EP2851434B1 - Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2851434B1
EP2851434B1 EP13790282.1A EP13790282A EP2851434B1 EP 2851434 B1 EP2851434 B1 EP 2851434B1 EP 13790282 A EP13790282 A EP 13790282A EP 2851434 B1 EP2851434 B1 EP 2851434B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coke
blast furnace
ore
furnace
raw material
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Active
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EP13790282.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2851434A4 (de
EP2851434A1 (de
Inventor
Kazuhira ICHIKAWA
Shiro Watakabe
Jun Ishii
Toshiyuki HIROSAWA
Akinori Murao
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/10—Charging directly from hoppers or shoots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for loading (charging) blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace by charging blast furnace raw material into the furnace with a rotating chute, and in particular, to homogenization of a mixed layer of ore material and coke.
  • ore material such as sintered ore, pellet, lump ore, and the like and coke are charged into a blast furnace from the furnace top in a layer state, and combustion gas is injected through a tuyere to yield pig iron.
  • the coke and ore material that constitute the blast furnace raw material charged into the blast furnace descend from the furnace top to the furnace bottom, the ore reduces, and the temperature of the raw material rises.
  • the ore material layer gradually deforms due to the temperature rise and the load from above while filling the voids between ore materials, and at the bottom of the shaft of the blast furnace, gas permeability resistance grows extremely large, forming a cohesive layer where nearly no gas flows.
  • blast furnace raw material is charged into a blast furnace by alternately charging ore material and coke.
  • ore material layers and coke layers form alternately.
  • cohesive zone ore material layers with a large gas permeability resistance, where ore has softened and cohered, exist along with a coke slit, derived from coke, with a relatively small gas permeability resistance.
  • the gas permeability of the cohesive zone greatly affects the gas permeability of the blast furnace as a whole and limits the rate of productivity in the blast furnace.
  • JP H3-211210 A discloses charging, in a bell-less blast furnace, coke into an ore hopper that is downstream among the ore hoppers, layering coke onto the ore on a conveyor, and charging the ore and coke into the furnace top bunker and then into the blast furnace via a rotating chute.
  • PTL 1 JP H3-211210 A
  • ore material and coke are mixed in a furnace top bunker and segregation occurs therein, leading to the problem of the mixing ratio of iron ore and coke being unable to maintain precisely.
  • JP 2004-107794 A discloses separately storing ore and coke in furnace top bunkers and mixing the coke and ore while charging them simultaneously.
  • PTL 2 does not give proper consideration to potential separation of coke and ore after blast furnace raw material has been charged into the furnace and, accordingly, separation of coke and ore could result from the segregation of coarse and fine particles that would occur after the charging of the raw material.
  • JP S59-10402 B2 discloses a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace whereby all of the ore and all of the coke are charged into the furnace after being completely mixed.
  • PTL 3 refers to a blast furnace without a coke slit, yet fails to give any particulars of a raw material charging method in the blast furnace, and is silent on how to control the mixing ratio of materials charged.
  • JP 2012-97301 A PTL 4
  • a method for charging blast furnace raw material into a blast furnace comprising, when charging blast furnace raw material including coke and ore material such as sintered ore, pellet, or lump ore into the blast furnace using a rotating chute:
  • EP 1 445 334 A1 discloses a method of charging a material in a blast furnace comprising the steps of: storing coke in at least one of furnace top bunkers; storing ore in at least one of the furnace top bunkers; charging the stored coke into the furnace using a rotating chute; charging the stored ore into the furnace with a rotating a chute, and controlling a discharge amount of the stored coke into the furnace.
  • a method of charging a material in a blast furnace comprising the steps of: storing a mixed material of ore and coke in one of furnace top bunkers and charging the mixed material into the furnace using a rotating chute; and controlling the discharge of the mixed material in such a way that a whole amount of the mixed material stored in the furnace top bunker is charged into the blast furnace.
  • KR 2012 0011434 (A ) discloses a method of calculating the flow rate of a charging material into a blast furnace.
  • the present invention relates to an improvement of the aforementioned technique disclosed in PTL 4, and an object thereof is to achieve further homogenization of a mixed layer, and consequently, allow for more stable blast furnace operation.
  • the inventors intensely investigated how to achieve further homogenization of a mixed layer in a blast furnace. As a result, the inventors made a new finding that by increasing the discharge rate at which blast furnace raw material is charged into the blast furnace, the resulting mixed layer becomes greatly homogenized. The present invention was completed based on this finding.
  • the present invention allows for more stable blast furnace operation through further homogenization of a mixed layer formed in a blast furnace.
  • the furnace top bunker 12b stores mixed material of ore material and coke
  • the furnace top bunker 12a stores coke alone
  • the furnace top bunker 12c stores ore material alone.
  • the mixing amount of coke is preferably adjusted to be 30 mass% or less of the total amount of coke.
  • the reason is that if the amount of coke mixed with ore material is 30 mass% or less of the total amount of coke, coke and ore material are not significantly segregated when stored in the furnace top bunker 12b, and consequently, the mixing ratio of the mixed layer of ore material and coke formed by the rotating chute 16 may become substantially even. In contrast, if the mixing amount of coke is more than 30 mass% of the total amount of coke, coke and ore material are more prone to segregation due to the differences in specific gravity and particle size and are largely segregated when stored in the furnace top bunker 12b, which causes regions where either one of ore material or coke alone is present.
  • raw material charging is performed using a so-called reverse tilting control scheme, where the rotating chute 16 is controlled to be tilted from the shaft central portion of the blast furnace 10 in the furnace central region towards the furnace wall, while simultaneously rotating about the shaft center of the blast furnace 10, and the blast furnace raw material discharged from the furnace top bunker 12 is charged in the direction from the furnace central region towards the furnace wall.
  • the rotating chute 16 is set to tilt in substantially vertical direction
  • the flow regulating gates 13 of the furnace top bunkers 12b and 12c are closed, the flow regulating gate 13 of only the furnace top bunker 12a is opened, and only the coke stored in the furnace top bunker 12a is fed to the rotating chute 16.
  • a central coke layer 12d is formed in the shaft central portion of the blast furnace, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the flow regulating gates 13 of the remaining two furnace top bunkers 12b and 12c are opened at a predetermined rate, and coke discharged from the furnace top bunker 12a, mixed material discharged from the furnace top bunker 12b, and/or ore material discharged from the furnace top bunker 12c are simultaneously fed to the collecting hopper 14.
  • the coke and ore material are completely mixed in the collecting hopper 14 before being fed to the rotating chute 16 and, as shown in FIG. 1 , the mixing ratio of coke and ore material becomes substantially even on the outside of the central coke layer 12d in the blast furnace 10.
  • a mixed layer 12e is formed without a coke slit.
  • the amount of coke in the central coke layer 12d is set to be approximately 5 mass% to 30 mass% of the total amount of coke charged per charge, while the amount of coke in the mixed layer 12e approximately 70 mass% to 95 mass% of the total amount of coke. It is desirable that the region where the central coke layer is formed has a dimensionless radius of the blast furnace of 0 or more to 0.3 or less, when 0 is the shaft central portion of the blast furnace and 1 is the furnace wall. The reason is that collecting some of coke in the shaft central portion of the furnace may be effective for improving the gas permeability at the shaft central portion, and thus the gas permeability of the blast furnace as a whole.
  • the amount of coke charged to form a central coke layer is preferably approximately 5 mass% to 30 mass% of the amount of coke charged per charge. This is because if the amount of coke charged into the shaft central portion is less than 5 mass%, the gas permeability around the shaft central portion improves insufficiently, and if coke is collected in the shaft central portion by more than 30 mass%, not only does the amount of coke used to form a mixed layer decrease, but also too much gas passes through the shaft central portion, leading to increased heat removal from the furnace body.
  • the amount of coke charged into the shaft central portion is 10 mass% to 20 mass%.
  • the above-described central coke layer 12d and mixed layer 12e are formed sequentially inside the blast furnace 10 from the bottom to the top. In this way, by sequentially layering central coke layers 12d and mixed layers 12e, the central coke layers 12d with small gas permeability resistance are formed from the bottom of the blast furnace towards the top of the blast furnace at the shaft central portion inside the blast furnace 10, and the mixed layers 12e in which coke and ore material are mixed are formed on the periphery thereof.
  • the inventors simulated the raw material reduction and elevated temperature process in a blast furnace and tested the change in gas permeability resistance, using the laboratory device illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • a furnace core tube 32 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical furnace body 31, and a cylindrical heater 33 is disposed on the outside of the furnace core tube 32.
  • a graphite crucible 35 is disposed at the upper edge of a cylindrical body 34 constituted by refractory material, and charged raw material 36 is charged inside the crucible 35.
  • a load is applied to the charged raw material 36 from above by a load application device 38 connected via a punch rod 37, so that the charged raw material 36 adopts approximately the same state as the cohesive layer at the bottom of the blast furnace.
  • a device 39 for sampling drops is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical body 34.
  • the gas adjusted by a gas mixing device 40 is fed to the crucible 35 through the cylindrical body 34 provided on its underside, and the gas passing through the charged raw material 36 in the crucible 35 is analyzed by a gas analysis device 41.
  • a thermocouple 42 for controlling the heating temperature is provided in the heater 33, and by having a control device (not illustrated) control the heater 33 while measuring the temperature with the thermocouple 42, the crucible 35 is heated to 1200 °C to 1500 °C.
  • a mixture of 50 mass% to 100 mass% of sintered ore and 0 mass% to 50 mass% of lump iron ore was used as the ore in the charged raw material 36 charged into the crucible 35.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of examining the relationship between the maximum pressure drop ratio and the mixing amount for coke of different sizes, with varying coke mixing ratios in relation to ore.
  • FIG. 3 shows, it can be seen that pressure drop was most pronounced where no coke was mixed, while gas permeability resistance remarkably decreased where coke was added, and above all, this effect became more pronounced with increasing amount of coke.
  • the reason seems to be that mixing with coke suppressed deformation of ore, preserved voids near the mixed coke, and accordingly prevented the occurrence of a phenomenon that would otherwise cause a decrease in the amount of voids among particles and an increase in gas permeability resistance due to deformation of ore.
  • FIG. 3 shows, it can be seen that pressure drop was most pronounced where no coke was mixed, while gas permeability resistance remarkably decreased where coke was added, and above all, this effect became more pronounced with increasing amount of coke. The reason seems to be that mixing with coke suppressed deformation of ore, preserved
  • lump coke and small-and-middle lump coke showed a different gas permeability resistance in the cohesive layer, leading to a different pressure drop, i.e., the use of small-and-middle lump coke resulted in a smaller pressure drop than when using lump coke for a same mixing amount.
  • the term "lump coke” refers to coke having a particle size of approximately 30 mm to 60 mm
  • "small-and-middle lump coke” refers to coke having a particle size of approximately 10 mm to 30 mm.
  • ore material usually has a particle size of approximately 5 mm to 25 mm.
  • ore material has a particle size of 10 mm to 30 mm and coke has a particle size of 30 mm to 55 mm, and that the ratio of these particle sizes (particle size of coke / particle size of ore material) is approximately 1.0 to 5.5.
  • the coke ratio is more preferably within a range of 10 % to 15 %.
  • the proportion of coke in the mixed layer is preferably about 20 % to 95 % in terms of a percentage of the total amount of coke.
  • the inventors conducted evaluation tests of coke mixing ratios in ore material, using a charging model device (1/18 scale of the actual blast furnace), simulating the blast furnace top as shown in FIG 1 .
  • this model device for simulating the falling trajectory and deposition behavior of blast furnace raw material conform to the actual furnace, the particle diameter of raw material was set to be 1/18 of the actual blast furnace, the charging amount of raw material was set to be 1/18, and the rotating speed of the charging chute was set to be 1/18.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of investigating the changes in coke mixing ratio in charged raw material over time, for in-bunker mixing of ore and coke and for simultaneous discharging of ore and coke from two bunkers.
  • the amount of ore and the amount of coke were constant and the target mixing ratio was set to be 0.05.
  • the mixing ratio increased in the early and late stages of the discharging period, while the mixing ratio turned to be lower than the target value (0.05) in the middle stage of the discharging period.
  • the coke mixing ratio in ore was substantially constant in relation to the target value. Therefore, it can be seen that simultaneous discharge mixing allows for more precise control of coke mixing ratios than in-bunker mixing.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results of investigating the changes in coke mixing ratio in the furnace radial direction with different discharge rates of 0.85 t/s and 1.27 t/s (both in terms of actual machine) under simultaneous discharge condition.
  • FIG. 5 shows, it can be seen that the discharge rate of 1.27 t/s in terms of actual machine measurements showed a smaller difference between the maximum and minimum coke mixing ratios and yielded more even mixing than the discharge rate of 0.85 t/s in terms of actual machine measurements.
  • the inventors examined the changes in mixing ratio during simultaneous discharging with different discharge rates.
  • the quality of the mixing ratio was determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum mixing ratios in the furnace radial direction. The obtained results are shown in FIG. 6 . It can be concluded that a smaller difference represents more even mixing.
  • FIG. 6 shows, the difference between the maximum mixing ratio and the minimum mixing ratio becomes smaller with increasing discharge rate of raw material. In other words, it will be appreciated that ore and coke may be mixed in a more even manner by increasing the discharge rate of raw material.
  • the discharge rate to be 1.5 t/s or more, the difference between the maximum and minimum mixing ratios becomes significantly smaller and turns out to be substantially constant at 1.8 t/s or more.
  • a conventional and typical discharge rate for charging raw material is approximately 0.8 t/s to 1.3 t/s, and there has not been a particular focus on such discharge rate in the conventional art.
  • an advantageous operation is as follows: when a shaft pressure anomaly is detected while monitoring shaft pressure during blast furnace operation, in the course of continuous blast furnace charging according to the present invention, the raw material charging should be switched to a normal mode in which ore material layers and a coke slit are separately formed and, when the shaft pressure anomaly is resolved later, switched back to the charging scheme according to the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen (10), umfassend, beim Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen einschließlich Koks und Erzmaterial wie beispielsweise gesintertes Erz, Pellets oder Stückerz in den Hochofen unter Verwendung einer Drehschurre (16):
    wobei zumindest zwei Ofenhochbunker (12a, 12b, 12c) an einer Spitze des Hochofens (10) angeordnet sind und und ein Sammeltrichter (14) an einem Ausgang der Ofenhochbunker angeordnet ist, um die von den Ofenhochbunkern ausgegebenen Einsatzstoffe zu mischen und die Einsatzstoffe der Drehschurre (16) zuzuführen,
    Lagern, in entweder einem oder zweien (12b, 12c) der Ofenhochbunker, entweder eines oder beider aus dem Erzmaterial und dem gemischten Material aus Koks und Erzmaterial,
    Lagern von ausschließlich Koks in einem (12a) der verbliebenen Ofenhochbunker;
    gleichzeitiges Ausgeben des Koks und des Erzmaterials und/oder des gemischten Materials aus den Ofenhochbunkern (12a, 12b, 12c);
    Mischen des ausgegebenen Koks mit dem ausgegebenen Erzmaterial und/oder dem gemischten Material in dem Sammeltrichter (14) um eine Mischung zu bilden;
    Zuführen der Mischung zur Drehschurre (16); und
    Chargieren der Mischung in den Hochofen (10), um eine Mischschicht (12e) in einem vorbestimmten Bereich in dem Hochofen zu bilden,
    wobei die Mischung bei einer Ausgabegeschwindigkeit von 1,5t/s oder mehr in den Hochofen ausgegeben wird.
  2. Verfahren zum Chargieren von Hochofeneinsatzstoffen in einen Hochofen (10) gemäß Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend: Bilden einer zentralen Koksschicht (12d) bei einem Zentralachsenabschnitt des Hochofens (10) während des Chargierens der Hochofeneinsatzstoffe in den Hochofen.
EP13790282.1A 2012-05-18 2013-05-17 Verfahren zum laden eines rohmaterials in einen hochofen Active EP2851434B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012115055 2012-05-18
PCT/JP2013/003172 WO2013172046A1 (ja) 2012-05-18 2013-05-17 高炉への原料装入方法

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EP2851434A1 EP2851434A1 (de) 2015-03-25
EP2851434A4 EP2851434A4 (de) 2015-12-09
EP2851434B1 true EP2851434B1 (de) 2019-02-20

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EP (1) EP2851434B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5601426B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101630279B1 (de)
CN (1) CN104302788B (de)
TR (1) TR201903647T4 (de)
WO (1) WO2013172046A1 (de)

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WO2017073053A1 (ja) * 2015-10-28 2017-05-04 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉への原料装入方法
KR102249774B1 (ko) 2019-10-02 2021-05-07 김미경 다기능 목발
WO2021152989A1 (ja) * 2020-01-29 2021-08-05 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉への原料装入方法
BR112022014972A2 (pt) * 2020-01-29 2022-09-20 Jfe Steel Corp Método para carregar matéria-prima no alto-forno

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Publication number Publication date
KR20150004840A (ko) 2015-01-13
WO2013172046A1 (ja) 2013-11-21
EP2851434A4 (de) 2015-12-09
JP5601426B2 (ja) 2014-10-08
CN104302788A (zh) 2015-01-21
TR201903647T4 (tr) 2019-06-21
JPWO2013172046A1 (ja) 2016-01-12
KR101630279B1 (ko) 2016-06-14
CN104302788B (zh) 2016-05-04
EP2851434A1 (de) 2015-03-25

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