EP2826928B1 - Façade ou toit de bâtiment doté de plaques en pierre naturelle ou de tuiles céramiques et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Façade ou toit de bâtiment doté de plaques en pierre naturelle ou de tuiles céramiques et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2826928B1
EP2826928B1 EP13003623.9A EP13003623A EP2826928B1 EP 2826928 B1 EP2826928 B1 EP 2826928B1 EP 13003623 A EP13003623 A EP 13003623A EP 2826928 B1 EP2826928 B1 EP 2826928B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adhesive layer
thermal insulation
outer side
layer system
embedding
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EP13003623.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2826928A1 (fr
Inventor
Emilio Stecher
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Emilio Stecher AG
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Emilio Stecher AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0862—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of a number of elements which are identical or not, e.g. carried by a common web, support plate or grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building facade or a building roof for the attachment of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles and a method for their preparation according to claim 1 or 18.
  • a cladding of building facades or roofs with natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles is often chosen for aesthetic, practical or denkmalticianrischen reasons.
  • natural stone slabs often have a high mass, so that a corresponding force-absorbing mechanical attachment to the building wall is required.
  • curtain-ventilated facade plates are selectively attached to a metallic substructure.
  • thermal insulation composite systems usually consist of an insulating material, which is adhesively attached in a plate shape to a building exterior wall and optionally additionally mechanically fastened. Then a putty with an embedded fabric as a reinforcing layer is applied. It serves as a base for different surface materials, generally surface plaster. Since the requirements for the thermal insulation of buildings are steadily increasing, sometimes thick thermal barrier coatings have to be bridged by the force-absorbing mechanical fastening. Here, for static reasons, the mechanical attachment for the thick Thermal insulation layers to be carried out on the supporting substrate.
  • mechanical fasteners are often used together with additional retaining elements of a fastening device, which may include, for example, at least one extending transversely to the fastening device retaining profile and at least one bracket for mounting the retaining profile on the supporting ground.
  • the mechanical attachment is usually metallic and leads to thermal bridges between the outside of the thermal insulation element and the supporting ground, since the thermal insulation material has a significantly lower thermal conductivity than the metallic mechanical fastening. Accordingly, the heat from the interior of the building on the supporting substrate and the metal-formed mechanical attachment can be transported faster than this is due to the thermal insulation material, which are formed in particular at those points of the metallic mechanical fasteners cold surfaces that leads to increased energy loss.
  • the holding device for a facade system for the direct or indirect attachment of at least one plate-shaped wall or ceiling clothing element known on an on-site base.
  • the holding device comprises a first L-shaped profile for connecting the holding device to the substrate or a substructure fixed to the substrate and at least one second L-shaped profile for connecting the holding device to the wall or ceiling clothing element.
  • the second profile is form-fitting with the first profile by nesting connectable, so that the holding device has a box-shaped outer contour in cross-section in the region of the nested two profiles.
  • wall or ceiling cladding elements are natural stone or glass plates are used, which may have a load of 80 to 100 kg per m 2 . Consequently, this load must be dissipated into the load-bearing structure of the wall or ceiling. This is done in particular by means of the holding or fastening device.
  • From the EP 2 154 310 A1 is a building wall covering with clothing panels, especially natural stone slabs, known.
  • a fixing adhesive is applied as a coating on the back of the clothing panels and contains a mineral and an organic binder and a filler.
  • the attachment adhesive Before attaching the clothing panels to the outside of the supporting substrate, the attachment adhesive must be fully cured and is particularly at the factory to support the mounting plates for their subsequent transport to the site supportive.
  • the specific composition of the attachment bond, in particular the mineral and organic binder and the filler are dependent on the material of the clothing plate and are subject to a corresponding quality control in the factory.
  • the hardened on the back of the clothing panels Befest Trentgrund is attached to the building site by means of an adhesive to the outside of the building wall adherent.
  • the building façade or the building roof with a composite system for fixing natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles on an outside of a supporting substrate has a first adhesive layer system adhered to an outside of a supporting substrate, adhering to an outside of the first adhesive layer system applied thermal insulation element and an adhesive on an outer side of the heat-insulating element applied second adhesive layer system, wherein the first adhesive layer system, the thermal insulation element and the second Adhesive layer system form a thermal insulation composite system.
  • the building facade or the building roof further has a plate adhesive layer system adhesively applied to an outside of the second adhesive layer system, wherein natural stone tiles or ceramic tiles are adhesively attached or applied to an outside of the tile adhesive layer system.
  • the inventive building facade or roof with the composite system for fixing natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles on the outside of the supporting substrate is a very simple, practical and cost-effective solution.
  • the natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles should not exceed a maximum load of 45 kg per m 2 .
  • the natural stone slabs are preferably reduced by half, ie from a plate thickness of usually about 30.0 mm to about 15.0 mm, in an advantageous manner. This leads accordingly to lower material processing costs in the provision of natural stone slabs for the inventive building facades or roofs.
  • the inside refers to that surface which faces the load-bearing base
  • the outer face is in each case that surface which faces the natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles.
  • the base as well as the wall is considered part of the building facade.
  • the building roof is not part of the building facade and will therefore be discussed in a separate embodiment.
  • inventive fastening of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles on the outside of the supporting substrate applies equally to building facades as well as building roofs.
  • the natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles are adhesively applied or applied to the outside of the second adhesive layer system by the buttering-floating method by means of the plate-adhesive layer system.
  • the first adhesive layer system comprises at least one retaining adhesive layer, the inside of the retaining adhesive layer being adhesively attached to the outside of the supporting base.
  • the holding adhesive layer serves to adhere the inside of the heat-insulating element to the outside of the supporting substrate in an adhesive manner.
  • the holding adhesive layer serves as adhesive mortar.
  • the adhesive mortar is a mixture of a powdered material with water and preferably has a basis weight of about 6.5 kg per m 2 to about 9.5 kg per m 2 . With a specific weight of the adhesive adhesive layer designed as a holding adhesive layer of about 1600 kg per m 3 is preferably a layer thickness between a minimum of about 4.0 mm and a maximum of about 6.0 mm achievable.
  • the adhesive mortar is preferably processed at a processing temperature greater than + 5 ° C. with a dripping time of greater than 4 hours.
  • a holding adhesive layer reinforcing element may be embedded in the holding adhesive layer, whereby, in particular, an effective increase in the thickness of the holding adhesive layer Crack resistance in the holding adhesive layer is achieved, among other unwanted cracking, eg by vibration, can be avoided.
  • the holding adhesive layer reinforcing element comprises an alkali-resistant glass fiber and is formed as a reinforcing fabric.
  • the alkali-resistant glass fiber brings about high resistance of the holding adhesive layer reinforcing element to the alkali-containing holding adhesive layer.
  • the glass fiber preferably has tear-resistant and non-water-swellable properties with a preferred weight per unit area of 160.0 g per m 2 and a mesh size of 4.0 mm x 4.0 mm, so that the glass fiber can serve as reinforcement fabric, as is the case in particular with thermal insulation. Compound systems is relevant.
  • the second adhesive layer system has at least one embedding adhesive layer, the inside of the embedding adhesive layer being adhesively attached to the outside of the thermal insulation element.
  • the embedding adhesive layer preferably has alkaline properties and serves to cover the entire outside of the heat-insulating element.
  • a putty is preferably used as the embedding adhesive layer.
  • the putty is a mixture of a powdered material with water and preferably has a basis weight of about 1.5 kg per m 2 to about 24.0 kg per m 2 . With a specific weight of the putty embedded embedding layer of about 1600 kg per m 3 , a layer thickness between a minimum of about 0.95 mm and a maximum of about 15.0 mm can be achieved.
  • the putty embedded embedding layer is a mixture of a powdered material with water and preferably has a basis weight of about 1.5 kg per m 2 to about 24.0 kg per m 2 .
  • a specific weight of the putty embedded embedding layer of about
  • Putty a layer thickness between a minimum of about 4.0 mm and a maximum of about 6.0 mm.
  • the processing of the filler is preferably carried out at a processing temperature of greater + 5 ° C with a dripping time of greater than 4 hours.
  • an encapsulating adhesive layer reinforcement member is embedded in the encapsulant adhesive layer, thereby effectively increasing the crack resistance of the encapsulant adhesive layer, while also causing unwanted cracking, e.g. can be avoided by shocks.
  • the embedding adhesive layer reinforcing member comprises an alkali-resistant glass fiber and is formed as a reinforcing fabric.
  • the alkali-resistant glass fiber brings about a high resistance of the embedment adhesive layer reinforcing element to the alkaline embedding adhesive layer.
  • the glass fiber preferably has tear-resistant and non-water-swellable properties with a preferred basis weight of 160 g per m 2 , a mesh size of 4.0 mm x 4.0 mm and a breaking load of greater 2000 N per 5 cm, so that the glass fiber is preferred as Arm istsgewebe can serve.
  • the second adhesive layer system further comprises a leveling adhesive layer, wherein the inside of the leveling adhesive layer is adhered to the outside of the embedding adhesive layer.
  • the leveling adhesive layer is preferably a mineral, highly alkaline mortar with a pH of about 12.5 and serves to cover the entire outside of the embedment adhesive layer. It supports the leveling adhesive layer solidifying the facade construction. Consequently, the leveling adhesive layer serves as a large-area mortar mass.
  • the mortar composition is a mixture of a powder with water and preferably has a basis weight of about 3.5 kg per m 2 to about 70.0 kg per m 2 . In the case of a specific weight of the compensating adhesive layer of approx. 1750 kg per m 3 , which is designed as a large-area mortar composition, a layer thickness between a minimum of approximately 2.0 mm and a maximum of approximately 40.0 mm can be achieved.
  • the mortar composition has a layer thickness between a minimum of about 8.0 mm and a maximum of about 10.0 mm.
  • the processing of the mortar composition is preferably carried out at a processing temperature of greater + 5 ° C.
  • a leveling adhesive layer reinforcing element is embedded therein, thereby enabling earthquake-resistant reinforcement of the facade structure.
  • the equalizing adhesive layer reinforcing element has an alkali-resistant glass-aramid fiber having a basis weight of about 250.0 g per m 2 and a mesh width of approximately 15.0 mm x 18.0 mm and is as armored fabric having a tensile strength of greater than 50 kN per m.
  • the alkali-resistant glass-aramid fiber provides high resistance of the leveling adhesive layer reinforcing element to the alkaline level balance adhesive layer.
  • the balance adhesive layer reinforcement element is a composite fiber fabric and, when embedded in the leveling adhesive layer, is capable of absorbing significant amounts of energy, thereby increasing the amount of energy that can be absorbed Façade construction can be additionally reinforced or stabilized.
  • the composite thermal insulation system has at least one mechanical fastening means, in particular a screw plug, particularly preferably a plate plug with a preferably galvanized stainless steel screw, for fixing the heat insulation element on the supporting surface, wherein the stainless steel screw engages through the thermal insulation element and engages in the supporting ground ,
  • the plate of the plate plug is not sunk into the leveling adhesive layer of the thermal insulation composite system, but rather flush flush with the outside of the compensating adhesive layer.
  • a plug made of polystyrene (EPS) serves as a closure between the screwed stainless steel screw in the hole of the plate anchor and the environment. Without the use of the sealing plug, there is a risk that between the screwed stainless steel screw and the environment in the borehole of the plate plug, a cavity is formed, in which moisture can accumulate. This moisture would become apparent in particular on thin natural stone slabs with a plate thickness of approx. 1.5 mm on the outside of the natural stone slabs.
  • the stainless steel screw in the plate anchor is used in particular for anchoring in wind loads.
  • the type and number of plate anchors depends on the material and weight of the thermal insulation element. Particularly preferred at least 6 plate anchors with the screwed stainless steel screws a transverse load of about 42.0 kg per m 2 to catch about 45.0 kg per m 2 and provide in case of fire advantageously mechanical safety for the thermal insulation composite system.
  • the plate plug is made of a plastic and penetrated by the stainless steel screw, the plate plug preferably has a thermal conductivity similar to the thermal insulation element used to minimize thermal bridges.
  • the diameter of the plate dowel is preferably about 8.0 mm and the diameter of the plate about 60.0 mm, preferably with a flush installation of the plate anchor a hole depth of about 35.0 mm is used.
  • a thermal insulation element is plate-shaped and made of a synthetic organic material, in particular expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS) produced.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • EPS as a thermal insulation element is foamed polystyrene (PS) with the advantageous properties that it is very light, easy to work and inexpensive and has excellent thermal insulation.
  • PS polystyrene
  • the EPS foam hardly absorbs water and has a very low water vapor permeability.
  • XPS as a thermal insulation element is extruded polystyrene (PS) and is used because of the high moisture resistance, aging resistance and resistance to rotting as insulation board especially in the wet area. Particularly advantageous is the high compressive strength of XPS together with optimum thermal insulation. Areas of application of XPS are in particular places subject to moisture such as balconies, roofs, basement areas or swimming pool areas.
  • a thermal insulation element is plate-shaped and made of a naturally organic material, in particular wood fiber, mineralized wood wool or cork.
  • the wood fiber as a thermal insulation element is designed as a thermal insulation board and allows optimal water vapor permeability and a basis for high diffusion openness of the system.
  • a particular advantage is the natural raw material, in this case, wood, for a completely ecological heat and sound insulation system with excellent insulation properties.
  • the thermal insulation element with boards of mineralized wood wool is used in particular for thermal and acoustic insulation in the cold and warm seasons.
  • Such thermal insulation systems have a considerable hygrothermal behavior, which together with a high diffusion openness advantageously gives the interior health and living comfort.
  • the thermal insulation element made of cork boards has a high vapor permeability, whereas the heat flow is optimally braked.
  • the cork panels have a good sound insulation and are completely ecological and natural, so that neither the health nor the environment is impaired.
  • a thermal insulation element is plate-shaped and made of a synthetic inorganic mineral wool, in particular rockwool or glass wool.
  • the synthetic inorganic mineral wool has the advantage that it is a particularly effective, non-combustible insulating material and has a thermal conductivity between about 0.03 W / mK and about 0.048 W / mK.
  • rock wool as a special embodiment of the mineral wool offers a high-performance thermal insulation. Due to the special structure, an optimal recording of sound waves is achieved, whereby the transmission intensity of noise is attenuated.
  • a particular advantage of using rock wool is the ability to retain water or steam, which does not ignite the fire in case of fire. Accordingly, rock wool is particularly suitable for buildings where there are special regulations and fireproof building material is prescribed.
  • the glass wool as a particular embodiment of the mineral wool offers numerous advantages, in particular optimal thermal insulation, excellent sound insulation and fire protection due to the low flammability.
  • a chromium-steel mesh embedded in the embedding adhesive layer is preferably arranged as an embedding-adhesive layer reinforcing element, which makes possible an earthquake-proof reinforcement of the facade construction.
  • the chrome-steel mesh has good mechanical properties and is corrosion resistant.
  • chrome-steel mesh for mechanical reinforcement in other heat-insulating elements on the outside thereof embedded in the embedding adhesive layer.
  • the plate adhesive layer system comprises a holding plate adhesive layer, wherein the inside of the holding plate adhesive layer adheres to the outside of the second adhesive layer system adhering or. is applied.
  • the plate adhesive layer system is used to attach the inside of the natural stone tiles or ceramic tiles on the outside of the leveling adhesive layer of the second adhesive layer system by means of an adhesive bond. Accordingly, the holding plate adhesive layer has high adhesive strength and high flexibility.
  • a holding plate adhesive layer in winter, for example, mineral thin-bed mortar and, in the summer, for example, mineral Flex mortar.
  • the mineral thin-bed mortar should quickly develop a hydraulic condition that binds the mixing water and prevents the formation of stains on the surface. In this way, a safe laying of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles is possible.
  • the mineral flexible mortar should preferably have high transverse deformations and resistance to water and freeze-thaw cycles. In this way, a durability of the attachment of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles is secured, which are burdened by strong temperature fluctuations.
  • an organic, mineral holding plate adhesive layer for highly stable laying with high adhesion and stability.
  • a holding plate adhesive layer reinforcing element embedded.
  • the holding plate adhesive layer reinforcing element is preferably a reinforced decoupling nonwoven.
  • the holding plate adhesive layer has a high rubbery elasticity with a high ductility, and accordingly has an E modulus between 1.0 MPa and 4.0 MPa, preferably between 2.0 MPa and 3.0 MPa, and more preferably of about 2.5 MPa.
  • the rubber-elastic flexibility causes an optimal interception of shear forces caused by the attachment of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles due to the dead load.
  • the dead load also causes forces on the holding plate adhesive layer, so that counteracts the high deformability of the dead load of natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles.
  • the plate adhesive layer system further comprises an embedding plate adhesive layer, the inside of which is adhesively applied to the outside of the holding plate adhesive layer.
  • the embedding plate adhesive layer is preferably formed of organic mineral material having elastic adhesive properties for high adhesion and durability.
  • the plate-adhesive layer system further comprises a leveling-plate adhesive layer, the inside of which on the outside of the embedding-plate adhesive layer and the inside of the natural stone plates or ceramic tiles on the outside of the compensating plate adhesive layer adhered or applied.
  • the leveling board adhesive layer is preferably a mineral flexible mortar with environmentally friendly properties, for high-strength laying with high stability and ductility. In particular, a high Querverform sheep and resistance to the loads caused by water and freeze-thaw is achievable.
  • the processing temperature for applying the different layers of the building façade according to the invention or the building roof according to the invention must be greater than + 5 ° C., so that in each case a secure adhesion between the respective surfaces is ensured.
  • a building facade 10A as in FIG Fig. 1 shown, a supporting substrate 12 on.
  • the supporting substrate 12 is, for example, a concrete wall or masonry made of brick, which forms an outer wall, the outer side 18 of which faces the surroundings.
  • a thermal insulation composite system 16 is applied to the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12, wherein this is formed by a first adhesive layer system 20, a thermal insulation element 22 and a second adhesive layer system 24.
  • the first adhesive layer system 20 is applied with its inner side 26 on the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12 and the heat-insulating element 22 is adhesively attached with its inner side 30 on an outer side 28 of the first adhesive layer system 20.
  • the first adhesive layer system 20 is a retaining adhesive layer 20 'and serves to fix the inner side 30 of the thermal insulation element 22 to the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12 in an adhesive manner. Accordingly, the holding adhesive layer 20 'is formed as an adhesive mortar.
  • the adhesive mortar from Kerakoll® with the product name "Kerarus Eco” is preferably used.
  • the adhesive mortar is a mixture of the powdered "Kerarion Eco” with water and preferably has a basis weight of about 6.5 kg per m 2 to about 9.5 kg per m 2 .
  • a specific density of "Kerarus Eco” of about 1600 kg per m 3
  • the heat-insulating element 22 has the second adhesive layer system 24 applied to its outer side 32, wherein the second adhesive layer system 24 is formed by the embedding adhesive layer 36 and the leveling adhesive layer 42.
  • the embedding adhesive layer 36 is applied with its inner side 34 on the outer side 32 of the thermal insulation element 22 and an inner side 40 of the leveling adhesive layer 42 is adhesively bonded to an outer side 38 of the embedding adhesive layer 36.
  • the embedding adhesive layer 36 is used as embedding putty compound 36 'and in particular completely covers the outside 32 of the thermal insulation element 22.
  • the embedding putty 36 ' from the company Kerakoll® with the product name "Kerarant Eco" is used.
  • the composition of the embedding putty compound 36 'differs from the holding adhesive layer 20' in that the embedding putty compound 36 ' preferably has a weight per unit area of approximately 1.5 kg per m 2 to approx. 24.0 kg per m 2 .
  • the specific gravity of the "Kerarus Eco” of about 1600 kg per m 3 , thus results in a layer thickness between a minimum of about 0.95 mm and a maximum of about 15.0 mm for the embedding putty 36 '.
  • the embedding putty compound 36 ' preferably has a layer thickness between a minimum of approximately 4.0 mm and a maximum of approximately 6.0 mm.
  • the processing of the embedding putty 36 ' is preferably carried out at a processing temperature of greater + 5 ° C.
  • an embedding adhesive layer reinforcing element 44 is embedded in the embedding adhesive layer 36 in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the potting adhesive layer reinforcing member 44 here is an alkali resistant glass fiber 44 'by the company kerakoll ® under the product designation "RINFORZO V50" and serves as a reinforcing fabric.
  • Ring V 50 preferably has a basis weight of about 160 g per m 2 and a mesh size of about 4.0 x 4.0 mm with a breaking load of more than 2000 N per 5 cm.
  • the leveling adhesive layer 42 is preferably a mineral, highly alkaline mortar and aids in consolidating the facade structure. Consequently, the compensating adhesive layer 42 serves as a large-area compensating mortar mass 42 '.
  • the equalizing mortar mass 42 ' comes from the company kerakoll ® under the product designation "Kerabuild ® Eco Fix” is used.
  • "Kerabuild ® Eco Fix” is a powder and mixed with water for processing as leveling mortar compound 42 '.
  • the leveling mortar mass 42 ' has a basis weight of about 3.5 kg per m 2 to about 70.0 kg per m 2 .
  • the leveling mortar mass 42 has a layer thickness between a minimum of approximately 8.0 mm and a maximum of approximately 10.0 mm.
  • the processing of the compensating mortar mass 42 ' is preferably carried out at a processing temperature of greater + 5 ° C.
  • a compensating adhesive layer reinforcing element 46 is embedded in the leveling adhesive layer 42.
  • the equalizing adhesive layer reinforcing member 46 is preferably a alkali-resistant glass fiber Armid 46 "by the company kerakoll ® under the product designation" RINFORZO ARV 100 ".
  • Roleforzo ARV 100 preferably has a basis weight of about 250 g per m 2 and a mesh size of about 15 x 18 mm and serves in particular as armored tissue with a tensile strength of greater than 50 kN per m.
  • the thermal insulation composite system 16 has for anchoring the thermal insulation elements 22 on the supporting substrate 12, mechanical fastening means 48, in particular screw dowel 48 ', on, wherein the screw dowel 48' are arranged at a defined distance from each other, for optimal attachment of the thermal insulation elements 22 on the outside 18 of the supporting base 12 to ensure.
  • plate anchors 48 are preferably plate anchors 48 "with product code of” ejotherm ® STR U “by the company EJOT ® used, wherein a stainless steel screw, a hole of the plate anchor 48" penetrates and the heat insulating member 22 and is engaged with the supporting base 12th
  • the stainless steel screw is sealed to the surrounding area by a sealing plug in the borehole of the 48 "dowel plug, which has the advantage that there is no cavity between the screwed-in stainless steel screw and the environment in the borehole of the 48" dowel, in which moisture could otherwise accumulate.
  • the plate of the plate dowel 48 "is not countersunk into the leveling adhesive layer 42, but rather flush flush with an outside 50 of the leveling adhesive layer 42. In this way, the thermal insulation composite system 16, especially in case of fire, mechanical secured.
  • the plate dowels 48 are preferably formed from a plastic which has a thermal conductivity in the order of magnitude of the thermal insulation element 22.
  • the leveling adhesive layer 42 as part of the second adhesive layer system 24 is applied on its outer side 50 a plate adhesive layer system 52, wherein the outer side 50 of the compensating adhesive layer 42, in particular of the second adhesive layer system 24, adhesively bonded to an inner side 54 of the plate adhesive layer system 52 is.
  • the outer side 50 of the second adhesive layer system 24 in the present embodiment simultaneously forms the outer side 50 of the thermal insulation composite system 16 and is defined by the outer side 50 of the compensating adhesive layer 42.
  • the plate adhesive layer system 52 may comprise a single retainer plate adhesive layer 62, or further plate adhesive layers as desired exhibit.
  • the corresponding application depends on the natural stone plates 60 or ceramic plates 60 'to be fastened and is dependent inter alia on the ambient conditions.
  • a holding plate adhesive layer 62 can be used as a holding plate adhesive layer 62, in winter, for example, mineral thin-bed mortar 62 'and, in the summer, for example, mineral Flexmörtel 62 "used.
  • the mineral thin bed mortar 62 ' should quickly develop a hydraulic condition that binds the mixing water and prevents the formation of stains on the surface. In this way, a safe laying of natural stone slabs 60 is possible.
  • the mineral thin-bed mortar 62 'from the company Kerakoll ® with the product name "H40 ® Marmorex Eco with latex Eco" is used.
  • the layer thickness for the holding plate adhesive layer as thin-bed mortar 62 ' is between about 4.0 mm and about 8.0 mm.
  • the mineral flexible mortar 62 "should preferably have high transverse deformations and resistance to water and freeze-thaw cycles, thus ensuring durability of the attachment of the natural stone slabs 60 which are subject to severe temperature variations in the Summer the mineral Flexmörtel 62 "from the company Kerakoll ® with the product name” H40 ® Extraflex white "is used.
  • the layer thickness for the holding plate adhesive layer as Flexmörtel 62 " is between about 4.0 mm and about 8.0 mm.
  • the dimension of the natural stone slabs 60 should preferably have a maximum surface area of about 0.32 m 2 with a maximum width of about 40.0 cm and a maximum Do not exceed a length of approx. 80.0 cm.
  • a density of natural stone between about 2400 kg per m 3 for soft rock and about 3000 kg per m 3 for hard rock and a basis weight of natural stone slabs 60 between about 36.0 kg per m 2 and about 45.0 kg per m 2 a minimum plate thickness between about 12.0 mm and about 15.0 mm and a maximum plate thickness between about 15.0 mm and about 18.0 mm.
  • the buttering-floating method is preferably used. Accordingly, the attachment of the natural stone slabs 60 takes place directly on site, ie at the construction site.
  • the inside 58 of the natural stone plate 60 is diamond sawn, sandblasted or flamed to obtain a clean, dust-free and smooth surface.
  • calibrated natural stone slabs 60 in the format 30.0 cm x 30.0 cm or 60.0 cm x 30.0 cm with a plate thickness of about 10 mm or 12 mm is a jumbled laying technique without reconnectfugen, with careful Application possible.
  • the edges of the natural stone slabs 60 should be slightly chamfered.
  • thermal insulation elements 22 may be used.
  • the heat-insulating element 22 is preferably plate-shaped.
  • EPS 22a expanded polystyrene 22a
  • cork 22b cork 22b
  • a base as part of the building facade 10A can for the thermal insulation as a plate-shaped thermal insulation element 22nd preferably extruded polystyrene (XPS) 22c are used.
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • a second embodiment according to Fig. 2 relates to a specific application of the building facade 10B according to the invention.
  • a canopy (not shown) is preferably provided as a roof for the building facade 10B.
  • First adhesive layer system 20 in the form of the holding-adhesive layer 20 '"KeramontEco" is used by the company kerakoll ® for adhesive connection of the inner side 30 of the heat insulation element 22 with the outer side 18 of the supporting subsoil 12 of the building facade 10B.
  • the composition of the holding adhesive layer 20 ' is the same as that according to the first embodiment.
  • the potting adhesive layer 36 in particular embedding filler 36 'of the second adhesive layer system 24 is formed in the same composition of water and the powdered "Keracia Eco” by the company kerakoll ®, as was carried out in connection with the first embodiment in detail and also has embedded the embedding adhesive layer reinforcing element 44 in the form of the "Rinforzo V50" from the company Kerakoll ® .
  • Indulging in the equalizing adhesive layer 42 of the second adhesive layer 24 is only by a system naturally produced leveling mortar mass 42 "by the company kerakoll ® under the product designation” ® Biocalce Cappotto " formed without the use of a leveling adhesive layer reinforcing element.
  • the layer thickness of the naturally produced 42 "Biocalce ® Capppotto balance mortar compound is preferably about 8 mm.
  • the mechanical fasteners 48 in the form of 48 "dowel plugs with the stainless steel screw from EJOT ® with the product name" ejotherm ® STR U "as well as the plate adhesive layer system 52 come, depending on the ambient conditions, in summer, the mineral thin-bed adhesive 62 'with the product name "H40 ° Extraflex white” or in winter, the mineral Flexmörtel 62 "with the product name” H40 ® Marmorex Eco with Latex Eco "from the company Kerakoll ® used, as already in connection with the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 was executed in detail.
  • the natural stone slabs 60 or alternatively the ceramic tiles 60 'according to the second embodiment can be adhered to the outside 50 of the thermal insulation composite system 16 of the building facade 10B in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • a building facade 10C according to the invention in such a way that starting from the second embodiment according to FIG Fig. 2 the plate adhesive layer system 52 instead of the mineral thin-bed mortar with the product designation "H40 ® Extraflex white", in summer, or mineral Flexmörtels with the product name "is used," H40 ® Marmorex Eco with latex Eco ", in winter, the naturally produced glue" Biocalce ® Cappotto "by the company kerakoll ® as disk adhesive layer 62 '.
  • the layer thickness of the plates-adhesive layer 62 "'with the product name” Biocalce ® Cappotto preferably at approx. 5 mm.
  • a fourth embodiment according to Fig. 4 relates to a specific application of the inventive building facade 10D for increased fire safety.
  • a thermal insulation element 22 preferably a synthetic inorganic mineral wool is used, which in particular has refractory properties.
  • thermal insulation element 22 in connection with the fourth embodiment, either rockwool 22f or glass wool 22g used.
  • the adhesive connection of the inner side 30 of the thermal insulation element 22 with the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12 is carried out in the same manner as described in the first to third embodiment, ie with the first adhesive layer system 20 in the form of the holding adhesive layer 20 'of the company Kerakoll ® with the product "Keratine Eco".
  • a chromium-steel net 44 is applied as an embedding-adhesive layer reinforcing element 44 on the outside 32 of the heat-insulating element 22 and completely from the embedding-adhesive layer 36 of the second adhesive layer system 24 covered.
  • the leveling filler 42 is used in the present fourth embodiment, "by the company kerakoll ® under the product designation" Keraric Eco ", in this, the equalizing adhesive layer reinforcing element 46 in the form of" RINFORZO V50 " is embedded by the company Kerakoll ® .
  • the natural stone slabs 60 or, alternatively, the ceramic tiles 60 'according to the fourth embodiment can be adhered to the outside 50 of the thermal insulation composite system 16 of the building façade 10D in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments.
  • a fifth embodiment according to Fig. 5 relates to a specific application of the inventive building facade 10E with a fully biological structure.
  • the holding adhesive layer 20 'of the first adhesive layer system 20 is assembled in the same manner as explained in the previous embodiments, in addition to stabilization in the holding adhesive layer 20', a holding adhesive layer reinforcing element 20 "from the company Kerakoll ® is embedded with the product name "Rinforzo V50".
  • the thermal insulation element 22 is plate-shaped and a naturally organic cork fiber 22h, wherein the inside 30 is adhesively applied to the outside 28 of the holding adhesive layer 20 '.
  • the potting adhesive layer 36 is a naturally produced embedding mortar 36 "'by the firm kerakoll ® under the product designation" Biocalce ® Cappotto "Preferably.” Biocalce ® Cappotto "a layer thickness between about 4.0 mm and about 6.0 mm.
  • the inner side 34 of the second adhesive layer system 24, in particular the embedding adhesive layer 36, is applied to the outer side 32 of the thermal insulation element 22, and the outer side 38 of the embedding adhesive layer 36 "is adhesively bonded to the inner side 54 of the plate adhesive layer system 52 Outer side 50 of the thermal insulation composite system 16 in the present fifth embodiment by the outside 38 of the embedding adhesive layer 36 "formed.
  • the mechanical attachment of the thermal insulation composite system 16 is carried out in the fifth embodiment in the same manner as in the previous embodiments, by means of dowels 48 "with the stainless steel screw from EJOT ® with the product name” ejotherm ® STR U ".
  • a mortar mass as a plate adhesive layer 62. It comes especially the naturally-made mortar from the company Kerakoll ® the product name "Biocalce ® Cappotto" as a plate adhesive layer 62 "'used, this preferably has a layer thickness of about 5.0 mm.
  • a sixth embodiment according to Fig. 6 relates to a building roof 10E according to the invention. In the present embodiment, the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12 is formed by a thin roofing felt 64.
  • the first adhesive layer system 20 is used, as already explained above in connection with the preceding embodiments, in particular the holding adhesive layer 20 'from the company Kerakoll ® with the product name "Kerarant Eco". Accordingly, the first adhesive layer system 20 with its inner side 26 on the outer side 18 of the supporting substrate 12, in particular the roofing felt 64, adhesively applied.
  • an expanded polystyrene (EPS) base plate 22i As the thermal insulation element 22 is used in the present embodiment, an expanded polystyrene (EPS) base plate 22i.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the second adhesive layer system 24 with the embedding adhesive layer 36 and the compensating adhesive layer 42 adhesively attached to the outside 38 of the embedding adhesive layer 36 is adhesively bonded together in the same manner as explained in detail in connection with the preceding embodiment.
  • the Embedding adhesive layer 36 preferably has a layer thickness of about 5.0 mm and the leveling adhesive layer preferably has a layer thickness of about 10.0 mm.
  • the EPS base plate 22i is laid parallel to the roofing felt 64, so that mechanical fastening means in the form of plate anchors can be dispensed with entirely.
  • a specific plate adhesive layer structure is used to ensure a secure attachment of the natural stone slabs 60 on the outside 50 of the thermal insulation composite system 16.
  • the leveling adhesive layer 42 of the second adhesive layer system 24 with its outer side 50 is adhesively bonded to the inner side 54 of the holding plate adhesive layer 62.
  • the retaining plate 62 is preferably adhesive layer of the adhesive of the company kerakoll ® under the product designation "Super Flex Eco” and preferably has a layer thickness of between about 4.0 mm and about 6.0 mm.
  • the holding plate adhesive layer 62 is adhesively bonded to its outer side 56 'with an inner surface 67 of an embedding plate adhesive layer 68, wherein a holding plate adhesive layer reinforcing element 66 embedded in the embedding plate adhesive layer 68 and preferably at the Outside 56 'of the holding plate adhesive layer 62 is arranged.
  • the holding plate adhesive layer reinforcing member 66 is preferably a reinforced decoupling nonwoven by the company kerakoll ® under the product designation "Idrobuild Tex ®" and the embedding plate adhesive layer 68 is the adhesive "Superfelx Eco” by the company kerakoll ® and preferably a layer thickness between about 4.0 mm and about 6.0 mm.
  • a compensating plate adhesive layer 72 with high rubber-elastic or very elastic properties is applied on its outside 70, so that in particular high transverse deformations and, in addition, the resistance to water and freeze-thawing -Changes are possible. Accordingly, an inside 73 of the balance plate adhesive layer 72 is adhered to the outside 70 of the embedment plate adhesive layer 68.
  • a compensating plate adhesive layer 72 is preferably the adhesive from the company Kerakoll ® with the product name "H40 ® Eco Rapidflex” is used and preferably has a layer thickness between about 4.0 mm and about 6.0 mm.
  • the natural stone slabs 60 are adhesively applied with their inner side 58, in particular on the outer side 74 of the compensating plate adhesive layer 72 of the plate-adhesive layer system 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment avec un système composite pour la fixation de dalles de pierre naturelle ou de carreaux en céramique à une face externe d'un support porteur, comprenant :
    un premier système de couches adhésives (20) appliqué de façon adhésive sur une face externe (18) d'un support porteur (12) ;
    un élément d'isolation thermique (22) appliqué de façon adhésive sur une face externe (28) du premier système de couches adhésives (20) ;
    un deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) appliqué de façon adhésive sur une face externe (32) de l'élément d'isolation thermique (22), le premier système de couches adhésives (20), l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) et le deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) formant un système composite d'isolation thermique (16); le deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) présentant au moins une couche adhésive d'enrobage (36) et un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive d'enrobage (44) enrobé dans celle-ci, une face interne (26) de la couche adhésive d'enrobage (36) étant appliqué de façon adhésive sur la face externe (32) de l'élément d'isolation thermique (22), et l'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive d'enrobage (44) présentant une fibre de verre résistante aux alcalis (44') et étant façonné sous la forme d'un tissu d'armature,
    un système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) appliqué de façon adhésive sur une face externe (50) du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) ; et des dalles de pierre naturelle (60) ou des carreaux en céramique (60') appliqué de façon adhésive sur une face externe (56, 74) du système de couches adhésives de dalles (52),
    caractérisée en ce que le deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) présente en outre une couche adhésive de compensation (42) et un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de compensation (46) enrobé dans celle-ci, une face interne (40) de la couche adhésive de compensation (42) étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur une face externe (38) de la couche adhésive d'enrobage (36), et l'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de compensation (46) présentant une fibre verre-aramide résistante aux alcalis et étant façonné sous la forme d'un tissu de blindage.
  2. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les dalles de pierre naturelle (60) ou les carreaux en céramique (60') sont appliqués de façon adhésive sur la face externe (50) du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) au moyen du système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) en utilisant la méthode du double encollage.
  3. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le premier système de couches adhésives (20) présente au moins une couche adhésive de maintien (20') et préférablement un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de maintien (20") enrobé dans celle-ci, la face interne (26) de la couche adhésive de maintien (20') étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (18) du support porteur (12).
  4. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de maintien (20") présente une fibre de verre résistante aux alcalis et est façonné sous la forme d'un tissu d'armature.
  5. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le système composite d'isolation thermique (16) présente au moins un moyen de fixation mécanique (48), en particulier une cheville à visser (48'), plus préférablement une cheville à rosace (48") avec une vis en acier inoxydable, pour fixer l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) au support porteur (12), la cheville à visser (48') passant à travers l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) et s'engageant dans le support porteur (12).
  6. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) présente un matériau organique synthétique et est en particulier du polystyrène expansé (EPS) (22a) ou du polystyrène extrudé (XPS) (22c).
  7. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) présente un matériau organique naturel et est produit en particulier à partir de fibres de bois (22e), de laine de bois (22d) ou de liège (22b).
  8. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) présente une laine minérale inorganique synthétique et est produite en particulier à partir de laine de roche (22f) ou de laine de verre (22g).
  9. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 et 8, caractérisée en ce que, pour augmenter la sécurité contre l'incendie, un filet en acier chromé (44") enrobé dans la couche adhésive d'enrobage (36) est disposé en tant qu'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive d'enrobage (44) sur la face externe (32) de la laine minérale inorganique synthétique.
  10. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) présente une couche adhésive de maintien de dalles (62) et préférablement un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de maintien de dalles (66), la face interne (54) de la couche adhésive de maintien de dalles (62) étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (50) du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24).
  11. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) présente en outre une couche adhésive de dalles d'enrobage (68), la face interne (67) de celle-ci étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (56') de la couche adhésive de maintien de dalles.
  12. Façade de bâtiment ou toit de bâtiment selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) présente en outre une couche adhésive de dalles de compensation (72), la face interne (73) de celle-ci étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (70) de la couche adhésive de dalles d'enrobage (68) et la face interne (58) des dalles de pierre naturelle (60) ou des carreaux en céramique (60') étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (74) de la couche adhésive de dalles de compensation (72).
  13. Méthode pour la fixation de dalles de pierre naturelle ou de carreaux en céramique sur la face externe d'un support porteur pour la construction d'une façade de bâtiment ou d'un toit de bâtiment selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    appliquer un premier système de couches adhésives (20) sur une face externe (18) d'un support porteur (12) ;
    appliquer un élément d'isolation thermique (22) sur une face externe (28) du premier système de couches adhésives (20) ;
    appliquer un deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) sur une face externe (32) de l'élément d'isolation thermique (22), le premier système de couches adhésives (20), l'élément d'isolation thermique (22) et le deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) formant un système composite d'isolation thermique (16), au moins une couche adhésive d'enrobage (36) et un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive d'enrobage (44) enrobé dans celle-ci étant appliqué durant l'application du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24), une face interne (26) de la couche adhésive d'enrobage (36) étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur la face externe (32) de l'élément d'isolation thermique (22), et l'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive d'enrobage (44) présentant une fibre de verre résistante aux alcalis (44') et étant façonné sous la forme d'un tissu d'armature;
    appliquer un système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) sur une face externe (50) du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) ; et
    appliquer des dalles de pierre naturelle (60) ou des carreaux en céramique (60') sur une face externe (56, 74) du système de couches adhésives de dalles (52),
    caractérisée en ce qu'une couche adhésive de compensation (42) et un élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de compensation (46) enrobé dans celle-ci sont en outre appliqués lors de l'application du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24), une face interne (40) de la couche adhésive de compensation (42) étant appliquée de façon adhésive sur une face externe (38) de la couche adhésive d'enrobage (36), et l'élément de renforcement de couche adhésive de compensation (46) présentant une fibre verre-aramide résistante aux alcalis et étant façonné sous la forme d'un tissu de blindage.
  14. Méthode selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que les dalles de pierre naturelle (60) ou des carreaux en céramique (60') sont appliquées sur la face externe (50) du deuxième système de couches adhésives (24) au moyen du système de couches adhésives de dalles (52) en utilisant la méthode du double encollage.
EP13003623.9A 2013-07-18 2013-07-18 Façade ou toit de bâtiment doté de plaques en pierre naturelle ou de tuiles céramiques et procédé de fabrication Active EP2826928B1 (fr)

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