EP2910309B1 - Magnetic sorting apparatus, magnetic sorting method, and method for manufacturing iron source - Google Patents

Magnetic sorting apparatus, magnetic sorting method, and method for manufacturing iron source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2910309B1
EP2910309B1 EP13846992.9A EP13846992A EP2910309B1 EP 2910309 B1 EP2910309 B1 EP 2910309B1 EP 13846992 A EP13846992 A EP 13846992A EP 2910309 B1 EP2910309 B1 EP 2910309B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyer
belt
magnetic
powder
granular material
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EP13846992.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2910309A4 (en
EP2910309A1 (en
Inventor
Kyohei Ishida
Yoshiaki Nishina
Seiji Enoeda
Daisuke Imanishi
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
    • B03C1/18—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with magnets moving during operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B03C1/0332—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit using permanent magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/22—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation characterised by the magnetical field, special shape or generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technology to magnetically separate (separate) ferromagnetic particles from a powder and granular material containing the ferromagnetic particles and relates to, for example, a magnetic separator and a magnetic separation method, which are suitable for separating an iron content from a slag obtained as a by-product of an ironmaking process, and a method for manufacturing an iron source.
  • a slag (steelmaking slag) is generated as a by-product in a molten pig iron pretreatment or a converter decarbonization step.
  • the slag is generated on the basis of reaction of a calcium based additive added to remove impurities and unnecessary elements in the molten pig iron and a molten steel (sometimes iron and steel are collectively called iron) with these impurities and unnecessary elements. Besides the removed impurities and unnecessary elements, a high proportion of iron content is also contained in the slag.
  • the iron content has been separated and recovered.
  • the iron content is separated and recovered by the following steps. Initially, the slag is sieved to remove large (several hundreds of millimeters) blocks included in the slag. In small blocks passed through a sieve, an iron content and a slag content adhere to each other. Therefore, rough crushing into the size of several tens of micrometers to several tens of millimeters is performed with a hammer crusher, a rod mill, or the like to facilitate liberation (separation of the iron content from the slag content). Thereafter, the iron content is separated with a magnetic separator.
  • examples of apparatuses used as the magnetic separator include suspended electro magnets, magnetic drum separators, and magnetic pulleys.
  • a slag is heated and is cooled for an appropriate time, followed by crushing. It is possible to separate only the adhering slag content without crushing iron blocks or micronize the slag into several tens of micrometers depending on the cooling time.
  • the particle diameter of the slag is reduced by repeating mechanical crushing.
  • the diameter may be reduced by a heat treatment.
  • a magnetic separator shown in Fig. 8 has been previously used (for example, NPL 1).
  • This apparatus is a magnetic pulley type (belt conveyer style) magnetic separator, where a powder and granular material (a) containing ferromagnetic particles is supplied from a supply device 23 onto a conveyer belt 20, and ferromagnetic particles and non-magnetic particles are separated when the powder and granular material a is discharged from a conveyer end edge portion 27.
  • magnets 22 are disposed in part of the circumferential direction.
  • the magnets 22 are disposed in such a way that magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction of the belt guide roll 21 are different from each other.
  • the magnets 22 are stationary magnets disposed independently of the belt guide roll 21.
  • the magnetic forces of the magnets 22 inside the belt guide roll 21 act on the powder and granular material a on the conveyer belt 20 in the conveyer end edge portion 27, non-magnetic particles not attracted by the magnets 22 fall first so as to be recovered by a magnetically not-attracted material recovery portion 24y, and the ferromagnetic particles attracted by the magnets 22 pass through a partition plate 25 disposed below the belt guide roll 21 and fall at positions at which the magnetic force is weakened, so as to be recovered by a magnetically attracted material recovery portion 24x.
  • the document DE19838170 A1 is concerned with a belt-type magnetic separator in which a particle stream is separated by a magnetic field over a conveyor. This induces force and moment in conductive particles; depending on their nature, they are levitated and then fall to the ground through different trajectories.
  • the magnetic wheel of the separator has a conveyor belt running around it, which assists separation and interception of ferromagnetic particles. Particles affected by the field are fractionated in accordance with the lengths of their trajectories, which stem from their properties.
  • the micronized powder and granular material a is in the state in which ferromagnetic particles enclose non-magnetic particles, and the ferromagnetic particles and the non-magnetic particles are attracted by the magnet 22 at the same time, so that the ferromagnetic particles and the non-magnetic particles are not separated from each other easily. This becomes considerable as the particle diameter of the powder and granular material a decreases.
  • PTL 1 proposes a method in which foreign matters are separated without over-crushing the slag by undergoing a plurality of specific steps.
  • the separation flow becomes complicated and the treatment cost increases.
  • a wet process is commonly applied in order to avoid agglomeration, but there is a problem that a waste fluid disposal cost increases considerably.
  • the present inventors obtained the following findings on the magnetic separation.
  • Fig. 1 (A) to (D) schematically show the above-described actions.
  • the magnetic poles of the magnet of the portion facing the powder and granular material are referred to as the north pole and the south pole.
  • the magnet is moved from the state in which the ferromagnetic particles on the conveyer belt 2 are attracted by the north pole, as shown in Fig. 1 (A) , to the state in which a space portion between the north pole and the south pole faces the powder and granular material, as shown in Fig. 1 (B) , the magnitude of the attractive force acted on the ferromagnetic particles is changed because of the strength of the magnetic field.
  • the ferromagnetic particles are attracted in the direction of arrows because of the change in the magnetic pole from the north pole to the south pole and are moved to the magnet side while being rolled. Thereafter, as shown in Fig. 1 (C) , the ferromagnetic particles are attracted by the south pole and are further moved to the magnet side. The above-described actions are repeated and, thereby, the ferromagnetic particles originally distributed in the whole powder and granular material layer are gathered to the side nearest to the magnet in the powder and granular material layer, as shown in Fig. 1 (D) .
  • This phenomenon always occurs if at least one of the magnet and the powder and granular material a is moved, and the same goes for the case where the magnet is fixed and only the powder and granular material a is moved.
  • Fig. 1 (A) to (D) show the case where the magnets are moved from the right side to the left side in the drawing, although the same goes for the case where the magnets are moved from the left side to the right side in the drawing, in theory.
  • the present inventors found that the ferromagnetic particles were able to be magnetically separated efficiently by applying the above-described mechanism to a belt conveyer style magnetic separator, disposing magnets inside the belt guide roll on the conveyer end edge side in such a way that adjacent magnetic poles in the portion facing the powder and granular material were arranged to become different from each other along the circumferential direction of the belt guide roll and, in addition, in such a way that adjacent magnetic poles in the portion facing the powder and granular material were arranged to become the same in the width direction of the belt guide roll, and moving the powder and granular material in the magnetic field formed by these magnets.
  • the effect is further enhanced by rotating the magnets and, thereby, changing the strength and the direction of the magnetic field acted on the ferromagnetic particles at a high speed.
  • the present invention has been made on the basis of the above-described findings and it is defined by a magnetic separator in accordance with claim 1, a magnetic separation method in accordance with claim 5 and a method for manufacturing an iron source in accordance with claim 7. Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
  • ferromagnetic particles are separated from a powder and granular material containing the ferromagnetic particles in one separation step efficiently and magnetic separation can be performed at a low cost without the need for complicated steps, waste fluid disposal, and the like even in the case where a large amount of powder and granular material containing ferromagnetic particles is treated and in the case where the layer of a supplied powder and granular material is thick.
  • a magnetic separator and a magnetic separation method according to the present invention are to separate ferromagnetic particles from a powder and granular material containing the ferromagnetic particles by a magnetic force.
  • the magnetic separator according to the present invention includes a belt to carry the powder and granular material, a rotatable belt guide roll having an outer circumference partly wound with the above-described or an other belt, and a magnetic field application device provided with a plurality of magnets disposed inside the guide roll.
  • the magnets are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles of the portion facing the powder and granular material come into alternate sequence along the circumferential direction of the belt guide roll and, in addition, are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles of the portion facing the powder and granular material become the same in the width direction of the belt guide roll.
  • the magnetic poles are the same in the width direction, a uniform magnetic field is formed and the force acted on the ferromagnetic particles also becomes uniform, and the separation efficiency of the ferromagnetic particles can be enhanced.
  • the magnetic separation method according to the present invention separates ferromagnetic particles from a powder and granular material containing the ferromagnetic particles by using the magnetic separator having the above-described configuration.
  • the magnetic field change frequency F (Hz), which is defined by the following formula (1) and which indicates changes in the strength of the magnetic field acted on the powder and granular material from the magnetic field application device, is specified to be 170 Hz or more.
  • the magnetic field change frequency F is more preferably 200 Hz or more.
  • x the number of revolutions per minute of magnet roll (rpm)
  • P the number of magnetic poles provided to magnet roll and disposed in the circumferential direction of magnet roll (in this regard, as for the number of magnetic poles, a pair of the north pole and the south pole adjacent in the circumferential direction of the surface facing the powder and granular material (a) of the magnet roll 4r is counted as one magnetic pole and, for example, in the case where the north pole [a], the south pole [b], and the north pole [c] are aligned in the circumferential direction, the pair of the north pole [a] and the south pole [b] is counted as one magnetic pole and the pair of the south pole [b] and the north pole [c] is counted as one magnetic pole)
  • High-speed changes in the strength and the direction of the magnetic field acted on the powder and granular material are allowed to occur by specifying the magnetic field change frequency F (Hz) of the magnetic field application device to be 170 Hz or more, and preferably 200 Hz or more, so that it becomes possible to separate the ferromagnetic particles contained in the powder and granular material accurately.
  • F magnetic field change frequency
  • Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a magnetic separator according to a first embodiment of the present invention and an embodiment of a magnetic separation method by using this apparatus.
  • the apparatus includes a first belt conveyer A to carry a powder and granular material (a) and a second belt conveyer B which is located above the belt conveyer A and which attracts and separates ferromagnetic particles, by magnets, from the powder and granular material a carried with the belt conveyer A.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a conveyer belt
  • reference numeral 8 denotes a belt guide roll on the conveyer start edge portion 14 side
  • reference numeral 9 denotes a belt guide roll on the conveyer end edge portion 10 side.
  • the conveyer belt 1 is disposed between the belt guide rolls 8 and 9 and, thereby, the belt conveyer A is constructed.
  • reference numeral 2 denotes a conveyer belt
  • reference numeral 3 denotes a belt guide roll at the conveyer start edge portion 11 side
  • reference numeral 13 denotes a belt guide roll at the conveyer end edge portion 12 side.
  • the conveyer belt 2 is disposed between the belt guide rolls 3 and 13 and, thereby, the belt conveyer B is constructed.
  • the belt guide roll 3 is configured to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the belt guide roll 13 and the axis of rotation of the belt guide roll 13 is located upper than the axis of rotation of the belt guide roll 3, so that the upper surface of the conveyer belt 2 (an upper belt portion between the belt guide rolls 3 and 13) is almost horizontal. However, the upper surface of the conveyer belt 2 may come down toward the belt guide roll 13.
  • a supply device 6 to supply the powder and granular material a containing the ferromagnetic particles is disposed above the conveyer belt 1 and at the position near to the conveyer start edge portion 14 of the belt conveyer A.
  • the ferromagnetic particles attracted and held on the belt conveyer B side are carried with the belt conveyer B and, thereafter, discharged from the conveyer end edge portion 12. Therefore, a magnetically attracted material recovery portion 7x is disposed below the conveyer end edge portion 12 of the belt conveyer B. Also, non-magnetic particles fall below the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B, so that a magnetically not-attracted material recovery portion 7y is disposed at that position.
  • the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B is closely located above the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A.
  • the belt guide rolls 8 and 9 of the belt conveyer A and the belt guide rolls 3 and 13 of the belt conveyer B are rotated in the directions reverse to each other and the conveyer belts 1 and 2 are moved in the same direction in the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A and the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B.
  • any one of the belt guide rolls 3 and 13 may be a driven roll driven by a drive device, e.g., a motor.
  • the belt guide roll 13 is a driven roll and the belt guide roll 3 is a non-driven roll.
  • the belt guide roll 3 is formed from a sleeve body with a hollow inside and is rotatably supported.
  • a magnet roll 4r serving as a magnetic field application device provided with a plurality of magnets 5 is disposed inside the belt guide roll 3.
  • the magnet roll 4r is configured to be be able to rotate independently of the belt guide roll 3.
  • the magnet roll 4r is provided with the plurality of magnets 5 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction and the width direction of the belt guide roll 3.
  • the plurality of magnets 5 are arranged with magnetic poles aligned in such a way that alternating north poles and south poles adjoin over 360° in the roll circumference direction of the magnet roll 4r. Also, the plurality of magnets 5 are arranged in such a way that the same magnetic poles are aligned in the width direction of the magnet roll 4r.
  • the number of magnets 5 arranged in the roll circumferential direction, the interval of the magnets 5, and the like are not specifically limited. Higher speed of changes in the strength and the direction of the magnetic field are obtained by increasing the number of the magnets 5 or reducing the interval of the magnets 5. Put another way, high-speed changes in the magnetic field are obtained even when the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r is low.
  • the strength of the magnetic field due to the magnets 5 is not specifically limited.
  • the magnets 5 are selected in such a way that about 0.01 to 0.5 T is ensured in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 3 in accordance with an object. If the magnetic field is too weak, the effect of the magnet roll 4r is not obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the magnetic field is too strong, the attractive force acted on the ferromagnetic particles is too strong and, on the contrary, separation of the ferromagnetic particles may be hindered.
  • the magnetic field is switched in the manner of strong ⁇ weak ⁇ strong ⁇ weak ⁇ ⁇ and the effect on the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material layer is repeated in the manner of gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ ⁇ because of the plurality of magnets 5 arranged at the predetermined interval and the space portions between adjacent magnets 5.
  • the width of space portions between magnets 5 adjacent in the circumferential direction is not specifically limited, although about 1 to 50 mm is appropriate to obtain the above-described effects.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of the belt guide roll of the magnetic separator according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the magnet roll 4r provided with the plurality of magnets is disposed inside the belt guide roll 3.
  • Reference numeral 40 denotes a roll shaft of the magnet roll 4r.
  • Roll shafts 30 at both ends of the belt guide roll 3 are allowed to cover the roll shaft 40 of the magnet roll 4r disposed inside the belt guide roll 3 and are fitted to the roll shaft 40 with a bearing 15 (metal bearing, roller bearing, or the like) therebetween.
  • the belt guide roll 3 and the magnet roll 4r can be rotated independently of each other and the roll shaft 30 and the roll shaft 40 can take various forms.
  • the magnet roll 4r is a roll rotated by a device, e.g., a motor, and the rotational direction thereof may be the same as or reverse to the direction of the belt guide roll 3. In general, the rotation is in the direction reverse to the direction of the belt guide roll 3. In this regard, the magnet roll 4r is rotated at a speed higher than the speed of the belt guide roll 3.
  • a device e.g., a motor
  • the magnetic field change frequency F (Hz), which is defined by the following formula (1), of the magnet roll 4r is specified to be preferably 170 Hz or more.
  • the magnetic field change frequency is more preferably 200 Hz or more.
  • x the number of revolutions per minute of magnet roll 4r (rpm)
  • P the number of magnetic poles provided to magnet roll 4r (in this regard, as for the number of magnetic poles, a pair of the north pole and the south pole adjacent in the circumferential direction of the surface facing the powder and granular material (a) of the magnet roll 4r is counted as one magnetic pole) and, for example, in the case where the north pole [a], the south pole [b], and the north pole [c] are aligned in the circumferential direction, the pair of the north pole [a] and the south pole [b] is counted as one magnetic pole and the pair of the south pole [b] and the north pole [c] is counted as one magnetic pole.
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r when the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r is specified to be 1,000 rpm, the magnetic field change frequency results in 200 Hz. Also, in the case where 24 poles (a pair of the north pole and the south pole is counted as one magnetic pole) of magnets are disposed in the circumferential direction and the magnetic field change frequency is specified to be 200 Hz likewise, the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r may be 500 rpm.
  • the upper limit of the magnetic field change frequency is about 1,000 Hz because there is a mechanical upper limit to the number of revolutions per minute of the magnet roll 4r and the effect of changes in the magnetic field may be saturated even when the frequency is increased.
  • the size of the magnet 5 is not specifically limited insofar as the size is suitable for arranging the predetermined number of magnets 5.
  • the magnetic poles of one magnet 5 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic pole on the inner circumferential side of the magnet roll 4r is different from the magnetic pole on the outer circumferential side.
  • the magnets 5 may be disposed in such a way that the different magnetic poles of one magnet 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the magnet roll 4r.
  • the north pole and the south pole are disposed alternately, so that the ferromagnetic particles can be separated efficiently.
  • the north pole and the south pole may be disposed with a space portion therebetween.
  • the north poles may be disposed with a space portion therebetween and the south poles may be disposed with a space portion therebetween.
  • the space portions between the magnets 5 may be filled with a resin or the like, and a cover may be attached to the outer circumference of the magnet roll 4r.
  • the rotational direction of the magnet roll 4r may be either (i) the direction reverse to the movement direction of the conveyer belt 2 (the rotational direction of the belt guide roll 3) or (ii) the same direction as the movement direction of the conveyer belt 2 (the rotational direction of the belt guide roll 3).
  • a carrying force is exerted on the ferromagnetic particles to move in the direction reverse to the rotational direction of the magnet roll 4r because of the action of the magnetic field of the rotating magnet roll 4r.
  • the carrying force exerted on the ferromagnetic particles by the magnetic field and the frictional force between the conveyer belt 2 and the ferromagnetic particles become the same direction.
  • the ferromagnetic particle separation efficiency is slightly lower than that in the case of the item (ii), but the ferromagnetic particles do not stay on the conveyer belt 2 and, therefore, there is an advantage that the particles can be carried smoothly.
  • the belt feed speeds of the conveyer belts 1 and 2 of the belt conveyers A and B may be specified to be speeds required for the treatment process.
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r is determined in such a way that the speed of changes in the magnetic field becomes sufficiently high relative to this belt feed speed.
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 4r be set in such a way as to satisfy the above-described condition represented by the formula (1).
  • a sufficient thickness of powder and granular material a containing the ferromagnetic particles is supplied from the supply device 6 to the moving conveyer belt 1 of the belt conveyer A, while the belt conveyers A and B are operated.
  • This powder and granular material a is carried to the conveyer end edge portion 10.
  • the upper surface of the powder and granular material a carried with the conveyer belt 1 is brought into contact with the lower surface of the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B in the vicinity of the conveyer end edge portion 10, and the powder and granular material a slips between the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A and the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B.
  • the magnetic field of the magnetic field application device 4 of the belt conveyer B is exerted on the powder and granular material a.
  • the ferromagnetic particles in the form of enclosing non-magnetic particles in the powder and granular material a are attached to the lower surface side of the belt conveyer B because of the magnetic force of the magnet roll 4r serving as the magnetic field application device 4 and are carried with the conveyer belt 2.
  • the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a undergo action of the magnetic field of the magnets 5 included in the magnet roll 4r and the strength of the magnetic field is switched in the manner of strong ⁇ weak ⁇ strong ⁇ weak ⁇ ⁇ instantaneously because of the rotation of the magnet roll 4r.
  • the effect in the manner of gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ ⁇ is repeated on the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material layer.
  • the magnetic field application device is formed from the magnet roll 4r which is rotated independently of the belt guide roll 3, as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 , the ferromagnetic particles can be efficiently magnetically separated even when the thickness of the powder and granular material a supplied to the conveyer belt 1 is sufficiently increased, as shown in Fig.
  • the ferromagnetic particles can be magnetically separated from the powder and granular material a efficiently, even if the thickness of the powder and granular material a supplied to the conveyer belt 1 is large. That is, the ferromagnetic particles can be magnetically separated from the powder and granular material a efficiently and quickly.
  • the magnet roll 4r is rotated and, thereby, 100 times or more in number of changes in the strength and the direction of the magnetic field are given easily while the powder and granular material a is carried along the belt guide roll 3 of the belt conveyer B.
  • the behavior of the ferromagnetic particles in the magnetic field is changed depending on the powder and granular material a concerned, so that the number of revolutions per minute of the magnet roll 4r can be adjusted to obtain appropriate performance.
  • the magnetic separator according to the present first embodiment can magnetically separate the ferromagnetic particles from the powder and granular material a efficiently. Therefore, in magnetic separation of the powder and granular material a by using this apparatus, as shown in Fig. 2 , it is desirable that the powder and granular material be supplied from the supply device 6 to the conveyer belt 1 of the belt conveyer A with a layer thickness larger than the diameter of the smallest particle contained in the powder and granular material a and, in addition, with a layer thickness which allows the magnetic force to act sufficiently. Specifically, the thickness of the powder and granular material may be 20 to 30 mm.
  • the powder and granular material which is the object of magnetic separation by the apparatus according to the present first embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • examples thereof include slag, e.g., ironmaking slag, and tailing ores.
  • slag e.g., ironmaking slag
  • tailing ores e.g., ironmaking slag
  • application to the magnetic separation of slag is favorable.
  • the ironmaking slag is micronized. If the micronization is insufficient, the recovery rate of the iron content is not improved. There are various steps in the ironmaking and steelmaking processes to generate the ironmaking slag, so that various types of slags are generated.
  • the slag particle diameter after the micronization is determined depending on the slag. In many cases, micronization to several tens of micrometers to about 1 millimeter is required depending on the form of iron contained. The common method for micronization is crushing.
  • Crushing with a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher is performed as rough crushing and, thereafter, crushing is performed by using a ball mill, a rod mill, a jet mill, a pin mill, an impact mill, or the like for the purpose of micronization.
  • a method in which heating to about 1,000°C to 1,300°C is performed and, thereafter, cooling is performed gradually is also mentioned.
  • the magnetic separator according to the present invention, where the object is the micronized slag.
  • the iron content can be separated and recovered from the slag efficiently by the present invention.
  • magnets 5 are disposed over the width direction of the belt guide roll 3 (magnet roll 4r) in such a way that the magnetic poles of the portion facing the powder and granular material a become the same.
  • a uniform magnetic field is formed and a force acted on the ferromagnetic particles becomes uniform.
  • the magnets 5 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles are different in the width direction, the magnetic field becomes nonuniform and portions, where ferromagnetic particles are not separated, result locally, so that the separation efficiency is reduced.
  • the members around the rotating magnet roll are influenced by an eddy-current effect due to the changing magnetic field, and metal members, which are even non-magnetic materials, are heated by the eddy current. Consequently, the conveyer belt 2 and the belt guide roll 3 of the belt conveyer B according to the present embodiment are formed from nonmetal, e.g., resin or ceramics.
  • the apparatus according to the present first embodiment separates the ferromagnetic particles by allowing the magnetic field of the magnet roll 4r disposed inside the belt guide roll 3 on the conveyer start edge portion 11 side of the belt conveyer B to act on the powder and granular material a (powder and granular material layer) carried with the belt conveyer A and attracting and moving the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a to the lower surface side of the belt conveyer B. Therefore, the distance between the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A and the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B may be a dimension at which the magnetic force of the magnet roll 4r acts on the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a sufficiently.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a magnetic separator according to the modified example 1 of the the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the positional relationship between the belt conveyer A and the belt conveyer B is specified to be a form different from the form shown in Fig. 2 . That is, the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B is closely located above the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A, and the belt guide rolls 8 and 9 of the belt conveyer A and the belt guide rolls 3 and 13 of the belt conveyer B are rotated in the same direction. Meanwhile, the conveyer belts 1 and 2 are moved in the directions reverse to each other in the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A and the conveyer start edge portion 11 of the belt conveyer B.
  • the ferromagnetic particles can be separated.
  • the configuration other than the positional relationship between the belt conveyers A and B is substantially the same as the configuration of the first embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and, therefore, the explanations thereof will not be provided.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the modified example 2 of the magnetic separator according to the first embodiment of the present invention and a magnetic separation method by using this apparatus.
  • the belt guide roll 3 is formed from a sleeve body with a hollow inside and is rotatably supported.
  • a magnetic field application device 4 provided with a plurality of magnets 5, which are arranged at a predetermined interval along the roll circumferential direction, is disposed inside the belt guide roll 3.
  • the magnetic field application device 4 in the modified example 2 is not rotated in contrast to the magnet roll 4r in the first embodiment.
  • the magnets 5 of the magnetic field application device 4 are disposed independently of the belt guide roll 3 and are stationary magnets which are not rotated.
  • the magnets 5 of the magnetic field application device 4 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles adjacent in the roll circumferential direction are different from each other and, in addition, are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles adjacent in the roll width direction are the same.
  • the range of disposition of the magnets 5 in the roll circumferential direction is the range of at least about 180° (one-half the circumference of the belt guide roll 3) which is from the lower edge portion of the belt guide roll 3 (the position facing the conveyer end edge portion 10 of the belt conveyer A) to the top position of the belt guide roll 3.
  • the range of disposition of the magnets 5 can be reduced by disposing the magnets 5 in such a way that the magnets 5 are fixed and are not rotated, as in the modified example 2.
  • the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a are attracted by the magnetic field application device 4 provided with stationary magnets 5, and the powder and granular material a (or part thereof) having the form, in which the ferromagnetic particles enclose non-magnetic particles, is attached to (held by) the lower surface side of the belt conveyer B and are carried with the conveyer belt 2.
  • the effect is small as compared with the effect of the magnet roll 4r shown in Fig.
  • the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a undergo action of the magnetic force of the magnets 5 included in the magnetic field application device 4 and the magnetic field is switched in the manner of strong ⁇ weak ⁇ strong ⁇ weak ⁇ ⁇ during carrying with the conveyer belt 2. Consequently, the manner of gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ ⁇ is repeated with respect to the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a, so that the same quality of effect as with the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is obtained.
  • the magnetic field does not change at a high speed in contrast to the magnet roll 4r shown in Fig. 2 and, therefore, the magnetic separability and the treatment speed are low as compared with those in the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the magnetic separator according to the modified example 2 has operation advantages, such as, (i) in the adopted basic system, the magnetic field by the magnetic field application device 4 included in the second belt conveyer B is acted on the powder and granular material a, which is discharged from the first belt conveyer A, from above to attract the ferromagnetic material contained in the powder and granular material a and move to the belt conveyer B side, so that enclosure and entanglement of the non-magnetic particles by the ferromagnetic particles can be reduced as compared with those of the apparatus in the related conventional art and, in addition, (ii) entanglement and enclosure of the non-magnetic particles by the ferromagnetic particles are resolved on the basis of changes in the magnetic field by the magnetic field application device 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of a belt guide roll of a modified example 3 of the magnetic separator according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 .
  • magnets 5 are included in the magnet roll 4r, where a plurality of magnets 5 are disposed in the circumferential direction of the belt guide roll 3 (magnet roll 4r) and only one magnet 5 is disposed in the width direction of the belt guide roll 3 (magnet roll 4r).
  • the magnets 5 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles facing the powder and granular material a come into alternate sequence along the circumferential direction.
  • the magnets 5 may have the above-described configuration.
  • Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a magnetic separator not covered by the claimed invention and a magnetic separation method by using this apparatus.
  • the magnetic separator according to the embodiment not covered by the claimed invention is a belt conveyer style magnetic separator as with the first embodiment.
  • the magnetic separator according to the embodiment not covered by the claimed invention supplies a powder and granular material (a) containing ferromagnetic particles from a supply device to a conveyer belt 201 and attracts and separates the ferromagnetic particles, by a magnetic force, from non-magnetic particles when the powder and granular material a is discharged from a conveyer end edge portion 2010.
  • reference numeral 201 denotes a conveyer belt
  • reference numeral 202 denotes a belt guide roll on the conveyer end edge portion 2010 side
  • reference numeral 208 denotes a belt guide roll on the conveyer start edge portion 2011 side.
  • the conveyer belt 201 is disposed between the belt guide rolls 202 and 208 and, thereby, the belt conveyer is formed.
  • the belt guide roll 208 is driven by a drive device, e.g., a motor, and thereby, the conveyer belt 201 is rotated in the belt conveyer.
  • the belt guide roll 202 is a non-driven roll and is formed from a sleeve body with a hollow inside.
  • a magnet roll 203 is disposed inside the belt guide roll 202.
  • the configuration of the magnet roll 203 is substantially the same as the configuration shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the magnet roll 203 is provided with a plurality of magnets 205 arranged in the circumference direction and the width direction thereof at predetermined intervals and, in addition, the magnetic poles of the magnets 205 adjacent in the roll circumferential direction are different magnetic poles (north pole, south pole). That is, magnets 205 are arranged in such a way that the north poles and the south poles are arranged alternately in the roll circumference direction.
  • the plurality of magnets 205 are arranged in such a way that the same magnetic poles are aligned in the roll width direction.
  • the magnet roll 203 is a roll rotated by a motor or the like and is rotated in the direction reverse to the direction of the belt guide roll 202. Also, as described later, this magnet roll 203 is rotated at a speed higher than the speed of the belt guide roll 202.
  • the members around the rotating magnet roll are influenced by an eddy-current effect due to the changing magnetic field, and metal members, which are even non-magnetic materials, are heated by the eddy current. Consequently, the conveyer belt 201 and the belt guide roll 202 are formed from a nonmetal, e.g., a resin or ceramics.
  • the magnets 205 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles become the same over the width direction of the magnet roll 203. In the case where the same magnetic poles are arranged in the width direction, a uniform magnetic field is formed and a force acted on the ferromagnetic particles becomes uniform. However, if the magnets 205 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic poles are different in the width direction, the magnetic field becomes nonuniform and portions, where ferromagnetic particles are not separated, result locally, so that the separation efficiency is reduced.
  • the magnet 205 one magnet may be disposed in the width direction, as shown in Fig. 6 , or appropriately divided magnets may be disposed, as shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the number of magnets 205 arranged along the outer circumference of the magnet roll 203, the arrangement interval, and the like are not specifically limited. High-speed changes in the magnetic field are obtained even when the rotational speed is low by increasing the number of the magnets 205 or reducing the arrangement interval.
  • the magnetic field change frequency F (Hz), which is defined by the following formula (1), of the magnet roll 203 is preferably 170 Hz or more.
  • the magnetic field change frequency is more preferably 200 Hz or more.
  • x the number of revolutions per minute of magnet roll (rpm)
  • P the number of magnetic poles provided to magnet roll (in this regard, as for the number of magnetic poles, a pair of the north pole and the south pole adjacent in the circumferential direction of the surface facing the powder and granular material (a) of the magnet roll 203 is counted as one magnetic pole and, for example, in the case where the north pole [a], the south pole [b], and the north pole [c] are aligned in the circumferential direction, the pair of the north pole [a] and the south pole [b] is counted as one magnetic pole and the pair of the south pole [b] and the north pole [c] is counted as one magnetic pole)
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 203 when the rotational speed of the magnet roll 203 is specified to be 1,000 rpm, the magnetic field change frequency results in 200 Hz.
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 203 may be 500 rpm.
  • the upper limit of the magnetic field change frequency is about 1,000 Hz because there is a mechanical upper limit to the number of revolutions per minute of the magnet roll 203 and the effect of changes in the magnetic field may be saturated even when the frequency is increased.
  • the size of the magnet 205 is not specifically limited insofar as the size is suitable for arranging the predetermined number of magnets.
  • the strength of the magnetic field due to the magnets 205 is not specifically limited.
  • the magnets 205 are selected in such a way that about 0.01 to 0.5 T is ensured in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 202 in accordance with an object. If the magnetic field is too weak, the effect of the magnet roll 203 is not obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the magnetic field is too strong, the attractive force acted on the ferromagnetic particles is too strong and separation of the ferromagnetic particles on the basis of the above-described principle ( Fig. 1 (A) to (D) ) may be hindered conversely.
  • the width of space portions between adjacent magnets 205 in the roll circumferential direction is not specifically limited, although about 1 to 50 mm is appropriate in order that the state in which the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material layer are released from the magnetic field occurs appropriately, whereas the state in which the magnetic field is weakened does not continue for a long time.
  • a partition plate 206 is disposed below (just below) the belt guide roll 202 and along the conveyer belt width direction.
  • a clearance S for allowing the passage of the ferromagnetic particles is disposed between the upper edge portion of the partition plate 206 and the conveyer belt 201 (conveyer belt portion with the movement direction reversed by the belt guide roll 202).
  • the partition plate 206 is disposed in such a form for the purpose of avoiding mixing of the non-magnetic particles with the ferromagnetic particles during falling because the fall area of the non-magnetic particles and the fall area of the ferromagnetic particles are adjacent to each other.
  • a magnetically attracted material recovery portion 207x and a magnetically not-attracted material recovery portion 207y are disposed at positions sandwiching the partition plate 206 in the conveyer belt movement direction. That is, the magnetically attracted material recovery portion 207x is disposed at the position on the conveyer start edge portion 2011 side (fall area of the ferromagnetic particles) and the magnetically not-attracted material recovery portion 207y is disposed on the position of the conveyer end edge portion 2010 side (fall area of the non-magnetic particles), while the partition plate 206 is sandwiched between them.
  • the belt feed speed of the conveyer belt 201 may be specified to be a speed required for the treatment process.
  • the rotational speed of the magnet roll 203 is determined in such a way that the speed of changes in the magnetic field become sufficiently high relative to this belt feed speed.
  • a sufficient thickness of powder and granular material a containing the ferromagnetic particles is supplied from a supply device 204 to the conveyer belt 201 in operation and is carried to the conveyer end edge portion 2010 (positions of the belt guide roll 202 and the magnet roll 203). Then, when the powder and granular material a on the conveyer belt 201 is discharged from the conveyer end edge portion 2010, the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a undergo action of the magnetic field of the magnets 205 included in the magnet roll 203 and the strength of the magnetic field is switched in the manner of strong ⁇ weak ⁇ strong ⁇ weak ⁇ ⁇ instantaneously because of the rotation of the magnet roll 203. The effect in the manner of gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ gathering ⁇ dispersion ⁇ ⁇ is repeated on the ferromagnetic particles in the powder and granular material a.
  • the powder and granular material a is fed along the arc of the belt guide roll 202 in association with the movement of the conveyer belt 201, and the non-magnetic particles fall freely by gravity in a region of one-quarter turn to one-half turn.
  • the mass of the ferromagnetic particles is reduced because of micronization, and the strength of the magnetic field is sufficiently high. Therefore, the ferromagnetic particles are attracted by the magnet immediately on the occasion of fall from the conveyer belt 201. Consequently, the ferromagnetic particles are fed in the movement direction of the conveyer belt 201 and fall freely outside the magnetic field area after one-half turn or more.
  • the non-magnetic particles which fall first are recovered into the magnetically not-attracted material recovery portion 207y and the ferromagnetic particles which fall thereafter are recovered into the magnetically attracted material recovery portion 207x.
  • the partition plate 206 may be adjusted in accordance with the feed speed of the conveyer belt 201 and the falling behavior of the powder and granular material a.
  • magnets 205 are disposed over the width direction of the belt guide roll 202 (magnet roll 203) in such a way that the magnetic poles facing the powder and granular material a become the same. Consequently, there are advantages that a uniform magnetic field is formed in the width direction and the magnetic force acted on the ferromagnetic particles becomes uniform.
  • the ferromagnetic particles can be efficiently magnetically separated even when the layer thickness of the powder and granular material a supplied to the conveyer belt 201 is sufficiently increased, as shown in Fig.
  • the agitation behavior changes depending on the powder and granular material a, so that the number of revolutions per minute of the magnet roll 203 can be adjusted in such a way that appropriate performance is obtained.
  • the magnetic separator according to the embodiment not covered by the claimed invention can magnetically separate the ferromagnetic particles from the powder and granular material a efficiently. Therefore, in magnetic separation of the powder and granular material a by using this apparatus, as shown in Fig. 7 , it is desirable that the powder and granular material be supplied from the supply device 204 to the conveyer belt 201 with a layer thickness larger than the diameter of the smallest particle contained in the powder and granular material a and, in addition, with a layer thickness which allows the magnetic force to act sufficiently. Specifically, the thickness of the powder and granular material may be 20 to 30 mm.
  • the clearance S between the upper edge portion of the partition plate 206 and the conveyer belt 201 be smaller than the layer thickness of the powder and granular material a supplied from the supply device 204 to the conveyer belt 201.
  • the purpose of disposition of the partition plate 206 is as described above.
  • the upper edge portion of the partition plate 206 be brought close to the conveyer belt 201 as much as possible. Specifically, mixing of the ferromagnetic particles with the non-magnetic particles can be prevented by specifying the clearance S to be smaller than the layer thickness of the powder and granular material a.
  • the powder and granular material which is the object of magnetic separation by the apparatus according to the embodiment not covered by the claimed invention is not specifically limited.
  • examples thereof include slag, e.g., ironmaking slag, and tailing ores.
  • slag e.g., ironmaking slag
  • tailing ores e.g., ironmaking slag
  • application to the magnetic separation of slag is favorable.
  • the ironmaking slag is micronized. If the micronization is insufficient, the recovery rate of the iron content is not improved. There are various steps in the ironmaking and steelmaking processes to generate the ironmaking slag, so that various types of slags are generated.
  • the slag particle diameter after the micronization is determined depending on the slag. In many cases, micronization to several tens of micrometers to about 1 millimeter is required depending on the form of iron contained. The common method for micronization is crushing.
  • Crushing with a jaw crusher or a hammer crusher is performed as rough crushing and, thereafter, crushing is performed by using a ball mill, a rod mill, a jet mill, a pin mill, an impact mill, or the like for the purpose of micronization.
  • a method in which heating to about 1,000°C to 1,300°C is performed and, thereafter, cooling is performed gradually is also mentioned.
  • magnetic separation is performed by the magnetic separator not covered by the claimed invention, where the object is the micronized slag. Consequently, the iron content can be separated and recovered from the slag efficiently, and the productivity of a slag treatment line can be enhanced.
  • the present invention is not limited to the magnetic separator and magnetic separation method according to the above-described first embodiment, and various design changes can be performed , as long as they fall within the scope of the appended claims Also, execution as a method for producing an iron source to produce the iron source from a by-product of the ironmaking process is possible by using the magnetic separation method according to the first embodiment.
  • Magnetic separation of a steelmaking slag was performed by using the magnetic separator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2 .
  • a crushed material of a steelmaking slag was sifted through a 400- ⁇ m sieve and, thereafter, the slag passed through the mesh of the sieve was taken as an object powder and granular material of magnetic separation.
  • the iron concentration in this powder and granular material was 54 percent by mass.
  • the supply layer thickness of the powder and granular material on the conveyer belt 1 of the belt conveyer A was specified to be 7 mm.
  • the outside diameter of the belt guide roll 3 of the belt conveyer B was 300 mm, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet roll 4r was 12 poles (where the pair of the north pole and the south pole was specified to be one magnetic pole), the feed speeds of the conveyer belts 1 and 2 of the belt conveyers A and B were 0.5 m/sec., the rotational speed of the belt guide roll 3 was 31.9 rpm, and the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 3 was 0.2 T.
  • same powder and granular material of the same steelmaking slag was magnetically separated by using a magnetic drum separator A (the magnetic field strength on the drum surface: 0.16 T) and a magnetic pulley B (the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll: 0.2 T) commonly used in the related conventional art at a feed speed of 0.5 m/sec.
  • a magnetic drum separator A the magnetic field strength on the drum surface: 0.16 T
  • a magnetic pulley B the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll: 0.2 T
  • both the iron concentration in the magnetic attraction recovered material and the iron recovery rate from the slag took on high values.
  • both the iron concentration in the magnetic attraction recovered material and the iron recovery rate from the slag took on higher values.
  • Magnetic separation of a steelmaking slag was performed by using the magnetic separator according to the embodiment not covered by the claimed invention , as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • a crushed material of a steelmaking slag was sifted through a 400- ⁇ m sieve and, thereafter, the slag passed through the mesh of the sieve was taken as an object powder and granular material of magnetic separation.
  • the iron concentration in this powder and granular material was 54 percent by mass.
  • the supply layer thickness of the powder and granular material on the conveyer belt 201 was specified to be 7 mm.
  • the outside diameter of the belt guide roll 202 was 300 mm, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet roll 203 was 12 poles (where the pair of the north pole and the south pole was specified to be one magnetic pole), the feed speed of the conveyer belt 201 was 0.5 m/sec., the rotational speed of the belt guide roll 202 was 31.9 rpm, and the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 202 was 0.2 T.
  • same powder and granular material of the same steelmaking slag was magnetically separated by using a magnetic drum separator A (the magnetic field strength on the drum surface: 0.16 T) and a magnetic pulley B (the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 202: 0.2 T) commonly used in the related conventional art at a feed speed of 0.5 m/sec.
  • a magnetic drum separator A the magnetic field strength on the drum surface: 0.16 T
  • a magnetic pulley B the magnetic field strength in the conveyer belt portion in contact with the belt guide roll 202: 0.2 T
  • both the iron concentration in the magnetic attraction recovered material and the iron recovery rate from the slag took on high values.
  • both the iron concentration in the magnetic attraction recovered material and the iron recovery rate from the slag took on higher values.

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  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Belt Conveyors (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
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CN109433414B (zh) * 2018-12-20 2020-04-07 清华苏州环境创新研究院 涡电流分选机装置
CN110641755A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-01-03 厦门佰顺兴自动化科技有限公司 一种多晶硅表金属去除装置
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CN104736249A (zh) 2015-06-24
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WO2014061256A1 (ja) 2014-04-24
JP5773089B2 (ja) 2015-09-02
IN2015MN00483A (zh) 2015-09-11
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EP2910309A1 (en) 2015-08-26
KR102023543B1 (ko) 2019-09-20

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