EP2899286A2 - Heizung mit Mantel, Glühkerze - Google Patents

Heizung mit Mantel, Glühkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2899286A2
EP2899286A2 EP15151035.1A EP15151035A EP2899286A2 EP 2899286 A2 EP2899286 A2 EP 2899286A2 EP 15151035 A EP15151035 A EP 15151035A EP 2899286 A2 EP2899286 A2 EP 2899286A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath tube
equal
sheath
mass
content rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15151035.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2899286A3 (de
Inventor
Yosuke Yatsuya
Masayuki Segawa
Tomo-O Tanaka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Publication of EP2899286A2 publication Critical patent/EP2899286A2/de
Publication of EP2899286A3 publication Critical patent/EP2899286A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/027—Heaters specially adapted for glow plug igniters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheath heater, and more particularly to a glow plug.
  • a glow plug includes a sheath heater, and is used as an auxiliary heat source for an internal combustion engine of a compression ignition system (such as a diesel engine).
  • the glow plug is required to have durability in usage environment within a combustion chamber or the like.
  • various combinations of materials are proposed.
  • a material for a sheath tube which houses a heat generating coil and an insulator for example, MgO
  • a nickel-based heat-resistant alloy for example, INCONEL 601 (INCONEL is a registered trademark)
  • an austenitic stainless steel Fe-Cr-Ni alloy, for example, SUS310S
  • the nickel-based heat-resistant alloy and the austenitic stainless steel have a stabilized face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure by containing nickel.
  • fcc face-centered cubic
  • a ferritic stainless steel (Fe-Cr alloy) that does not contain nickel has a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure. Accordingly, the ferritic stainless steel is inferior in oxidation resistance under high-temperature environment and is less frequently used as the material for the sheath tube.
  • crack within the insulator or between the sheath tube and the insulator due to the thermal expansion difference between the sheath tube and the insulator.
  • the occurrence of the crack locally deteriorates the heat transfer between the heat generating coil and the sheath tube.
  • the temperature of the heat generating coil may be partially increased, which occasionally leads to meltdown of the heat generating coil.
  • the durability to be focused on in this application refers to the properties that do not cause such meltdown of the heat generating coil.
  • Such a crack may occur also by thermal contraction of the sheath tube.
  • the thermal contraction means a decrease in volume due to phase transformation caused by a temperature rise.
  • the sheath tube compresses the insulator when thermal contraction occurs.
  • the sheath tube after compressing the insulator may be elastically deformed to be pressed up from the inside by a reactive force against this compression. This elastic deformation causes a crack occurring between the sheath tube and the insulator when the temperature decreases.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and can be achieved as embodiments below.
  • the present invention can be embodied by various aspects other than the above-described aspect.
  • the present invention can be embodied as a glow plug that includes the above-described sheath heater and a metal shell holding the sheath heater.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a glow plug 10.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the external configuration on the right side of an axial line O on the paper and illustrates the cross-sectional configuration on the left side of the axial line O on the paper.
  • the glow plug 10 functions as a heat source that assists ignition at the start of a diesel engine.
  • the glow plug 10 includes a center rod member 200, a metal shell 500, and a sheath heater 800 that generates heat by transmission of electricity. These members are assembled along the axial line O of the glow plug 10.
  • the sheath heater 800 side in the glow plug 10 is referred to as a "front end side” while the opposite side is referred to as a "rear end side.”
  • the metal shell 500 is formed into a tubular shape and made of carbon steel.
  • the metal shell 500 holds the sheath heater 800 at an end portion on the front end side.
  • the metal shell 500 holds the center rod member 200 at an end portion on the rear end side via an insulating member 410 and an O-ring 460.
  • a position of the insulating member 410 in the axial line O direction is secured by crimping a ring 300 that is in contact with a rear end of the insulating member 410 to the center rod member 200.
  • the insulating member 410 insulates the rear end side of the metal shell 500.
  • the metal shell 500 incorporates a part of the center rod member 200 from the insulating member 410 to the sheath heater 800.
  • the metal shell 500 includes an axial hole 510, a tool engagement portion 520, and an external thread portion 540.
  • the axial hole 510 is a through hole formed along the axial line O, and has a diameter larger than the center rod member 200. In a state where the center rod member 200 is arranged in the axial hole 510, a space is formed between the axial hole 510 and the center rod member 200 so as to provide an electrical insulation therebetween.
  • the sheath heater 800 is press-fitted and joined to the front end side of the axial hole 510.
  • the external thread portion 540 fits an internal thread formed at an internal combustion engine (not illustrated).
  • the tool engagement portion 520 engages a tool (not illustrated) used for installation and removal of the glow plug 10.
  • the center rod member 200 is made of a conductive material in a cylindrical shape.
  • the center rod member 200 is assembled along the axial line O while being inserted into the axial hole 510 of the metal shell 500.
  • the center rod member 200 includes a center rod member front end portion 210 formed at the front end side and a connecting portion 290 disposed at the rear end side.
  • the center rod member front end portion 210 is inserted to the inside of the sheath heater 800.
  • the connecting portion 290 is an external thread projected from the metal shell 500.
  • the engaging member 100 is fitted to the connecting portion 290.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a detailed configuration of the sheath heater 800.
  • the sheath heater 800 includes a sheath tube 810, a heat generating coil 820 as a heating unit, a control coil 830, and insulating powder 840.
  • the sheath tube 810 is a tubular member that extends in the axial line O direction and has a closed front end.
  • the sheath tube 810 is made of metal, whose composition will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • the heat generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the insulating powder 840 are arranged inside the sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tube 810 includes a sheath tube front end portion 811 and a sheath tube rear end portion 819.
  • the sheath tube front end portion 811 is an end portion formed to a rounded shape toward the outside at the front end side of the sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tube rear end portion 819 is an end portion open at the rear end side of the sheath tube 810.
  • the center rod member front end portion 210 of the center rod member 200 is arranged at the inside from the sheath tube rear end portion 819 to the sheath tube 810.
  • a packing 600 and the insulating powder 840 electrically insulate the sheath tube 810 from the center rod member 200.
  • the packing 600 is an insulating member sandwiched between the center rod member 200 and the sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tube 810 is electrically connected to the metal shell 500.
  • the control coil 830 is a coil made of a conductive material that has a temperature coefficient of specific electric resistance larger than a material forming the heat generating coil 820.
  • the conductive material nickel is preferable.
  • the conductive material may be an alloy containing cobalt or nickel as a main component.
  • the main component according to this embodiment is a component having the highest content rate (mass%).
  • the control coil 830 is disposed inside of the sheath tube 810.
  • the control coil 830 controls electric power supplied to the heat generating coil 820 according to the temperature.
  • the control coil 830 includes a control coil front end portion 831 at the end portion on the front end side, and a control coil rear end portion 839 at the end portion on the rear end side.
  • the control coil front end portion 831 is electrically connected to the heat generating coil 820 by being welded to a heat generating coil rear end portion 829 of the heat generating coil 820.
  • the control coil rear end portion 839 is electrically connected to the center rod member 200 by being bonded to the center rod member front end portion 210 of the center rod member 200.
  • the insulating powder 840 is powder having electrical insulating properties.
  • the insulating powder 840 for example, powder of magnesium oxide (MgO) is used.
  • the magnesium oxide content rate in the insulating powder 840 is equal to or more than 85.0 mass%.
  • Other than magnesium oxide, calcium oxide (CaO), zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO 2 ), or the like is contained in the insulating powder 840, for example.
  • the insulating powder 840 is filled inside the sheath tube 810.
  • the insulating powder 840 electrically insulates respective clearances of the sheath tube 810, the heat generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the center rod member 200.
  • the outer diameter of the sheath tube 810 is adjusted by swaging processing.
  • the insulating powder 840 is compressed due to the use of the glow plug 10, and then loses fluidity.
  • the above-mentioned crack (the clearance inside the insulating powder 840 or the clearance between the insulating powder 840 and the sheath tube 810) may occur at the insulating powder 840.
  • the heat generating coil 820 contains, for example, iron or nickel as a main component, and may contain at least any of aluminum, chrome, and tungsten (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the heat generating coil 820 is disposed along the axial line O direction on the inner side of the sheath tube 810, and generates heat by transmission of electricity.
  • the heat generation by the heat generating coil 820 allows a rapid temperature rise.
  • the rapid temperature rise means that the surface temperature of a predetermined portion of the sheath tube 810 reaches 1000°C from a normal temperature within 2 seconds.
  • the above-described predetermined portion is at the position moved by 2 mm from the front end of the sheath tube 810 to the rear end side in the axial line O direction.
  • the front end of the sheath tube 810 is identical to the front end of the sheath tube front end portion 811.
  • the electric power equal to or more than a predetermined value is supplied to the heat generating coil 820.
  • the heat generating coil 820 includes a heat generating coil front end portion 821 at the end portion on the front end side, and the heat generating coil rear end portion 829 at the end portion on the rear end side.
  • the heat generating coil front end portion 821 is electrically connected to the sheath tube 810 by being welded to a part in the vicinity of the front end of the sheath tube 810.
  • FIGS. 3 , 4 , and 5 show test conditions and test results of durability tests of the heat generating coil 820 as tables.
  • FIG. 3 shows the case where the main component of the sheath tube 810 is iron
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the cases where the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel.
  • the main component of the test piece No. 1 shown in FIG. 3 is platinum.
  • the sign "-" shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 , and 5 means that the content rate is zero or a value within an error range.
  • the content rates of the sheath tube 810 and the heat generating coil 820 have values in a region except for a region where the constituent changes due to welding with the above-mentioned sheath tube 810.
  • the sheath tubes 810 (the test pieces Nos. 2 to 16) that contain iron as the main component contain chrome.
  • the sheath tubes 810 of the test pieces Nos. 3, 4, 6, and 8 to 16 contain aluminum.
  • the sheath tubes 810 (the test pieces Nos.17 to 73) that contain nickel as the main component contain chrome. Furthermore, the sheath tubes 810 that contain nickel as the main component contain at least one of silicon, aluminum, molybdenum, and iron. Furthermore, some of the sheath tubes 810 that contain nickel as the main component contain at least one of manganese, cobalt, titanium, niobium, tantalum, and yttrium.
  • the value shown in "OTHER" in FIG. 4 is indicated by mass% of the subsequent chemical symbol. For example, "0.2Ti, 4Nb+Ta" of the test piece No. 18 means that the titanium content rate is 0.2 mass% and the sum of the niobium content rate and the tantalum content rate is 4.0 mass%.
  • the sheath tubes 810 of the test pieces Nos. 1 to 73 may contain other impurities.
  • compositions of the heat generating coils 820 shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 , and 5 show chemical symbols of the main components and the other components.
  • the other components are shown by mass%.
  • “Fe20Cr5Al" in the test piece No. 1 means that the main component is iron, the chrome content rate is 20.0 mass%, and the aluminum content rate is 5.0 mass%.
  • the parameters changed as the test condition are the composition and thermal expansion rate of the sheath tube 810, the composition of the heat generating coil 820, the temperature, and the atmosphere gas.
  • the thermal expansion rate of the sheath tube 810 (hereinafter simply referred to as "thermal expansion rate”) is an average value of the thermal expansion rate during the temperature rise from 20°C to 1200°C.
  • the method for obtaining the thermal expansion rate is as follows. After a length L 20 of a test piece at room temperature is measured, the temperature of the test piece is increased and a length L 1200 of the test piece at 1200°C is measured. The thermal expansion rate is calculated by (L 1200 - L 20 )/(L 20 ⁇ 1180 K). In this embodiment, the length of the test piece was measured using a thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA) while the temperature was gradually increased. Accordingly, the length at a medium temperature between 20°C and 1200°C was also measured. Thus, whether or not thermal contraction occurs during the temperature rise from 20°C to 1200°C in the above-described test can be also determined. In this embodiment, however, the length at the medium temperature was not used for calculating the thermal expansion rate as described above.
  • the durability test was carried out by repeating heating and cooling of the heat generating coil 820 while energizing the heat generating coil 820 in the air and by counting repetitions (breaking cycles) until the wire breaking of the heat generating coil 820 occurred.
  • the heating was performed for 10 minutes to reach 900°C, 1100°C, or 1150°C. These temperatures are the surface temperatures of the glow plug 10, and the conditions of measurement are as follows.
  • the cooling was performed for 2 minutes by air cooling in the atmosphere.
  • test pieces Nos. 2 and 3 were also carried out in nitrogen, in addition to the atmosphere, in accordance with the above-described procedure.
  • the heating temperature was 900°C or 1100°C
  • an evaluation A was determined when the count of breaking cycles was equal to or more than 20 thousand
  • an evaluation B was determined when the count of breaking cycles was equal to or more than 10 thousand and less than 20 thousand
  • an evaluation C was determined when the count of breaking cycles was less than 10 thousand.
  • the comprehensive evaluations of the respective test pieces were determined.
  • the comprehensive evaluation was determined by six levels from a comprehensive evaluation 1 to a comprehensive evaluation 6 while the comprehensive evaluation 1 was ranked as the most preferable evaluation.
  • the specific determination method of the comprehensive evaluation is as follows. In the following description of the determination method, the test was carried out in the atmosphere unless otherwise stated.
  • test pieces 30 to 33, and 36 with the evaluation A were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 1.
  • the test pieces Nos. 28 and 29 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 1.
  • the test pieces Nos. 34 and 35 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 1.
  • test pieces with the comprehensive evaluation 1 were excluded, the test pieces 17 to 26 and 37 to 39 with the evaluation A under the condition at 1100°C were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 2.
  • the composition of the sheath tube 810 was identical to that of the test piece No. 26. Accordingly, the test piece No. 27 was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 2.
  • test pieces 4, 6, 8 to 12, 16, and 40 to 67 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3.
  • the test pieces 4, 6, 8 to 12, 16, and 40 to 67 which satisfied at least any of: the evaluation B under the condition at 1100°C; and the evaluation B under the condition at 1150°C, were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3.
  • the test pieces Nos. 13 and 14 did not satisfy any of the above-described two conditions but the composition of the sheath tube 810 was identical to that of the test piece No. 12. Accordingly, the test pieces Nos. 13 and 14 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3.
  • test piece No. 7 with the evaluation B under the condition at 900°C was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 4. Furthermore, the test piece No. 3 with the evaluation B under the condition in nitrogen and at 1100°C was also determined as the comprehensive evaluation 4.
  • test piece No. 15 was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 5.
  • the test piece No. 15 was not able to undergo the test as described later in detail, but the thermal expansion rate was 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K. Accordingly, the test piece No. 15 was determined to be more preferable than the following comprehensive evaluation 6.
  • test pieces except for the above-described pieces were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 6. That is, the test pieces Nos. 1, 5, and 68 to 73 determined only as the evaluation C were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 6.
  • the thermal expansion rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 13 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the thermal expansion rate of the sheath tube 810 is preferred to be equal to or more than 13 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K because this thermal expansion rate is close to 15.7 ⁇ 10 -6 /K that is the thermal expansion rate of the insulating powder 840 according to this embodiment. This causes reduction in the size or suppression in occurrence of the above-mentioned crack even when heating and cooling are repeated.
  • the test piece No. 5 had a thermal expansion rate of a value (15 ⁇ 10 -6 /K) within the above-described preferred range, but was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 6. This is considered to be because the sheath tube 810 was thermally contracted. This thermal contraction is considered to occur at, for example, 840 to 890°C. As described above, the thermal contraction of the sheath tube 810 may cause a crack of the insulating powder 840 and meltdown of the heat generating coil 820. It is considered from the comparison with the test pieces Nos. 3 and 7 that the thermal contraction occurred in the test piece No. 5 because any of the following (a) and (b) was not satisfied.
  • the main component is iron
  • the numerical ranges shown as (a) and (b) are preferred.
  • the occurrence of thermal contraction is restrained. This is considered to be because the phase transformation from bcc to fcc for iron contained as the main component is restricted.
  • the test piece No. 3 had a thermal expansion rate of a value (14 ⁇ 10 -6 /K) within the above-described preferred range, but was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 4. This is considered to be because the sheath tube 810 had a hole due to the durability test in the case where the atmosphere was the air. Since the evaluation on breaking of wire in the test piece No. 3 in the case where the atmosphere was nitrogen was the evaluation B, the cause of the hole of the sheath tube 810 in the test piece No. 3 is considered to be the oxidation of the sheath tube 810.
  • the test piece No. 6 was determined as the evaluation B in the case of 1100°C in the test in the air.
  • the sheath tube 810 of the test piece No. 6 contained the same element as the main component and had the same chrome content rate while having a higher content rate (1.0 mass%) of aluminum. Accordingly, the condition where the aluminum content rate in the sheath tube 810 is equal to or more than 1.0 mass% is considered to suppress the occurrence of the hole due to the oxidation of the sheath tube 810 and thus is preferred.
  • test piece No. 2 was determined as the evaluation B in the test at 900°C. Accordingly, it is considered that, under the usage environment up to 900°C, the hole is not generated due to the oxidation and the test piece No. 2 is durable in use, even if aluminum is not contained.
  • test pieces where the main component of the sheath tube 810 was iron and the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 15 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3, except the test piece No. 5 where thermal contraction occurred and the test piece No. 7.
  • the thermal expansion rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 15 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the thermal expansion rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 15 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K because it is considered that the thermal expansion rate is closer to the thermal expansion rate (15.7 ⁇ 10 -6 /K) of magnesium oxide and therefore the occurrence of a crack is further restrained.
  • the test piece No. 7 had the thermal expansion rate of 15 ⁇ 10 -6 /K, but was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 4 because it is considered that the oxidation resistance of the sheath tube 810 in the test piece No. 7 is inferior to those of the other test pieces.
  • the oxidation resistance of the sheath tube 810 in the test piece No. 7 is inferior because the aluminum content rate in the sheath tube 810 is approximately zero.
  • the aluminum content rate in the sheath tube 810 is preferred to be equal to or more than 1.0 mass%, for example, like the test pieces Nos. 4, 6, 8 to 14, and 16.
  • the durability test was not able to be carried out as mentioned above. This is because, in the case of the test piece No. 15, the workability of the sheath tube 810 was poor and swaging processing of the sheath tube 810 was not able to be properly carried out. It is considered that the workability was poor because the aluminum content rate was 10.0 mass%. In the test pieces except the test piece No. 15, there was no problem with the workability of the sheath tube 810 and the aluminum content rate was equal to or less than 7.0 mass%. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is iron, the aluminum content rate in the sheath tube 810 is preferred to be equal to or less than 7.0 mass%.
  • the chrome content rate in the sheath tube 810 is preferred to be equal to or less than 30.0 mass%. This is because a ⁇ phase is deposited when the chrome content rate in the sheath tube 810 exceeds 30.0 mass%.
  • the ⁇ phase is an intermetallic compound between iron and chrome, and is brittle. Accordingly, the deposition of the ⁇ phase makes the production of the sheath tube 810 difficult.
  • the content rate of iron was equal to or more than 61.0 mass%.
  • thermal contraction did not occur in the above-described tests where the temperature was increased from 20°C to 1200°C.
  • the test pieces Nos. 17 to 67 where the main component of the sheath tube 810 was nickel and the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3 or a higher rank. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the thermal expansion rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • test pieces Nos. 17 to 39 where the main component of the sheath tube 810 was nickel and the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 2 or a higher rank. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the thermal expansion rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the crystal structure is bcc when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is iron, while the crystal structure is fcc when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel.
  • the crystal structure of fcc is more excellent in high-temperature strength compared with the case where the crystal structure is bcc.
  • the sheath tube 810 contained chrome.
  • the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, it is considered that the chrome content rate in the sheath tube 810 facilitates obtainment of a desired thermal expansion rate. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the sheath tube 810 is preferred to contain chrome.
  • test pieces Nos. 18, 26, and 40 were determined as the evaluation C in the test at 1150°C.
  • the test pieces Nos. 18, 26, and 40 were determined as the evaluation B or a higher rank at 1100°C.
  • the cause of the evaluation C is considered that the test pieces Nos. 18, 26, and 40 are inferior to the other test pieces in oxidation resistance under a high-temperature condition.
  • the oxidation resistance under the high-temperature condition depends on the content rates of silicon and aluminum. It is understood that, from the comparison between the test piece No. 40 and the test piece No. 41, the evaluation at 1150°C improves from the evaluation C to the evaluation B when the silicon content rate is increased from 0.1 mass% to 0.2 mass%. Accordingly, the silicon content rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 0.2 mass%.
  • the test piece No. 18 where the silicon content rate was 0.2 mass% was determined as the evaluation C at 1150°C. This is considered to be because the aluminum content rate is 0.2 mass% from the comparison with the test piece No. 41 where the aluminum content rate is 0.5 mass%. Accordingly, the aluminum content rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 0.5 mass%.
  • the oxidation resistance is preferably suppressed in the case where the silicon content rate is equal to or more than 0.2 mass% and the aluminum content rate is equal to or more than 0.5 mass%.
  • the silicon content rate was 0.2 mass% and the aluminum content rate was equal to or more than 0.5 mass% as described above. Also for this reason, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, it is preferred that the silicon content rate be 0.2 mass% and the aluminum content rate be equal to or more than 0.5 mass%.
  • test pieces Nos. 37 to 39 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 2 even when the main component of the sheath tube 810 was nickel, the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 /K, the silicon content rate was 0.2 mass%, and the aluminum content rate was equal to or more than 0.5 mass%, similarly to the test pieces Nos. 28 to 36. This is considered to be because the molybdenum content rate was 13.0 mass% from the comparison with the test pieces Nos. 28 to 36.
  • the test pieces Nos. 28 to 36 were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 1, in which the molybdenum content rate was equal to or less than 12.0 mass%.
  • the molybdenum content rate is preferred to be equal to or less than 12.0 mass%.
  • the cause of the comprehensive evaluation 2 when the molybdenum content rate was 13.0 mass% is considered to be because a large content of molybdenum was oxidized.
  • the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 and equal to or less than 17 ⁇ 10 -6 and the molybdenum content rate was equal to or more than 6.0 mass%.
  • the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 and equal to or less than 19 ⁇ 10 -6 and the molybdenum content rate was equal to or less than 3.0 mass%.
  • the molybdenum content rate is preferred to be equal to or more than 6.0 mass%. It is considered that the above-described test results are caused by the phenomenon where the thermal expansion rate is reduced when the molybdenum content rate is high.
  • the thermal expansion rate was equal to or more than 16 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and the iron content rate was equal to or less than 10.0 mass%.
  • the thermal expansion rate was 19 ⁇ 10 -6
  • the iron content rate was equal to or more than 11.0 mass%. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the iron content rate is preferred to be equal to or less than 10.0 mass%.
  • the main component of the sheath tube 810 was nickel, the comprehensive evaluation 3 or a higher rank was determined, and the iron content rate was equal to or less than 2.0 mass%.
  • the test piece No. 72 was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 6 and had a thermal expansion rate of 19 ⁇ 10 -6 . This is considered to be because the aluminum content rate was 2.1 mass%. In contrast, in all the test pieces Nos. 17 to 67 that were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3 or a higher rank, the aluminum content rate was equal to or less than 2.0 mass%. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the aluminum content rate is preferred to be equal to or less than 2.0 mass%.
  • the test piece No. 73 was determined as the comprehensive evaluation 6 and had a thermal expansion rate of 19 ⁇ 10 -6 . This is considered to be because the silicon content rate was 2.1 mass%. In contrast, in all the test pieces Nos. 17 to 67 that were determined as the comprehensive evaluation 3 or a higher rank, the silicon content rate was equal to or less than 2.0 mass%. Accordingly, when the main component of the sheath tube 810 is nickel, the silicon content rate is preferred to be equal to or less than 2.0 mass%.
  • inconel HX was used as a material for the sheath tube 810.
  • inconel 625 was used as the material for the sheath tube 810.
  • inconel 617 was used as the material for the sheath tube 810.
  • inconel 601 was used as the material for the sheath tube 810.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be practiced in various forms without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the technical features in the embodiment corresponding to the technical features in the respective aspects described in Summary of the Invention may be, as necessary, replaced or combined to solve a part or all of the above-described problems or to achieve a part or all of the above-described advantageous effects.
  • the technical features may be, as necessary, omitted unless the technical features are explained as necessary features in this description. The following describes examples.
  • the above-described sheath heater may be used for, for example, a heater, a cooker, or the like, other than the glow plug.
  • the length of a test piece at a medium temperature may be taken into consideration in calculating an average thermal expansion rate.
  • the least squares method or integration may be used.
  • integration for example, an area value in a strain-temperature relationship may be obtained and the tangent of the approximated rectangular triangle may be obtained as a value of the thermal expansion rate.
  • the approximated rectangular triangle is the rectangular triangle that has the area identical to the above-described area value and uses the temperature range of the measurement target as a length of the base.
  • the sheath tube may contain nickel as impurities even when iron is contained as the main component.
  • the sheath heater may not include the control coil.
  • the control coil is not included, the heat generation of the glow plug may be controlled by a glow controller.
  • the magnesium oxide content rate in the insulating powder may be high than 85.0 mass%.
  • the magnesium oxide content rate may be higher to the extent that the thermal expansion rate of the insulating powder has the value approximately identical to the thermal expansion rate of pure magnesium oxide.
  • the approximately identical value is, for example, equal to or more than 13.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K and equal to or less than 18.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the lower limit value is more preferably equal to or more than 15.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the upper limit value is more preferably equal to or less than 17.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K, and even more preferably equal to or less than 16.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K.
  • the magnesium oxide content rate in the insulating powder may be set to be equal to or more than 98.0 mass%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP15151035.1A 2014-01-15 2015-01-14 Heizung mit Mantel, Glühkerze Withdrawn EP2899286A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014004904 2014-01-15
JP2014262488A JP2015155790A (ja) 2014-01-15 2014-12-25 シースヒータ、グロープラグ

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EP2899286A2 true EP2899286A2 (de) 2015-07-29
EP2899286A3 EP2899286A3 (de) 2016-02-17

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JP6661229B2 (ja) * 2015-10-30 2020-03-11 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP6946048B2 (ja) * 2017-05-17 2021-10-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP2019020050A (ja) * 2017-07-18 2019-02-07 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
CN113732710B (zh) * 2021-07-28 2023-04-21 江苏卓盛新型材料有限公司 免排潮太阳能热水器电热管加工设备

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JPS58115224A (ja) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 二線式グロ−プラグ
JPS58123025A (ja) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-22 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd シ−ズグロ−プラグおよびその製造法
JP2852552B2 (ja) * 1990-04-16 1999-02-03 自動車機器株式会社 シーズヒータおよびその製造方法
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JP3625627B2 (ja) * 1996-10-14 2005-03-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 高温下で使用されるセラミック応用電子機器及びその製造方法
US6215105B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2001-04-10 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Ion sensor glow plug assembly with coating between sheath and shell
JP2002098333A (ja) * 2000-09-26 2002-04-05 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
JP4677140B2 (ja) * 2001-08-13 2011-04-27 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
WO2011162074A1 (ja) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ及びその製造方法、並びに、加熱装置
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