EP3025394B1 - Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande - Google Patents

Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3025394B1
EP3025394B1 EP14736620.7A EP14736620A EP3025394B1 EP 3025394 B1 EP3025394 B1 EP 3025394B1 EP 14736620 A EP14736620 A EP 14736620A EP 3025394 B1 EP3025394 B1 EP 3025394B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
antenna according
reflector
supply
slot
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP14736620.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3025394A1 (fr
Inventor
Claudia Daurer
Manfred Stolle
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Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
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Publication of EP3025394A1 publication Critical patent/EP3025394A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband omnidirectional antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Omnidirectional antennas are used, for example, as indoor antennas. They are multiband capable and can radiate in a vertical and / or horizontal polarization orientation. In general, they are arranged in front of a ground or ground surface, which may be designed, for example, disk-shaped. The entire antenna arrangement is further below a protective housing, i. an antenna cover (radome) arranged.
  • a protective housing i. an antenna cover (radome) arranged.
  • the known monopole radiator rises vertically above a base plate or counterweight surface, from which it is galvanically isolated.
  • the vertically polarized monopole radiator thus, at least approximately comprises a conical or frusto-conical radiator portion (which with a diverging extension of the base plate or counterweight surface facing away) and / or a cylindrical or cup-shaped radiator portion.
  • the counterweight surface is adjoined first by the conical or frustoconical radiator section facing away from the counterweight surface with its divergent extension, which then merges into a tubular radiator section.
  • An omnidirectional indoor antenna comparable in this respect is known, for example, from US Pat EP 2 490 296 A1 known.
  • it comprises a monopole radiator arrangement comparable to the prior art described above.
  • the EP 2 490 296 A1 no disc-shaped reflector, but a conical reflector assembly also tapering towards monopole radiator used.
  • a broadband, dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna arrangement is also known from US Pat WO 2012/101633 A1 to be known as known. It can be mounted, for example, on a ceiling underside in a room.
  • a dipole arrangement offset by 90 ° relative to each other is provided, which results in a square structure in plan view. Centered within this, each at 90 ° on the sides of a square, rising in front of a reflector dipole radiator is still an electrically conductive, aligned vertically to the reflector plane and in contrast uplifting monopoly provided as a vertically polarized radiator, which also again, as in the aforementioned prior art, a reflector remote cylindrical portion and the reflector closer and in the direction Reflector tapered conical section comprises.
  • a generic omnidirectional and thereby dual polarized antenna arrangement is finally in the DE 10 2010 011 867 B4 shown and described.
  • This generic broadband omnidirectional and thereby dual polarized antenna has in addition to a monopole radiator, which is vertically polarized, still a dual polarized radiator arrangement.
  • the monopole is designed as a cylindrical radiator arrangement, in the cylinder jacket in the circumferential direction offset lying each vertically extending slots are formed.
  • the slots are excited in a preferred embodiment by means of Vivaldi antennas.
  • the Vivaldi antennas thus serve both as a stand-alone horizontally polarized radiator element and as a feed device for the vertical slots, which causes an increase in the bandwidth.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a further improved omnidirectional and dual-polarized antenna on the basis of the aforementioned generic state of the art.
  • the present invention again achieves a significant improvement over the conventional omnidirectional antennas.
  • the omnidirectional antenna according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it is once again very much more broadband with a total of the required installation space.
  • the vertically polarized radiator can be easily used in a frequency range of 790 MHz to 960 MHz and from 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz.
  • the horizontally polarized radiator device can be operated for example in a frequency range of 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz. But even these values are only exemplary, since the antenna according to the invention is not limited to these frequency ranges.
  • the present omnidirectional antenna is further distinguished by the fact that in front of a reflector plane, for example a disk-shaped flat reflector plane at a distance therefrom, at least two Vivaldi antennas offset in the circumferential direction about a central axis are arranged. Above the level of these Vivaldi antennas then the monopole-shaped and vertically polarized radiator is positioned.
  • the antenna according to the invention for horizontally polarized radiators at least three or at least four in the circumferential direction of the central axis to each other lying Vivaldi antennas.
  • Vivaldi antennas are also known as tapered-slot antennas (TSA), which are fed via a slot line.
  • TSA tapered-slot antennas
  • the actual antenna is in this case a two-dimensional exponential horn, in which the slot-shaped structure running away from the feed point to the outside expands horn-like.
  • the Vivaldi antennas according to the invention have the peculiarity that the slot which merges into the exponential horn, not only extends in a plane parallel to the reflector, but the remaining, electrically conductive and the slot and the exponential horn delimiting surfaces arcuate or gradations (kinks ) in the direction of the reflector.
  • the monopole radiator may have any suitable shapes. Preferably, it is designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. In this case, it is preferably not only cylindrical, but at least slightly conical, so that its lateral surface is designed diverging from the side facing the reflector or the Vivaldi antennas toward its open side.
  • the shape of the monopole, the shape of the Vivaldi radiators and the distance from the reflector influence the radiation characteristics of the V and H pole radiators.
  • Dual polarized antennas are mainly used for MIMO applications, which usually require the highest possible level of coverage in the far field. By a suitable choice of o.g. Parameter can be improved in this antenna, the congruence in the vertical diagrams.
  • the most important advantages of the solution according to the invention are the reduction of the antenna arrangement, in the interaction and the double use of the radiator elements and in the special form of the horizontally polarized radiator.
  • the bandwidth of the vertically polarized radiator can also be increased by extending the counterweight surface to the reflector.
  • FIG. 1 is the omnidirectional dual polarized antenna reproduced, with a reflector 1, which is flat in the embodiment shown and has a disk-shaped, ie circular structure in plan view.
  • a reflector plane 1 ' is defined.
  • Vivaldi antennas 5 are provided in the embodiment shown, around a perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'extending central axis Z (in FIG. 4 and 5 ) are arranged at equidistant intervals from each other.
  • the four Vivaldi antennas 5 used are each arranged offset by 90 ° about the central axis Z around.
  • the central axis Z is in the embodiment shown centrally and centrally to the reflector 1 and / or centrally and centrally positioned to the four Vivaldi antennas 5 and thereby aligned at right angles to the reflector plane 1 'extending.
  • the Vivaldi antennas 5 are at a distance A ( FIG. 9 ) arranged in parallel alignment with the reflector plane 1 '.
  • the monopole radiator 11 is arranged in the illustrated embodiment, which is hereinafter also partially referred to as monopole or radiator monopole 11. It is rotationally symmetrical to a perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'sitting axis formed and positioned. This axis is also referred to below as a vertical axis V, which in the embodiment shown is also again perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 '. As will be seen below, the vertical axis V and the central axis Z are arranged parallel to each other but with slight lateral offset.
  • the monopole emitter - although it may be cylindrical or hollow cylindrical shape - in the embodiment shown conically or by type a truncated cone formed.
  • the radiator sheath 13 is formed from its side facing the Vivaldi antennas mounting side or bottom portion 14 to the reflector remote from the open end 13a towards preferably flared.
  • FIG. 3a is already in FIG. 2 shown monopole emitter 11 again shown separately in its axial section. It can be seen that the monopole emitter 11 is closed at its lower, the Vivaldi antennas 5 facing the end, by a flat bottom 12. The outer contour of the emitter monopoly 11 is in its bottom portion 14 even more towards Vivaldi antennas tapered, ie in the manner of a cone.
  • This monopole emitter 11 can be held by means of a holding device 15, which can consist, for example, of a cylinder 15 'which, for example, is adapted in the cylinder interior to the outer contour or the jacket 15 "of the monopole 11 in its bottom region 14, with which the monopoly Emitter 11 is immersed in the holding device 15.
  • This holding device 15 is preferably electrically nonconductive, ie it consists of a dielectric material
  • the mentioned cylinder 15 ' is furthermore positioned and held (at least indirectly) on the Vivaldi antennas.
  • the monopole emitter 11 may also have other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the lower floor area 14 designed flat, not only on its inside, but also on its outer Bottom, so that there is an upwardly to the opening extended cup shape.
  • Figure 3c shows a further modification of a monopole emitter 11 in side view. It can be seen that its radiator jacket 13 may have multiple bends at different heights, so that the conical or conical shape can be formed from the bottom 14 of the monopole 11 to the opposite, in the illustrated embodiment open top 23a with diverging wall sections at different angles ,
  • FIG. 4 Based on FIG. 4 is the top of the Vivaldi antennas and based on FIG. 5a the bottom of the Vivaldi antennas reproduced.
  • FIG. 5b shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 5a .
  • Vivaldi antennas are called tapered-slot antennas (TSA), in other words so-called expanded slot antennas. These are broadband antennas. Often they are realized on a double-sided metallized substrate.
  • the power of the Vivaldi antennas is realized by means of microstrip lines.
  • a dielectric or substrate 23 is designed plate-shaped in the form of a printed circuit board 9.
  • this substrate 23, dielectric 23 or this printed circuit board 9 in the illustrated embodiment a square shape and generally a regular n-polygonal shape, where n is a natural number> 2. It is a regular n-polygonal.
  • an equilateral triangle would therefore be offered, in which the individual Vivaldi antennas are each offset by 120 ° from one another. With four Vivaldi antennas results in the square shape, etc.
  • the substrate may be made of any suitable materials. It is possible that the substrate is formed for example of a plastic body. In this case, the substrate itself may be more or less strong, ie inflexible or substantially non-flexible or deformable. But it is also possible that the substrate is formed of a flexible material, so that in total can be spoken of a flexible substrate. The conductive layers are then on this flexible substrate or in the form of coatings on said plastic body, when it forms the substrate.
  • this central and / or dining surface 123 the mentioned Vivaldi antennas 5 are provided and formed.
  • FIGS. 4 . 5a and 5b are on this plate-shaped substrate 23 in a 90 ° distance in the circumferential direction offset from each other four Vivaldi antennas 5 are formed.
  • the Vivaldi or Vivaldi-like antenna devices 5, ie generally the "tapered slot” antennas 5 in the embodiment shown include the mentioned substrate or substrate 23 (dielectric 23), in which, for example, on the side facing away from the counterweight or reflector surface 1 top 23a , So on the side of the substrate 23 on which the monopole emitter 11 is disposed, a conductive layer 27 is formed, which offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction offset from one another radially slotted or groove-shaped recesses 29 (see FIG. 4 ).
  • Each of the slot-shaped recesses 29 begins with a circular recess 33 usually adjacent to the vicinity of the center Z of the substrate 23, wherein of the four circular, also offset in the circumferential direction at 90 ° recesses 33 each outwardly funnel-shaped widening slot-shaped structure 29th goes out in the area of the substrate 23 is freed from a conductive layer.
  • this circular clearance 33 the slot line 29 'formed by the slot-shaped recess 29 is completed in a broadband manner, this circular clearance 33 preferably being long by a quarter wavelength (based on an average operating wavelength).
  • the slot-shaped recesses 29, which widen outwards in the shape of a funnel, extend in the radial direction, ie they are preferably symmetrical to a radial vector passing through the center Z (through which the central axis Z extends).
  • the edges 29 "of the slot-shaped recess (structure) 29 delimiting the slot lines 29 ' can be designed differently for adapting the broadbandness of the antenna.
  • These slot lines 29' are preferably configured widening in the shape of a funnel toward the outside, the curve of the slots delimiting the slot lines 29 ' Margins 29 "can follow an exponential function.
  • each slot line 29 'via a respective slot feed line 35, the sitting of a feed point 37 (branch 37) in the center Z of the substrate 23, which extends from the central and symmetry axis Z is penetrated.
  • two slot feed lines 35a in opposite directions initially with a radial line section 35a, to which in the embodiment shown in each case two perpendicular and oppositely extending second line sections 35b at another branch point 35 "connect, then
  • a third, again rectangular angled, line section 35c which intersects the respective slot line 29 'transversely and preferably perpendicularly, and other, for example arcuate courses of the feed lines 35. It is decisive that they start from a feed point and cross the slot line 29 ,
  • the strip lines 35 on the substrate 23 are terminated with a corresponding surface element 35d, which may be triangular or circular sector-shaped or similar ( FIG. 5b ).
  • the respective multiple angled portions of the feed slot lines 35 can be made to run in the same direction in the circumferential direction, so that a next slot line section 35b and so on adjoin each radial line section 35a in the circumferential direction continuously in the same direction, whereas in the exemplary embodiment shown two points are opposite from the intersection point 35 extend running feed line sections, which then each again at a subsequent branch point 35 "in each case continue to branch line sections that cross the slot lines for feeding.
  • the mentioned slot feeders 35 are on the lower side 23b of the substrate 23, that is, the reflector 1 facing lying formed, wherein formed on the opposite upper side 23a of the substrate 23 slot lines 29 'in FIG. 5a and 5b are shown in dashed lines.
  • the peculiarity in the exemplary embodiment shown consists in the fact that the slot-shaped structure 29, which widened in a funnel shape from the inside to the outside, is not continuous in one plane, corresponding to the substrate plane 23 ', to one end, but rather that the conductive layer 27, which also can be formed as a sheet 127, on the boundary edges 23 "(longitudinal and transverse sides) of the printed circuit board 9, that is extended beyond the substrate 23 and now, as from FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 can be seen as an example, may extend over arcuate and / or over kinks 43 optionally with different inclination angle in the direction of reflector 1.
  • the slot width ie the width of the funnel-shaped widening slot line 29 'also in the transition region where the conductive layer 27 or the electrically conductive sheet 127, the circuit board plane 9' leaves maintained.
  • the slots are also steadily and continuously wider and the slot width is not extended discontinuously by forming corners or gradations.
  • the exponential form from the plane is "projected" onto the sheet, so to speak. In the plan view of the antenna is a steady exponential curve to see.
  • the formation may also be such that the conductive layer or surface 27 is formed on the substrate 23 at the latest at the transition into the outwardly extending extension 27a, for example in the form of a sheet metal extension 127a.
  • the conductive layer 27 may be formed in the region of the substrate as a conductive layer on the substrate, and then on leaving the substrate 23 into a sufficient rigidity and load-bearing metal sheet 127 in the manner of a sheet metal extension 127a passes.
  • a supporting structure may also be provided, for example using a dielectric, on which the electrically conductive layer 27 extends beyond the central and / or feeding surface 123, ie beyond the central or dining area 123 electrically conductive layer is formed.
  • the slot-shaped recesses 29 and thus the slot lines 29 'after leaving the substrate 23 become increasingly faster wider.
  • the conductive surface or conductive layer 27, which may be formed as mentioned in the form of a conductive sheet 127, down, that is inclined in the direction of reflector 1, the propagating through the slots 29 electromagnetic waves at the end of Slot (at the level of the substrate 23) (at the latest) begin to detach from the conductive surface 27, 127.
  • the electromagnetic waves dissipate before they Reach the metal. The location at which they detach is frequency-dependent and depends on the slot width of the location in question.
  • Vivaldi antenna is a tapered-slot antenna with a coplanar structure in which on a dielectric 23 on both sides of an electrically conductive structure is applied, whereby a radiation the electromagnetic waves is generated in a direction parallel to the plane of the dielectric.
  • the electromagnetic waves propagate in the respective slot-shaped structures 29 in the substrate plane 23 '(which is also referred to as the feed plane 123'), these electromagnetic waves then detaching from the conductive surfaces 27, 127 and must replace, since the slot-shaped structures 29 delimiting electrically conductive surfaces 27 led out of the substrate or feed plane 23 ', 123' and aligned in the direction of reflector 1 aligned or carried away.
  • the conductive layer or the conductive sheet can be mechanically connected at the end directly to the reflector, optionally even connected there galvanically.
  • This also has the further advantage that the counterweight surface of the monopole 11 thereby increases.
  • the monopole emitter 11 thus experiences a larger bandwidth. On the other hand, this simplifies the installation of Vivaldi spotlights.
  • the monopole emitter 11 can accordingly shaped, ie be shaped differently. Due to the sloping flanks of the conductive surface 27, it is advisable that the monopole radiator 11 correspondingly widens conically from its underlying feed and anchoring point to its open end 13a remote from the reflector, so that the lateral surfaces 13 in the direction of extension are more perpendicular to the inclined plane 27 'of the conductive layer 27 are aligned outside the substrate 9 or deviate less from a vertical. This shaping is therefore desirable and preferred in order to achieve the highest possible congruence of the radiation patterns of the V and H pole emitters.
  • the feed 45 for the monopole radiator 11 comprises a coaxial cable 45a, which passes through a bore 1a in the reflector 1 (FIG. FIG. 7 ) extends from the rear of the reflector 1, wherein the bore 1a can be arranged in the axial extension of the vertical axis V, which represents the axis of rotation of the monopole radiator.
  • the coaxial line 45a extends through the bore 1a in the reflector 1 and, for example, a subsequent, perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'distance and then passes through another hole 9a in the printed circuit board 9 / substrate 23 and in the conductive layer 27.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected there at the feed point 11a with the electrically conductive monopole radiator 11, usually soldered.
  • the monopole radiator 11 consist of electrically conductive material or of a dielectric material, which is then coated with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 45a is connected to the ground surface of the board of the Vivaldi radiator, ie with the conductive layer 27 and with the electrically conductive sheet 127th
  • the feed 47 for the Vivaldi radiators takes place here only by way of example by means of a coaxial line 47a, which leads from a second bore 1b from the back of the reflector 1, said second bore 1b is offset to the central axis Z, ie offset to the center of the disc-shaped reflector assembly, ie at least slightly offset, as out FIG. 7 to see is.
  • the coaxial cable is continued in a vertical extension to the reflector plane 1 'in the direction of the substrate 23, where the coaxial cable 47a passes through the substrate 23 and the layer 27 in a second bore 23b (see FIG FIG. 7 ) to then be returned above the conductive layer 27 via an arcuate feedback 47b in the direction of the substrate 23.
  • the cable should be routed as close as possible to the conductive layer in order not to influence the radiation characteristics of V-pol emitters. Since the slot feed line 35 below the printed circuit board / substrate (ie the reflector 1 facing) is provided, ie below the ground plane forming conductive layer 27 to avoid interference by the conical monopole emitter 11, the coaxial feed cable 47a Its connection end from above through a bore 27b in the electrically conductive layer 27 and in the electrically conductive sheet 127 and a coaxial bore 27c in the printed circuit board, ie the substrate passed, ie the inner conductor is performed here to the inner conductor to the Branching point 37 of the Vivaldi antennas 5 to solder from above, thus representing the feed point.
  • the outer conductor is in turn connected to the ground surface, ie the conductive layer 27 (plate 127) galvanically connected, usually soldered. Since the cable routing underneath the Vivaldi emitters has hardly any influence on the antenna characteristic, since this area is virtually field-free, this simplified connection situation does not lead to a disadvantageous change in the radiation characteristic of the omnidirectional, dual-polarized antenna.
  • the feed line 45 or the coaxial cable 45a for the monopole 11 as well as for the feed line 47 with the coaxial cable 47a for the Vivaldi antennas 5 can also be done in a different way than described.
  • Vivaldi antennas 5 are formed from a metal sheet 127, ie without the mentioned in the previous embodiments substrate or dielectric 23.
  • All Vivaldi antennas 5 a corresponding antenna arrangement may consist of a common metal sheet 127, from the punched out the overall arrangement and brought by edges and / or bending (generally deforming) in the desired shape.
  • the layer 27 described on the basis of the preceding exemplary embodiments (formed on the upper side 23a of the substrate 23 in the other exemplary embodiments) is therefore also part of the metal sheet 127 in the variant according to FIG FIG. 9 ,
  • the reproduced monopole 11 and the associated feed or coaxial line 45 is and can also in this embodiment FIG. 9 be designed as this has been explained with reference to the preceding embodiments.
  • the power of the Vivaldi antennas can not be done via micro-lines, but by means of coaxial cable 147, for example, in the field-free space between the metal plate 127 of the Vivaldi antennas 5 and the reflector 1 run and can be merged, ie in that the coaxial cables 147 in particular in the field-free space between the reflector 1 and the central and / or dining surface 123 extend, which also consists of a metal sheet 127 in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 thus, a common feed opening or supply 109 is provided at a corresponding aperture in the reflector 1 through which a corresponding number of coaxial cables 147 are passed, wherein the outer conductor 147a in the feed plane 123 'with the Vivaldi antennas (galvanic ), and the inner conductors 147b (similar to the previous embodiments) lead to the feeders 35 or serve as feeders 35 and are formed accordingly, and the recesses 29 in the form of the slot lines 29 'for feeding into the associated Vivaldi antennas 5 cross, preferably perpendicular cross and thereby parallel to the feed plane 123 'extend. Therefore, four coaxial cables 147 are provided in the embodiment shown when using four Vivaldi antennas.
  • FIG. 10 Referenced, which corresponds to a representation FIG. 2 reproduces.
  • the feed of the Vivaldi antennas 5, ie the Vivaldi emitter can also be done in other ways than by microstrip lines.
  • they are interconnected in the region of the bushing 109 or even below the reflector 1. This makes it possible that the Vivaldi spotlights are completely formed from sheet metal.
  • a circuit board is not absolutely necessary here.
  • the Vivaldi radiators are then completely formed from a metal sheet, that is to say a metal sheet 127, a so-called substrate plane 23 'is no longer provided since the substrate 23 itself is omitted. Therefore, the plane referred to as the substrate plane 23 'in the previous embodiments is also referred to as the feed plane 123'.
  • the substrate 23 or the electrically conductive surface 27 located thereon is arranged at a distance A from the reflector surface 1 ', this distance A being for example between 30 mm and 60 mm, in particular between 35 mm and 55 mm mm or between 40 mm and 50 mm. Values around 45 mm appear suitable.
  • the total height G of the entire dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna may be greater than 50 mm, in particular greater than 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95 mm, 100 mm.
  • the antenna according to the invention can be constructed very compact and in particular have a total height G which is smaller than 120 mm, in particular smaller than 115 mm, 110 mm, 105 mm, 100 mm, 95 mm, 90 mm.
  • the actual height M of the monopole emitter 11 above the electrically conductive layer 27, 127 and thus above the substrate 23 may, for example, vary between 20 mm to 60 mm, in particular greater than 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm. However, this height is preferably less than 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm or 40 mm, for example.
  • the opening width W of the monopole radiator 11 may be, for example, less than 60 mm, in particular less than 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm, 40 mm and in particular 35 mm. Values greater than 20 mm, in particular 25 mm, 30 mm or 35 mm prove to be favorable.
  • the opening width W can be between 75% and 125% of the width W1 in the bottom region 12, 14, in particular between 80% and 120%, 85% and 115% or 90% and 110% or 95% and 105%, in particular be about twice as large as the width W1 in the ground area.
  • a circular reflector 1 whose outer dimension RD is greater than 200 mm, in particular greater than 210 mm, 220 mm, 230 mm or 240 mm.
  • a compact antenna can be realized within the scope of the invention whose diameter dimension of the reflector 1 is less than 350 mm, in particular less than 330 mm, 310 mm, 300 mm, 290 mm, 280 mm, 270 mm and in particular less than 260 mm is. Values around 250 mm are possible.

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Claims (25)

  1. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande avec les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - avec une antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) qui est polarisée verticalement,
    - avec au moins deux antennes rayonnantes polarisées horizontalement et situées de manière décalée l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe central (Z) dans la direction périphérique,
    - avec un réflecteur (1) devant lequel les au moins deux antennes rayonnantes polarisées horizontalement et l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) sont disposées à la distance (A),
    caractérisée par les autres caractéristiques suivantes :
    - les au moins deux antennes rayonnantes polarisées horizontalement comprennent chacune une antenne Vivaldi (5),
    - les antennes Vivaldi (5) présentent une face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) qui forme un plan d'alimentation (123') dans lequel une couche électriquement conductrice (27, 127) est réalisée ou prévue avec des lignes fendues (29') s'élargissant dans le sens de rayonnement,
    - le plan d'alimentation (123') est disposé à une distance (A) du réflecteur (1), et
    - la couche électriquement conductrice (27, 127) est guidée hors du plan d'alimentation (123') au moins avec un composant en direction du réflecteur (1) en formant au moins un prolongement (27a, 127a) en forme d'arc et/ou plié.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche électriquement conductrice (27) est réalisée sur un substrat (23), de préférence sur le côté supérieur (23a) du substrat (23) situé de manière tournée vers le monopôle (11).
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les prolongements (27a, 127a) guidés au-delà de la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) et ainsi du plan d'alimentation (123') sont formés sous forme d'une tôle métallique (127).
  4. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les antennes Vivaldi (5) dans la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) ainsi que les prolongements (127a) dépassant au-delà de celle-ci sont formés dans l'ensemble d'une tôle métallique (127) ou comprennent une tôle métallique (127).
  5. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la couche électriquement conductrice (27, 127) délimitant les lignes fendues (29') ainsi que les prolongements partant de celle-ci (27a, 127a) conduisent jusqu'au réflecteur (1) et sont de préférence reliés au réflecteur (1) de manière mécaniquement solide et par un procédé électrique-galvanique, de préférence soudés à celui-ci.
  6. Antenne selon une des revendications 2, 3 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) est réalisée avec la couche électriquement conductrice (27, 127) réalisée dans cette région sur le côté supérieur (23a) du substrat (23).
  7. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) présente en vue de dessus verticale une forme n-polygonale régulière, dans laquelle n est un nombre >2 et n correspond ce faisant au nombre d'antennes Vivaldi (5).
  8. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est disposée et/ou maintenue directement ou au moins indirectement sur la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) qui est formée de la couche électriquement conductrice (27) sur le côté supérieur du substrat (23) ou d'une tôle métallique (127).
  9. Antenne selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est disposée au moyen d'un dispositif de maintien (15) électriquement non conducteur et/ou diélectrique au moins indirectement sur la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123).
  10. Antenne selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est réalisée à symétrie de rotation.
  11. Antenne selon une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est élargie de manière conique en s'éloignant du réflecteur (1) ou du substrat (23) ou présente des sections élargies de manière conique.
  12. Antenne selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) comprend de son côté de montage situé de manière tournée vers le substrat (23) à son extrémité libre (13a) des sections coniques successives, réalisées avec un angle d'inclinaison différent.
  13. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) comprend une enveloppe d'antenne rayonnante (13) et est réalisée de manière creuse dans la région interne de l'enveloppe d'antenne rayonnante (13) depuis son côté opposé au côté de montage.
  14. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la structure fendue (29) des antennes Vivaldi (5) est réalisée sur le côté du substrat (23) situé de manière tournée vers l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11).
  15. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que les lignes d'alimentation fendues (35, 35a, 35b, 35c) sont réalisées sur le côté du substrat (23) situé de manière tournée vers le réflecteur (1).
  16. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisée en ce que les lignes fendues (29') partent chacune d'un espace libre de préférence circulaire (33).
  17. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisée en ce que les lignes fendues s'élargissant (29') des antennes Vivaldi (5) commencent dans la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) et sont guidées de manière aérienne après avoir quitté cette face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123) et notamment après avoir quitté le substrat (23).
  18. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisée en ce que les antennes Vivaldi (5) sont disposées de manière décalée les unes par rapport aux autres à écarts identiques autour d'un axe central (Z) traversant de manière centrale le substrat (23) dans la direction périphérique, et que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est disposée de manière excentrée avec son axe vertical (V) parallèle à l'axe central (Z) de manière décalée par rapport à celui-ci.
  19. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) est alimentée par le biais d'une ligne d'alimentation coaxiale (47, 47a) dont le conducteur interne est relié au côté inférieur de l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11) et dont le conducteur externe est relié à des faces électriquement conductrices (27) sur le substrat (23) par un procédé électrique-galvanique.
  20. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisée en ce qu'une ligne d'alimentation coaxiale (47, 47a) pour les antennes Vivaldi (5) est guidée par le biais d'un alésage excentré dans le substrat (23) sur le côté supérieur du substrat (23) et par le biais d'un retour en forme d'arc (47b) et d'un autre alésage (27b, 27c) dans la carte de circuits imprimés, ligne dont le conducteur interne est relié aux lignes d'alimentation fendues (35) sur le côté inférieur du substrat (23) et le conducteur externe est relié à la couche électriquement conductrice (27) sur le côté supérieur du substrat (23) par un procédé électrique-galvanique.
  21. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisée en ce que des lignes d'alimentation coaxiales (147) sont prévues pour les antennes Vivaldi (5), lesquelles sont guidées de manière aérienne dans la région entre le réflecteur (1) et la face de région centrale et/ou de région d'alimentation (123), dans laquelle les conducteurs internes associés (147b) de ces câbles coaxiaux (147) sont reliés ou couplés électriquement à la ligne d'alimentation fendue respective (35) d'une antenne Vivaldi associée (5) ou forment la ligne d'alimentation fendue associée (35).
  22. Antenne selon la revendication 21, caractérisée en ce que les câbles coaxiaux (147) servant à l'alimentation des antennes Vivaldi (5) sont réunis ou interconnectés sur le côté du réflecteur (1) situé de manière détournée de l'antenne rayonnante monopolaire (11).
  23. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisée en ce que les bords (29") délimitant les lignes fendues (29') des antennes Vivaldi (5) forment en cas de vue de dessus sur l'antenne une courbe constante, de préférence exponentielle dans la région dans laquelle la couche électriquement conductrice (27, 127) quitte la face centrale et/ou d'alimentation (123), notamment sous forme du côté supérieur (123a) du substrat (23), et se transforme en les prolongements (27a, 127a).
  24. Antenne selon une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisée en ce que les prolongements (27a, 127a) sont guidés hors du plan d'alimentation (123') au moins par section et notamment à plus de 75 % de leur longueur dans une région angulaire de plus de 10°, notamment plus de 20°, 30° ou 40° et notamment dans une région angulaire de moins de 80°, 70°, 60° ou moins de 50°, notamment de 45° en direction du réflecteur (1).
  25. Antenne selon la revendication 24, caractérisée en ce que la couche conductrice (27) se trouve sur un substrat flexible (23) et/ou la couche conductrice (27) est réalisée comme revêtement sur un substrat qui se compose d'un corps en matière synthétique ou comprend celui-ci.
EP14736620.7A 2013-07-24 2014-06-26 Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande Active EP3025394B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013012308.9A DE102013012308A1 (de) 2013-07-24 2013-07-24 Breitbandige omnidirektionale Antenne
PCT/EP2014/001733 WO2015010761A1 (fr) 2013-07-24 2014-06-26 Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande

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EP3025394A1 EP3025394A1 (fr) 2016-06-01
EP3025394B1 true EP3025394B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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EP14736620.7A Active EP3025394B1 (fr) 2013-07-24 2014-06-26 Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande

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US (1) US9748666B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3025394B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105393406B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013012308A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015010761A1 (fr)

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US10042095B2 (en) * 2015-07-30 2018-08-07 Raytheon Company Dual mode optical and RF reflector
DE102016114093B4 (de) * 2016-07-29 2020-01-16 Huber + Suhner Ag Breitbandige omnidirektionale Antenne, insbesondere für Schienenfahrzeuge und ein solches Schienenfahrzeug
CN110622351B (zh) * 2017-05-04 2021-04-20 华为技术有限公司 双极化辐射元件和天线
WO2019052632A1 (fr) 2017-09-12 2019-03-21 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Élément rayonnant à double polarisation et antenne
CN109659674A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-04-19 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 一种通讯天线及其辐射单元
DE102019201029B3 (de) 2019-01-28 2020-04-23 Audi Ag Antennenhaltevorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antennenhaltevorrichtung
CN110112561B (zh) * 2019-06-06 2024-01-02 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 一种单极化天线
US20230048585A1 (en) * 2019-12-10 2023-02-16 Huber+Suhner Ag Omnidirectional horizontally polarized antenna with high current protection
CN112751177B (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-01-25 深圳市中天迅通信技术股份有限公司 一种高隔离度同极化的5g全频段全向天线
USD1026878S1 (en) * 2021-04-15 2024-05-14 Shenzhen Global Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. HDTV antenna
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105393406A (zh) 2016-03-09
WO2015010761A1 (fr) 2015-01-29
US20160164190A1 (en) 2016-06-09
CN105393406B (zh) 2018-07-27
US9748666B2 (en) 2017-08-29
DE102013012308A1 (de) 2015-01-29
EP3025394A1 (fr) 2016-06-01

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