EP2721690B1 - Élément rayonnant "patch" - Google Patents

Élément rayonnant "patch" Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2721690B1
EP2721690B1 EP12778953.5A EP12778953A EP2721690B1 EP 2721690 B1 EP2721690 B1 EP 2721690B1 EP 12778953 A EP12778953 A EP 12778953A EP 2721690 B1 EP2721690 B1 EP 2721690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch antenna
radiator
radiator surface
substrate
lateral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12778953.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2721690A1 (fr
Inventor
Nikola Dobric
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102011117690A external-priority patent/DE102011117690B3/de
Priority claimed from DE201210016627 external-priority patent/DE102012016627A1/de
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP2721690A1 publication Critical patent/EP2721690A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2721690B1 publication Critical patent/EP2721690B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a patch radiator according to the definition of claim 1.
  • Patch radiators are basically well known, for example from the DE 10 2004 016 158 A1 and the DE 10 2011 117 690.3 ,
  • Such patch emitters are known to comprise a dielectric substrate having an upper side, a lower side and peripheral wall sections, that is to say side surfaces. It is so far a three-dimensional body, which is square shaped in most applications in plan view. In this case, a closed, also square radiator surface is formed on the upper side, which is fed via a feed line extending perpendicularly thereto through the entire substrate and supplied from the underside.
  • ground surface On the underside an optionally also over the outer contour of the substrate protruding ground surface is provided, wherein the ground surface is provided with a corresponding hole-shaped recess through which the said feed line extends to the bottom of the ground plane through which the supply of the radiator surface is effected.
  • Patch emitters are often used as circularly polarized emitters and antenna devices.
  • the surface area which is generally square in design is square provided with in the corner areas incorporated discontinuities, so-called chamfers. They represent themselves as, for example, at two opposite corners incorporated triangular flats or recesses, over which the circularity of the patch antenna is formed.
  • Such circularly polarized patch antennas are often - as mentioned - used as GPS antennas, especially also in motor vehicle antennas, in addition to a number of other antenna devices, for example for the implementation of mobile services, receiving radio programs, etc ..
  • the substrate used is ceramic, which should have the largest possible value for ⁇ r .
  • a generic patch emitter is for example from US 2011/0 148 715 A1 known. It comprises a square substrate (dielectric), on the upper side of which an electrically conductive emitter surface is formed. The radiator surface is provided centrally with an annular recess. The radiator surface is fed via a feed line running past the dielectric at the outer edge of the radiator surface.
  • a patch radiator is described as known having a radiating surface, which is arranged to form a dielectric in the form of air at a distance from a ground plane parallel thereto.
  • the square patch radiating surface is connected at the peripheral edge with vertically downwardly projecting electrically conductive tongues which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the patch radiating surface are arranged. This is intended to achieve an improved adaptation with respect to linearly polarized or circularly polarized electromagnetic radiators.
  • a compact loop antenna which has a frame-shaped electrically conductive antenna surface, which is arranged at a distance in front of a reflector.
  • the loop or frame-shaped antenna with the inner recess is formed on the front side of a correspondingly provided with a recess in the middle dielectric body.
  • two loop-shaped feed devices are formed on the inside connected to a feed structure, via which electrical signals can be fed into the frame-shaped or loop-shaped antenna. Due to the loop-shaped feed devices offset by 90 °, a circularly polarized wave can be generated or received.
  • Patch emitters which have different geometries, are also from the WO 2006/036 116 A1 to be known as known. These are predominantly square or the square shape of approximated radiator surfaces, which are provided in the interior with variously shaped recesses, for example in an H-shape, in a double-trapezoidal shape, etc .. Is fed via a feed line from the outer The peripheral edge of the radiator surface is offset as well as from the inner boundary edge of the recess incorporated in the radiator surface.
  • the WO 02/063 714 A1 shows in contrast so-called fractal antennas.
  • These fractal antenna structures can have a closed radiator surface. It is also shown that the fractal structure can not only be formed on the outer circumference of the patch antenna, but also in a central recess area.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a patch antenna and, in particular, a circularly polarized patch antenna which, based on its broadband capability, should have the lowest possible antenna volume.
  • the outer side or wall surfaces of the support body, so the substrate are also used for the design of the antenna.
  • the radiator structure located on the substrate top side is widened in the form of a ring-shaped or frame-shaped radiator onto the side or outer surfaces of the three-dimensional substrate, as a result of which the volume of the carrier body can be optimally utilized.
  • This makes it possible to realize a very compact design of the antenna.
  • a specific feed structure is additionally provided with which the antenna can be operated as a circular-polarized antenna.
  • the radiator surface located on the upper side of the substrate is designed in principle annular and / or frame-shaped, under Forming of a surrounding of this ring and / or frame-shaped radiator surface structure recess area.
  • annular radiator structure is understood to mean any circumferential or frame-shaped radiator structure, that is to say also structures which, when viewed from above, do not necessarily have to be circular but, for example, can also form a square or regular n-polygonal frame etc.
  • a specific Anspeisungs Jardin which has at least two feed points, which are connected off-center at the transition or connection points electrically connected to the ring and / or frame-shaped radiator surface structure, under training two phase shifter lines.
  • phase shifter Due to the preferred off-center arrangement, the principle of a "phase shifter" is simulated, over what a different transit time from the feed point to the respective sections (tethers) is created on the ring and / or frame-shaped stripline structure, whereby the circularity of the patch antenna is generated.
  • the additionally provided extension of the radiation design from the substrate upper side to the side walls, that is to say the side surfaces of the substrate, can be realized and structured in different ways.
  • the radiator structure provided on the side or wall surfaces of the substrate comprises a plurality of top-down and in the circumferential direction of the side or wall surfaces staggered radiation sections. These radiation sections formed or extending from top to bottom on the side walls are electrically-galvanically connected to the radiation surface located on the upper side of the substrate.
  • the radiation surface located on the upper side of the substrate on the peripheral side walls of the substrate down in the direction of the ground surface extending, for example finger-shaped radiation sections, which are arranged spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the substrate by interposed electrically non-electrically conductive portions ,
  • finger-shaped radiation sections connected to the radiator surface provided on the upper side of the substrate and extending downwards preferably extend in a partial height of the substrate and thus in a partial height of the side walls.
  • the mentioned side radiating surface sections which merge into the emitter surface located on the top side of the patch antenna, can have a very wide variety of shapes.
  • the electrically conductive portions extending from top to bottom are designed strip-shaped when viewed from the side and, for example, are spaced apart from one another by strip-shaped electrically non-conductive sections. This results in a meandering or similar rectangular structure.
  • These structures may also be, for example, triangular, trapezoidal, etc. when viewed from the side. There are no restrictions in this respect.
  • An essential reason for the compact design of the antenna according to the invention lies in the utilization of the outer surfaces of the support body, so the dielectric or the substrate. Because the emitter surface of the patch antenna is quasi expanded from the top of the substrate in the direction of the circumferential side surfaces out and thereby increased. How this expansion is done and structured can be done in a variety of ways.
  • the broadbandity of the patch antenna according to the invention is also significantly improved compared to conventional solutions, namely by the formation of a multiplicity of additional side radiation surface sections, by means of which a boundary line is formed for the electrically conductive radiator structure whose circumferential length is significantly greater. as the actual circumferential length of the structure of the substrate.
  • this also enhances the vertically polarized portion of the electromagnetic field (terrestrial gain), since the radiant surface portions (hereinafter also partially referred to as finger-shaped portions) communicating with the radiating surface and extending sideways downwardly are comb-like are trained or be can, with these protruding portions then act like small vertical radiator elements.
  • the patch antenna can also be reduced in size compared to conventional patch antennas, and this with simultaneously improved broadband.
  • the side-surface radiator structure emanating from the radiator surface is in the form of a metallization, which is formed or provided directly on the side surfaces or sidewalls of the substrate.
  • this side surface radiator structure it is also possible to provide and position this side surface radiator structure at a distance from the side surfaces or side walls of the substrate, for example by using a separate support structure for this side surface radiator structure or preferably a side surface radiator structure in the form of a metal sheet or the like becomes.
  • the entire radiator is formed from such a metal sheet and can be positioned, for example, on the top of the substrate or, for example, glued or pressed.
  • This side surface radiator structure can then project beyond the edge or over the side walls or side surfaces at a distance and even protrude at an angle to the optionally right-angled side surface sections, be angled at the lower end opposite the radiator surface etc.
  • Numerous modification are possible here. For example, with multiple outwardly different extent protruding folded or curved or folded side surface radiator structure sections. In this case, even the feed line punched out of the metal sheet and be angled perpendicular to the radiator surface down through the substrate, whereby manufacturing advantages can be realized.
  • feed structures of the most varied design and provided with very different geometries can be used, which are based on the principle of galvanic or else on the principle of a capacitive feed.
  • the substrate at least partially box-shaped, namely to form an accessible from below interior.
  • This interior space can be dimensioned so large that there may be provided, for example, a printed circuit board with corresponding electrical or electronic components, in any height of the free space thus formed.
  • a very compact patch antenna arrangement can be provided that, within the illustrated patch arrangement, i. from this over- and / or encompassing another preferably the ground plane closer patch antenna is provided.
  • This further patch antenna can be designed as a simply polarized patch antenna, as a full-area metallized patch area or, for example, as a dual or circularly polarized patch antenna.
  • the inner or lower lying further patch antenna is designed as a GPS receiving antenna, that is with a generally full-surface radiating surface, which is arranged on a dielectric made of ceramic, the first ring or frame-shaped patch located above it.
  • Antenna configured so that it is used, for example, to receive the SDARS signals.
  • the inner patch antenna also ring-shaped or frame-shaped and is fed via internal phase shifter lines, thereby creating a circularly polarized patch antenna ring-like as the illustrated patch antenna according to the invention / or shaped like a frame, ie a ring and / or frame-shaped radiator surface, in the recess region which are leading to two different feed points phase shifter lines are provided, via which then a separate feed line and the two branching phase shifter lines then feeding this second patch antenna can be done.
  • the deep or inner ring or frame-shaped radiator surface of the inner patch antenna serves, for example, to receive SDARS signals, whereas the outer or upper patch antenna with an outer or higher radiator surface, for example, for receiving GPS signals. Due to the mutual coupling between the antennas, a minimization of the antenna structure is additionally achieved.
  • the antenna carrier may preferably consist of plastic and the mentioned radiator surfaces of the antenna structures, for example, from stamped and / or folded sheets.
  • the antenna structure for example, with the help of 3D-MID technology can be made, ie consist of three-dimensional electrical components (Molded Interconnect Devices - MID).
  • this second patch antenna may likewise preferably be provided on its outer circumference with electrically conductive extensions extending transversely to the radiator surface, for example in the region of the side walls of a carrier structure for this radiator surface.
  • the antenna can be used, for example, so that the outer ring-shaped or patch-shaped patch antenna, for example as an antenna for receiving from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), receives radiated signals, such as GPS signals, whereas the lower and / or internal ring or frame-shaped antenna, for example, can be used to receive SDARS signals.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • both stacked patch emitters may be formed the same or similar in structure, wherein usually provided on the circumferential sides and extending transversely to the radiator surface, for example, zigzag or meander-shaped extensions of the second Patchstrahler Structure in their Height are dimensioned smaller than the corresponding extensions to the upper patch radiator.
  • FIG. 1 a patch antenna 1 is shown from its basic structure, in a schematic three-dimensional representation.
  • It is preferably a circularly polarized patch antenna.
  • the patch antenna comprises - as well as from the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 2 gives - a dielectric body 3, which is also referred to below as a substrate partially.
  • This three-dimensional substrate comprises an upper side 3a, a lower side 3b, and peripheral side walls 3c, which are also sometimes referred to below as side surfaces 3c.
  • the side walls or side surfaces 3c are aligned in the embodiment shown perpendicular to the top or bottom 3a, 3b of the substrate and thus parallel to the central axis 7, which passes through the top and bottom of the substrate vertically and centrally.
  • sidewall space S is also sometimes used below, since, as will be shown later, the further structure structure is no longer directly on the surface of the sidewalls 3c but also at a distance therefrom can be provided.
  • the substrate may be made of a suitable material.
  • ceramic with a comparatively low value for the permittivity that is to say the dielectric conductivity ⁇ r
  • ⁇ r the permittivity
  • This also opens up the possibility of using as a substrate not only mandatory ceramic, but also preferably plastic, for example, especially when the patch antenna for receiving over SDARS programs broadcast (especially in North America) or to receive GPS data transmitted position data should. This minimizes losses.
  • the values for ⁇ r may preferably vary between 2 to 20.
  • an electrically conductive radiating surface 11 is formed on the upper side 3 a of the substrate (or generally above the upper side 3 a), for example in the form of a metallization provided on the upper side 3 a. If the metallization is designed in the form of a metal sheet, it can be glued on top of the substrate, for example or be pressed, whereby a good fixation can be achieved.
  • the radiator surface 11 is not formed as a closed radiator surface, but ring or frame-shaped, that is in the form of a circumferential (closed) radiator surface to form at least one of the circumferential closed radiator surface 11 surrounding recess 13, within which a subsequent, still further Detail discussed feed structure 15 is provided for the radiator surface 11.
  • the ring and / or frame-shaped radiator surface 11 is formed so that it is arranged circumferentially about a patch antenna generally centrally passing through the central axis 7, in a plane which is oriented perpendicular to the central axis 7 in the rule.
  • a - mass surface 17 is formed, which may also be provided in the form of a metallization.
  • the ground surface 17 is dimensioned larger in the longitudinal and transverse directions than the longitudinal and transverse directions of the substrate, so that the ground surface 17 projects beyond the side walls 3c of the substrate.
  • the ground surface can consist of a metal sheet. It is also possible that the ground surface 17 is also formed as a metallization, which is preferably provided on the upper side facing the patch antenna 1, wherein the patch antenna 1 then with the bottom of its substrate on this formed on the printed circuit board LP metallization positioned, for example glued can be.
  • the ground surface 17 may also be a structural part, on which the previously described patch antenna without separate own ground surface is placed, for example, the fact that the patch antenna positioned with its substrate on the body panel of a motor vehicle, for example, is glued.
  • the patch antenna 1 according to the invention is also provided at its circumferential side walls or side surfaces 3c with a side surface radiator structure 18 which is electrically-galvanically connected to the radiator surface 11 on the top surface 3a of the substrate 3, in the embodiment shown goes into this radiator surface 11.
  • the side surface emitter structure 18 consists of a multiplicity of side emitter surface sections 19 which, with their ends 19a facing the emitter surface 11, are electrically-galvanically connected to the emitter surface 11 or merge into the emitter surface 11.
  • the opposite end 19a thus runs away from the radiator surface 11 in the direction of the ground surface 17 and ends at a distance to free, that is generally without galvanic contact with the ground surface 17th
  • an overall radiator surface or overall radiator structure 25 is created, which includes both the radiator surface 11 located on the upper side 3a of the substrate 3 and the additional side surface radiator structure 18 with the associated plurality of side radiator surface sections 19 located on the side walls or side surfaces 3c , By taking advantage of these outer side surfaces 3c of the substrate 3, the total area for the radiator structure can thus be increased, without the dimensions of the patch antenna having to be increased.
  • the entire radiator surface is enlarged by this extension on the side walls, but also increases the entire boundary or outline 23, which surrounds the total radiator surface and is defined by the boundary line, the side radiator surface portions 19 of the recess areas 20 separates.
  • the side surface radiator structure 18 is provided directly on the surface of the peripheral side surfaces or side walls 3c of the substrate, which is particularly suitable when the corresponding overall radiator structure in the form of a metallized surface on the corresponding surface areas is formed, whereby thus the overhead radiator surface 11 and provided in the peripheral area side radiator surface portion 19 are formed.
  • the side radiator surface section 19 can also be provided at a lateral distance from the respective surface of the side walls 3 a, for example if, for example, a supporting structure projecting laterally beyond the side walls is used, which is placed for example in the manner of a downwardly open box on the substrate, so that circumferentially comparatively thin flange portions are formed, which are spaced from the mentioned side walls 3c of the substrate, so that on these flange portions, the mentioned side surface radiator structure 18 may be formed.
  • the entire radiator structure made of a metal sheet, folded, bent, etc., so that the top of the substrate lying on the radiator surface 11 merges into a side surface radiator structure 18, the side radiator surface portion 19 at a distance from the surface of the Side walls 3c come to rest. Therefore, it is also generally referred to that the side radiating surface portions 19 are formed not only on the side surfaces or side walls 3 c of the substrate directly, but in the side surface or side wall region S are provided, that is at a distance in front of the side surfaces or side walls 3c lie. Therefore, as already mentioned, part of the side surface space S spoken, in which the side surface radiator structure 18 is provided and / or formed. This will be explained later with reference to further embodiments.
  • the recess regions 20 extend between two side radiator surface sections 19 in a partial height 20 'of the substrate 3 and terminate at a distance 29 below the upper side 3 a of the substrate 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view reproduced, in which on the left side of the patch antenna, the section through a downwardly extending side radiator surface portion 19, namely at a partial height 19 'from the upper radiator surface 11, whereas on the right side of the sectional view is a section is reproduced, which extends through a recessed area 20 which extends in a partial height 20 'of the ground surface 17 upwards, so that the recessed area terminates at a distance 29 in front of the top surface 3a of the substrate 3.
  • the side radiator surface sections 19 are connected to one another at their end facing the radiator surface 11, as it were, via an electrically conductive strip 29 on the side wall 3c.
  • the electrically nonconductive recess portions 20 are interconnected via a lower strip 33 in front of which the downwardly projecting portion of the side radiator surface portions 19 terminates.
  • an overlapping region 35 results with a partial height 35a, in which the electrically conductive side radiator surface sections 19 and the recess regions 20 are formed next to each other.
  • the height 20 'of these recess regions 20, such as the height 19' of the side radiator sections 19 and the height 35 'of the overlapping region 35, can be selected differently within wide ranges. They can extend over the entire height of the side walls or only over a partial height. There are no restrictions in this respect. moreover, the heights and partial heights for the side emitter surface sections 19 and the recessed regions 20 can also be dimensioned differently at different locations, so that the remaining sections 27, 29, 31, 33 can also have different values at different locations on the circumferential side wall 3c.
  • the slot-shaped recesses 20 thus formed can also extend to the top side 3 a of the substrate 3, just as the height or length of the side radiator surface sections 19 can extend at least almost to the plane of the ground surface 17.
  • the width of the plurality of side emitter surface portions 19 as well as the width of the recessed portions 20 can be arbitrarily selected in a wide range. These widths may also vary in a single embodiment. The smaller the widths, the larger and thus the longer the boundary / contour line 23.
  • preferably 4 to 16 side radiator sections 19 and thus also recessed areas 20 can be successively, i. be arranged side by side.
  • Preferred numbers may be between 10 to 50 or 20 to 40. There are no real restrictions, with a higher number as mentioned leading to an enlargement of the boundary / contour line 23, which is advantageous. Therefore, the above values are also to be understood as exemplary only, i. without restriction.
  • the shapes for the side radiating surface portions 19 as well as the recess portions 20 may be selected differently.
  • the description of the structure of the patch antenna according to the invention shows that the main reason for the compact design of the antenna is the utilization of the outer side surfaces or side walls 3c of the carrier body 3. Because the radiator surface 11 located on the upper side 3a of the substrate thus passes over in the radiator surface sections on the side walls 3c, whereby the total radiator surface is increased.
  • the vertically polarized portion of the electromagnetic field (terrestrial gain) is amplified by the patch antenna explained, since a comb-like side surface radiator structure 18 is provided by the finger-shaped side radiator surface sections 19 in the exemplary embodiment shown, in which the side radiator surface sections 19 act as small vertical radiator elements.
  • sections 19 and the recess sections 20 belonging to the total radiator surface 25 are also formed by a wave structure, that is to say by a wave-shaped boundary. or outline 23 (this wavy line may be sinusoidal or cosine shaped, or follow a different waveform).
  • boundary line 23 between the two sections can also be designed in a zigzag shape.
  • boundary line 23 can in principle take any form, for example, can also follow a fractal structure.
  • the side radiator surface sections 19 and / or the recess regions 20 located therebetween may have a fractal structure such that a boundary / contour line 23 following between these sections and the recessed regions 20 is created.
  • the design options for the side emitter surface portions 19 and the recessed areas 20 are varied and unlimited.
  • the side surface radiator structure 18 can have a multiplicity of side radiator surface sections 19 and / or electrically nonconductive recess regions 20 which extend from the radiator surface 11 in the direction of the ground surface 17 finger, tongue, rectangle -, triangular, trapezoidal, comb or wavy or similar or formed, for example, in the manner of fractal structures. Accordingly, the boundary and contour line 23 is larger by this configuration, that is greater than the pure circumference of the substrate 3 across its sidewalls.
  • the illustrated embodiment thus shows that the ring-shaped or radiator-shaped radiator surface 11 can ultimately be extended to the outer surfaces of the substrate 3, that is to the circumferential side or wall surfaces 3c, whereby the volume of the substrate 3 is optimally utilized.
  • the total radiator area 25 can be increased without increasing the volume.
  • the feed structure 15 consists of a quarter-circle circumferential strip 51, the feed point 53 being shown off-center, at which the antenna feed line 42 (inner conductor) terminates, which has a corresponding bore 3d in the substrate 3 and a corresponding bore 17a in the ground plane 17 interspersed.
  • the feed line 42 can be the extension of an inner conductor 43 'of a coaxial feed line 43, the outer conductor 43 "of which is electrically-galvanically connected to the ground plane 17.
  • the aforementioned quarter circle circumferential strip 51 generally represents a phase shifter device in the form of a phase shifter line 47 dar.
  • the embodiment is such that the patch antenna described and shown is positioned and connected on a printed circuit board LP, on the upper side (ie the underside 3b of the substrate 3) facing a metallized surface is provided or formed, which acts as a ground surface 17 , Therefore, the in FIG. 1 shown ground surface 17 may be provided as a corresponding metallized surface on top of an optionally even larger sized printed circuit board.
  • this metallized surface is provided with a recess, in the region of which the printed circuit board is provided with a bore, through which the feed line 42 leads to the underside of the printed circuit board and there electrically connected, in particular soldered.
  • the corresponding hole in the printed circuit board can also be formed as a through-hole, it being merely necessary to ensure that no connection to the ground surface is produced here. In this case, there is no coaxial connection cable.
  • FIG. 2a is one too FIG. 2 corresponding representation reproduced, in which the printed circuit board LP is shown with.
  • phase shifter line 47 Due to the off-center arrangement of the feed point 53, two differently long coupling lines 47 'and 47 "result in the phase shifter line 47, which in the embodiment shown terminate centrally on the inner edge 11a of the ring-shaped or frame-shaped emitter surface 11 which is closed circumferentially and preferably here at central contact points 48 preferably pass into the radiator surface 11 (wherein the central connection of the coupling lines 47 ', 47 "is related to the relevant length of the respective inner side 11a, the square-shaped recess in this embodiment). Due to the different lengths of the coupling lines 47 ', 47 "thus formed, the desired phase shift, for example 90 °, can be set by the different transit time length in the phase shifter line 47 thus formed.
  • the desired circularity does not occur over the illustrated feed point 53 in deviation from standard patch antennas
  • This fact has the advantage, inter alia, that the annular and / or frame-shaped radiator surface 11 can thereby be widened onto the outer surfaces or sidewalls 3c, whereby the volume is increased the carrier body, that is, the substrate 3, can be optimally utilized.
  • the circumference of the ring and / or frame-shaped total emitter surface 25 can be further increased, whereby the volume of the substrate - as already mentioned - by up to 50 % can be reduced.
  • an equivalent circuit diagram is additionally reproduced, which indicates the ring-shaped or frame-shaped structure of the total radiator surface 25, wherein the ring walls or frame-shaped radiator structure is produced by the side radiator surface sections 19 and the recess regions 20 formed alternately on the side walls 3c , which is defined by alternately successive series inductances 39 and series capacitances 41.
  • the values for ⁇ r may preferably be between 2 and 20.
  • the patch antenna according to the invention for receiving via SDARS radiated programs are to be used, are particularly suitable values for ⁇ r , which are between 2 and 10 while the substrate or the patch antenna and thus the surrounding radiator surface has a dimension of 15mm x 15mm to 30mm x 30mm.
  • the antenna according to the invention is to be used, for example, to receive GPS signals, it is possible to use a substrate with a material which preferably has values of ⁇ r between 10 and 20. This results in suitable patch antenna sizes, ie dimensions for the substrate in plan view, which may for example be between 15mm x 15mm to 25mm x 25mm. Any number of different orders of magnitude in 1 mm increments are equally possible and feasible between these values.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5h now different dining structures 15 are shown in a schematic plan view, as for example for the in FIG. 1 shown (in plan view) square formed patch antenna (1) can be used.
  • FIG. 5a In the variant according to FIG. 5a is schematically represented that feed structure 15, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can be seen.
  • connection points 48 are again galvanically connected to each other, as from FIG. 5e can be seen directly.
  • Capacitive supply is also possible by the two coupling lines 47 ', 47 "of the phase shifter line 47 being galvanically separated from the radiator surface 11.
  • the two coupling lines 47', 47" perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the lateral boundaries of the substrate 3 as the radiator surface 11 are aligned parallel to two connecting lines 47a, 47b, which are also perpendicular and parallel to the coupling lines 47 ', 47 "are arranged, and are each connected at a junction 48 with the radiator surface 48 and at its opposite end Arrangement of these connecting lines 47a, 47b is the capacitive coupling to the actual coupling lines 47 ', 47 "of the phase shifter 47 formed thereby.
  • the feed 53 is here again eccentrically arranged relative to the total length of the phase shifter 47, in turn, in this arrangement, a 90 ° Phase Shift at the feed points 48, which is offset by 90 ° lying on the inner side 11a of the radiator surface 11 is provided, as in the previous embodiments also.
  • the explained capacitive connection to the ring and / or Frame-shaped radiator surface 11 and the annular and / or frame-shaped overall radiator surface 25 also causes an inclination of the profit lobe about 9 ° to 11 °. This can be of advantage, in particular in the case of inclined vehicle roofs, in order to compensate for a constructional imbalance in which the antenna is located.
  • the feed structure reproduces a closed rectangular frame, wherein in turn two coupling lines 47 ', 47 "lead from the feed point 53 to two offset by 90 ° contact points 48, about which the electrical connection with the radiator surface 11 is given in this case via another connecting line 47a, 47b again connected to each other (similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 5e , wherein the additional connecting lines 47a, 47b quasi with their corner inwards in relation to the embodiment according to FIG. 5g are allocated).
  • FIG. 5h builds on the variant according to FIG. 5g and is characterized by two centrally and cross extending additional connecting lines 47a, 47b, over which the coupling lines 47 'and 47 "are additionally connected to each other and to the contact points 48.
  • FIG. 5j and FIG. 5g is shown only schematically that the contour of the substrate and the radiator surface 11 does not have to match the inner contour of the recess 13.
  • FIG. 5i shown in plan view a square patch 11 with square substrate 3, which has a circular boundary edge has for the recess 13.
  • the phase shifter lines 47 are reproduced at right angles with two offset by 90 ° ends legs.
  • the patch and the radiator surface 11 is circular, whereas the boundary edge of the recess 13 is formed square.
  • the phase shifter line is formed part-circular (in the manner of a 90 ° sub-circle). This is just to show that the most diverse combinations and variants are possible here.
  • the geometry of the patch antenna and the substrate with the radiator surface does not necessarily have to be square, but may also have different shapes. Generally, a regular polygonal is preferred.
  • the substrate 3, for example, cylindrical and the radiator surface 11 located thereon and the inner circular recess 13 can be formed circular.
  • two coupling lines 47 ', 47 "provided with the annular (generally frame-shaped) circumferential strip of the radiator surface 11 at the connection points 48 are galvanically connected to produce a 90 ° phase shift and thus the patch antenna also, as shown in the other embodiments, to operate as a circularly polarized patch antenna can.
  • connection and coupling serving radial arm 47c is still formed, that is, an electrically conductive strip portion 47c, which is connected symmetrically to the two coupling lines with the radiator surface 11 and at a preferably small distance 47c to the one, in this embodiment longer coupling line 47 "ends, which leads to the feed point 53 (that is, has two mutually perpendicular coupling sections), wherein the second coupling line 47 'in turn leads radially to the junction of the annular radiator surface 11.
  • FIG. 7 Reference is made in which, in a modification to the embodiment according to Figure 1 to 6 an altered food structure is shown.
  • this phase shifter line 147 is arranged with the feed point 153 in the sense of a 180 ° rotational symmetry symmetrical to the central axis 7 with respect to the first phase shifter line 47 with the local feed point 53 and is connected to the radiator surface 11 at the connection points 148.
  • FIG. 8 the equivalent circuit is shown.
  • the two feed points 53 and 153 are fed via a 180 ° hybrid phase shifter 253.
  • the bandwidth can be further increased.
  • the directional characteristic of the antenna becomes symmetrical. It comes here no longer to a lopsidedness of the profit lobe.
  • the total supply of the 180 ° hybrid phase shifter 253 takes place via an inner conductor 43 '" a corresponding feed line 43.
  • the principle is comparable to the equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG. 4 ,
  • the feed takes place with respect to each feed point with the associated phase shift line 47 or 147 offset by 90 ° with respect to the rotating radiator surface 11.
  • the coupling lines 47 ', 47 "or 147', 147" emanating via a feed point 53 or 153 must not lead to a pair of feed points 48 and 148, respectively, forming the respective phase shift line 47 or 147.
  • a 30 ° angular offset or, for example, a 67.5 ° angular offset is possible if a corresponding phase shift via the respective associated coupling lines 47 ', 47 "or 147', 147" is selected.
  • a circularly polarized wave can be transmitted or received.
  • FIG. 9 a cross-sectional view of a modified embodiment, for example, reproduced in plan view square or cylindrical patch radiator 1, which is frustoconical or truncated pyramidal of the overall shape, ie with side walls 3c, not perpendicular to the top or bottom 3a, 3b of the substrate 3 and thus perpendicular to the radiator surface 11, but inclined thereto.
  • the side walls are inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the central axis 7 (wherein the angle ⁇ between the base surface or lower side 3b of the substrate 3 and the vertical cutting plane leading through the symmetry or central axis 7 are formed by the side walls or side surfaces 3c.
  • the side surfaces 3c are the correspondingly discussed side radiator surface sections 19 and the recesses located therebetween 20, which are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.
  • the angle ⁇ can differ within wide ranges. However, it should be greater than 0 °, since otherwise there is virtually no three-dimensional substrate, but the total radiator surface structure would lie only in one plane. Values for ⁇ of more than 10 °, in particular more than 20 °, more than 30 °, more than 40 °, more than 50 °, more than 60 °, more than 70 ° and more than 80 ° are therefore desirable. This angle is preferably ⁇ 90 °.
  • the values could theoretically also increase by more than 90 °, as shown schematically by the slightly modified cross-sectional representation according to FIG FIG. 10 is reproduced.
  • the structure of the substrate is in accordance with the FIG. 9 formed quasi upside down, although the radiator surface 11 is provided on the upper side 3a.
  • the side walls 3c are then inclined in reverse to the embodiment of FIG FIG. 9 ,
  • the angle ⁇ should preferably be smaller than 180 ° to actually form a three-dimensional substrate. Values of less than 170 °, in particular less than 160 °, 150 °, 140 °, 130 °, 120 °, 110 ° and in particular 100 ° are preferred.
  • the radiator structure may be formed in total, for example, using a metal sheet whose side radiator surface portion 19 are spaced from the surfaces of the side walls 3c.
  • FIG. 11 a sheet has been used, which has been punched accordingly, so that the overhead portion of the radiating surface 11 can be adhered to the surface 3a of the substrate using, for example, an adhesive layer or a double-sided adhesive tape.
  • the corresponding pre-punched side emitter surface portion 19 have then been bent down so that these side emitter surface portions 19 come to rest in the 9. vom- or sidewall areas S, but not directly on the surface of the side walls 3c are formed or positioned.
  • side distance A can be chosen arbitrarily in a wide range.
  • the angling of the side radiator surface sections 19 can also take place differently, so that these sections do not necessarily have to be aligned at a 90 ° angle to the upper radiator surface section 11, as described with reference to FIG FIG. 11 is shown by dashed lines for two other examples, by the side wall sections are formed obliquely, namely at an angle ⁇ comparable to the embodiment according to FIG. 9 ,
  • the side radiator surface sections 19 in the 39 insects- or sidewalls space S can also be provided with at least one further, for example, opposite the ground surfaces underlying bend 19b, which runs parallel or obliquely to the ground surface and ends with its free end on or at a distance from the side walls or side surfaces 3c.
  • FIG. 13 Based on FIG. 13 is shown in a comparable vertical cross-section, that provided in the 39 vom- or sidewall space at a distance from the side walls 3c side radiator surface portions 19 may be provided with multiple bends 161, resulting in, for example, a kind of circumferential stair structure, in which at least predominantly more vertically oriented portions are formed with more horizontally oriented portions consecutively.
  • the punching process can be done so that when punching at the same time the required phase shifter lines 47 are left behind, which are then formed in a punching operation as part of the entire radiator structure cohesively connected to the rest of the radiator surface.
  • the side emitter surface portions 19 are circumferentially formed electrically galvanically closed. If appropriate, only punctiform connections between the circumferentially offset side radiator surface sections can also be provided in the corner regions 19 be provided. In particular, when the patch antenna is produced using a punched and punched metal sheet, the side radiator surface portions 19 folded over at the ruled lines 61 can be separated, in particular in their corner regions, by a punching or creasing line to an adjacent side radiator surface portion 19.
  • FIG. 14 is still a further variant of the invention according to FIG. 14 in which the patch antenna is shown using a folded metal sheet.
  • the side-emitter surface sections 19 which are laid on the side surfaces 3c or extend at a distance from them have emerged from edges in the upper corner region 61 from a jointly punched metal sheet.
  • This embodiment is also the phase shifter line 47 with the two coupling lines 47 ', 47 "adjacent to the feed point 53 part of a stamped metal sheet.
  • Justierzapfen 97 are also provided on the upper side of the substrate, which preferably pass through at an appropriate location in the upper radiator surface 11 holes 97 'in the mounted position and thereby serve the adjustment of the radiator surface 11.
  • Visible recesses 98 have only a production-related importance to the substrate - if it is made for example of plastic - to produce as possible without shrinkage.
  • the substrate 3 may have a cavity 103, which is accessible from the bottom 3b forth via an opening 103a formed there. This results in a box-shaped substrate of overhead ceiling 3d and the circumferential side walls 3c.
  • an additional printed circuit board 107 can be accommodated on which electrical or electronic components or assemblies 109 can be positioned.
  • the aforementioned printed circuit board 107 can be accommodated at any height in this cavity 103, such as in FIG. 17 about mid-height and in FIG. 18 directly on the bottom of the upper top wall 3d.
  • the entire inner or cavity 103 is lined or clad on the underside of the so-called ceiling 3d as well as on the inner side walls 3'c with a metallizing layer, whereby the entire inner space 103 is shielded to the side and upwards with respect to the substrate 3. Similarly, theoretically an electrically conductive or metallized or consisting of a sheet metal box of appropriate size in this cavity 103 are inserted.
  • the patch antenna formed in this way can be inserted through holes 117 in the printed circuit board LP until the spring arms 117 'engage behind the opening 117 of the printed circuit board LP and thereby pre-adjust the substrate 3 at the PCB PCB holds.
  • the described antenna can in principle serve for transmitting as well as for receiving electromagnetic waves and in particular circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. It can also be used for simultaneous transmission and reception, in particular when, as usual, the transmission and reception range is frequency-wise offset, albeit small, from one another. When receiving the corresponding signals are then forwarded via the so-called feed line for further processing to the electronics located on the printed circuit board and / or other subsequent modules.
  • the described embodiments show that with relatively little effort, two 3D ring patch antennas can be arranged nested in each other, for example, to receive GPS and SDARS signals.
  • the cost-effective construction results from the fact that no ceramic as a dielectric for the patch antenna arrangement is necessary.
  • a relatively compact structure can be realized.
  • the S-parameters, the gain and the axial ratio meet the requirements.
  • the radiator surface (211 of the second patch antenna B) is arranged in the distance between the radiator surface 11 of the first patch antenna A and the ground surface 17, in particular in a middle range of 20% to 80%, in particular 30% to 70%, especially 40% to 60% of the total height or the total distance between the radiator surface 11 of the first patch antenna and the ground plane 17th
  • the following exemplary embodiments result in an improved bandwidth and an improved gain, in particular in the case of GPS antennas.
  • a cost savings over conventional solutions corresponding stacked patch antenna can be realized, since the antenna structure can preferably consist of only two sheets and a plastic carrier.
  • FIG. 19 is the basic structure of the stacked patch antenna array in three-dimensional representation and in FIG. 20 reproduced in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 20 is at the top of the patch emitter A to see how he basically based on the FIGS. 1 ff has already been explained.
  • the patch radiator A can be formed from a sheet by punching and edges. Therefore, in the circumferential annular or frame-shaped patch radiating surface a recess 11 'can be seen, which arises only to be able to produce between the two phase shifter 47', 47 "the feed line 42 shown there also by punching in sufficient length , so that the feed line extends after the edges at a sufficient height, the entire antenna arrangements to preferably to the lower portion of the support assembly.
  • FIG. 20 lying in the middle of the second patch antenna B is now seen, which is constructed in the preferred embodiment shown so that the patch antenna A and the patch antenna B have a comparable antenna structure.
  • the second patch antenna arrangement B has a radiator surface 211 which is ring-shaped or frame-shaped, wherein on the circumferential sides a side-surface radiator structure 218 is provided, which consists of a multiplicity of side radiator surface sections 219, between which recesses 220 are provided. in the exemplary embodiment shown open on the side facing away from the radiator surface 11.
  • the corresponding structural features in the patch antenna B are provided with the same reference numerals as in the patch antenna A, but higher by the numeral 200.
  • the radiator surface 211 of a sheet metal or Metal part punched and parts are folded, wherein in the recess region 213 again a feed structure 215 with two phase shifter lines 247 'and 247 "are formed, between which the similarly shaped feed line 242 is again preferably transverse and preferably perpendicular to the plane of the radiator surface 211 extending
  • a corresponding additional recess 211 ' is provided in the radiator surface 211, which makes it possible for the corresponding feed line 242 to be punched out of the sheet metal in sufficient length and preferably folded over it by edges, so that the feed line is of sufficient length
  • the two phase shifter lines 247 'and 247 "end in each case at two connection points 248 on the inner edge of the radiator surface provided with the recess.
  • the support structure 10 which consists of a dielectric material.
  • the support structure 10 comprises a support device 300 with a peripheral wall 301, wherein inside this support structure then wall sections 302 and pedestals 303 are provided which terminate at different heights.
  • the mentioned second lower or inner patch antenna B can be laid or mounted at a lower level or a lower level, whereas the patch antenna A is mounted at a higher level across the lower patch antenna B, ie at the upper level Emitter surface 11 to the lower ground plane is more remote than the radiator surface 211 of the patch antenna B.
  • the second patch antenna B in the areas of their ring and / or frame-shaped radiator surface 211 provided with a latching device 311, which may consist of several radially extending towards the center of the individual fingers.
  • a latching device 311 which may consist of several radially extending towards the center of the individual fingers.
  • FIG. 21 shows a schematic plan view of the embodiment according to Figures 19 and 20 .
  • FIGS. 22 and 23 show two sectional views of the line AA or BB in FIG. 21 .
  • the support means 300 is designed in the form of the dielectric with serving as a support walls or wall sections and pedestals, etc., that for the lower patch antenna B, a circumferential groove-shaped recess or recess 321 is formed, in which the transverse and at least approximately perpendicular, for example, at an angle of 91 ° to 95 ° to the radiator surface can run down.
  • the side-emitter surface portions 219 are positioned slightly outwards and abut against the inner side surface 300 'of the support device 300 during placement and mounting, as a result of which additionally a further fixed fixation of the inner patch antenna B is realized.
  • FIGS. 22 and 23 also show that the carrier structure 10 or the carrying device 300 reveals externally on the outer wall 301 also in the region of its lower bottom an upwardly open circumferential groove 301 'with low height, into which the leading ends of the radiator surface portions 19 of the upper Patch antenna A, which otherwise rest on the outer surface 300 "of the outer wall 301 of the support structure 300.
  • the circumferential wall 301 especially in the corner areas, hooks 307 (FIG. FIG. 20 ), and that the radiator surface sections 19 provided in this region are provided with corresponding latching elements 19 'interacting therewith (FIG. FIG. 20 ), in the embodiment shown in the form of recesses can be seen, which engage the hook 307.
  • the outer or upper patch antenna is fixed to the carrier structure 10, ie carrying device 300, by the simplest means.
  • a bottom view of the illustrated antenna assembly is shown, which may be provided with an adhesive tape 253 in order to stick the patch antenna assembly thus formed in a suitable location, for example on a chassis.
  • the two feed lines 42 and 242 can be seen.
  • the two patch antennas A and B are preferably aligned with respect to their phase shift lines so that the respective two co-operating phase shifter lines 47 'and 47 "or 247' and 247" in plan view 180 ° twisted to each other, so are positioned diametrically opposite.
  • the upper or outer patch antenna can act as a GPS ring antenna and the lower or inner patch antenna as SDARS loop antenna.
  • a corresponding resonance diagram for the two antennas is in FIG. 25 played.
  • the variant of the two patch antennas A and B may be tuned so that the patch antenna A, so the outer or the entire antenna array cross patch antenna A is suitable for receiving signals, for example, from a global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are sent out, whereas the deeper or inner patch antenna B can be used, for example, to receive SDARS satellite signals.
  • GNSS global Navigation Satellite System
  • the second patch antenna B may be formed in a simplified embodiment as a simple polarized patch antenna in which, for example, the radiator surface 211 is formed as a solid surface (eg without recess).
  • the deeper or internal patch antenna B may comprise, for example, a more or less full-surface emitter surface, which is formed on the surface on a full-volume dielectric 261, for example a cuboid or cuboid-like dielectric 261.
  • a patch antenna may be used in which the carrier body of the dielectric of the patch antenna B is made of ceramic (used Ceramic can have a value of ⁇ r of 20 to 45).
  • a plastic frame with more or less rotating support walls 301 according to the embodiment according to Figures 19 and 20
  • this dielectric material may have an ⁇ r of 2 to 6.
  • the emitter surface of the first patch antenna A is then held and supported in the manner described.
  • the outer or upper patch antenna (preferably in the form of a SDARS antenna) dispensed with an associated ceramic part, whereby a cost savings can be achieved.
  • the outer patch antenna in particular in the form of an SDARS antenna, is preferably realized by a simple sheet metal structure.
  • a high bandwidth AR can be realized which has ⁇ 3 dB, for example from 2320 MHz to 2345 MHz. This ensures interoperable data transmission according to the Sirius / XM standard.
  • the outer or upper patch antenna preferably in the form of an SDARS receiving antenna, improves the performance for receiving geostationary position data, for example in the context of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and in particular for receiving the GPS position data.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the inner one may preferably be in the form of a GPS patch antenna or
  • Such patch antenna B have external dimensions of, for example, 18 x 18 x 4 mm or, for example, 25 x 25 x 4 mm.
  • all suitable intermediate dimensions below the above-mentioned external dimensions are conceivable and provide surprisingly good results.
  • radiator surface 211 of the second patch antenna B at the peripheral edge with a side surface radiator structure 218 with a plurality of side radiating surface portions 219 may be formed as in the embodiment according to FIG. 20
  • the radiator surface 11 could also as in the embodiment according to FIG. 20 be designed, namely for generating a dual or circularly polarized antenna, for example using the two phase shifter lines shown there 247 'and 247 ", but without the circumferential side surface radiator structure 18. Modifications are possible here.
  • a quasi three-dimensional designed patch radiator A is provided, which is constructed in principle as in all other previous embodiments also.
  • the radiating surface 11 is designed in the shape of a frame, the width of the radiator surface frame 11 "of this embodiment being kept comparatively narrow 19 trained.
  • two side radiating surfaces 19 which are offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the respective side are provided for each longitudinal side of the respective side, which have a width which is approximately equal to the distance between the two side radiator surface sections 19 per longitudinal side of the radiator surface 11 correspond.
  • These lobe or tongue-shaped side radiator surfaces 19 do not extend perpendicularly but outwardly at an obliquely oriented angle away from the radiator surface 11, ie in an arrangement diverging from the radiator surface 11 in the direction of the substrate 3, wherein in the embodiment shown the end sections 19 "of the side radiator surface sections 19 the side walls 3c of the plate-shaped base of the substrate 3 overlap at least at a partial height and end there parallel to the side wall 3c and abut.
  • pedestals 303 Within the generally plate-shaped substrate 3 are pedestals 303, so podium-shaped elevations angular spacers 303 are provided, which are arranged offset in the respective corner regions to the outer surface of the substrate inwardly. They all end in the same height.
  • the second patch antenna is now not three-dimensional but designed only as a flat planar patch antenna.
  • this patch antenna B can also again be configured, as in the preceding exemplary embodiments, a frame-shaped radiator surface 211 with an internal recess and with a corresponding feed, wherein the feed likewise in turn cooperates two
  • the planar, in the embodiment shown preferably sheet-shaped patch antenna B has from its outer peripheral boundary lines inwardly offset lying in each corner an angular recess 401, whose size, ie dimensioning and location of the platform-shaped elevations 303rd
  • this patch antenna B can be placed on the dielectric 3, ie on its surface 3a, in such a way that the angular pedestals 303 projecting over the surface or upper side 3a of the dielectric 3 upwards correspond to the corresponding ones Recesses 401 protrude through in the emitter surface 11 of the patch antenna B.
  • the patch antenna B lies flat on the surface 3a of the dielectric
  • the patch antenna A is then placed, the frame-shaped radiator surface 11 then rests on the top 303 'of the podium-shaped corner or angle pieces and the patch antenna A overlaps.
  • the actual dielectric is still interspersed with a variety of square openings is not critical to the decision.
  • both patch antennas A and B may preferably consist of a sheet metal construction. That is, the patch antenna A and B is produced by punching, wherein the patch antenna A is then also additionally deformed by three-dimensional edges to the corresponding explained side radiator surface sections 19 with form.
  • the feeder lines can also be made in both patch antennas A and B by punching and by edges as explained.
  • radial pins are used for the feed instead of the explained with reference to the other embodiments bent, so produced by punching the edges of the feed lines. That is, it is preferred for both the outer and the inner patch antenna A and B, a cylindrical pin used, which may be soldered to the corresponding feed point.
  • the outer patch antenna A is three-dimensionally shaped, similar to the other embodiments as well, wherein the overall shape has less a cube shape than a pyramid shape (through the side radiator surface portions diverging from top to bottom).
  • the inner second patch antenna B is formed purely flat and not three-dimensionally shaped, ie without side radiator surface sections 19th
  • the outer, ie upper, patch antenna arrangement A preferably serves for the reception of SDARS services, whereas the inner or lower, in the exemplary embodiment, flat patch antenna B is used for the GPS services.
  • the inner second patch antenna B has a two-dimensional structure, i. two-dimensional surface, whereas the outer patch antenna is designed three-dimensional.

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Claims (31)

  1. Elément rayonnant patch avec les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - comprenant un substrat (3) diélectrique avec une face supérieure (3a), une face inférieure (3b) espacée par rapport à celle-ci, et des surfaces latérales ou des parois latérales (3c) faisant le tour entre la face supérieure (3a) et la face inférieure (3b),
    - une surface rayonnante (11) conductrice électriquement est agencée sur la face supérieure (3a) ou au dessus de la face supérieure (3a) du substrat (3),
    - avec une structure d'alimentation (15) pour l'alimentation de la surface rayonnante (11),
    - la surface rayonnante (11) est conçue comme une surface rayonnante (11) sous la forme d'un anneau et/ou d'un cadre, qui entoure un domaine évidé (13),
    - une structure rayonnante à surfaces latérales (18) reliée par voie galvanique avec la surface rayonnante (11) est formée sur les surfaces latérales, respectivement, les parois latérales (3c), ou à distance par rapport aux surfaces latérales ou parois latérales (3c), qui comprend des parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) en direction circonférentielle des surfaces latérales, respectivement, des parois latérales (3c), entre lesquelles des régions évidées (20) électriquement non conductrices sont prévues,
    caractérisé par les caractéristiques suivantes supplémentaires :
    - la structure d'alimentation (15) est prévue dans le plan de la surface rayonnante (11) dans la région de l'évidement (13) dans la surface rayonnante (11),
    - la structure d'alimentation (15) comprend un ensemble oscillateur à déphasage, ou est constituée d'un ensemble oscillateur à déphasage, qui est relié en deux points de liaison (48) avec la surface rayonnante (11) sous l'influence d'un déphasage, et
    - la structure d'alimentation (15) est prévue dans la surface rayonnante (11) sous la forme d'un ensemble oscillateur à déphasage dans le plan de la surface rayonnante (11) au niveau de la région de l'évidement (13), où l'ensemble oscillateur à déphasage est relié de manière galvanique avec la surface rayonnante (11).
  2. Antenne patch selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la structure d'alimentation (15) est reliée avec la surface rayonnante (11) au niveau de sa limite intérieure (11a), dans laquelle les points de liaison (48) sont agencés de préférence décalés de 90 ° par rapport à l'axe central représentant au milieu ou verticalement la surface rayonnante (11).
  3. Antenne patch selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface de matière (17) est prévue sur la face inférieure (3b), ou en dessous de la face inférieure (3b), du substrat (3), et que la structure rayonnante à surfaces latérales (18) comprend une multiplicité de parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) et/ou de domaines évidés (20) qui sont structurés par la surface rayonnante (11) en direction de la surface de matière (17) sous forme de doigts, de langues, de rectangles, de triangles, de trapèzes ou d'ondulations ou de manière analogue, ou selon un motif fractal.
  4. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) s'étendent sur une hauteur partielle (19'), inférieure par rapport à la hauteur totale (H) du substrat (3), qui s'arrêtent à une distance (27) de la partie inférieure (3b) du substrat (3) et/ou que les domaines évidés (20), incapables d'être conducteurs électriquement, s'étendent sur une hauteur (H) du substrat (3) ou sur une hauteur partielle (20') de celle-ci, qui s'arrêtent à une distance (29) en dessous de la face supérieure (3a) du substrat (3) et/ou en dessous de la surface rayonnante (11).
  5. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'un domaine de superposition (35) est créé sur les surfaces latérales, respectivement, les parois latérales (3c), dans lequel des parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) et des domaines évidés (20) alternent sur tout le périmètre.
  6. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que, sur les surfaces latérales, respectivement les surfaces des parois (3c), une ligne de délimitation et/ou de contour (23), s'étendant entre les deux domaines par des parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) et des domaines évidés (20) incapables d'être conducteurs électriquement imbriqués les uns dans les autres, qui est plus longue que la longueur du périmètre du substrat (3), est formée.
  7. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que, dans la conduite de l'oscillateur à déphasage (47), le point d'alimentation (53) pour la conduite d'alimentation (42) est disposé de telle façon qu'un déphasage de 90 ° est ainsi généré au niveau des points de liaison (48) de la surface rayonnante (11) en forme d'anneau ou de cadre.
  8. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la conduite de l'oscillateur à déphasage (47) s'étend, en vue plongeante, sous la forme d'une portion de cercle, de manière rectangulaire, de manière polygonale ou en arc de cercle, où deux conduites couplées (47', 47"; 147', 147") sont formées en partant du point d'alimentation (53) jusqu'aux points de liaison (48) sur la surface rayonnante (11), par lesquelles une durée, et ainsi un déphasage, de 90 ° par rapport au point d'alimentation (48) peut être généré sur la surface rayonnante (11).
  9. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que deux conduites d'oscillateurs à déphasage (47, 147) sont prévues, qui sont disposées espacées en rotation de 180 °, et/ou décalées en rotation de 180 °, avec une autre paire de points de liaison (148), où des points d'alimentation (53, 153) prévus dans les deux conduites d'oscillateurs à déphasage (47, 147) ainsi formées sont alimentés avec un déphasage de 180 °.
  10. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que, dans l'évidement (13), un couplage capacitif est réalisé entre la conduite de l'oscillateur à déphasage (47) et les conduites couplées (47a, 47b), qui s'étend parallèlement aux conduites couplées (47', 47") de la conduite de l'oscillateur à déphasage (47).
  11. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le substrat (3) présente, en vue plongeante, une forme carrée avec une surface rayonnante (11) de forme quadratique annulaire et/ou en forme de cadre, ou une forme cylindrique avec une surface rayonnante (11) en forme d'anneau au dessus, ou selon le genre d'un contour externe formé par un polygone n régulier avec une surface rayonnante (11) formée de manière correspondante.
  12. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces latérales, respectivement, les parois latérales (3c), s'étendent verticalement par rapport à la surface rayonnante (11) et/ou verticalement par rapport à la face supérieure (3a) et/ou à la face inférieure (3b) du substrat (3) et/ou parallèlement par rapport à l'axe central (7) de l'antenne patch.
  13. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces latérales, respectivement, les parois latérales (3c), s'étendent en faisant des angles par rapport à la surface rayonnante (11) et/ou verticalement par rapport à la face supérieure (3a) et/ou à la face inférieure (3b) du substrat (3) et/ou parallèlement par rapport à l'axe central (7) de l'antenne patch, où l'angle (α) formé entre la face inférieure (3b) du substrat (3) et le plan passant verticalement par rapport à l'axe central (7) et un plan de coupe s'étendant verticalement par rapport à celui-ci, est supérieur à 10 °, notamment supérieur à 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 ° et tout particulièrement supérieur à 80 °, et que cet angle (α) est inférieur à 170 °, notamment inférieur à 160 °, 150 °, 140 °,130 °, 120 °, 110 ° et tout particulièrement inférieur à 100 °.
  14. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne patch est conçue comme une antenne patch circulaire polarisée.
  15. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) sont prévues ou conçues immédiatement à la surface des parois latérales, respectivement des surfaces latérales (3c) du substrat (3), notamment sous forme d'une surface métallisée, de préférence ensemble avec une surface métallisée formée sur la face supérieure (3a) du substrat (3), par lesquelles la surface rayonnante (11) est formée.
  16. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) sont disposées avec un espace latéral (A) par rapport aux parois latérales ou aux surfaces latérales (3c) du substrat (3) et s'étendent de préférence verticalement, ou en faisant des angles, par rapport à la surface rayonnante (11).
  17. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14 ou 16, caractérisée en ce que la structure rayonnante à surfaces latérales (18), et notamment la structure rayonnante totale (25), avec la surface rayonnante (11) et la structure rayonnante à surfaces latérales (18), et de préférence la conduite de l'oscillateur à déphasage (47), et de préférence avec la conduite d'alimentation (42), est constituée d'une tôle métallique capable d'être conductrice électriquement, dans laquelle les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) et/ou la conduite d'alimentation (42) sont structurées avec des angles par pliage ou par des arêtes par rapport à la surface rayonnante (11), respectivement, à la conduite d'oscillateur à déphasage (47).
  18. Antenne patch selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) présentent plusieurs angles.
  19. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisée en ce qu'un espace vide (103) est formé dans le substrat, qui est accessible par au moins un côté, par lequel le substrat (3) est conçu sous la forme d'un box.
  20. Antenne patch selon la revendication 19, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un autre élément de composition électrique ou composant (109) est logé dans l'espace vide (103) dans le substrat (3), de préférence, ensemble avec une platine de conducteur (107) positionnée là-bas.
  21. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface de matière (17) est prévue sur la face inférieure (3b) ou en dessous de la face inférieure (3b) du substrat (3), et qu'un premier élément rayonnant patch (A) est formé par la surface rayonnante (11), la structure rayonnante à surfaces latérales (18) et la structure d'alimentation (15), et qu'une deuxième antenne patch (B), avec une deuxième surface rayonnante (211), est prévue en dessous de la surface rayonnante (11) du premier élément rayonnant patch (A) et au dessus de la surface de matière (17).
  22. Antenne patch selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que la surface rayonnante (211) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) est conçue sous la forme d'une surface rayonnante (211) en forme d'anneau et/ou de cadre qui s'étend autour d'un domaine évidé (213).
  23. Antenne patch selon la revendication 22, caractérisée en ce qu'à l'intérieur de l'évidement (213) de la deuxième antenne patch (B), une structure d'alimentation (215) pour la deuxième antenne patch (B) est prévue, qui comprend un ensemble oscillateur de déphasage ou en est constituée, qui est reliée avec la surface rayonnante (211) en deux points de liaison (248) sous l'effet d'un déphasage, où la structure d'alimentation (215) est reliée de manière galvanique ou capacitive avec la surface rayonnante (211) sous la forme d'un ensemble oscillateur de déphasage.
  24. Antenne patch selon la revendication 23, caractérisée en ce que la structure d'alimentation (215) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) comprend deux conduites d'oscillateur à déphasage (247', 247") avec l'ensemble oscillateur à déphasage, où une conduite d'alimentation (242) correspondante se termine à leur point de liaison.
  25. Antenne patch selon la revendication 22, caractérisée en ce que la surface rayonnante (211) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) est agencée sur un diélectrique sous forme d'un corps de volume, lequel est de préférence constitué de céramique, et que la deuxième antenne patch (B) est entourée avec le diélectrique d'une installation support (300), qui est de préférence constituée de matière plastique, par laquelle la surface rayonnante (11) de la première antenne patch (A) est tenue.
  26. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 22 à 25, caractérisée en ce qu'une surface de matière (17) est prévue sur la face inférieure (3b) ou en dessous de la face inférieure (3b) du substrat (3), et que la surface rayonnante (211) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) comprend une structure d'élément rayonnant à faces latérales (218), orientée perpendiculairement, qui est recouverte au moins sur une hauteur partielle de la structure d'élément à faces latérales (18) de la première antenne patch (A), où les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) de la première antenne patch (A) se terminent entre la surface rayonnante (211) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) et la surface de matière (17).
  27. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 22 à 26, caractérisée en ce que les première et la deuxième antennes patch (A, B) sont montées sur une structure support (10), et/ou sur une installation support (300), constituée d'un diélectrique, qui comprend une rainure circonférentielle interne ou un espace de logement (321) interne circonférentiel dans lequel les parties d'élément rayonnant latérales (219) de la deuxième antenne patch (B), et/ou un espace de logement circonférentiel externe en forme de rainure (301') sur la structure support (10), ou sur l'installation support (300), dans lequel les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) de la première antenne patch (A) se terminent et sont de préférence imbriquées avec la structure support (10), ou l'installation support (300).
  28. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisée en ce que la surface rayonnante (211) est conçue totalement plane et/ou exempte de cavité.
  29. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 21 à 24, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième antenne patch (B) est conçue simplement plane.
  30. Antenne patch selon la revendication 29, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième antenne patch (B) présente des évidements (401) et le diélectrique (3) présente des surélévations (303) en forme de piédestaux dépassant vers le haut sur la face supérieure (3a) du diélectrique (3), qui traversent en dépassant les évidements (401) de la deuxième antenne patch (B) plane, de sorte que la deuxième antenne patch (B) repose de préférence sur la surface (3a) du diélectrique (3) et que la première antenne patch (A) repose avec sa surface rayonnante (11) sur la face supérieure (303') des surélévations (303) en forme de piédestaux.
  31. Antenne patch selon l'une des revendications 1 à 30, caractérisée en ce que les parties de surface rayonnante latérales (19) de l'antenne patch (A) sont agencées en s'étendant de manière divergente en direction de la surface de matière (17) à partir de leur surface rayonnante (11), ce qui résulte, de préférence, en une structure en forme de pyramide tronquée.
EP12778953.5A 2011-11-04 2012-10-04 Élément rayonnant "patch" Not-in-force EP2721690B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011117690A DE102011117690B3 (de) 2011-11-04 2011-11-04 Patch-Strahler
DE201210016627 DE102012016627A1 (de) 2012-08-22 2012-08-22 Patch-Strahler
PCT/EP2012/004161 WO2013064204A1 (fr) 2011-11-04 2012-10-04 Élément rayonnant "patch"

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EP2721690A1 EP2721690A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP2721690B1 true EP2721690B1 (fr) 2015-12-30

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EP (1) EP2721690B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6100272B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140089578A (fr)
CN (1) CN103959557B (fr)
RU (1) RU2587105C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013064204A1 (fr)

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KR20140089578A (ko) 2014-07-15
RU2587105C2 (ru) 2016-06-10
JP6100272B2 (ja) 2017-03-22
CN103959557B (zh) 2016-12-14
JP2014534761A (ja) 2014-12-18
RU2014122548A (ru) 2015-12-10
CN103959557A (zh) 2014-07-30
EP2721690A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
WO2013064204A1 (fr) 2013-05-10
US20140285382A1 (en) 2014-09-25

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