EP2871247A1 - Verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2871247A1
EP2871247A1 EP13813190.9A EP13813190A EP2871247A1 EP 2871247 A1 EP2871247 A1 EP 2871247A1 EP 13813190 A EP13813190 A EP 13813190A EP 2871247 A1 EP2871247 A1 EP 2871247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulverized coal
lance
furnace
reducing material
volatile matter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13813190.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2871247A4 (de
EP2871247B1 (de
Inventor
Daiki Fujiwara
Akinori Murao
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2871247A4 publication Critical patent/EP2871247A4/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • C21B7/163—Blowpipe assembly

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for operating a blast furnace, and particularly to a method for operating a blast furnace that is effective in improving productivity and reducing a reducing material basic unit by blowing a solid reducing material such as pulverized coal from a tuyere of a blast furnace.
  • Patent Document 1 suggests a method for improving the combustion rate of the pulverized coal by mixed-combustion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the pulverized coal.
  • Patent Document 2 suggests a method for promoting the combustion of the pulverized coal by the volatile matter content by using the pulverized coal having a high volatile matter content.
  • Patent Document 3 suggests a method for coping by providing a reduced-diameter portion in the tuyere.
  • Patent Document 4 suggests a method for improving combustibility of the pulverized coal by simultaneously blowing the solid reducing material and oxygen from the tuyere lance.
  • Patent Document 5 suggests a method for improving the combustion efficiency of the pulverized coal by increasing the temperature of oxygen, when oxygen is used for the purpose of improving the combustion rate of the pulverized coal.
  • the method for operating a blast furnace disclosed in Patent Document 2 is effective in reducing the reducing material basic unit by an improvement in combustion rate of pulverized coal, as compared to the method for blowing the pulverized coal having a low volatile matter content from the tuyere.
  • the combustion rate is improved, but since a combustion point moves to a furnace wall side by an increase in the combustion rate, heat removal from the furnace wall increases, and the thermal efficiency of the blast furnace decreases.
  • pressure loss of the tuyere due to rapid expansion of gas increases, the blast pressure increases, and the running cost increases.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a method for operating a blast furnace capable of improving a combustion rate of the solid reducing material without causing heat removal and pressure loss.
  • this invention provides a method for operating a blast furnace in which a solid reducing material is charged from a furnace top and also blown from a tuyere via a lance, in which, when a blowing amount of the solid reducing material blown from the tuyere is not less than 150 kg/t per ton of pig iron, a double tube lance is used as the lance to blow the solid reducing material from an inner tube and blow oxygen of not higher than 100°C from between the inner tube and an outer tube, and a material having an average volatile matter content of more than 25 mass% and not more than 50 mass% is used as the blowing solid reducing material.
  • Patent Document 4 suggests a method for simultaneously blowing the solid reducing material (pulverized coal) and oxygen into the blast furnace from the tuyere, thereby improving the combustibility of the pulverized coal.
  • the pulverized coal having a low volatile matter content is used. The reason is that since the pulverized coal having a low volatile matter content has high amount of heat, when using such a low volatile matter content coal, it is possible to improve the combustibility in the furnace bottom, and additionally, it is possible to reduce the coke used for temperature maintenance of the furnace bottom.
  • the blowing amount (hereinafter, referred to as a "pulverized coal ratio”) of the pulverized coal from the tuyere per ton of pig iron is not less than 150 kg/t, or when a coke strength [DI 150 15 ] is not more than 85%, since an increase in the furnace powder greatly contributes to the reduction agent ratio compared to the heat generation using the blown pulverized coal, it is advantageous to use the pulverized coal of a high volatile matter content.
  • the inventors have obtained the following knowledge in regard to the strength of the coke charged into the blast furnace from the blast furnace top.
  • the coke strength is low, it is easy to generate the coke powder of not more than 15 mm under the influence of load and friction in the furnace.
  • the amount of the coke powder becomes greater than an amount consumed by a solution loss reaction (reaction in which solid carbon reacts with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide)
  • a part of the coke powder is deposited on a central region (hereinafter, referred to as a "furnace core") of the furnace bottom.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses that raising the oxygen temperature is desirable for the combustion of pulverized coal.
  • the surface temperature of the lance also increases, and deformation or erosion of the lance occurs, which may cause trouble such as blowing failure of the pulverized coal or the tuyere wear.
  • it is desirable that the temperature of the oxygen blown from the lance is adjusted to a temperature below the temperature at which the deformation of the lance occurs.
  • the method for operating the blast furnace according to this invention is configured as follows:
  • the double tube lance is used to blow the solid reducing material from the inner tube thereof and blow oxygen of not higher than 100°C from between the inner tube and the outer tube, and as the solid reducing material at this time, a material having an average volatile matter content of more than 25 mass% and not more than 50 mass% is used. Accordingly, it is possible to improve a combustion rate of the solid reducing material, without causing heat removal from the furnace wall or pressure loss of the furnace bottom. As a result, when adopting the method of this invention, it is possible to achieve a reduction in the operating cost of the blast furnace, and a reduction in equipment cost.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of a blast furnace 1 to which the method for operating the blast furnace of this embodiment is applied.
  • a tuyere 3 is disposed in a bosh part of the blast furnace 1, and a blast tube 2 for blowing hot air is connected to the tuyere 3.
  • a lance 4 for blowing the solid fuel or the like is attached to the blast tube 2.
  • a combustion space called a raceway 5 is formed in a coke deposition layer portion of the furnace in front of a hot-air blowing direction from the tuyere 3. Molten iron is primarily generated in the combustion space.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a combustion state when only pulverized coal 6 as a solid reducing material is blown into the furnace from the lance 4 through the tuyere 3.
  • the volatile matter content and the fixed carbon of the pulverized coal 6 blown into the raceway 5 from the lance 4 through the tuyere 3 are combusted with a furnace deposition coke 7, and aggregation of carbon and ash that remains without being completely combusted, that is, char is discharged as unburned char 8 from the raceways 5.
  • the velocity of the hot wind in front of the hot-air blowing direction of the tuyere 3 is about 200 m/sec.
  • a distance reaching the raceway 5 from the front end portion of the lance 4, that is, a region where O 2 is present is about 0.3 to 0.5 m.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a combustion mechanism in a case where only the pulverized coal (PC (Pulverized Coal) in the figure) 6 is blown into the blast tube 2 via the lance 4.
  • Particles of the pulverized coal 6 blown into the raceway 5 from the tuyere 3 are heated by radiation heat transfer from the flame of the raceway 5, the temperature of the particle sharply rises by the radiation heat transfer and the conduction heat transfer, thermal decomposition starts from a point of time at which the temperature rises to not lower than 300°C, and the volatile matter content is ignited and combusted (flame is formed) and a temperature of 1400 to 1700°C is achieved.
  • the pulverized coal from which the volatile matter content is released becomes the char 8. Since the char 8 mainly consists of fixed carbon, carbon dissolution reaction also occurs together with the combustion reaction.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a combustion mechanism in a case where the pulverized coal 6 having a high volatile matter content is blown into the blast tube 2 via the lance 4.
  • ignition of the pulverized coal 6 is promoted by an increase in the volatile matter content, and an increase in the amount of combustion due to the volatile matter content occurs.
  • the temperature rising rate and the maximum temperature of the pulverized coal increase, dispersibility of the pulverized coal increases, and the reaction velocity of the char is enhanced by the elevation of temperature.
  • the pulverized coal 6 is dispersed by vaporization expansion of volatile matter content and causes the combustion of volatile matter content, and the pulverized coal itself is rapidly heated and the temperature rises by the combustion heat. Moreover, since the combustion of the pulverized coal in this case occurs at a position close to the furnace wall, the heat removal from the tuyere 3 and the pressure loss in the furnace increase.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a combustion mechanism in a case where the pulverized coal 6 having a high volatile matter content and low-temperature oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "cold oxygen") of not higher than 100°C are simultaneously blown into the blast tube 2 from the lance 4.
  • cold oxygen low-temperature oxygen
  • the combustion velocity of the volatile matter content increases by the high oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the pulverized coal
  • the temperature rise of the pulverized coal is also promoted, the temperature of pulverized coal rises, and thus, the reaction velocity of the char increases.
  • the temperature rising rate of the pulverized coal initially drops and the combustion is delayed, but since the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the pulverized coal is high as described above, when the temperature of the pulverized coal becomes a certain level or higher, the pulverized coal is rapidly combusted soon, and finally, the combustion rate of the pulverized coal rather improves.
  • the improvement in the combustion rate, and the prevention of increases in the heat removal from the furnace wall and the furnace pressure loss caused by the combustion delay are achieved by such a mechanism. That is, by setting the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance 4 to not higher than 100°C, it is possible to prevent the deformation or the erosion of the lance in the case of supplying high-temperature oxygen, and an increase in pressure loss of the blast tube 2 due to a rapid combustion, and it is possible to achieve both the effect of improving the combustion rate and the effect of preventing the heat removal from the furnace wall.
  • a test furnace 11 used in the test device is such that coke is filled inside and a viewing window is provided to be able to observe the interior of the raceway 15.
  • a blast tube 12 is also attached to the test furnace 11, hot air generated in a combustion burner 13 externally installed can be blown into the test furnace 11 via the blast tube 12, and it is possible to adjust the amount of oxygen enrichment during the blast.
  • the lance 14 is inserted into the blast tube 12. The lance 14 is used to blow one or both of the pulverized coal and oxygen into the blast tube 12. Exhaust gas occurring within the test furnace 11 is separated into exhaust gas and dust via a separation device 16 called a cyclone, the exhaust gas is sent to an exhaust gas treatment apparatus such as a combustion-assisting furnace, and the dust is collected to a collection box 17.
  • a single tube lance and a double tube lance were used as the lance 14.
  • the combustion rate, the tuyere heat removal, the furnace pressure loss and the like were measured, for each of a case where only the pulverized coal is blown using the single tube lance and a case where the pulverized coal and oxygen are simultaneously blown using the double tube lance.
  • the combustion rate was determined from a weight change by recovering the unburned char by a probe from the rear of the raceway 15.
  • the used pulverized coal was fixed carbon (FC: Fixed Carbon) of 40 to 80 mass%, volatile matter content (VM: Volatile Matter) of 10 to 50 vol.%, and an ash content (Ash) of 7 to 12 mass%, and blowing conditions were 50 kg/h (corresponding to 158 kg/t in the molten iron basic unit).
  • blowing conditions of oxygen from the lance 14 were 12 Nm 3 /h (corresponding to 3% oxygen enrichment).
  • Coke of [DI 150 15 [%]] 83 in the test method described in JIS K2151 was used.
  • Conditions of the blast were the blast temperature: 1200°C, the flow rate: 350 Nm 3 /h, and the flow velocity: 80 m/s, and O 2 enrichment was +3.7 (oxygen concentration 24.7%, enrichment of 3.7% with respect to oxygen concentration 21 % in the air).
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a relation between the volatile matter content of the blown pulverized coal and the combustion rate.
  • the combustion rate began to significantly rise from 25 mass% of the volatile matter content of the pulverized coal, it became maximum at 45 mass%, and an effect of combustion rate improvement was saturated at not less than 45 mass%. It is thought that this is because the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile matter content escapes to the air blast in the range of the volatile matter content of not less than 45 mass%, heat used for raising the temperature of the pulverized coal reaches a peak, and the combustion velocity does not increase above the level.
  • the combustion rate in the case of simultaneously blowing the pulverized coal (high volatility dispersion) and cold oxygen using the double tube lance, the combustion rate is generally improved, compared to the case of blowing only the pulverized coal from the single tube lance.
  • the reason is that the combustion velocity of the pulverized coal increases by an increase in the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the pulverized coal.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a relation between the volatile matter content of the pulverized coal and the tuyere heat removal. As illustrated in FIG. 8 , when blowing only the pulverized coal from the single tube lance, heat removal from the furnace wall increases with an increase in volatile matter content. It is thought that this is because the combustion velocity of the pulverized coal increases by an increase in volatile matter content, and combustion point is shifted to the furnace wall side.
  • cold oxygen oxygen of not higher than 100°C to be blown from the lance
  • cold oxygen oxygen of not higher than 100°C to be blown from the lance
  • the cold oxygen blown from the lance was used such that the cold oxygen obtained by a cryogenic separation process becomes not higher than 20°C in the lance portion.
  • the front end portion of the lance is inserted into the high-temperature blast tube 2, the front end portion is affected by the hot air in the blast tube 2 and heat from the wall surface of the blast tube 2. Therefore, the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance inevitably rises, but since oxygen obtained by the cryogenic separation is supplied to the lance while remaining in a low temperature, after all, the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance can be set to not higher than 100°C.
  • the insertion depth of the lance into the blast tube 2 it is also possible to adjust the temperature of oxygen supplied from the lance.
  • the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance can be adjusted to not higher than 100°C by adjustment of the insertion depth of the lance, there is no need to set the supply oxygen temperature to the lance to not higher than 20°C.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a relation between the volatile matter content of the blown pulverized coal and the furnace pressure loss.
  • a pressure loss of the furnace bottom decreases with an increase in volatile matter content up to the volatile matter content of 29 mass%, and increases with an increase in the volatile matter content in the range of not less than 29 mass%. This is because the air permeability of the furnace improves by a decrease in unburned content up to the volatile matter content of 29 mass%, whereas the combustion gas flows to be inclined to the furnace wall in the volatile matter content of not less than 29 mass%.
  • the pressure loss of the furnace bottom is generally lowered, thereby maintaining a low pressure loss, particularly when blowing the pulverized coal having the volatile matter content of not less than 30 mass%. This is because the temperature rising rate of the pulverized coal is lowered by cold oxygen, and the drift of the gas is suppressed by transition of the combustion point to the furnace interior side.
  • the pressure loss reduction effect can be reliably obtained.
  • FIGs. 10 and 11 are graphs illustrating a relation between the pulverized coal ratio and the coke replacement rate.
  • the coke replacement rate is a coke ratio (kg/t) capable of being reduced in a case where the pulverized coal ratio increases by 1 kg/t in the blast furnace operation.
  • the coke replacement rate decreases by an increase in the pulverized coal ratio, but this is because the amount of coke powder deposited on the furnace core increases by an increase in unburned content of the pulverized coal in the furnace, the furnace gas flows to be inclined to the furnace wall side, and thus the reaction and the heat exchange efficiency of the furnace decrease.
  • the reason is that, under the condition that the pulverized coal ratio is large, that is, the furnace gas drifts, since the combustion of the pulverized coal on the furnace wall side, that is, in the vicinity of the tuyere is promoted, the higher the volatile matter content of the pulverized coal is, the higher the combustion rate is, and thus, the pulverized coal reduces to consequentially suppress the drift of the furnace gas, and the reduction in coke replacement rate is shifted to a high pulverized coal ratio side.
  • FIG. 11 in a case where the coke strength [DI 150 15 [%]] is not less than 85, a case where the average volatile matter content of the pulverized coal exceeds 25 mass% always has a high coke replacement rate, compared to a case where the average volatile matter content is not more than 25 mass%. This is because the larger the coke strength [DI 150 15 [%]] is, the smaller the proportion of coke powder in the furnace is, the drift in the furnace gas is suppressed, and thus, the effect of combustion rate improvement is lowered.
  • FIGs. 10 and 11 illustrate a relation between the pulverized coal ratio and the coke replacement rate when using cold oxygen in this invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating a relation between the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance and the lance surface temperature.
  • the lance surface temperature also increases with an increase in temperature of oxygen.
  • the surface temperature of the double tube lance exceeds 880°C, creep deformation occurs and the tube is bent, or corrosion of the lance also occurs.
  • the supply temperature of oxygen blown from the lance exceeds 100°C
  • the surface temperature of the lance exceeds 880°C
  • there is a risk of deformation or corrosion of the lance it is required to set the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance to not higher than 100°C.
  • the lance is used as a double tube to blow the pulverized coal (solid reducing material) from the inner tube, and blow oxygen of not higher than 100°C from between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the pulverized coal (solid reducing material) having an average volatile matter content of more than 25 mass% and not more than 50 mass% blown through the lance is used.
  • the pulverized coal (solid reducing material) having an average volatile matter content of more than 25 mass% and not more than 50 mass% blown through the lance is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
EP13813190.9A 2012-07-03 2013-06-28 Verfahren zum betrieb eines hochofens Active EP2871247B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012149384 2012-07-03
JP2013077526 2013-04-03
PCT/JP2013/067788 WO2014007152A1 (ja) 2012-07-03 2013-06-28 高炉操業方法

Publications (3)

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EP2871247A1 true EP2871247A1 (de) 2015-05-13
EP2871247A4 EP2871247A4 (de) 2015-08-05
EP2871247B1 EP2871247B1 (de) 2017-05-10

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EP (1) EP2871247B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5522325B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101608231B1 (de)
CN (1) CN104379770B (de)
AU (1) AU2013284587B2 (de)
WO (1) WO2014007152A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015221928A (ja) * 2014-05-23 2015-12-10 新日鐵住金株式会社 高炉の操業方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6061107B2 (ja) * 2014-02-17 2017-01-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉操業方法
KR20180119713A (ko) * 2014-08-27 2018-11-02 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 산소 고로로의 미분탄 취입 방법
CN108220515B (zh) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-03 东北大学 一种垂直两段式高炉喷吹煤粉方法
CN108265141B (zh) * 2018-03-01 2019-10-08 东北大学 一种垂直两段式高炉喷吹煤粉装置
CN108265146B (zh) * 2018-03-01 2019-09-03 东北大学 一种改善高炉内煤气流分布的垂直式装置

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JPS58171507A (ja) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp 微粉炭吹込みによる高炉操炉方法
GB2119488A (en) * 1982-03-31 1983-11-16 Kobe Steel Ltd Injecting pulverised fuel into a blast furnace
WO1986005520A1 (en) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-25 British Steel Corporation Improvements in or relating to ironmaking by means of a smelting shaft furnace
EP0277360A1 (de) * 1986-12-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hochofens
BE1000893A7 (fr) * 1987-09-04 1989-05-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede pour la reduction des minerais au four a cuve.
WO2011147781A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Paul Wurth S.A. Tuyere stock arrangement of a blast furnace

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JPH08260010A (ja) 1995-03-24 1996-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp 高炉における微粉炭多量吹込み操業方法
JPH10310808A (ja) * 1997-05-08 1998-11-24 Nkk Corp 高炉操業方法
JP3644856B2 (ja) 1999-10-20 2005-05-11 株式会社神戸製鋼所 高炉への補助燃料吹込み操業方法
JP4224218B2 (ja) 2001-02-15 2009-02-12 新日本製鐵株式会社 高炉での低揮発分炭の使用方法
JP4074467B2 (ja) 2002-03-29 2008-04-09 新日本製鐵株式会社 高炉での低揮発分微粉炭の燃焼性向上方法
JP4109591B2 (ja) * 2003-09-08 2008-07-02 新日本製鐵株式会社 微粉炭の輸送装置及びその輸送方法
JP5070706B2 (ja) 2005-01-31 2012-11-14 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉操業方法
JP4894989B2 (ja) * 2005-03-01 2012-03-14 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉操業方法
JP2011127176A (ja) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-30 Kobe Steel Ltd 高炉の操業方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58171507A (ja) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp 微粉炭吹込みによる高炉操炉方法
GB2119488A (en) * 1982-03-31 1983-11-16 Kobe Steel Ltd Injecting pulverised fuel into a blast furnace
WO1986005520A1 (en) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-25 British Steel Corporation Improvements in or relating to ironmaking by means of a smelting shaft furnace
EP0277360A1 (de) * 1986-12-27 1988-08-10 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hochofens
BE1000893A7 (fr) * 1987-09-04 1989-05-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede pour la reduction des minerais au four a cuve.
WO2011147781A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Paul Wurth S.A. Tuyere stock arrangement of a blast furnace

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015221928A (ja) * 2014-05-23 2015-12-10 新日鐵住金株式会社 高炉の操業方法

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KR101608231B1 (ko) 2016-04-01
AU2013284587B2 (en) 2015-05-14
JPWO2014007152A1 (ja) 2016-06-02
KR20150023045A (ko) 2015-03-04
EP2871247A4 (de) 2015-08-05
AU2013284587A1 (en) 2015-02-19
JP5522325B1 (ja) 2014-06-18
WO2014007152A1 (ja) 2014-01-09
CN104379770A (zh) 2015-02-25
EP2871247B1 (de) 2017-05-10
CN104379770B (zh) 2016-08-17

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