself should also be capillary-active. Moisture contained in the cavities 116 can thus dry out without the moisture being transported further via the capillary effect.
  • the size of the cavities 116 may be adjusted, for example, over the average size D of the capillary active grains 112. The larger the capillary-active grains 112 are, the larger the cavities 116 that form between the capillary-active grains 112-always on the assumption that the binder 114 does not completely fill the resulting cavities.
  • Fig. 3b shows a detailed view of the capillary active grains 112, which are mechanically connected by sintering necks 115 together.
  • the average particle size D is in turn selected such that cavities 116 form between the capillary-active grains 112, which offer space for depositing salts and are themselves not capillary active.
  • this can be achieved by the use of einkornmaterial for the capillary active grains 112. This prevents namely that smaller grains can be arranged within the cavities 116 and thus the remaining cavities become smaller.
  • the sintering process used can be designed so that the sintering necks 115 merely leads to a mechanical hold of the capillary active grains 112, but does not reduce the size of the cavities 116 that form.
  • the capillary active grains 112 may comprise, for example, expanded glass, expanded clay or pumice, and depending on the material used (For example, expanded glass granules), the temperature and / or the sintering time can be adjusted so that on the one hand sufficient mechanical stability forms, on the other hand, however, the cavities 116 and the volume of the cavities 116 hardly or only slightly changed during the sintering process.
  • the binder 114 may be used, which has, for example, water glass or a water glass solution.
  • the binder 114 may also be selected such that it does not wet (not spread) the capillary active grains 112 so that the cavities 116 between the capillary active grains 112 are not further reduced by the binder 114.
  • some capillary active grains 112 may have a slightly different grain size, it is important for embodiments that the resulting cavities 116 can not be filled by smaller capillary active grains 112.
  • This criterion may be defined, for example, by having at least 80% or at least 90% or more than 95% of the capillary active grains 112 having a size close to the mean grain size D, for example, close to being defined with a tolerance width of ⁇ 5% or ⁇ 10% have the mean grain size.
  • the cavity structure 116 is at the same time advantageous in that it already provides a natural heat insulation.
  • the thermal insulation may be further enhanced by particular materials for the capillary active grains 112 and / or by an optional insulating layer.
  • Fig. 4 gives a schematic representation of a typical starting position, in which typical problems of masonry renovation can be seen.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of a basement 410, which has the wall 120 and on the ceiling 425, a vault 420 is formed, which separates the basement 410 from an overlying ground floor 430.
  • the floor 440 of the basement 410 may have various sections, with one section 442 being capillary active and another section 444 having porous material that is capillary active.
  • the wall or side wall 120 separates, for example, the basement 410 from a soil 450, which extends to an upper edge 500, so that the wall 120 is located for the most part below the soil 450.
  • the side wall 120 has an outer wall 122 and an inner wall 124, the outer wall 122 being exposed to seepage water or soil moisture.
  • the capillary active portion 442 of the floor 440 is also exposed to the moisture of the soil 450.
  • leachate 460 temporarily accumulates on the flow set joint 470.
  • the ingress of moisture causes a capillary effect, indicated by the arrows 126, which causes the incoming moisture in the masonry to rise.
  • the evaporation 480 causes the component temperature (temperature of the wall 120) to be lowered by the evaporation cold.
  • the evaporation 480 causes deposits of salts on the inner wall side 124, which in turn absorb moisture from the ambient air of the basement 410 as condensation moisture pulls out. This effect is the said hygroscopicity.
  • the problem of moisture remediation is thus to change the inside 124 of the wall 120 such that the wall 120 becomes dry and no more salt deposits occur.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the holding means 114 is held by spacers 118 at a predetermined distance A from the wall 120.
  • the spacers 118 can be fastened in the wall 120, for example by means of dowels or screws 118a.
  • the resulting cavity 119 can then be filled with the dry bed.
  • the predetermined distance A may for example be in a range between 4 cm and 6 cm or in a range between 2 cm and 8 cm. In general, the predetermined distance A depends on the size of the capillary-active grains (average particle size D). As an example, the predetermined distance A could be chosen to be greater than three times or five times or ten times the mean size D of the capillary active grains 112.
  • FIG. 12 shows the result of filling the dry bulk cavity 119 comprising the plurality of capillary active grains 112 to form the cavities 116.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which on the wet masonry 120, the cavity 119 is filled with capillary active thermal insulation dry fill 112 and the holding means 114 are fixed using, for example, Einschlagdübeln with spacers 118.
  • the holding means 114 may optionally comprise a plaster carrier, which is formed along the holding means 114 is open to diffusion.
  • a plaster 115 (renovation plaster or light plaster) applied to the plaster base 114 in a manner permeable to diffusion.
  • Fig. 7a to 7c show the components of the system structure.
  • the spacer 118 may include a dowel 118a (eg, dowel).
  • the predetermined distance A can be flexibly adjusted in the spacer 118.
  • the intermediate space 118b serves for fastening the holding means or the plaster carrier 114, in which the plaster carrier 114 is fixed on both sides by the spacer 118 (for example, is clamped).
  • the cavity 118b may be flexibly adapted to accommodate different thicknesses of the render carrier 114.
  • Fig. 7b shows an example of a plaster base 114, wherein the plaster base 114 brick elements 114 a, which are held together by a wire mesh 114 b.
  • the brick elements 114a are shaped such that the plaster base 114 has a holey structure, wherein the existing holes 114c have a size which is smaller than an average grain size of the capillary active grains 112.
  • the plaster base 114 if it, as in Fig. 5 shown by the spacers is mounted at a predetermined distance A from the wall, impermeable to the capillary active grains 112 - at the same time, however, permeable to moisture or for evaporation moisture.
  • FIG. 12 shows the dry bed 112 having a plurality of capillary active grains 112a-112d whose mean size D is selected such that the forming cavities between the capillary active grains 112 are so large that the cavities 116 themselves are capillary active.
  • the components are characterized by the following properties.
  • the insulation can For example, be achieved by an eradicable closed-cell gravel from glass recycling, which is resistant to moisture, salt and pests. Furthermore, glass recycling as an inert building material does not react and, due to the void content of the bed, enables the crystallization of the salts and at the same time the diffusion of water vapor.
  • the plaster base for example, be chosen such that it is self-supporting and rot-resistant and at the same time realized by the exemplary brick wall a cleaning liability. Furthermore, the plaster base is moist, salt and pest resistant and non-flammable.
  • Fig. 8 shows a plan view of the wall 120 on which the wall panel 110 has been applied, the wall panel 110 comprises the dry bed 112, the plaster base 114 and a plaster 115, wherein the plaster base 114 is fixed by the spacers 118. It can be seen that the plaster base 114 on the one hand impermeable to the dry bed 112 and on the other hand provides a basis for the applied plaster 115.
  • Fig. 8 thus shows an alternative representation of the operation of the system.
  • a self-supporting deformation-stable plaster base 114 is mounted on the wall 120 to be rehabilitated. Old plaster can remain on the wall 120 after optional cleaning with a steel brush.
  • the resulting cavity 119 is filled with a dry bed 114 of a special non-rotatable capillary active thermal insulation material.
  • a restoration plaster for example according to WTA
  • WTA gypsum-free finishing plaster and provided with a diffusible paint (eg silicate paint).
  • Embodiments can thus be used as rehabilitation systems on almost all substrates, the combination of the material properties providing the following advantages.
  • exemplary embodiments are also applicable to diffusible mineral thermal insulation facades suitable for conservation protection or to energy-efficient components in the case of conversions (eg in basement extensions).
  • exemplary embodiments provide a decoupled plaster carrier 114 (which has no capillary connection to the substrate), so that even in difficult substrates a healthy living space climate is ensured by its moisture regulating properties.
  • embodiments lead to a relief of the environment through natural raw materials and recycled materials.
  • embodiments of the capillary-active wall renovation system 110 can also be used in renovation and light changes of use in damp cellars and rooms. This makes it possible, for example, to allow the storage of moisture-sensitive objects and at the same time to prevent mold from forming on the wall surface.
  • FIG. 4 Further exemplary embodiments likewise include a capillary-active diffusible mineral thermal insulation for an external facade.
  • a renovation of the outer wall 122 by means of the wall cladding 110 can also be achieved.
  • the Exterior façade can be formed, for example, monument protection by massive mineral plaster characteristic with high thermal insulation effect and thus ensures an optimized living environment through the diffusibility.
  • the incombustibility, the impact resistance and the indestructibility are further advantages.
  • the component thickness of the thermal insulation can, for example, comprise 6 cm
  • the restoration plaster (according to WTA 4-5-99) can be applied, for example, at least to a thickness of 1.5 cm
  • the thermal conductivity of the Thermal insulation may for example have a value of 0.077 W / mK
  • the U-value at 36.5 cm solid brick wall (damp) for example, have a value of 0.60 W / qmK.
  • the water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient ⁇ is for example 18 and the building material class fire behavior (DIN 4102) can be classified as A (incombustible).
  • the material of the capillary active grains 112 may be selected so that the wall cladding 110 has a thermal conductivity of at most 0.08 watts / mK.
  • the material of the capillary active grains 112 and / or the holding means 114 can also be selected such that the wall covering 110 has a water vapor diffusion resistance number of at most 25.
  • the mean grain size is selected, for example, in a range between 6 mm and 12 mm or have a diameter of more than 6 mm or more than 8 mm. It is advantageous if the capillary-active grains 112 have as far as possible a uniform grain size, ie that a single-grained material is used to form the wall cladding. This is to ensure that do not arrange smaller grains in the forming cavities and thus reduce the effective size of the cavities and thus would lead to capillarity. At the same time, the wallcovering remains breathable. For an inventive function of the wall cladding namely, it is important that on the one hand, the moisture is absorbed and on the other hand, the moist air can reach the outside as evaporation moisture.
  • a wall covering according to the invention has an open-pored structure on the one hand absorbs moisture and on the other hand is breathable.
  • FIG. 1 For example, the sintering process leads to a shrinking process during sintering.
  • the wall cladding 110 initially has a larger volume, which decreases during the sintering process.
  • Sufficient grain size is, as stated, necessary to ensure the desired effect: moisture penetration, moisture evaporation and deposition of the salts within the cavities 116. It has been found that grain sizes of less than 4 mm or less than 2 mm are not suitable since they only lead to relatively small cavities 116, which will decrease even further during the sintering process and which are either themselves capillary active or the resulting wall cladding 110 is not breathable. Namely, in selecting the size of the capillary active grains 112, it should be noted that the voids 116 between the capillary active grains 112 are somewhat reduced during the sintering process.
  • the manufacturing process can be done, for example, as follows.
  • silicate lightweight aggregates such as expanded glass granules, which can be obtained for example from waste glass, with a water-containing sintering aid formulation (eg water glass solution, Binder 114).
  • the resulting material can be designed by means of conventional molding process as a shaped body (eg plate), for example under the action of pressure (for example, a pressing).
  • the lightweight aggregates can be sintered by liquid-phase sintering, so that the microscopic and macroscopic shape structure is retained in the green body thus obtained.
  • the use of the sintering process has the advantage that the forming sintered necks leads to a high mechanical strength and stability between the lightweight aggregate granules.
  • a water glass solution can be used, which kittet the expanded glass granules as a green compact to allow the shape retention before and during the sintering process.
  • the finished plate has minimally visible residues of the water glass (water glass solution).
  • the plates are thereby produced as described above with a specific particle size distribution / grain structure so that completely different properties are obtained than is the case with plates which contain a mixture of capillary-active grains of different sizes or smaller particle sizes.
EP20090009041 2008-07-11 2009-07-10 Habillage mural et procédé d'assèchement d'une surface murale Withdrawn EP2143849A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810032738 DE102008032738A1 (de) 2008-07-11 2008-07-11 Wandverkleidung und ein Verfahren zum Trockenlegen einer Wandoberfläche

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EP2143849A2 true EP2143849A2 (fr) 2010-01-13

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010008724A1 (de) * 2010-02-20 2011-08-25 Walther, Jörg, Dr.-Ing., 09579 Lüftungssystem zur Austrocknung von Gebäudewänden nach Durchfeuchtung
EP2426289A1 (fr) 2010-07-12 2012-03-07 Christian Kadler Habillage de paroi sous forme de plaques
DE102011001620A1 (de) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-16 Sandra Petermann Wandelement
DE102021000703A1 (de) 2021-02-11 2022-08-11 Lucas Egglseder Sanierelement zur äußeren Trocknung und zum Vollschutz von Gebäudemauern im Erdreich
DE102022108093A1 (de) 2022-04-05 2023-10-05 glapor Werk Mitterteich GmbH Formkörper, insbesondere feuerfeste Bauplatte

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011101261A1 (de) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Sto Ag Verfahren und System zur Innendämmung von Gebäudeaußenwänden

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DE4214043A1 (de) 1992-04-29 1992-09-10 Gerard Helmut Verfahren fuer die bauindustrie zur vermeidung von kapillarer wasserwanderung zwischen mauerwerk und putzsystem
DE29521952U1 (de) 1995-09-15 1998-11-19 Bromm Edmund Innenwandverkleidung zur Sanierung von feuchten Kellern
DE20210142U1 (de) 2002-07-01 2002-08-29 Bromm Edmund Mauersanierung

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DE9004020U1 (fr) * 1990-04-06 1990-06-13 Koch Marmorit Gmbh, 7801 Bollschweil, De
DE19954043C2 (de) * 1999-10-07 2003-08-07 Koester Bauchemie Gmbh Vormauerwerk und Verfahren zur Sanierung eines feuchtgeschädigten Mauerwerkes

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4214043A1 (de) 1992-04-29 1992-09-10 Gerard Helmut Verfahren fuer die bauindustrie zur vermeidung von kapillarer wasserwanderung zwischen mauerwerk und putzsystem
DE29521952U1 (de) 1995-09-15 1998-11-19 Bromm Edmund Innenwandverkleidung zur Sanierung von feuchten Kellern
DE20210142U1 (de) 2002-07-01 2002-08-29 Bromm Edmund Mauersanierung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010008724A1 (de) * 2010-02-20 2011-08-25 Walther, Jörg, Dr.-Ing., 09579 Lüftungssystem zur Austrocknung von Gebäudewänden nach Durchfeuchtung
EP2426289A1 (fr) 2010-07-12 2012-03-07 Christian Kadler Habillage de paroi sous forme de plaques
DE102011001620A1 (de) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-16 Sandra Petermann Wandelement
DE102021000703A1 (de) 2021-02-11 2022-08-11 Lucas Egglseder Sanierelement zur äußeren Trocknung und zum Vollschutz von Gebäudemauern im Erdreich
DE102022108093A1 (de) 2022-04-05 2023-10-05 glapor Werk Mitterteich GmbH Formkörper, insbesondere feuerfeste Bauplatte
WO2023194436A2 (fr) 2022-04-05 2023-10-12 glapor Werk Mitterteich GmbH Corps moulé, en particulier panneau de construction réfractaire

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