EP2894380B1 - Low permeation curb pump hose - Google Patents

Low permeation curb pump hose Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2894380B1
EP2894380B1 EP14198804.8A EP14198804A EP2894380B1 EP 2894380 B1 EP2894380 B1 EP 2894380B1 EP 14198804 A EP14198804 A EP 14198804A EP 2894380 B1 EP2894380 B1 EP 2894380B1
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EP
European Patent Office
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range
layer
weight percent
comprised
specified
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EP14198804.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2894380A1 (en
Inventor
Ramon Joseph Dimascio
Andrew Speidel
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ContiTech USA Inc
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ContiTech USA Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/045—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with four or more layers without reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/085—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more braided layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/10—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements not embedded in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/704—Crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a hose suitable for use in the conveyance of fuels such as gasoline, gasohol, diesel, and biodiesel. These hoses are of particular value for use in conjunction with both conventional and vapor recovery fuel dispensing pumps, such as those used for fueling automobiles and trucks.
  • hoses used on fuel pumps such as those used at gasoline filling stations and truck stops.
  • fuel pumps such as those used at gasoline filling stations and truck stops.
  • hoses must be strong, durable, flexible, resistant to organic solvents, resistant to volumetric expansion, offer a long service life, and have low permeability to gasoline.
  • Such fuel hoses must also be capable of being coupled to fittings in a manner that prevents fuel from escaping.
  • EP 0 999 394 A1 describes a hose construction containing a ternary blend of polymers which is particularly suited for conveying chemicals.
  • WO 95/13186 describes a fluoropolxmer laminate of low swell elastomer, non-elastomeric fluoropolymer and elastomer.
  • EP 1 496 298 A2 describes a refrigerant hose comprising a hose layer, an elastomeric friction layer, at least one reinforcement layer and a cover layer, wherein the core layer is comprised of a blend of two different non-plasticized polyamides.
  • WO 99/61227 describes a blend of fluoroelastomer interpolymers with thermo fluoroplastic interpolymers and its use in hoses.
  • WO 2004/037591 A2 describes a corrugated fuel transport tube comprised of an inner conductive acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber layer containing carbon black, a fluorothermoplastic barrier layer, and a chloropolyethylene cover layer.
  • the curb pump hose (fuel hose) of this invention offers an extremely high level of resistance to permeation by gasoline and gasohol (less than 10 grams/m 2 /day). This is achieved without compromising other important characteristics of the hose, such as strength, durability, flexibility, and resistance to volumetric expansion. These hoses also offer a long service life and are capable of being coupled to fittings in a manner that prevents fuel from escaping.
  • the subject invention more specifically discloses a curb pump hose accordinging to claim 1 comprising: (a) a tube layer, wherein the tube layer is comprised of a first nitrile rubber having an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 28 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, and wherein the tube layer is comprised of a third nitrile rubber which includes at least one fluorothermoplastic adhesion promoting agent; (b) a barrier layer which is situated over the tube layer, wherein the barrier layer is comprised of a fluorothermoplastic; (c) a friction layer which is situated over the barrier layer, wherein the friction layer is comprised of a second nitrile rubber having an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 28 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, and wherein the friction layer is further comprised of the third nitrile rubber which includes at least one fluorothermoplastic adhesion promoting agent; (d) a reinforcement layer which is situated over the friction layer, wherein the reinforcement layer is comprised
  • a curb pump hose comprising: (a) a tube layer, wherein the tube layer is comprised of a first nitrile rubber having an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 25 weight percent to about 50 weight percent; (b) a tie layer which is situated over the tube layer, wherein the tie layer is comprised of a third nitrile rubber which includes at least one fluorothermoplastic adhesion promoting agent; (c) a barrier layer which is situated over the tie layer, wherein the barrier layer is comprised of a fluorothermoplastic; (d) a friction layer which is situated over the barrier layer, wherein the friction layer is comprised of a second nitrile rubber having an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 15 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, and wherein the friction layer is further comprised of the third nitrile rubber which includes at least one fluorothermoplastic adhesion promoting agent; (e) a reinforcement layer which
  • the curb pump hose of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and typically has an inside diameter of about 0.720 inch to 0.780 inch and an outside diameter of about 1.115 inch to 1.165 inch.
  • the hose has a tube layer (core layer) 1, relative to the radial direction of the hose and the longitudinal hose axis.
  • the tube layer 1 is the innermost layer of the hose.
  • This tubular inner core layer defines the lumen of the hose and is typically about 0.045 inch to 0.095 inch thick.
  • the tube layer is more typically from 0.060 inch to 0.080 inch thick.
  • the tubular inner core layer 1 is frequently referred to in the art as simply the "tube” or as simply as the "core.”
  • the tube layer 1 is comprised of the first nitrile rubber having an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 28 weight percent to about 50 weight percent.
  • the first nitrile rubber will typically have an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 30 weight percent to about 45 weight percent and will more typically have an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 35 weight percent to about 45 weight percent. In many cases the first nitrile rubber will have an acrylonitrile content which is within the range of about 38 weight percent to about 42 weight percent.
  • the first nitrile rubber utilized in the tube layer is cured with a peroxide curative and a coagent which are employed at a level of about 4 to 10 phr (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber).
  • peroxides such as dicumyl peroxide, ⁇ - ⁇ -bis(t-butylperoxide)diisopropylbenzene, benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, and n-butyl 4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy)valerate can be employed in curing the nitrile rubber employed in the tube layer of the hose.
  • the most preferred and commercially available peroxide curatives are Di-Cup® 40 KE and Vul-Cup® 40 KE from Arkema Inc. From 1 to about 10 parts of peroxide are generally utilized based on 100 parts of base polymer.
  • the nitrile rubber employed in the tube layer of the hose of this invention can also contain various additives in conventional or suitable amounts known to persons having ordinary skill in the art.
  • additives may include, and are not limited to retardants to prevent an unduly quick cure, antioxidants, processing aids, reinforcing agents and fillers, such as carbon black, silica, other mineral fillers, lignin, and the like.
  • Reinforcing fillers are typically utilized at a level which is within the range of 50 phr to 150 phr.
  • the first nitrile rubber used in the tube layer is further comprised of at least one fluorothermoplastic adhesion promoting agent.
  • This adhesion promoting agent is comprised of (a) at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and hyrdrotalcite, and (b) an organo-onium salt, or a diamine salt.
  • the metal oxide is typically present at a level within the range of 15 phr to 40 phr and is preferably present at a level within the range of 20 phr to 30 phr.
  • the organo-onium salt is typically present at a level within the range of 3 phr to 8 phr with the diamine salt being present at a level within the range of 1 phr to 4 phr. It is preferred for the organo-onium salt to be present at a level within the range of 4 phr to 6 phr with the diamine salt being present at a level within the range of 2 phr to 3 phr.
  • Additional nitrile rubber formulations that can be used in the tube layer are described in United States Patent 6,270,901 and United States Patent 6,482,522 . The teachings of United States Patent 6,270,901 and United States Patent 6,482,522 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing various nitrile rubber formulations which can be utilized in the tube layer of the hoses of this invention.
  • a barrier layer 2 is positional outwardly from the tube layer 1.
  • the barrier layer is comprised of a fluorothermoplastic and is typically from 0.003 inch to 0.017 inch thick.
  • the barrier layer is more typically from 0.006 inch to 0.014 inch thick.
  • the fluorothermoplastic is typically a semi-crystalline fluoropolymer having a peak melting temperature which is within the range of 100°C to 275°C and which is typically within the range of 120°C to 250°C, as determined by ASTM D4591. In many cases the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer will have a peak melting temperature which is within the range of 130°C to 200°C.
  • the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer it is normally preferred for the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer to have a peak melting temperature which is within the range of 140°C to 185°C. It is typically more preferred for the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer to have a peak melting temperature which is within the range of 150°C to 175°C. It is generally most preferred for the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer to have a peak melting temperature which is within the range of 160°C to 170°C.
  • the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer will typically have a number average molecular weight which is within the range of 25,000 to 1,000,000, a hydrogen content of less than 5 weight percent, and a fluorine content which is within the range of 65 weight percent to 76 weight percent.
  • the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer will typically be comprised of interpolymerized repeat units of hexafluoropropene, vinylidenedifluoride, and tetrafluoroethylene wherein the repeat units in the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer are distributed in an essentially random order.
  • the hexafluoropropene repeat units are typically present at a level which is within the range of 50 weight percent to 70 weight percent, wherein the vinylidenedifluoride repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 10 weight percent to 30 weight percent, and wherein the tetrafluoroethylene repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 10 weight percent to 30 weight percent.
  • the hexafluoropropene repeat units in the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer are frequently present at a level which is within the range of 55 weight percent to 65 weight percent, wherein the vinylidenedifluoride repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 15 weight percent to 25 weight percent, and wherein the tetrafluoroethylene repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 15 weight percent to 25 weight percent.
  • the hexafluoropropene repeat units are present in the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer at a level which is within the range of 57 weight percent to 61 weight percent, wherein the vinylidenedifluoride repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 20 weight percent to 24 weight percent, and wherein the tetrafluoroethylene repeat units are present at a level which is within the range of 17 weight percent to 21 weight percent.
  • the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer will typically have a flexural modulus which is within the range of 180 MPa to 240 MPa and will preferably have a flexural modulus which is within the range of 200 MPa to 220 MPa, as determined by ASTM D790.
  • the semi-crystalline fluoropolymer will also typically have a melt flow index which is within the range of 8 to 12, as determined at 265°C/5 kg by ASTM D1238.
  • United States Patent 6,489,420 describes various semi-crystalline fluoropolymers that can be utilized in the barrier layer 2 of the hoses of this invention. The teachings of United States Patent 6,489,420 are incorporated herein for the purpose of describing such fluorothermoplastic polymers and techniques that can be employed in synthesizing such polymers.
  • the friction layer 3 is situated over and outwardly from the barrier layer 2 in the hose 10 of this invention.
  • the friction layer is typically from 0.015 inch to 0.075 inch thick and will preferably be from 0.030 inch to 0.050 inch thick.
  • the friction layer 3 will typically be in direct contact with the barrier layer 2.
  • the friction layer 3 is comprised of a peroxide cured nitrile rubber and can be of the same formulation as is used in the tube layer 1. However, in some cases it may be desirable to employ a different nitrile rubber formulation in the friction layer. For instance, in some cases it may be desirable to employ a nitrile rubber having a lower level of acrylonitrile content.
  • the curb pump hoses of this invention have a reinforcing layer 4 which is situated over and outwardly from the friction layer 3. As shown in Figure 2 , the reinforcing layer 4 will typically be in direct contact with the friction layer 3.
  • the reinforcing layer 4 is formed by braiding steel wires which are typically brass plated.
  • the reinforcing layer 4 can be manufactured utilizing a braiding machine having 24 carriers (bobbins of wire) with 6 wire ends of 0.012 inch gage wire. In any case, it is important for the braided steel wire used in the reinforcing layer 4 to have a wire pack coverage which is within the range of about 30 percent to about 60 percent.
  • the wires of the reinforcement layer cover from 30 percent to 60 percent of the surface area of the friction layer 3 with the remaining 40 percent to 70 percent of the friction layer 3 being exposed through windows in the braid pattern.
  • the braided steel wire will typically have a wire pack coverage which is within the range of about 32 percent to about 55 percent and will preferably have a wire pack coverage which is within the range of about 35 percent to about 50 percent.
  • the braided steel wire will more preferably have a wire pack coverage which is within the range of about 40 percent to about 45 percent.
  • a cover layer 5 is positional outwardly from the reinforcement layer 4.
  • the cover layer 5 is typically from 0.050 inch to 0.1 inch thick and is preferably 0.065 inch to 0.085 inch thick.
  • the cover layer 5 is comprised of a chlorinated polyethylene which typically has a chlorine content which is within the range of 30 percent to 36 percent. It is preferred for the chlorinated polyethylene to have a chlorine content which is within the range of 34 percent to 36 percent.
  • the tube layer 1 is optimized for fuel resistance and adhesion to a tie layer 6 which is situated outwardly from the tube layer 1 and inwardly from the barrier layer 3.
  • the adhesion promoting agents are removed from the tube layer 1, thus optimizing its fuel resistance, volume swell, and adhesion to the rubber tie layer 6. This design can also lead to cost reduction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP14198804.8A 2014-01-10 2014-12-18 Low permeation curb pump hose Active EP2894380B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201461925784P 2014-01-10 2014-01-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2894380A1 EP2894380A1 (en) 2015-07-15
EP2894380B1 true EP2894380B1 (en) 2017-11-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14198804.8A Active EP2894380B1 (en) 2014-01-10 2014-12-18 Low permeation curb pump hose

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10670172B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2894380B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6742070B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104776019B (zh)
AU (1) AU2015200011B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR102015000655B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2877007C (zh)
MX (1) MX365698B (zh)

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USD905207S1 (en) * 2016-10-10 2020-12-15 Nordson Corporation Striped hose
FR3046208B1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-11-16 IFP Energies Nouvelles Conduite flexible de transport de fluide petrolier comprenant une barriere contre la diffusion
US10781946B1 (en) * 2019-04-18 2020-09-22 Contitech Usa, Inc. All rubber low sulfur and extraction PED hose
CN111873571A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2020-11-03 盖茨液压技术（常州）有限公司 矿用耐磨钢丝缠绕胶管及其制备方法
JP2022032770A (ja) * 2020-08-14 2022-02-25 日本電気株式会社 空調装置、および配管の製造方法
CN112393033A (zh) * 2020-12-19 2021-02-23 河南给力软管有限公司 一种新型橡塑复合液压软管及其制备方法

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US20150198269A1 (en) 2015-07-16
CN104776019A (zh) 2015-07-15
US10670172B2 (en) 2020-06-02
CA2877007C (en) 2021-07-20
MX365698B (es) 2019-06-11
CA2877007A1 (en) 2015-07-10
CN104776019B (zh) 2017-12-01
BR102015000655A2 (pt) 2016-08-16
JP2015132384A (ja) 2015-07-23
BR102015000655B1 (pt) 2020-10-06
JP6742070B2 (ja) 2020-08-19
EP2894380A1 (en) 2015-07-15
AU2015200011B2 (en) 2019-10-03
AU2015200011A1 (en) 2015-07-30
MX2015000278A (es) 2015-10-29

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