EP3355409B1 - Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande - Google Patents

Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3355409B1
EP3355409B1 EP18153448.8A EP18153448A EP3355409B1 EP 3355409 B1 EP3355409 B1 EP 3355409B1 EP 18153448 A EP18153448 A EP 18153448A EP 3355409 B1 EP3355409 B1 EP 3355409B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
coupling
base plate
omnidirectional antenna
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18153448.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3355409A1 (fr
Inventor
Tanja Hefele
Andreas Plötz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of EP3355409A1 publication Critical patent/EP3355409A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband omnidirectional antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Omnidirectional antennas are used, for example, as indoor antennas. They are multiband capable and preferably emit with a vertical polarization orientation. To this end, they can comprise a base or ground plate (reflector) which, for example, can be designed in the form of a disk, on which a monopole-shaped radiator rises transversely and in particular perpendicular to the base plate. The entire arrangement is usually covered by a protective housing, i.e. an antenna cover (radome).
  • radome antenna cover
  • the broadband omnidirectional antenna present here can not only be used inside buildings, but can also be used, for example, with vehicles, in particular rail vehicles or boats.
  • a multi-band antenna system which comprises a first antenna.
  • This first antenna has a conical radiator element which is fed at its end.
  • a cylindrical radiator element connects to the widened end of the conical radiator element. Both radiator elements are galvanically separated from each other Cut.
  • a second rod-shaped antenna is also arranged in the first antenna.
  • the first antenna is used for higher frequencies than the second antenna.
  • the second antenna and the cylindrical radiator element of the first antenna are capacitively coupled at their free ends to a further radiator structure. This additional radiator structure extends the multi-band antenna system in the longitudinal direction and is used to support lower frequencies.
  • an indoor antenna is shown. This comprises an antenna which, starting from a feed point, widens and divides it into three separate antenna elements. All three antenna elements are galvanically connected at their free end to a bent sheet metal section of the reflector.
  • the US 2014/184467 A1 shows an omnidirectional antenna comprising a first radiator that is conical. As an extension there is a second radiator, which is cylindrical. A coupling device extends from the reflector in the direction of the first radiator and in the direction of the second radiator.
  • the EP 2 081 256 A1 describes an antenna arrangement comprising a first and a second radiator.
  • the first radiator is cross-shaped in plan view and extends away from the reflector.
  • the second radiator at least partially covers the first radiator and is also designed in the shape of a cross.
  • the WO 2012/144247 A1 describes a broadband antenna. This comprises a first radiator and a second radiator.
  • the first radiator extends away from the reflector.
  • the second radiator at least partially covers the first radiator.
  • a generic omnidirectional antenna is, for example, from DE 103 59 605 A1 known.
  • the monopole-shaped radiator known therein rises vertically above a base plate from which it is galvanically separated.
  • the antenna known there comprises a vertically polarized monopole radiator.
  • the vertically polarized radiator is in particular designed in the form of a hollow cylinder or hollow cone and extends away from the base plate.
  • a disadvantage of the omnidirectional antenna from the DE 103 59 605 A1 is that the lower limit frequency is limited by the specified height and the specified diameter.
  • the broadband omnidirectional antenna comprises a first radiator which is arranged on a base plate, which preferably also serves as a reflector, and which has a longitudinal axis which extends at least approximately or predominantly or completely perpendicular to the base plate.
  • the first radiator then extends away from the base plate.
  • the first radiator comprises a first end with a foot and / or feed point and a second end opposite the first end.
  • the first end that is to say the foot and / or feed point of the first radiator, is galvanically separated from the base plate, but is arranged closer to the base plate than the second end.
  • the first radiator also comprises radiator surfaces which arise in the area of the first end and extend in the direction of the second end.
  • the omnidirectional antenna comprises a second radiator, which comprises at least one radiator surface.
  • the second radiator is arranged on the first radiator in a galvanically separated manner and can preferably only or predominantly be fed by the first radiator.
  • the omnidirectional antenna comprises a coupling device. The coupling device is used to that the lower limit frequency with which the omnidirectional antenna can be operated can be further reduced.
  • the coupling device comprises one or more coupling webs, a first end of the coupling web or coupling webs being galvanically connected to the radiator surface of the second radiator and extending in the direction of the base plate.
  • the coupling web or the coupling webs are spaced further apart from the longitudinal axis than the radiator surfaces of the first and second radiators. This means that the coupling web or the coupling webs extend outside the first and second radiators in the direction of the base plate.
  • the at least one coupling surface runs parallel or with one component (predominantly) parallel to the base plate.
  • the lower limit frequency can be lowered further.
  • the omnidirectional antenna is operated in a frequency range from 600 MHz to 6 GHz. It is preferably operated in a frequency range of 650 MHz or 698 MHz to 6 GHz. Depending on the size and dimensioning, including the feed point, it is also possible to extend the frequency range upwards and / or downwards.
  • the at least one radiator surface of the second radiator is arranged in the region of the second end of the first radiator parallel or with one component predominantly parallel to the base plate, in particular between the radiator surfaces of the first radiator, i.e. within it.
  • the radiator surfaces of the first radiator end at the same distance from the base plate as the radiator surfaces of the second radiator.
  • the radiator surfaces of the second radiator are arranged closer in the direction of the base plate than the second end of the first radiator.
  • the wording predominantly parallel to the base plate means that a slightly inclined arrangement is also possible, the inclination preferably less than 15 °, 12 °, 10 °, 8 °, 6 °, 5 °, 4 °, 3 °, 2 ° or less than 1 °. A wavy or jagged course would also fall under this.
  • the second radiator is fed only or predominantly by the first radiator.
  • a separate feed line for the second radiator is not necessary or provided.
  • the second radiator represents an extension of the first radiator, the two radiators being galvanically separated from one another. This increases the achievable bandwidth and keeps manufacturing costs low.
  • the radiator surfaces of the second radiator are arranged opposite the radiator surfaces of the first radiator in such a way that they can serve as an extension.
  • the radiator surfaces of the second radiator can be inclined at least in sections or run exclusively parallel to the longitudinal axis. They are spaced further from the base plate than the radiator surfaces of the first radiator.
  • the second radiator has a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the first end of the second radiator being arranged closer to the second end of the first radiator than the second end of the second radiator.
  • the coupling web or coupling webs are arranged with their first end closer to the first end of the second radiator than to the second end of the second radiator.
  • a feed device is arranged at the foot and / or feed point.
  • the feed device extends in the direction of the base plate and preferably penetrates it.
  • a plug element in particular in the form of a socket, is arranged on an underside of the base plate, which is opposite the mounting side with the received first and second radiators.
  • a feed cable can be or is connected to this plug element.
  • the feed device extends at least with its first end preferably into the plug element, wherein the first end of the feed device can be electrically contacted or contacted at least indirectly (via a further conductor) or directly with an inner conductor of the feed cable.
  • the feed device is galvanically separated from the base plate.
  • the feed device is galvanically, but preferably solder-free, connected to the first radiator at the base and / or feed point. You could too be capacitively coupled to the first radiator at the foot and / or feed point, the feed device extending at least partially along the longitudinal axis or with a component predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis in the direction of the second end of the radiator surfaces of the first radiator.
  • the foot and / or feed point of the first radiator comprises a sleeve-shaped or hollow-cylindrical extension in the direction of the second end of the first radiator.
  • the feed device is arranged in the sleeve-shaped extension over at least part of the length thereof, with galvanic separation between the feed device and the sleeve-shaped extension.
  • the sleeve-shaped extension can extend to the second end of the first radiator or beyond the second end of the first radiator.
  • the first radiator can thus be fed capacitively or inductively.
  • the first radiator has a partial or predominant or completely conical or funnel-shaped course along its longitudinal axis over the entire length or over a partial length.
  • the second radiator comprises a predominantly or preferably completely circumferential radiator surface, a diameter or a circumference of the circumferential radiator surface of the second radiator at its first end being adapted to a diameter or circumference of the second end of the first radiator.
  • Such an adaptation is preferably realized in that the diameter or the circumference at the first end of the second radiator differs from the diameter or circumference at the second end of the first radiator by less than 20% or 15% or 10% or 8% or 5% or 3% deviates. It is particularly advantageous if the diameter or the circumference at the first end of the second radiator is slightly larger than the diameter or the circumference at the second end of the first radiator. "Slightly larger” is to be understood as a few millimeters, in particular less than 8 mm or 6 mm or 4 mm or 2 mm but preferably more than 1 mm or 3 mm or 5 mm or 7 mm or 9 mm.
  • the diameter of the second radiator remains constant along the longitudinal axis or tapers in the direction of the longitudinal axis from the first end to the second end.
  • the second radiator comprises one or more slots which extend from its second end, which is opposite the first end, in the direction of the first end and end at a distance therefrom.
  • These slots can be constant in their width or taper in the direction of the first end.
  • the first slots could also extend from the first end in the direction of the second end and end at a distance from the second end.
  • a (dielectric) holding and / or spacer element is used in a particularly preferred embodiment of the omnidirectional antenna that is not according to the invention, which is at least partially arranged within the first radiator and is rotationally fixed is attached to this.
  • the holding and / or spacer element is preferably also non-rotatably attached to the second radiator, the holding and / or spacer element being designed such that a gap (along the longitudinal axis) between the first end of the second radiator and the second end of the first Emitter has an adjustable width.
  • the first radiator and the second radiator are therefore arranged so that they do not overlap with one another.
  • the holding and / or spacer element therefore fulfills several functions.
  • the holding and / or spacer element prevents the first and second radiators from rotating relative to one another over the course of time. This also ensures that the first and second radiators are galvanically separated from one another.
  • the gap that is set between the first and the second radiator by the holding and / or spacer element is preferably greater than 0.1 mm or 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm or 0.7 mm or 0.9 mm or 12 mm or 15 mm or 17 mm or 20 mm or 30 mm or 40 mm or 50 mm and is preferably smaller than 40 mm or 30 mm or 20 mm or 18 mm or 16 mm or 13 mm or 11 mm or 9 mm or 8 mm or 6 mm or 3 mm or 1 mm.
  • the first emitter comprises n emitter areas with n ⁇ 2.
  • the n emitter areas are galvanically connected to one another at the first end of the first emitter or are formed integrally with one another, the emitter areas being offset from one another around the longitudinal axis of the first emitter of slots are arranged between respectively adjacent radiator surfaces and the slots begin at a distance from the first end of the first radiator and extend to the second end of the first radiator.
  • At least part of the at least one radiator surface of the second radiator is arranged parallel or with a component predominantly parallel to the base plate at the second end of the first radiator between the radiator surfaces of the first radiator. It is particularly advantageous here that such a radiator arrangement can be produced very easily, for example from sheet metal parts.
  • the overall height of such an omnidirectional antenna is very low, although it still works with a broadband.
  • the radiator surfaces of the first radiator comprise a plurality of radiator sub-surfaces which are aligned at an angle to one another. The same can also apply to the at least one radiator surface of the second radiator.
  • the radiator surfaces of the first and second radiators are preferably designed to be curvature-free (with the exception of the bending edge) and are each arranged in a separate plane.
  • the first radiator and / or the second radiator can be produced from sheet metal in a cutting, stamping and / or bending process.
  • the at least one coupling surface is galvanically connected to the base plate or is arranged at a distance from it, so that the at least one coupling surface is capacitively coupled to the base plate.
  • the distance between the coupling surface and the base plate and the size of the coupling surface can be varied as desired depending on the application.
  • the coupling surface can be arranged parallel to the base plate. It can also be arranged at an angle or be designed unevenly (eg wavy).
  • an additional dielectric can be arranged between the at least one coupling surface and the base plate, on which the at least one coupling surface rests or is supported.
  • the multiple coupling webs are galvanically connected via their second end to a common coupling surface, the coupling surface being in the form of a common coupling frame which delimits a receiving space in which part of the first radiator is arranged.
  • the common coupling frame can basically have any shape. In particular, however, its cross section has the shape of a rectangle or a square or a circle or an oval.
  • a cover hood in a further exemplary embodiment, comprises a cover hood in a further exemplary embodiment.
  • a single cover hood is preferably used, which is connected to the base plate in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner and optionally in a moisture-tight manner and which surrounds the first and second radiators.
  • the cover hood is preferably arranged without contact with the first and the second radiator.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of an omnidirectional antenna 1.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 1 works very broadband, in particular in a frequency range of 600 MHz or 650 MHz or 694 MHz to 6000 MHz. It comprises a first radiator 2, which is galvanically separated from a base plate 3 and extends away from it, the first radiator 2 having a longitudinal axis 4 which extends at least approximately perpendicular to the base plate 3.
  • the base plate 3 can also be referred to as a reflector.
  • the base plate 3 consists of an electrically conductive material such as a metal. It could also consist of a dielectric material and be provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the base plate 3 comprises a plurality of depressions 3a, via which the base plate 3 can be connected to a carrier located underneath.
  • the base plate 3 also functions as a counterweight surface in order to support the remaining part of the omnidirectional antenna 1.
  • the first radiator 2 comprises a first end 2a and a second end 2b opposite the first end 2a.
  • the first end 2a can also be used as a foot and / or feed point 5 are considered.
  • the first end 2a is arranged closer to the base plate 3 than the second end 2b.
  • the first radiator 2 comprises radiator surfaces 6 which arise in the area of the first end 2a and extend in the direction of the second end 2b or form the second end 2b. A distance between the radiator surfaces 6 and the longitudinal axis 4 increases at least in sections from the first end 2a in the direction of the second end 2b.
  • the first radiator 2 has a completely conical or funnel-shaped profile along its longitudinal axis 4.
  • the conical or funnel-shaped course could also be present only partially or predominantly.
  • the first radiator 2 it would also be possible for the first radiator 2 to have a partial circumferential area in its cross section, i.e. transverse to the longitudinal axis 4, which is partially circular, with another partial circumferential area consisting of a straight line or several straight lines running at an angle to one another.
  • the slope of the conical or funnel-shaped course does not have to be constant, but can also change. Sections with a larger gradient can connect to sections with a smaller gradient. Such a change can take place several times.
  • radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 are preferably seamlessly connected to one another or merge seamlessly into one another.
  • a feed device 7 is arranged at the foot and / or feed point 5 of the first radiator 2.
  • the feed device 7 can preferably be designed in the shape of a pin.
  • a plug element 8, in particular in the form of a socket, is arranged on an underside 3d of the base plate 3, which is opposite the assembly side 3c with the first radiator 2 received.
  • a feed cable (not shown) can be connected to this plug element 8.
  • the feed device 7 extends in the direction of the base plate 3 and can also pass through it. However, this is not absolutely necessary.
  • the feed device 7 extends at least with its first end 7a into the plug element 8, the first end 7a of the feed device 7 can be electrically contacted at least indirectly with the inner conductor of the feed cable.
  • the feed device 7 can also be viewed as an inner conductor of the plug element 8, for example.
  • a “direct” feed would also be possible if the feed device 7 is screwed or soldered directly to the first radiator 2, in particular to its foot and / or feed point 5. In this case, there is a consistently good match (e.g. no response).
  • An outer conductor of the supply cable can be connected to the base plate 3 in an electrically conductive manner via the plug element 8.
  • a sleeve 9 made of a dielectric material is preferably also between the foot and / or feed point 5 and the base plate 3 arranged.
  • the sleeve 9 can be part of the plug element 8.
  • the first radiator 2 is supported with its foot and / or feed point 5 on this sleeve 9.
  • the feed device 7 is in the exemplary embodiments Figures 1 to 3 coupled capacitively to the first radiator 2.
  • the coupling takes place at the foot and / or feed point 5 of the first radiator 2.
  • the feed device 7 extends at least partially along the longitudinal axis 4 in the direction of the second end 2b of the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2.
  • the first comprises Radiator 2 at its base and / or feed point 5 has a sleeve-shaped extension 10 which extends in the direction of the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 or runs in this direction.
  • the sleeve-shaped extension 10 can end in front of the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 or end flush with the second end 2b of the first radiator 2.
  • the sleeve-shaped extension 10 is preferably made of the same material that the first radiator 2 is made of. This material is preferably a metal such as aluminum.
  • the first radiator 2 can also consist of a dielectric which is provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the first radiator 2 can, in particular, in a casting process are manufactured in an (aluminum) die-casting process.
  • the feed device 7 and the sleeve-shaped extension 10 are galvanically separated from one another. A coating, for example in the form of an additional sleeve, can be placed on the feed device 7, thereby ensuring galvanic separation.
  • the feed device 7 can, at least in the area in which it is arranged in the sleeve-shaped extension 10, also be coated with a dielectric layer.
  • the sleeve-shaped extension 10 and the first radiator 2 are preferably formed in one piece, so they consist of a common part.
  • the sleeve-shaped extension 10 could also be integrally formed on the first radiator 2 via a soldered or welded connection.
  • the broadband omnidirectional antenna 1 also comprises a second radiator 11, which comprises at least one radiator surface 12.
  • the second radiator 11 is arranged galvanically separated from the first radiator 2.
  • the second radiator 11 is preferably fed exclusively by the first radiator 2.
  • a feed cable cannot be connected directly to the second radiator 11.
  • the second radiator 11 can be produced in a casting process, in particular in an (aluminum) die-casting process.
  • radiator surfaces 12 of the second radiator 11 are arranged as an extension of the first radiator 2.
  • the radiator surfaces 12 are preferably inclined at least in sections.
  • the radiator surfaces 12 are inclined in particular in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4. However, they could also run exclusively or predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis 4.
  • the radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 is preferably circumferential, so that it can also be referred to as the radiator jacket 12.
  • the second radiator 11 has a first end 11a and an end 11b opposite the first end 11a.
  • the first end 11a is arranged closer to the base plate 3 than the second end 11b. This means that the first end 11a of the second radiator 11 is arranged closer to the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 than the second end 11b of the second radiator 11.
  • the radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 is preferably completely or predominantly closed in the circumferential direction . Openings can for example only be introduced for fastening the second radiator 11 to the first radiator 2 or to the base plate 3.
  • a diameter of the circumferential radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 is adapted at its first end 11a to a diameter of the second end 2b of the first radiator 2.
  • the diameter at the first end 11a of the second radiator 11 differs from the diameter at the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 or is the same size.
  • the diameter of the second radiator 11 at its first end 11a is either larger or smaller or the same size as or like the diameter of the first radiator 2 at its second end 2b.
  • the second radiator 11 preferably has the shape of a hollow cylinder, the diameter tapering or remaining constant along the longitudinal axis 4.
  • the diameter at the second end 11b is smaller than at the first end 11a.
  • the diameter could, however, also widen towards the second end 11b.
  • the cross-sectional shape can, but does not have to be, rotationally symmetrical.
  • the cross section of the second radiator 11 can have individual subsegments that are circular or partially circular, whereas other segments are straight or consist of several straight lines converging at an angle.
  • the second radiator 11 preferably extends over a greater length along the longitudinal axis 4 than the first radiator 2. However, this could also be the other way round. Both radiators 2, 11 can also extend over the same length along the longitudinal axis 4.
  • the second radiator 11 has one or more slots 13 which extend from the second end 11b in the direction of the first end 11a and end at a distance from the latter. These slots 13 are in Figure 3 shown.
  • the width of the slots 13 can be constant over their length. However, it can also change.
  • the slots 13 extend over a length along the longitudinal axis 14, which is preferably greater than 30%, or 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the length of the second radiator 11.
  • slots 13 In the event that several slots 13 are arranged, they can be formed symmetrically on the second radiator 11. This means that the distance between the individual slots 13 is the same in each case. An asymmetrical arrangement would also be possible. In this case, the distance from one or all of the slots 13 to the respectively adjacent slots 13 would be different.
  • the slots 13 can have any shape. They can also be curved or consist of several slot segments running at an angle to one another. The corners can also be rounded.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 1 also comprises a holding and / or spacing element 15.
  • This holding and / or spacing element 15 is preferably made of a dielectric material such as plastic .
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 is preferably inserted into the receiving space 16, which is delimited by the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 is preferably attached to the first radiator 2 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 preferably comprises a multiplicity of first clip connections 17 a, which engage in a multiplicity of first fastening openings 17 b within the first radiator 2.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 also comprises a multiplicity of second clip connections 18 which engage in a multiplicity of fastening openings in the second radiator 11. Additionally or alternatively, this multiplicity of second clip connections 18 can also engage in the multiplicity of slots 13 of the second radiator 11, as a result of which the holding and / or spacer element 15 is non-rotatably connected to the first and second radiators 2, 11.
  • the multiplicity of first or second clip connections 17a, 18 can be introduced into the corresponding fastening openings 17b or slots 13 in such a way that the second radiator 11 can only be attached to the first radiator 2 in a specific rotational or angular position.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 also includes a spacing surface 19, which is preferably designed as a circular surface that is parallel or with a Component is predominantly aligned parallel to the base plate 3.
  • This spacing surface 19 preferably rests on an end face at the second end 2b of the first radiator 2. The thickness of this spacing surface 19 defines how large the distance between the first radiator 2 and the second radiator 11 is.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 comprises at least in its center an opening through which, for example, the sleeve-shaped extension 10 of the first radiator 2 can penetrate.
  • the holding and / or spacer element 15 is preferably designed in one piece. In the assembled state of the omnidirectional antenna 1, the holding and / or spacer element 15 is predominantly within the first and / or second radiator 2, 11. The holding and / or spacer element 15 is preferably exclusively on the first radiator 2 and on the second radiator 11 attached. A further fastening, in particular on the base plate 3, is preferably not provided.
  • the Figure 4A shows a longitudinal section through the omnidirectional antenna 1, the Figures 4B and 4C an enlargement of two sub-areas that are shown in Figure 4A are shown, map.
  • the Figure 4C shows the gap 20 between the first radiator 2 and the second radiator 11. This gap 20 is preferably filled by the holding and / or spacer element 15. It can be seen here that the diameter of the second radiator 11 at its first end 11a is greater than the diameter of the first radiator 2 at its second end 2b.
  • the entire omnidirectional antenna 1 should preferably be able to be assembled without tools.
  • a cover 25 is also shown.
  • the cover 25 is positively and / or non-positively connected to the base plate 3 and furthermore preferably moisture-tight and surrounds the first and second radiators 2, 11.
  • the cover 25 is furthermore preferably contact-free arranged to the first and the second radiator 2, 11.
  • further clip connections 26, which are formed on the underside (which faces the base plate 3) of the cover 25, the cover 25 is securely connected to the base plate 3.
  • the base plate 3 has corresponding fastening openings 3b for this purpose.
  • the further clip connections 26 engage in this.
  • the shape of the cover 25 is adapted to the shape of the second radiator 11 and the first radiator 2.
  • the cover 25 is made of a dielectric material.
  • the fully assembled omnidirectional antenna 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the covering hood 25 is correspondingly firmly attached to the base plate 3.
  • the base plate 3 preferably has a larger diameter than the cover hood 25 at its lower end facing the base plate 3.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 1 also comprises a coupling device 30.
  • the coupling device comprises one or more coupling webs 31. At least one first end 31a of the coupling webs 31 is galvanically connected to the radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 and extends towards the base plate 3.
  • the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 are arranged with their first end 31a closer to the first end 11a of the second radiator 11 than to the second end 11b of the second radiator 11. However, this could also be the other way around.
  • the coupling webs 31 can consist of a segment inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 4. They are preferably branch-free.
  • the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 can also consist of several subsegments which are connected to one another at an angle.
  • the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 are preferably made in one piece. They consist of an electrically conductive material or are provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the second end 31b of the coupling webs 31, which is arranged closer to the base plate 3, has coupling surfaces 32 which run parallel or with one component predominantly parallel to the base plate 3.
  • all coupling surfaces 32 of the coupling webs 31 are connected to one another and thus form a common coupling frame 32. This delimits a receiving space 33 in which a part of the first radiator 2 is arranged.
  • the common coupling frame 32 has a cross section which has the shape of a (hollow) circle. Other cross-sectional shapes are also conceivable.
  • a dielectric, on which the at least one coupling surface 32 rests or is supported, can be arranged between the at least one coupling surface 32 (for example coupling frame) and the base plate 3.
  • the coupling surface 32 is preferably designed to be free of interruptions which would partially or completely penetrate the coupling surface 32 over its (entire) width.
  • the coupling surface 32 is preferably designed to be screw-free and / or pin-free.
  • the at least one coupling surface 32 is arranged at a distance from the base plate 3. There is a capacitive coupling between the coupling surface 32 and the base plate 3.
  • the at least one coupling surface 32 could be galvanically connected to the base plate 3.
  • a groove it would be possible for a groove to be made in the base plate 3, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the at least one coupling surface 32.
  • the coupling frame 32 would be at least partially arranged in this groove.
  • the dimensions and the distance between the coupling surfaces 32 and the base plate 3 can be selected as desired.
  • the coupling web 31 is preferably thicker than the coupling surface 32.
  • the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 are spaced further from the longitudinal axis 4 than the radiator surfaces 6, 12 of the first and second radiators 2, 11.
  • the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 run outside the receiving space of the second radiator 11 and outside the receiving space 16 of the first radiator 2.
  • the receiving space 16 of the first radiator 2 is preferably free of the second radiator 11 and vice versa.
  • the first end 11a of the second radiator 11 is preferably at a greater distance from the base plate 3 than the second end 2b of the first radiator 2.
  • Figure 4B shows an enlarged illustration of a partial area Figure 4A .
  • This sub-area explains that the coupling surfaces 32 end at a distance in front of the base plate 3.
  • This distance can be selected as desired depending on the desired coupling and size of the coupling surfaces 32.
  • the distance can be, for example, smaller than 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm or smaller than 0.5 cm or larger than 0.3 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.9 cm, 1.3 cm, or 1, 7 cm can be chosen.
  • Figure 4B also shows that the covering hood 25 is arranged without contact with the coupling webs 31 with the respective coupling surfaces 32.
  • each coupling web 31 has its own coupling surface 32, the coupling surfaces 32 of each coupling web 31 being arranged separately and at a distance from one another.
  • the coupling surface 32 can, as already explained with regard to the coupling frame, have any cross-section.
  • the coupling surfaces 32 have a cross-sectional shape which includes part-circular segments.
  • the coupling surfaces 32 can be arranged parallel to the base plate 3 or also at an angle to the base plate 3.
  • the coupling webs 31 preferably have a greater thickness than the coupling surfaces 32.
  • the coupling webs 31 are connected to the coupling surfaces 32 with their second end 31b, preferably in the middle of the coupling surfaces 32.
  • All coupling surfaces 32 preferably have the same shape and / or size. It is also possible for at least one or all of the coupling surfaces 32 to have different shapes and / or sizes.
  • the individual coupling surfaces 32 do not have to be arranged symmetrically around the first radiator 2. This means that a distance between the individual coupling surfaces 32 can be different.
  • the coupling surfaces 32 and the coupling webs 31 can be produced in one piece. They can also be soldered or welded together be connected. The same also applies to the coupling webs 31 with regard to the second radiator 11.
  • a distance of the coupling surfaces 32 from the first radiator 2 corresponds, for example, to the width of the coupling surfaces 32 in the radial direction starting from the longitudinal axis 4. The distance can, however, also be greater or smaller than be the width of the corresponding coupling surface 32.
  • Some coupling surfaces 32 can also be connected to one another, whereas other coupling surfaces 32 are arranged individually.
  • the coupling surfaces 32 can also be produced in a cutting and / or stamping process.
  • the first and second radiators 2, 11 together with the coupling webs 31 and the coupling surfaces 32 are made from sheet metal. All of these elements are preferably produced by a cutting or punching and / or bending process.
  • the second radiator 11 is not arranged as an extension of the first radiator 2 along the longitudinal axis 4 away from the base plate 3.
  • the at least one radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11, on the other hand, is arranged in the region of the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 parallel or with one component predominantly parallel to the base plate 3 between the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2.
  • the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 end at the same distance from the base plate 3 as the radiator surfaces 12 of the second radiator 11.
  • the radiator surfaces 12 of the second radiator 11 could, however, also be arranged closer in the direction of the base plate 3 than the second end 2b of the first radiator 2. Not according to the invention, it could also be arranged further away from the base plate 3 than the second end 2b of the first radiator 2.
  • the first radiator 2 preferably comprises n radiator surfaces 6 with n> 2.
  • the n radiator surfaces 6 are galvanically connected to one another at the first end 2a of the first radiator 2 or formed in one piece with one another or on one another.
  • the radiator surfaces 6 are around the longitudinal axis 4 of the first radiator 2 arranged offset from one another with the formation of slots 40.
  • the slots 40 begin at the first end 2a of the first radiator 2 and run to the second end 2b of the first radiator 2.
  • the slots 40 or each slot 40 or a slot 40 preferably have a larger area than one of the n radiator surfaces 6 of the first emitter 2.
  • the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 comprise a plurality of radiator sub-surfaces aligned at an angle to one another.
  • the partial radiator surfaces not only extend from the base plate 3 along the longitudinal axis 4 or at an angle to the longitudinal axis 4 away from the base plate 3, but they preferably widen in sections from the first end 2a to the second end 2b of the first radiator 2. This widening does not have to take place over the entire length of the respective radiator surfaces 6. The widening can also only take place over a partial length.
  • Some radiator sub-surfaces run at an angle to the longitudinal axis 4, whereas other radiator sub-surfaces run parallel or with a component predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis 4.
  • those partial radiator surfaces which are arranged closer to the base and / or feed point 5 run at an angle to the longitudinal axis 4.
  • the individual radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 are preferably arranged opposite one another. This means that two radiator surfaces 6 are preferably located opposite one another. An even number of radiator surfaces 6 is preferably used. In this case, the first radiator 2 would comprise at least 2 ⁇ n radiator areas with n 1.
  • At least part of the at least one radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 is arranged parallel or with a component predominantly parallel to the base plate 3 at the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 between the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2.
  • the second radiator 11 can protrude with its radiator surfaces 12 at least partially beyond the slots 40 which separate the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 from one another.
  • the at least one radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 can also comprise a plurality of radiator sub-surfaces that are aligned at an angle to one another. It is precisely these radiator sub-surfaces of the second radiator 11 that are aligned at an angle to one another and at an angle to the longitudinal axis 4 out through the slot 40 between the radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2.
  • radiator surfaces 6 of the first radiator 2 and / or all of the radiator surfaces 12 of the second radiator 11 are free of curvature and are arranged in a separate plane.
  • the first radiator 2 and the second radiator 11 can preferably be produced from sheet metal in a cutting, stamping and / or bending process.
  • the omnidirectional antenna 1 also includes a coupling device 30 which is connected to the second radiator 11.
  • the coupling device 30 also has one or more coupling webs 31, a first end 31a of one or more coupling webs 31 being galvanically connected to the radiator surface 12 of the second radiator 11 and extending in the direction of the base plate 3.
  • the first end 31a of the coupling web 31 or the coupling webs 31 is preferably galvanically connected to that part of the radiator surface of the second radiator 11 which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 4 (0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °).
  • Coupling surfaces 32 are again arranged at a second end 31b of the coupling webs 31. In this exemplary embodiment, these comprise the shape of a rectangle.
  • a common coupling frame 32 could be used, which is galvanically connected to all second ends 31b of the coupling webs 31.
  • this exemplary embodiment of the omnidirectional antenna 1 also has at least one dielectric holding and / or spacer element. This is preferably arranged within the first radiator 2 and fastened to it in a rotationally fixed manner. It is in turn fastened to the second radiator 11 in a rotationally fixed manner, the holding and / or spacer element being designed such that a gap between the second end 2b of the first radiator 2 and the second radiator 11 has a predeterminable width.
  • the first radiator 2 is galvanically connected to the feed device 7 at the foot and / or feed point 5.
  • the feed device 7 preferably comprises an external thread which is screwed into an internal thread of the first radiator 2.
  • the first radiator 2 can be fixedly mounted on the sleeve 9 by means of a nut 41.
  • the first radiator 2 can therefore no longer be removed. Additionally or alternatively, soldered or welded connections could also be used.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show a more detailed structure of the first and second radiators 2, 11 as a further exemplary embodiment of the omnidirectional antenna.
  • the first radiator 2 is shown, which consists of two radiator surfaces 6, which not only increase in their width along the longitudinal axis 4, but also have different radiator sub-segments that are aligned at an angle to one another.
  • the first radiator 2 with its radiator surfaces 6 consists of a common part.
  • the second radiator 11 in Figure 9B This also preferably consists of a single part.
  • this radiator 11 also includes the coupling webs 31 with the coupling surfaces 32.
  • the number of coupling webs 31 can be kept as desired.
  • the second radiator 11 preferably comprises as many coupling webs 31 as the first radiator 2 has slots 40.
  • the second beam 11 with the coupling webs 31 and the coupling surfaces 32 is preferably made from a single piece.
  • the first radiator 2 has a V-shape in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the second radiator 11 has a shape that resembles an upside-down V.
  • the height of the omnidirectional antenna 1 along the longitudinal axis 4 corresponds to 0.18 ⁇ , where ⁇ here represents the wavelength of the lower limit frequency (e.g. 694 MHz).

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - elle comporte un premier élément rayonnant (2) séparé galvaniquement d'une plaque de base (3) et s'étendant à partir de celle-ci, ledit premier élément rayonnant (2) présentant un axe longitudinal (4) s'étendant de manière au moins approximativement perpendiculaire à la plaque de base (3) ;
    - le premier élément rayonnant (2) comprend une première extrémité (2a) comportant un point d'alimentation (5) et une deuxième extrémité (2b) opposée à la première extrémité (2a) ;
    - la première extrémité (2a) est agencée plus près de la plaque de base (3) que ne l'est la deuxième extrémité (2b) ;
    - le premier élément rayonnant (2) comprend des surfaces de rayonnement (6) prenant naissance à proximité de la première extrémité (2a) et s'étendant en direction de la deuxième extrémité (2b) ou bien formant cette dernière ;
    - la distance séparant les surfaces de rayonnement (6) et l'axe longitudinal (4) augmentant au moins par sections à partir de la première extrémité (2a) vers la deuxième extrémité (2b) ;
    - elle comporte un deuxième élément rayonnant (11) comprenant au moins une surface de rayonnement (12), ledit deuxième élément rayonnant (11) étant disposé sur le premier élément rayonnant (2) en étant galvaniquement séparée et pouvant être alimenté uniquement ou principalement par le premier élément rayonnant (2) ;
    - elle comporte un dispositif de couplage (30) ;
    - le dispositif de couplage (30) comprend un ou plusieurs bras de couplage (31), une première extrémité (31a) du ou des bras de couplage (31) étant reliée galvaniquement à la surface de rayonnement (12) du deuxième élément rayonnant (11) et s'étendant en direction de la plaque de base (3) ;
    - le ou les bras de couplage (31) sont plus écartés de l'axe longitudinal (4) que ne le sont les surfaces de rayonnement (6, 12) du premier et du deuxième élément rayonnant (2, 11) ;
    - au moins une surface de couplage (32) est conçue ou formée au niveau d'une deuxième extrémité (31b) du ou des bras de couplage (31) qui est opposée à la première extrémité (31a) et est située plus près de la plaque de base (4) que ne l'est la première extrémité (31a), ladite surface de couplage étant reliée galvaniquement au bras de couplage (31) respectif ;
    - l'au moins une surface de rayonnement (12) du deuxième élément rayonnant (11) est disposée à proximité de la deuxième extrémité (2b) du premier élément rayonnant (2) en étant parallèle ou en présentant un composant principalement parallèle à la plaque de base (3) ;
    caractérisée par les particularités suivantes :
    - les surfaces de rayonnement (6) du premier élément rayonnant (2) et les surfaces de rayonnement (12) du deuxième élément rayonnant (11) se terminent à égale distance de la plaque de base (3) ; ou les surfaces de rayonnement (12) du deuxième élément rayonnant (11) sont disposées plus près, en direction de la plaque de base (3), que ne l'est la deuxième extrémité (2b) du premier élément rayonnant (2).
  2. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon la revendication 1, présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - un dispositif d'alimentation (7) est disposé au niveau du point d'alimentation (5) ;
    - le dispositif d'alimentation (7) s'étend en direction de la plaque de base (3) ;
    - un élément de connexion (8), notamment sous la forme d'un connecteur femelle, est disposé au niveau d'une face inférieure (3d) de la plaque de base (3) opposée à la face de montage (3c) dans laquelle sont reçus les premier et deuxième éléments rayonnants (2, 11), ledit élément de connexion (8) pouvant être raccordé à un câble d'alimentation ;
    - le dispositif d'alimentation (7) s'étend au moins par sa première extrémité (7a) dans l'élément de connexion (8), ladite première extrémité (7a) du dispositif d'alimentation (7) pouvant être mise en contact électrique, au moins indirectement, avec un conducteur interne du câble d'alimentation.
  3. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - le premier élément rayonnant (2) comprend n surfaces de rayonnement (6), sachant que n ≥ 2 ;
    - les n surfaces de rayonnement (6) sont reliées galvaniquement ou d'un seul tenant entre elles au niveau de la première extrémité (2a) du premier élément rayonnant (2), lesdites surfaces de rayonnement (6) étant mutuellement décalées autour de l'axe longitudinal (4) du premier élément rayonnant (2) en formant des fentes (40) entre les surfaces de rayonnement (6) respectivement voisines et lesdites fentes (40) commencent à l'écart de la première extrémité (2a) du premier élément rayonnant (2) et se prolongent jusqu'à la deuxième extrémité (2b) du premier élément rayonnant (2) ;
    - au moins une partie de l'au moins une surface de rayonnement (12) du deuxième élément rayonnant (11) est disposée au niveau de la deuxième extrémité (2b) du premier élément rayonnant (2) en étant parallèle ou en présentant un composant principalement parallèle à la plaque de base (3), entre les surfaces de rayonnement (6) du premier élément rayonnant (2).
  4. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant la particularité suivante :
    - l'au moins une surface de couplage (32) est reliée galvaniquement à la plaque de base (3) ou est disposée à un certain écart de celle-ci, de façon que l'au moins une surface de couplage (32) est couplée capacitivement à la plaque de base (3).
  5. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - les divers bras de couplage (31) sont reliés galvaniquement, par leur deuxième extrémité (31b), à une surface de couplage (32) commune, ladite surface de couplage (32) présentant la forme d'un cadre de couplage (32) commun délimitant un espace de réception (33) dans lequel est disposée une partie du premier élément rayonnant (2) ;
    - le cadre de couplage (32) commun comprend une section transversale présentant la forme :
    a) d'un rectangle, ou
    b) d'un carré, ou
    c) d'un cercle, ou
    d) d'un ovale, ou
    e) d'un n-polygone, ou une forme approchant de celles-ci.
  6. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - le ou les bras de couplage (31) se prolongent selon un certain angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (4) du premier élément rayonnant (2) ; et/ou
    - le ou les bras de couplage (31) sont conçus d'un seul tenant avec le deuxième élément rayonnant (11) ou sont fixés, sous la forme de pièces distinctes, audit élément rayonnant (11) ; et/ou
    l'au moins une surface de couplage (32) est conçue d'un seul tenant avec le bras de couplage (31) respectif ou est fixée à celui-ci sous la forme d'un composant distinct.
  7. Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant les particularités suivantes :
    - elle comporte un seul capot de protection (25) ;
    - le capot de protection (25) est relié à la plaque de base (3) par complémentarité de forme et/ou par liaison de force, et ce de manière étanche à l'humidité, et enveloppe le premier et le deuxième élément rayonnant (2, 11) ;
    - le capot de protection (25) est disposé sans contact par rapport au premier et au deuxième élément rayonnant (2, 11).
EP18153448.8A 2017-01-27 2018-01-25 Antenne omnidirectionnelle à large bande Active EP3355409B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017101677.5A DE102017101677A1 (de) 2017-01-27 2017-01-27 Breitbandige omnidirektionale Antenne

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EP3355409B1 true EP3355409B1 (fr) 2021-03-10

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EP (1) EP3355409B1 (fr)
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DE102016114093B4 (de) * 2016-07-29 2020-01-16 Huber + Suhner Ag Breitbandige omnidirektionale Antenne, insbesondere für Schienenfahrzeuge und ein solches Schienenfahrzeug
CN113178677B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2022-07-05 西北民族大学 一种基于5g通信的全向室内天线
US11652290B2 (en) 2021-08-23 2023-05-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Extremely low profile ultra wide band antenna
US11791558B2 (en) * 2021-08-23 2023-10-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Simple ultra wide band very low profile antenna
US11901616B2 (en) * 2021-08-23 2024-02-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Simple ultra wide band very low profile antenna arranged above sloped surface
US11764464B2 (en) * 2021-08-23 2023-09-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Spiral tapered low profile ultra wide band antenna

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WO2012144247A1 (fr) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-26 原田工業株式会社 Antenne large bande
US20140184467A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Galtronics Corporation Ltd. Ultra-broadband antenna with capacitively coupled ground leg
DE102014013926A1 (de) * 2014-09-21 2016-03-24 Heinz Lindenmeier Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich für Fahrzeuge

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US20180219282A1 (en) 2018-08-02
CN108365330B (zh) 2021-03-23
US10461415B2 (en) 2019-10-29
CN108365330A (zh) 2018-08-03
DE102017101677A1 (de) 2018-08-02
EP3355409A1 (fr) 2018-08-01

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