EP3025394B1 - Broadband omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Broadband omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3025394B1 EP3025394B1 EP14736620.7A EP14736620A EP3025394B1 EP 3025394 B1 EP3025394 B1 EP 3025394B1 EP 14736620 A EP14736620 A EP 14736620A EP 3025394 B1 EP3025394 B1 EP 3025394B1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
- H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
- H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a broadband omnidirectional antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Omnidirectional antennas are used, for example, as indoor antennas. They are multiband capable and can radiate in a vertical and / or horizontal polarization orientation. In general, they are arranged in front of a ground or ground surface, which may be designed, for example, disk-shaped. The entire antenna arrangement is further below a protective housing, i. an antenna cover (radome) arranged.
- a protective housing i. an antenna cover (radome) arranged.
- the known monopole radiator rises vertically above a base plate or counterweight surface, from which it is galvanically isolated.
- the vertically polarized monopole radiator thus, at least approximately comprises a conical or frusto-conical radiator portion (which with a diverging extension of the base plate or counterweight surface facing away) and / or a cylindrical or cup-shaped radiator portion.
- the counterweight surface is adjoined first by the conical or frustoconical radiator section facing away from the counterweight surface with its divergent extension, which then merges into a tubular radiator section.
- An omnidirectional indoor antenna comparable in this respect is known, for example, from US Pat EP 2 490 296 A1 known.
- it comprises a monopole radiator arrangement comparable to the prior art described above.
- the EP 2 490 296 A1 no disc-shaped reflector, but a conical reflector assembly also tapering towards monopole radiator used.
- a broadband, dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna arrangement is also known from US Pat WO 2012/101633 A1 to be known as known. It can be mounted, for example, on a ceiling underside in a room.
- a dipole arrangement offset by 90 ° relative to each other is provided, which results in a square structure in plan view. Centered within this, each at 90 ° on the sides of a square, rising in front of a reflector dipole radiator is still an electrically conductive, aligned vertically to the reflector plane and in contrast uplifting monopoly provided as a vertically polarized radiator, which also again, as in the aforementioned prior art, a reflector remote cylindrical portion and the reflector closer and in the direction Reflector tapered conical section comprises.
- a generic omnidirectional and thereby dual polarized antenna arrangement is finally in the DE 10 2010 011 867 B4 shown and described.
- This generic broadband omnidirectional and thereby dual polarized antenna has in addition to a monopole radiator, which is vertically polarized, still a dual polarized radiator arrangement.
- the monopole is designed as a cylindrical radiator arrangement, in the cylinder jacket in the circumferential direction offset lying each vertically extending slots are formed.
- the slots are excited in a preferred embodiment by means of Vivaldi antennas.
- the Vivaldi antennas thus serve both as a stand-alone horizontally polarized radiator element and as a feed device for the vertical slots, which causes an increase in the bandwidth.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a further improved omnidirectional and dual-polarized antenna on the basis of the aforementioned generic state of the art.
- the present invention again achieves a significant improvement over the conventional omnidirectional antennas.
- the omnidirectional antenna according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it is once again very much more broadband with a total of the required installation space.
- the vertically polarized radiator can be easily used in a frequency range of 790 MHz to 960 MHz and from 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz.
- the horizontally polarized radiator device can be operated for example in a frequency range of 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz. But even these values are only exemplary, since the antenna according to the invention is not limited to these frequency ranges.
- the present omnidirectional antenna is further distinguished by the fact that in front of a reflector plane, for example a disk-shaped flat reflector plane at a distance therefrom, at least two Vivaldi antennas offset in the circumferential direction about a central axis are arranged. Above the level of these Vivaldi antennas then the monopole-shaped and vertically polarized radiator is positioned.
- the antenna according to the invention for horizontally polarized radiators at least three or at least four in the circumferential direction of the central axis to each other lying Vivaldi antennas.
- Vivaldi antennas are also known as tapered-slot antennas (TSA), which are fed via a slot line.
- TSA tapered-slot antennas
- the actual antenna is in this case a two-dimensional exponential horn, in which the slot-shaped structure running away from the feed point to the outside expands horn-like.
- the Vivaldi antennas according to the invention have the peculiarity that the slot which merges into the exponential horn, not only extends in a plane parallel to the reflector, but the remaining, electrically conductive and the slot and the exponential horn delimiting surfaces arcuate or gradations (kinks ) in the direction of the reflector.
- the monopole radiator may have any suitable shapes. Preferably, it is designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. In this case, it is preferably not only cylindrical, but at least slightly conical, so that its lateral surface is designed diverging from the side facing the reflector or the Vivaldi antennas toward its open side.
- the shape of the monopole, the shape of the Vivaldi radiators and the distance from the reflector influence the radiation characteristics of the V and H pole radiators.
- Dual polarized antennas are mainly used for MIMO applications, which usually require the highest possible level of coverage in the far field. By a suitable choice of o.g. Parameter can be improved in this antenna, the congruence in the vertical diagrams.
- the most important advantages of the solution according to the invention are the reduction of the antenna arrangement, in the interaction and the double use of the radiator elements and in the special form of the horizontally polarized radiator.
- the bandwidth of the vertically polarized radiator can also be increased by extending the counterweight surface to the reflector.
- FIG. 1 is the omnidirectional dual polarized antenna reproduced, with a reflector 1, which is flat in the embodiment shown and has a disk-shaped, ie circular structure in plan view.
- a reflector plane 1 ' is defined.
- Vivaldi antennas 5 are provided in the embodiment shown, around a perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'extending central axis Z (in FIG. 4 and 5 ) are arranged at equidistant intervals from each other.
- the four Vivaldi antennas 5 used are each arranged offset by 90 ° about the central axis Z around.
- the central axis Z is in the embodiment shown centrally and centrally to the reflector 1 and / or centrally and centrally positioned to the four Vivaldi antennas 5 and thereby aligned at right angles to the reflector plane 1 'extending.
- the Vivaldi antennas 5 are at a distance A ( FIG. 9 ) arranged in parallel alignment with the reflector plane 1 '.
- the monopole radiator 11 is arranged in the illustrated embodiment, which is hereinafter also partially referred to as monopole or radiator monopole 11. It is rotationally symmetrical to a perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'sitting axis formed and positioned. This axis is also referred to below as a vertical axis V, which in the embodiment shown is also again perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 '. As will be seen below, the vertical axis V and the central axis Z are arranged parallel to each other but with slight lateral offset.
- the monopole emitter - although it may be cylindrical or hollow cylindrical shape - in the embodiment shown conically or by type a truncated cone formed.
- the radiator sheath 13 is formed from its side facing the Vivaldi antennas mounting side or bottom portion 14 to the reflector remote from the open end 13a towards preferably flared.
- FIG. 3a is already in FIG. 2 shown monopole emitter 11 again shown separately in its axial section. It can be seen that the monopole emitter 11 is closed at its lower, the Vivaldi antennas 5 facing the end, by a flat bottom 12. The outer contour of the emitter monopoly 11 is in its bottom portion 14 even more towards Vivaldi antennas tapered, ie in the manner of a cone.
- This monopole emitter 11 can be held by means of a holding device 15, which can consist, for example, of a cylinder 15 'which, for example, is adapted in the cylinder interior to the outer contour or the jacket 15 "of the monopole 11 in its bottom region 14, with which the monopoly Emitter 11 is immersed in the holding device 15.
- This holding device 15 is preferably electrically nonconductive, ie it consists of a dielectric material
- the mentioned cylinder 15 ' is furthermore positioned and held (at least indirectly) on the Vivaldi antennas.
- the monopole emitter 11 may also have other cross-sectional shapes.
- the lower floor area 14 designed flat, not only on its inside, but also on its outer Bottom, so that there is an upwardly to the opening extended cup shape.
- Figure 3c shows a further modification of a monopole emitter 11 in side view. It can be seen that its radiator jacket 13 may have multiple bends at different heights, so that the conical or conical shape can be formed from the bottom 14 of the monopole 11 to the opposite, in the illustrated embodiment open top 23a with diverging wall sections at different angles ,
- FIG. 4 Based on FIG. 4 is the top of the Vivaldi antennas and based on FIG. 5a the bottom of the Vivaldi antennas reproduced.
- FIG. 5b shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 5a .
- Vivaldi antennas are called tapered-slot antennas (TSA), in other words so-called expanded slot antennas. These are broadband antennas. Often they are realized on a double-sided metallized substrate.
- the power of the Vivaldi antennas is realized by means of microstrip lines.
- a dielectric or substrate 23 is designed plate-shaped in the form of a printed circuit board 9.
- this substrate 23, dielectric 23 or this printed circuit board 9 in the illustrated embodiment a square shape and generally a regular n-polygonal shape, where n is a natural number> 2. It is a regular n-polygonal.
- an equilateral triangle would therefore be offered, in which the individual Vivaldi antennas are each offset by 120 ° from one another. With four Vivaldi antennas results in the square shape, etc.
- the substrate may be made of any suitable materials. It is possible that the substrate is formed for example of a plastic body. In this case, the substrate itself may be more or less strong, ie inflexible or substantially non-flexible or deformable. But it is also possible that the substrate is formed of a flexible material, so that in total can be spoken of a flexible substrate. The conductive layers are then on this flexible substrate or in the form of coatings on said plastic body, when it forms the substrate.
- this central and / or dining surface 123 the mentioned Vivaldi antennas 5 are provided and formed.
- FIGS. 4 . 5a and 5b are on this plate-shaped substrate 23 in a 90 ° distance in the circumferential direction offset from each other four Vivaldi antennas 5 are formed.
- the Vivaldi or Vivaldi-like antenna devices 5, ie generally the "tapered slot” antennas 5 in the embodiment shown include the mentioned substrate or substrate 23 (dielectric 23), in which, for example, on the side facing away from the counterweight or reflector surface 1 top 23a , So on the side of the substrate 23 on which the monopole emitter 11 is disposed, a conductive layer 27 is formed, which offset by 90 ° in the circumferential direction offset from one another radially slotted or groove-shaped recesses 29 (see FIG. 4 ).
- Each of the slot-shaped recesses 29 begins with a circular recess 33 usually adjacent to the vicinity of the center Z of the substrate 23, wherein of the four circular, also offset in the circumferential direction at 90 ° recesses 33 each outwardly funnel-shaped widening slot-shaped structure 29th goes out in the area of the substrate 23 is freed from a conductive layer.
- this circular clearance 33 the slot line 29 'formed by the slot-shaped recess 29 is completed in a broadband manner, this circular clearance 33 preferably being long by a quarter wavelength (based on an average operating wavelength).
- the slot-shaped recesses 29, which widen outwards in the shape of a funnel, extend in the radial direction, ie they are preferably symmetrical to a radial vector passing through the center Z (through which the central axis Z extends).
- the edges 29 "of the slot-shaped recess (structure) 29 delimiting the slot lines 29 ' can be designed differently for adapting the broadbandness of the antenna.
- These slot lines 29' are preferably configured widening in the shape of a funnel toward the outside, the curve of the slots delimiting the slot lines 29 ' Margins 29 "can follow an exponential function.
- each slot line 29 'via a respective slot feed line 35, the sitting of a feed point 37 (branch 37) in the center Z of the substrate 23, which extends from the central and symmetry axis Z is penetrated.
- two slot feed lines 35a in opposite directions initially with a radial line section 35a, to which in the embodiment shown in each case two perpendicular and oppositely extending second line sections 35b at another branch point 35 "connect, then
- a third, again rectangular angled, line section 35c which intersects the respective slot line 29 'transversely and preferably perpendicularly, and other, for example arcuate courses of the feed lines 35. It is decisive that they start from a feed point and cross the slot line 29 ,
- the strip lines 35 on the substrate 23 are terminated with a corresponding surface element 35d, which may be triangular or circular sector-shaped or similar ( FIG. 5b ).
- the respective multiple angled portions of the feed slot lines 35 can be made to run in the same direction in the circumferential direction, so that a next slot line section 35b and so on adjoin each radial line section 35a in the circumferential direction continuously in the same direction, whereas in the exemplary embodiment shown two points are opposite from the intersection point 35 extend running feed line sections, which then each again at a subsequent branch point 35 "in each case continue to branch line sections that cross the slot lines for feeding.
- the mentioned slot feeders 35 are on the lower side 23b of the substrate 23, that is, the reflector 1 facing lying formed, wherein formed on the opposite upper side 23a of the substrate 23 slot lines 29 'in FIG. 5a and 5b are shown in dashed lines.
- the peculiarity in the exemplary embodiment shown consists in the fact that the slot-shaped structure 29, which widened in a funnel shape from the inside to the outside, is not continuous in one plane, corresponding to the substrate plane 23 ', to one end, but rather that the conductive layer 27, which also can be formed as a sheet 127, on the boundary edges 23 "(longitudinal and transverse sides) of the printed circuit board 9, that is extended beyond the substrate 23 and now, as from FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 can be seen as an example, may extend over arcuate and / or over kinks 43 optionally with different inclination angle in the direction of reflector 1.
- the slot width ie the width of the funnel-shaped widening slot line 29 'also in the transition region where the conductive layer 27 or the electrically conductive sheet 127, the circuit board plane 9' leaves maintained.
- the slots are also steadily and continuously wider and the slot width is not extended discontinuously by forming corners or gradations.
- the exponential form from the plane is "projected" onto the sheet, so to speak. In the plan view of the antenna is a steady exponential curve to see.
- the formation may also be such that the conductive layer or surface 27 is formed on the substrate 23 at the latest at the transition into the outwardly extending extension 27a, for example in the form of a sheet metal extension 127a.
- the conductive layer 27 may be formed in the region of the substrate as a conductive layer on the substrate, and then on leaving the substrate 23 into a sufficient rigidity and load-bearing metal sheet 127 in the manner of a sheet metal extension 127a passes.
- a supporting structure may also be provided, for example using a dielectric, on which the electrically conductive layer 27 extends beyond the central and / or feeding surface 123, ie beyond the central or dining area 123 electrically conductive layer is formed.
- the slot-shaped recesses 29 and thus the slot lines 29 'after leaving the substrate 23 become increasingly faster wider.
- the conductive surface or conductive layer 27, which may be formed as mentioned in the form of a conductive sheet 127, down, that is inclined in the direction of reflector 1, the propagating through the slots 29 electromagnetic waves at the end of Slot (at the level of the substrate 23) (at the latest) begin to detach from the conductive surface 27, 127.
- the electromagnetic waves dissipate before they Reach the metal. The location at which they detach is frequency-dependent and depends on the slot width of the location in question.
- Vivaldi antenna is a tapered-slot antenna with a coplanar structure in which on a dielectric 23 on both sides of an electrically conductive structure is applied, whereby a radiation the electromagnetic waves is generated in a direction parallel to the plane of the dielectric.
- the electromagnetic waves propagate in the respective slot-shaped structures 29 in the substrate plane 23 '(which is also referred to as the feed plane 123'), these electromagnetic waves then detaching from the conductive surfaces 27, 127 and must replace, since the slot-shaped structures 29 delimiting electrically conductive surfaces 27 led out of the substrate or feed plane 23 ', 123' and aligned in the direction of reflector 1 aligned or carried away.
- the conductive layer or the conductive sheet can be mechanically connected at the end directly to the reflector, optionally even connected there galvanically.
- This also has the further advantage that the counterweight surface of the monopole 11 thereby increases.
- the monopole emitter 11 thus experiences a larger bandwidth. On the other hand, this simplifies the installation of Vivaldi spotlights.
- the monopole emitter 11 can accordingly shaped, ie be shaped differently. Due to the sloping flanks of the conductive surface 27, it is advisable that the monopole radiator 11 correspondingly widens conically from its underlying feed and anchoring point to its open end 13a remote from the reflector, so that the lateral surfaces 13 in the direction of extension are more perpendicular to the inclined plane 27 'of the conductive layer 27 are aligned outside the substrate 9 or deviate less from a vertical. This shaping is therefore desirable and preferred in order to achieve the highest possible congruence of the radiation patterns of the V and H pole emitters.
- the feed 45 for the monopole radiator 11 comprises a coaxial cable 45a, which passes through a bore 1a in the reflector 1 (FIG. FIG. 7 ) extends from the rear of the reflector 1, wherein the bore 1a can be arranged in the axial extension of the vertical axis V, which represents the axis of rotation of the monopole radiator.
- the coaxial line 45a extends through the bore 1a in the reflector 1 and, for example, a subsequent, perpendicular to the reflector plane 1 'distance and then passes through another hole 9a in the printed circuit board 9 / substrate 23 and in the conductive layer 27.
- the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected there at the feed point 11a with the electrically conductive monopole radiator 11, usually soldered.
- the monopole radiator 11 consist of electrically conductive material or of a dielectric material, which is then coated with an electrically conductive layer.
- the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 45a is connected to the ground surface of the board of the Vivaldi radiator, ie with the conductive layer 27 and with the electrically conductive sheet 127th
- the feed 47 for the Vivaldi radiators takes place here only by way of example by means of a coaxial line 47a, which leads from a second bore 1b from the back of the reflector 1, said second bore 1b is offset to the central axis Z, ie offset to the center of the disc-shaped reflector assembly, ie at least slightly offset, as out FIG. 7 to see is.
- the coaxial cable is continued in a vertical extension to the reflector plane 1 'in the direction of the substrate 23, where the coaxial cable 47a passes through the substrate 23 and the layer 27 in a second bore 23b (see FIG FIG. 7 ) to then be returned above the conductive layer 27 via an arcuate feedback 47b in the direction of the substrate 23.
- the cable should be routed as close as possible to the conductive layer in order not to influence the radiation characteristics of V-pol emitters. Since the slot feed line 35 below the printed circuit board / substrate (ie the reflector 1 facing) is provided, ie below the ground plane forming conductive layer 27 to avoid interference by the conical monopole emitter 11, the coaxial feed cable 47a Its connection end from above through a bore 27b in the electrically conductive layer 27 and in the electrically conductive sheet 127 and a coaxial bore 27c in the printed circuit board, ie the substrate passed, ie the inner conductor is performed here to the inner conductor to the Branching point 37 of the Vivaldi antennas 5 to solder from above, thus representing the feed point.
- the outer conductor is in turn connected to the ground surface, ie the conductive layer 27 (plate 127) galvanically connected, usually soldered. Since the cable routing underneath the Vivaldi emitters has hardly any influence on the antenna characteristic, since this area is virtually field-free, this simplified connection situation does not lead to a disadvantageous change in the radiation characteristic of the omnidirectional, dual-polarized antenna.
- the feed line 45 or the coaxial cable 45a for the monopole 11 as well as for the feed line 47 with the coaxial cable 47a for the Vivaldi antennas 5 can also be done in a different way than described.
- Vivaldi antennas 5 are formed from a metal sheet 127, ie without the mentioned in the previous embodiments substrate or dielectric 23.
- All Vivaldi antennas 5 a corresponding antenna arrangement may consist of a common metal sheet 127, from the punched out the overall arrangement and brought by edges and / or bending (generally deforming) in the desired shape.
- the layer 27 described on the basis of the preceding exemplary embodiments (formed on the upper side 23a of the substrate 23 in the other exemplary embodiments) is therefore also part of the metal sheet 127 in the variant according to FIG FIG. 9 ,
- the reproduced monopole 11 and the associated feed or coaxial line 45 is and can also in this embodiment FIG. 9 be designed as this has been explained with reference to the preceding embodiments.
- the power of the Vivaldi antennas can not be done via micro-lines, but by means of coaxial cable 147, for example, in the field-free space between the metal plate 127 of the Vivaldi antennas 5 and the reflector 1 run and can be merged, ie in that the coaxial cables 147 in particular in the field-free space between the reflector 1 and the central and / or dining surface 123 extend, which also consists of a metal sheet 127 in this embodiment.
- FIG. 9 thus, a common feed opening or supply 109 is provided at a corresponding aperture in the reflector 1 through which a corresponding number of coaxial cables 147 are passed, wherein the outer conductor 147a in the feed plane 123 'with the Vivaldi antennas (galvanic ), and the inner conductors 147b (similar to the previous embodiments) lead to the feeders 35 or serve as feeders 35 and are formed accordingly, and the recesses 29 in the form of the slot lines 29 'for feeding into the associated Vivaldi antennas 5 cross, preferably perpendicular cross and thereby parallel to the feed plane 123 'extend. Therefore, four coaxial cables 147 are provided in the embodiment shown when using four Vivaldi antennas.
- FIG. 10 Referenced, which corresponds to a representation FIG. 2 reproduces.
- the feed of the Vivaldi antennas 5, ie the Vivaldi emitter can also be done in other ways than by microstrip lines.
- they are interconnected in the region of the bushing 109 or even below the reflector 1. This makes it possible that the Vivaldi spotlights are completely formed from sheet metal.
- a circuit board is not absolutely necessary here.
- the Vivaldi radiators are then completely formed from a metal sheet, that is to say a metal sheet 127, a so-called substrate plane 23 'is no longer provided since the substrate 23 itself is omitted. Therefore, the plane referred to as the substrate plane 23 'in the previous embodiments is also referred to as the feed plane 123'.
- the substrate 23 or the electrically conductive surface 27 located thereon is arranged at a distance A from the reflector surface 1 ', this distance A being for example between 30 mm and 60 mm, in particular between 35 mm and 55 mm mm or between 40 mm and 50 mm. Values around 45 mm appear suitable.
- the total height G of the entire dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna may be greater than 50 mm, in particular greater than 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95 mm, 100 mm.
- the antenna according to the invention can be constructed very compact and in particular have a total height G which is smaller than 120 mm, in particular smaller than 115 mm, 110 mm, 105 mm, 100 mm, 95 mm, 90 mm.
- the actual height M of the monopole emitter 11 above the electrically conductive layer 27, 127 and thus above the substrate 23 may, for example, vary between 20 mm to 60 mm, in particular greater than 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm. However, this height is preferably less than 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm or 40 mm, for example.
- the opening width W of the monopole radiator 11 may be, for example, less than 60 mm, in particular less than 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm, 40 mm and in particular 35 mm. Values greater than 20 mm, in particular 25 mm, 30 mm or 35 mm prove to be favorable.
- the opening width W can be between 75% and 125% of the width W1 in the bottom region 12, 14, in particular between 80% and 120%, 85% and 115% or 90% and 110% or 95% and 105%, in particular be about twice as large as the width W1 in the ground area.
- a circular reflector 1 whose outer dimension RD is greater than 200 mm, in particular greater than 210 mm, 220 mm, 230 mm or 240 mm.
- a compact antenna can be realized within the scope of the invention whose diameter dimension of the reflector 1 is less than 350 mm, in particular less than 330 mm, 310 mm, 300 mm, 290 mm, 280 mm, 270 mm and in particular less than 260 mm is. Values around 250 mm are possible.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine breitbandige omnidirektionale Antenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a broadband omnidirectional antenna according to the preamble of
Omnidirektionale Antennen werden beispielsweise als Indoor-Antennen eingesetzt. Sie sind multibandfähig und können in einer vertikalen und/oder horizontalen Polarisationsausrichtung strahlen. In der Regel sind sie vor einer Grund- oder Massefläche angeordnet, die beispielsweise scheibenförmig gestaltet sein kann. Die gesamte Antennenanordnung ist dabei ferner unterhalb eines Schutzgehäuses, d.h. einer Antennenabdeckung (Radom) angeordnet.Omnidirectional antennas are used, for example, as indoor antennas. They are multiband capable and can radiate in a vertical and / or horizontal polarization orientation. In general, they are arranged in front of a ground or ground surface, which may be designed, for example, disk-shaped. The entire antenna arrangement is further below a protective housing, i. an antenna cover (radome) arranged.
Eine omnidirektionale und dabei vertikal polarisierte Antenne ist dabei beispielsweise aus der
Eine insoweit vergleichbare omnidirektionale Indoor-Antenne ist beispielsweise aus der
Eine breitbandige, dualpolarisierte omnidirektionale Antennenanordnung ist auch aus der
Eine omnidirektionale Antennenanordnung ist auch noch aus der
Eine gattungsbildende omnidirektionale und dabei dualpolarisierte Antennenanordnung ist schließlich in der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es ausgehend von dem vorstehend genannten gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik eine nochmals verbesserte omnidirektionale und dabei dualpolarisierte Antenne zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is to provide a further improved omnidirectional and dual-polarized antenna on the basis of the aforementioned generic state of the art.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved according to the features specified in
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird nochmals eine deutliche Verbesserung gegenüber den herkömmlichen omnidirektionalen Antennen erzielt.The present invention again achieves a significant improvement over the conventional omnidirectional antennas.
Dabei zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße omnidirektionale Antenne dadurch aus, dass sie bei insgesamt verringertem benötigten Bauraum nochmals sehr viel breitbandiger ist. Beispielsweise kann der vertikal polarisierte Strahler problemlos in einem Frequenzbereich von 790 MHz bis 960 MHz und von 1710 MHz bis 2700 MHz eingesetzt werden. Die horizontal polarisierte Strahlereinrichtung kann beispielsweise in einem Frequenzbereich von 1710 MHz bis 2700 MHz betrieben werden. Aber auch diese Werte sind nur beispielhaft, da die erfindungsgemäße Antenne auf diese Frequenzbereiche nicht beschränkt ist.In this case, the omnidirectional antenna according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that it is once again very much more broadband with a total of the required installation space. For example, the vertically polarized radiator can be easily used in a frequency range of 790 MHz to 960 MHz and from 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz. The horizontally polarized radiator device can be operated for example in a frequency range of 1710 MHz to 2700 MHz. But even these values are only exemplary, since the antenna according to the invention is not limited to these frequency ranges.
Die vorliegende omnidirektionale Antenne zeichnet sich ferner dadurch aus, dass vor einer Reflektorebene, beispielsweise einer scheibenförmigen flachen Reflektorebene im Abstand dazu mindestens zwei in Umfangsrichtung um eine Zentralachse versetzt zueinander liegende Vivaldi-Antennen angeordnet sind. Oberhalb der Ebene dieser Vivaldi-Antennen ist dann der monopolförmige und vertikal polarisierte Strahler positioniert.The present omnidirectional antenna is further distinguished by the fact that in front of a reflector plane, for example a disk-shaped flat reflector plane at a distance therefrom, at least two Vivaldi antennas offset in the circumferential direction about a central axis are arranged. Above the level of these Vivaldi antennas then the monopole-shaped and vertically polarized radiator is positioned.
Bevorzugt umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Antenne für horizontal polarisierte Strahler zumindest drei oder zumindest vier in Umfangsrichtung der Zentralachse zueinander liegende Vivaldi-Antennen. Vivaldi-Antennen werden bekanntermaßen auch als Tapered-Slot-Antennen (TSA) bezeichnet, die über eine Schlitzleitung gespeist werden. Die eigentliche Antenne ist dabei ein zweidimensionales Exponentialhorn, bei welchem also die von der Einspeisestelle nach außen weg laufende schlitzförmige Struktur sich hornmäßig erweitert.Preferably, the antenna according to the invention for horizontally polarized radiators at least three or at least four in the circumferential direction of the central axis to each other lying Vivaldi antennas. Vivaldi antennas are also known as tapered-slot antennas (TSA), which are fed via a slot line. The actual antenna is in this case a two-dimensional exponential horn, in which the slot-shaped structure running away from the feed point to the outside expands horn-like.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Vivaldi-Antennen weisen die Besonderheit auf, dass der Schlitz, der in das Exponentialhorn übergeht, nicht ausschließlich in einer zum Reflektor parallelen Ebene verläuft, sondern die verbleibenden, elektrisch leitfähigen und den Schlitz sowie das Exponentialhorn begrenzenden Flächen bogenförmig oder über Abstufungen (Knickungen) in Richtung Reflektor verlaufen.The Vivaldi antennas according to the invention have the peculiarity that the slot which merges into the exponential horn, not only extends in a plane parallel to the reflector, but the remaining, electrically conductive and the slot and the exponential horn delimiting surfaces arcuate or gradations (kinks ) in the direction of the reflector.
Durch dieses Konstruktionsprinzip ist es möglich, dass sich die in dem Schlitzhorn ausbreitenden Wellen am Ende des Schlitzes komplett von der leitenden Fläche lösen. Die den Schlitz und das Horn seitlich begrenzenden leitenden Flächen können von daher bis zum Reflektor verlängert werden. Diese leitenden Flächen der Vivaldi-Antennen dienen gleichzeitig dem Monopol als Gegengewichtsfläche. Die Möglichkeit der Verlängerung dieser leitenden Flächen bis zum Reflektor bietet ferner den Vorteil, dass die Gegengewichtsfläche des Monopols, der sich über die Vivaldi-Antennen erhebt, vergrößert wird. Dadurch lässt sich wiederum eine größere Bandbreite erzielen. Zudem wird die Montage der Vivaldi-Strahler hierdurch vereinfacht.By this design principle, it is possible that the waves propagating in the slot horn completely detach from the conductive surface at the end of the slot. The laterally delimiting the slot and the horn conductive surfaces can therefore be extended to the reflector. These conductive surfaces of the Vivaldi antennas also serve the monopoly as a counterweight surface. The possibility of extending these conductive surfaces to the reflector also offers the advantage that the counterweight surface of the monopole, the rises above the Vivaldi antennas, is increased. This, in turn, allows a greater bandwidth to be achieved. In addition, the installation of Vivaldi spotlights is simplified.
Der monopolförmige Strahler kann alle geeigneten Formen aufweisen. Bevorzugt ist er rotationssymmetrisch um eine Zentralachse herum verlaufend ausgebildet. Bevorzugt ist er dabei nicht nur zylinderförmig, sondern zumindest leicht kegelig gestaltet, so dass seine Mantelfläche von der dem Reflektor bzw. den Vivaldi-Antennen zugewandt liegenden Seite zu seiner offenen Seite hin divergierend ausgestaltet ist.The monopole radiator may have any suitable shapes. Preferably, it is designed to be rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. In this case, it is preferably not only cylindrical, but at least slightly conical, so that its lateral surface is designed diverging from the side facing the reflector or the Vivaldi antennas toward its open side.
Ebenso ist es möglich Monopole zu verwenden, die eine abgestufte oder geknickte Außenkontur aufweisen, von einem stärker divergierenden Kegelabschnitt in einen leichter divergierenden Kegelabschnitt übergehen. Weitere Abwandlungen können dabei umgesetzt werden.It is also possible to use monopoles which have a stepped or kinked outer contour, pass from a more divergent cone portion into a more easily diverging cone portion. Further modifications can be implemented.
Grundsätzlich wird durch die Form des Monopols, die Form der Vivaldi-Strahler und den Abstand zum Reflektor die Strahlungscharakteristik des V- und H-Pol-Strahlers beeinflusst. Dualpolarisierte Antennen werden vorwiegend für MIMO-Anwendungen genutzt, bei denen in der Regel eine möglichst hohe Deckungsgleichheit im Fernfeld gefordert wird. Durch geeignete Wahl der o.g. Parameter kann bei dieser Antenne die Deckungsgleichheit in den Vertikaldiagrammen verbessert werden.In principle, the shape of the monopole, the shape of the Vivaldi radiators and the distance from the reflector influence the radiation characteristics of the V and H pole radiators. Dual polarized antennas are mainly used for MIMO applications, which usually require the highest possible level of coverage in the far field. By a suitable choice of o.g. Parameter can be improved in this antenna, the congruence in the vertical diagrams.
Zusammenfassend kann also festgehalten werden, dass die wichtigsten Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung in der Verkleinerung der Antennenanordnung, in dem Zusammenwirken und der Doppelnutzung der Strahlerelemente sowie in der speziellen Form des horizontal polarisierten Strahlers liegen. Dabei lässt sich im Rahmen der Erfindung ferner die Bandbreite des vertikal polarisierten Strahlers durch Verlängerung der Gegengewichtsfläche bis zum Reflektor ebenfalls vergrößern.In summary, it can be stated that the most important advantages of the solution according to the invention are the reduction of the antenna arrangement, in the interaction and the double use of the radiator elements and in the special form of the horizontally polarized radiator. In the context of the invention, the bandwidth of the vertically polarized radiator can also be increased by extending the counterweight surface to the reflector.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen im Einzelnen:
- Figur 1:
- eine räumliche Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen omnidirektionalen, dualpolarisierten Antenne;
- Figur 2:
- eine Seitenansicht des Ausführungsbeispiels nach
;Figur 1 - Figuren 3a bis 3c:
- drei Darstellungen eines unterschiedlich geformten Monopols;
- Figur 4:
- eine Draufsicht auf die anhand von
gezeigte erfindungsgemäße Antenne;Figur 1 und 2 - Figur 5a:
- eine Unteransicht der Antenne bei quasi durchsichtigem Reflektor;
- Figur 5b:
- eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung aus Figur 5a;
- Figur 6:
- eine axiale Schnittdarstellung durch den Monopol sowie den Zentralabschnitt der Vivaldi-Antennen zur Verdeutlichung der Speisung des Monopols;
- Figur 7:
- eine Draufsicht auf den Reflektor unter Einzeichnung zweier Ausnehmungen, durch die die Speiseleitung für die vertikal polarisierten und die horizontal polarisierten Strahler durchgeführt sind;
- Figur 8:
- eine entsprechende Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Einspeisung der Vivaldi-Antennen;
- Figur 9:
- eine zu
Figur 2 ähnliche vertikale Schnittdarstellung durch die Antenne, wobei die horizontal polarisierten Strahler aus einem Blech bestehen und die Schlitze abweichend zuFiguren 7 und 8 über Kabel gespeist sind; und - Figur 10:
- eine entsprechende Darstellung (Seitendarstellung) zu
Figur 2 , in der noch gewisse Abstände und Höhen eingezeichnet sind, die der Beschreibung von Bemaßungsangaben bezüglich der erläuterten omnidirektionalen Antenne dienen.
- FIG. 1:
- a spatial representation of the omnidirectional, dual-polarized antenna according to the invention;
- FIG. 2:
- a side view of the embodiment according to
FIG. 1 ; - FIGS. 3a to 3c:
- three representations of a differently shaped monopole;
- FIG. 4:
- a plan view of the basis of
FIGS. 1 and 2 shown antenna according to the invention; - FIG. 5a
- a bottom view of the antenna with a quasi-transparent reflector;
- FIG. 5b:
- an enlarged detail of Figure 5a;
- FIG. 6:
- an axial sectional view through the monopole and the central portion of the Vivaldi antennas to illustrate the feeding of the monopoly;
- FIG. 7:
- a plan view of the reflector with the drawing of two recesses through which the feed line for the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized radiators are performed;
- FIG. 8:
- a corresponding representation to illustrate the supply of Vivaldi antennas;
- FIG. 9:
- one too
FIG. 2 similar vertical sectional view through the antenna, wherein the horizontally polarized radiator consist of a sheet and the slots deviating toFIGS. 7 and 8 powered by cable; and - FIG. 10:
- a corresponding representation (page presentation) too
FIG. 2 , in which certain distances and heights are still drawn, which are used to describe dimension information with respect to the described omnidirectional antenna.
In
Im Abstand oberhalb der Reflektorebene 1' sind im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel vier Vivaldi-Antennen 5 vorgesehen, die um eine senkrecht zur Reflektorebene 1' verlaufende Zentralachse Z (in
Die Vivaldi-Antennen 5 sind dabei in einem Abstand A (
Oberhalb der Vivaldi-Antennen 5 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der monopolförmige Strahler 11 angeordnet, der nachfolgend teilweise auch als Monopol oder Strahler-Monopol 11 bezeichnet wird. Er ist rotationssymmetrisch zu einer senkrecht zur Reflektorebene 1' sitzenden Achse ausgebildet und positioniert. Diese Achse wird nachfolgend auch als Vertikalachse V bezeichnet, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls wiederum senkrecht zur Reflektorebene 1' steht. Wie es sich nachfolgend noch ergibt, sind die Vertikalachse V und die Zentralachse Z parallel, aber mit leichtem Seitenversatz zueinander angeordnet.Above the
Wie sich bereits aus der Darstellung gemäß
In
Gehalten werden kann dieser Monopol-Strahler 11 mittels einer Halteeinrichtung 15, die beispielsweise aus einem Zylinder 15' bestehen kann, der beispielsweise im Zylinderinnenraum an die Außenkontur oder den Mantel 15" des Monopols 11 in dessen Bodenbereich 14 angepasst ist, mit dem der Monopol-Strahler 11 in die Halteeinrichtung 15 eintaucht. Diese Halteeinrichtung 15 ist bevorzugt elektrisch nicht leitfähig, besteht also aus einem dielektrischen Material. Der erwähnte Zylinder 15' ist ferner auf den Vivaldi-Antennen (zumindest mittelbar) positioniert und gehalten.This
Anhand von
Nachfolgend soll auf den Aufbau der Vivaldi-Antennen 5 eingegangen werden.Subsequently, the structure of the
Anhand von
Bekanntermaßen stellen Vivaldi-Antennen sogenannte Tapered-Slot-Antennen dar (TSA), also sogenannte aufgeweitete Schlitz-Antennen. Es handelt sich dabei um Breitband-Antennen. Häufig werden sie auf einem doppelseitig metallisierten Substrat realisiert.As is known, Vivaldi antennas are called tapered-slot antennas (TSA), in other words so-called expanded slot antennas. These are broadband antennas. Often they are realized on a double-sided metallized substrate.
Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Speisung der Vivaldi-Antennen mittels Microstrip-Leitungen realisiert. Ein Dielektrikum oder Substrat 23 ist in Form einer Leiterplatine 9 plattenförmig gestaltet. In Draufsicht weist dieses Substrat 23, Dielektrikum 23 oder diese Leiterplatine 9 im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine quadratische Form und im Allgemeinen eine regelmä-βige n-polygonale Form auf, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl >2 ist. Es handelt sich dabei um ein regelmäßiges n-Polygonal. Bei drei Vivaldi-Antennen, die um die Zentralachse Z angeordnet sind, würde sich also ein gleichseitiges Dreieck anbieten, bei welchem die einzelnen Vivaldi-Antennen jeweils um 120° versetzt zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Bei vier Vivaldi Antennen ergibt sich die quadratische Form usw.In the illustrated embodiment, the power of the Vivaldi antennas is realized by means of microstrip lines. A dielectric or
Das Substrat kann aus allen geeigneten Materialien bestehen. Möglich ist, dass das Substrat beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff-Körper gebildet ist. Dabei kann das Substrat selbst mehr oder weniger fest sein, also unbiegsam oder im Wesentlichen nicht biegsam oder verformbar. Möglich ist aber auch, dass das Substrat aus einem flexiblen Material gebildet ist, so dass insgesamt von einem flexiblen Substrat gesprochen werden kann. Die leitenden Schichten befinden sich dann auf diesem flexiblen Substrat bzw. in Form von Beschichtungen auf dem erwähnten Kunststoff-Körper, wenn dieser das Substrat bildet.The substrate may be made of any suitable materials. It is possible that the substrate is formed for example of a plastic body. In this case, the substrate itself may be more or less strong, ie inflexible or substantially non-flexible or deformable. But it is also possible that the substrate is formed of a flexible material, so that in total can be spoken of a flexible substrate. The conductive layers are then on this flexible substrate or in the form of coatings on said plastic body, when it forms the substrate.
Die Oberseite 23a des erwähnten Substrats 23, welches in Form einer Leiterplatine 9 gebildet ist, bildet somit eine Speiseebene 123' mit einer Zentral- und/oder Speise-Fläche 123, die wie erläutert bevorzugt nach Art eines regelmäßigen n-Polygonals gebildet ist. In dieser Zentral- und/oder Speise-Fläche 123 sind die erwähnten Vivaldi-Antennen 5 vorgesehen und ausgebildet.The
Entsprechend
Die Vivaldi- oder Vivaldi-ähnlichen Antenneneinrichtungen 5, also allgemein die "tapered slot"-Antennen 5 umfassen im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel das erwähnte Trägermaterial oder Substrat 23 (Dielektrikum 23), bei welchem z.B. auf der zur Gegengewichts- oder Reflektorfläche 1 abgewandt liegenden Oberseite 23a, also auf der Seite des Substrates 23 auf der auch der Monopol-Strahler 11 angeordnet ist, eine leitfähige Schicht 27 ausgebildet ist, die um 90° in Umfangsrichtung versetzt zueinander liegende radiale schlitz- oder nutförmige Ausnehmungen 29 aufweist (siehe
Dabei ist in
Die die Schlitzleitungen 29' begrenzenden Ränder 29" der schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung (Struktur) 29 können zur Anpassung der Breitbandigkeit der Antenne unterschiedlich gestaltet sein. Bevorzugt sind diese Schlitzleitungen 29' nach außen hin trichterförmig sich erweiternd gestaltet, wobei der Kurvenverlauf der die Schlitzleitungen 29' begrenzenden Ränder 29" einer exponentialen Funktion folgen kann.The
Die Speisung jeder Schlitzleitung 29' erfolgt über jeweils eine Schlitz-Speiseleitung 35, die von einem Speisepunkt 37 (Verzweigung 37) im Zentrum Z des Substrats 23 sitzend ausgeht, der von der Zentral- und Symmetrieachse Z durchsetzt wird. Davon ausgehend verlaufen von einer ersten Verzweigungsstelle 35' ausgehend, zwei Schlitz-Speiseleitungen 35a gegensinnig zunächst mit einem radialen Leitungsabschnitt 35a, an den sich im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils zwei dazu rechtwinklig und gegensinnig verlaufende zweite Leitungsabschnitte 35b an einer weiteren Verzweigungsstelle 35" anschließen, um dann in einen dazu dritten, nochmals rechtwinklig abgewinkelten Leitungsabschnitt 35c überzugehen, der die jeweilige Schlitzleitung 29' quer und bevorzugt senkrecht schneidet. Andere, beispielsweise bogenförmige Verläufe der Speiseleitungen 35 sind ebenfalls möglich. Entscheidend ist, dass sie von einem Speisepunkt ausgehen und die Schlitzleitung 29 queren.The feeding of each slot line 29 'via a respective
Um die Breitbandigkeit dieser Vivaldi-Antennen 5 zu verbessern ist vorgesehen, dass die auf dem Substrat 23 streifenleitungsförmigen Schlitzleitungen 35 mit einem entsprechenden Flächenelement 35d abgeschlossen sind, welches dreieck- oder kreissektorförmig oder ähnlich ausgebildet sein kann (
Die jeweiligen mehrfachen Abwinklungen der Speiseschlitzleitungen 35 können in Umfangsrichtung jeweils im gleichen Sinne verlaufend erfolgen, so dass sich an jeden radialen Leitungsabschnitt 35a in Umfangsrichtung fortlaufend in gleicher Richtung ein nächster Schlitzleitungsabschnitt 35b usw. anschließt, wohingegen im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel von dem Kreuzungspunkt 35 jeweils zwei entgegengesetzt verlaufende Speiseleitungsabschnitte ausgehen, die sich dann jeweils nochmals an einem nachfolgenden Verzweigungspunkt 35" in jeweils weiter Leitungsabschnitte verzweigen, die die Schlitzleitungen zur Einspeisung kreuzen.The respective multiple angled portions of the
Die erwähnten Schlitz-Speiseleitungen 35 sind dabei auf der unteren Seite 23b des Substrates 23, also dem Reflektor 1 zugewandt liegend ausgebildet, wobei die auf der gegenüberliegenden oberen Seite 23a des Substrats 23 ausgebildeten Schlitz-Leitungen 29' in
Die Besonderheit im gezeigten Ausführungsbespiel besteht nun darin, dass die sich von innen nach außen trichterförmig erweiternde schlitzförmige Struktur 29 nicht durchgängig in einer Ebene, entsprechend der Substrat-ebene 23' bis zu einem Ende weitergeführt ist, sondern dass die leitfähige Schicht 27, die auch als Blech 127 ausgebildet sein kann, über die Begrenzungskanten 23" (Längs- und Querseiten) der Leiterplatine 9, d.h. über das Substrat 23 hinaus verlängert ist und dabei nunmehr, wie aus
Wie aus den Darstellungen zu ersehen ist, werden die schlitzförmigen Ausnehmungen 29 und damit die Schlitzleitungen 29' nach Verlassen des Substrates 23 zunehmend schneller breiter.As can be seen from the illustrations, the slot-shaped
Da wie geschildert die leitende Fläche bzw. die leitende Schicht 27, die wie erwähnt in Form eines leitfähigen Bleches 127 ausgebildet sein kann, nach unten, also in Richtung Reflektor 1 geneigt verläuft, können die sich über die Schlitze 29 ausbreitenden elektromagnetischen Wellen am Ende des Schlitzes (in Höhe des Substrates 23) (spätestens) beginnen, sich von der leitenden Fläche 27, 127 abzulösen. Im Konkreten lösen sich die elektromagnetischen Wellen allerdings schon ab, bevor sie das Blech erreichen. Die Stelle, an der sie sich ablösen, ist frequenzabhängig und hängt von der Schlitzbreite der betreffenden Stelle ab. Denn bei einer Vivaldi-Antenne, so wie sie in üblicher Weise eingesetzt wird, handelt es sich um eine tapered-slot-Antenne mit einer koplanaren Struktur, bei welcher auf einem Dielektrikum 23 auf beiden Seiten eine elektrisch leitfähige Struktur aufgebracht ist, wodurch eine Abstrahlung der elektromagnetischen Wellen in einer parallelen Richtung zur Ebene des Dielektrikums erzeugt wird. Auch im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel breiten sich die elektromagnetischen Wellen in den jeweiligen schlitzförmigen Strukturen 29 in der Substrat-Ebene 23' aus (die auch als Speise-Ebene 123' bezeichnet wird), wobei sich diese elektromagnetischen Wellen dann von den leitenden Flächen 27, 127 ablösen und ablösen müssen, da die die schlitzförmigen Strukturen 29 begrenzenden elektrisch leitfähigen Flächen 27 aus der Substrats- oder Speise-Ebene 23', 123' herausgeführt und in Richtung Reflektor 1 verlaufend ausgerichtet bzw. weggeführt werden. Die Ablösung der elektromagnetischen Wellen ist - wie bereits erwähnt - frequenzabhängig. Die größte Schlitzbreite am Ende des Blechs bestimmt damit die untere Grenzfrequenz. Bis zu dieser Stelle haben sich somit alle gewünschten Frequenzen vom Strahler gelöst. Da sich die elektromagnetischen Wellen also letztlich völlig von der leitenden Fläche 27 ablösen, da - wie erläutert - diese leitende Fläche 27 zunehmend weiter sich von der Leiterplatinenebene 9', d.h. der Substrat- oder Speise-Ebene 23', 123' in Richtung Reflektorebene 1' entfernt, ist es möglich, diese leitende Fläche 27 oder das leitfähige Blech 127 mittels einer Verlängerung 27a bzw. 127a zu versehen, die bis zum Reflektor 1 verlängert ist. D.h. mit anderen Worten, dass die leitfähige Schicht oder das leitfähige Blech am Ende direkt mit dem Reflektor mechanisch verbunden werden kann, gegebenenfalls sogar galvanisch dort angeschlossen ist. Dies hat zudem den weiteren Vorteil, dass sich die Gegengewichtsfläche des Monopols 11 hierdurch vergrößert. Der Monopol-Strahler 11 erfährt dadurch eine größere Bandbreite. Zum anderen vereinfacht sich dadurch die Montage der Vivaldi-Strahler.Since, as described, the conductive surface or
Je nachdem, welche geometrische Form die leitende Fläche 27 mit der radialen Erweiterung 27a bzw. welche Form die leitfähigen Bleche 127 mit einer entsprechenden Erweiterung 127a aufweisen, die gleichzeitig dadurch die Gegengewichtsfläche für den Monopol-Strahler 11 bildet, kann der Monopol-Strahler 11 entsprechend geformt, d.h. unterschiedlich geformt sein. Durch die abfallenden Flanken der leitenden Fläche 27 bietet sich an, dass der monopolförmige Strahler 11 entsprechend von seiner untenliegenden Speise- und Verankerungsstelle zu seinem dem Reflektor entfernt liegenden offenen Ende 13a sich konisch erweitert, so dass die Mantelflächen 13 in Erstreckungsrichtung eher senkrecht zur geneigten Ebene 27' der leitenden Schicht 27 außerhalb des Substrates 9 ausgerichtet sind oder weniger von einer Senkrechten abweichen. Diese Formgebung ist auch deshalb gewünscht und bevorzugt, um eine möglichst hohe Deckungsgleichheit der Strahlungsdiagramme der V- und H-Pol-Strahler zu erreichen.Depending on which geometric shape the
Anhand von
In
Die Anspeisung 47 für die Vivaldi-Strahler erfolgt hier nur beispielhaft mittels einer Koaxialleitung 47a, die durch eine zweite Bohrung 1b von der Rückseite des Reflektors 1 ausgehend führt, wobei diese zweite Bohrung 1b zur Zentralachse Z, d.h. zum Mittelpunkt der scheibenförmigen Reflektoranordnung versetzt liegt, d.h. zumindest leicht versetzt liegt, wie aus
Die Verlegung der Koaxialkabel, d.h. der Speiseleitung 45 bzw. des Koaxialkabels 45a für den Monopol 11 wie aber auch für die Speiseleitung 47 mit dem Koaxialkabel 47a für die Vivaldi-Antennen 5 kann aber auch auf einem anderen Weg als geschildert erfolgen.The laying of the coaxial cables, i. However, the
Nachfolgend wird auf
Der wiedergegebene Monopol 11 sowie die zugehörige Speise- oder Koaxialleitung 45 ist und kann auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nach
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nach
Nachfolgend wird auf
Daraus ist also ersichtlich, dass die Speisung der Vivaldi-Antennen 5, d.h. der Vivaldi-Strahler auch auf andere Weise als durch Microstrip-Leitungen erfolgen kann. Wie geschildet, ist es auch möglich, jede Schlitzleitung 35 mit einem Kabel zu speisen, das mit dem Innenleiter des zugehörigen Koaxialkabels 147 verbunden ist oder aus dem Innenleiter 147b des zugehörigen Koaxialkabels 147 besteht, wobei die einzelnen Koaxialkabel 147 dann an anderer Stelle zusammengeschaltet werden können, beispielsweise im feldfreien Raum zwischen dem Reflektor und dem Blech. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind sie im Bereich der Durchführung 109 oder sogar unterhalb des Reflektors 1 zusammengeschaltet. Dadurch ist es also möglich, dass die Vivaldi-Strahler komplett aus Blech geformt sind. Eine Platine ist hierbei nicht zwingend nötig. Wenn die Vivaldi-Strahler dann komplett aus einem Blech, also einem Metallblech 127 geformt sind, ist auch eine sogenannte Substrat-Ebene 23' nicht mehr vorgesehen, da ja das Substrat 23 selbst wegfällt. Von daher wird die in den vorausgegangenen Ausführungsbeispielen als Substrat-Ebene 23' bezeichnete Ebene auch als Speise-Ebene 123' bezeichnet.It can therefore be seen that the feed of the
In dem geschilderten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Daraus ist zu ersehen, dass beispielsweise das Substrat 23 bzw. die sich darauf befindliche elektrisch leitfähige Fläche 27 in einem Abstand A gegenüber der Reflektorfläche 1' angeordnet ist, wobei dieser Abstand A beispielsweise zwischen 30 mm und 60 mm, insbesondere zwischen 35 mm und 55 mm oder zwischen 40 mm und 50 mm liegen kann. Werte um 45 mm erscheinen geeignet.From this it can be seen that, for example, the
Die Gesamthöhe G der gesamten dualpolarisierten omnidirektionalen Antenne kann beispielsweise größer als 50 mm, insbesondere größer als 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95 mm, 100 mm sein. Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne kann allerdings sehr kompakt aufgebaut sein und insbesondere eine Gesamthöhe G aufweisen, die kleiner ist als 120 mm, insbesondere kleiner ist als 115 mm, 110 mm, 105 mm, 100 mm, 95 mm, 90 mm.For example, the total height G of the entire dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna may be greater than 50 mm, in particular greater than 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95 mm, 100 mm. However, the antenna according to the invention can be constructed very compact and in particular have a total height G which is smaller than 120 mm, in particular smaller than 115 mm, 110 mm, 105 mm, 100 mm, 95 mm, 90 mm.
Die eigentliche Höhe M des Monopol-Strahlers 11 oberhalb der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht 27, 127 und damit oberhalb des Substrats 23 kann beispielsweise zwischen 20 mm bis 60 mm variieren, insbesondere größer sein als 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm. Bevorzugt ist diese Höhe jedoch kleiner als 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm oder beispielsweise 40 mm.The actual height M of the
Die Öffnungsweite W des Monopol-Strahlers 11 kann beispielsweise kleiner als 60 mm, insbesondere kleiner als 55 mm, 50 mm, 45 mm, 40 mm und insbesondere 35 mm sein. Werte größer als 20 mm, insbesondere 25 mm, 30 mm oder 35 mm erweisen sich als günstig. Dabei kann die Öffnungsweite W zwischen 75 % und 125 % der Weite W1 im Bodenbereich 12, 14 sein, insbesondere zwischen 80 % und 120 %, 85 % und 115 % oder 90 % und 110 % bzw. 95 % und 105 % schwanken, insbesondere ungefähr doppelt so groß sein wie die Weite W1 im Bodenbereich.The opening width W of the
Die Länge K, d.h. die Kantenlänge 23' des Substrats 23, also der Leiterplatine 9, kann im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel zwischen 30 mm und 70 mm bevorzugt variieren, also vorzugsweise größer sein als 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm. Andererseits sollte diese Kantenlänge zur Herstellung einer kompakten Antennengröße kleiner als 65 mm, 60 mm oder 55 mm sein. Werte um 50 mm erweisen sich als günstig.The length K, ie, the edge length 23 'of the
Unter Berücksichtigung der vorstehend genannten Daten ist es möglich, beispielsweise einen kreisförmigen Reflektor 1 zu verwenden, dessen Außenmaß RD größer als 200 mm, insbesondere größer als 210 mm, 220 mm, 230 mm oder 240 mm ist. Vor allem lässt sich aber eine kompakte Antenne im Rahmen der Erfindung realisieren, deren Durchmessermaß des Reflektors 1 kleiner als 350 mm, insbesondere kleiner als 330 mm, 310 mm, 300 mm, 290 mm, 280 mm, 270 mm und insbesondere kleiner als 260 mm ist. Werte um 250 mm sind möglich.Considering the above-mentioned data, it is possible to use, for example, a
Claims (25)
- Broadband omnidirectional antenna having the following features:- comprising a monopole radiator (11) which is vertically polarised,- comprising at least two horizontally polarised radiators which are positioned around a central axis so as to be mutually offset in the circumferential direction (Z),- comprising a reflector (1), in front of which the at least two horizontally polarised radiators and the monopole radiator (11) are arranged at the distance (A),characterised by the following further features:- the at least two horizontally polarised radiators each comprise a Vivaldi antenna (5),- the Vivaldi antennae (5) comprise a central and/or supply surface (123), which forms a supply plane (123') in which an electrically conductive layer (27, 127) having slot lines (29') which widen in the radiation direction is formed or provided,- the supply plane (123') is arranged at a distance (A) from the reflector (1), and- the electrically conductive layer (27, 127) is guided out of the supply plane (123'), preferably at least by means of a component in the direction of the reflector (1), so as to form at least one arcuate and/or bent extension (27a, 127a).
- Antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the electrically conductive layer (27) is formed on a substrate (23), preferably on the upper side (23a) of the substrate (23) facing the monopole (11).
- Antenna according to claim 2, characterised in that the extensions (27a, 127a), guided out beyond the central and/or supply surface (123) and thus the supply plane (123'), are in the form of a metal sheet (127).
- Antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the Vivaldi antennae (5) in the central and/or supply surface (123) and the extensions (127a) projecting therebeyond are formed as a whole from a metal sheet (127) or comprise a metal sheet (127).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the electrically conductive layer (27, 127) defining the slot lines (29') and the extensions (27a, 127a) proceeding therefrom lead as far as the reflector (1) and are preferably connected both mechanically rigidly and electrogalvanically to the reflector (1), preferably soldered thereto.
- Antenna according to any of claims 2, 3 or 5, characterised in that the central and/or supply surface (123) having the electrically conductive layer (27, 127) formed in this region is formed on the upper side (23a) of the substrate (23).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the central and/or supply surface (123) has a regular n-gon shape in a vertical plan view, n being a number > 2 and n corresponding to the number of Vivaldi antennae (5).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the monopole radiator (11) is arranged and/or held directly or at least indirectly on the central and/or supply surface (123), which is formed from the electrically conductive layer (27) on the upper side of the substrate (23) or from a metal sheet (127).
- Antenna according to claim 8, characterised in that the monopole radiator (11) is arranged on the central and/or supply surface (123) at least indirectly by means of an electrically non-conductive and/or dielectric holding device (15).
- Antenna according to either claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the monopole radiator (11) is rotationally symmetrical.
- Antenna according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that, progressing away from the reflector (1) or from the substrate (23), the monopole radiator (11) is widened conically or has conically widened portions.
- Antenna according to claim 11, characterised in that, proceeding from the mounting side thereof facing the substrate (23) to the free end (13a) thereof, the monopole radiator (11) comprises successive conical portions having a different angle of inclination.
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the monopole radiator (11) comprises a radiator casing (13) and is hollow in the internal region of the radiator casing (13) proceeding from the side thereof opposite the mounting side.
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the slot-shaped structure (29) of the Vivaldi antennae (5) is formed on the side of the substrate (23) facing the monopole radiator (11).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the slot supply lines (35, 35a, 35b, 35c) are formed on the side of the substrate (23) facing the reflector (1).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the slot lines (29') each proceed from a preferably circular free space (33).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the widened slot lines (29') of the Vivaldi antennae (5) start in the central and/or supply surface (123) and pass through air after leaving this central and/or supply surface (123) and in particular after leaving the substrate (23).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the Vivaldi antennae (5) are arranged around a central axis (Z) so as to be mutually offset at equal distances in the circumferential direction, passing centrally through the substrate (23), and in that the vertical axis (V), which is parallel to the central axis (Z), of the monopole radiator (11) is arranged eccentrically offset from said central axis.
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the monopole radiator (11) is powered via a coaxial supply line (47, 47a), the internal conductor of which is connected to the underside of the monopole radiator (11) and the external conductor of which is electrogalvanically connected to electrically conductive surfaces (27) on the substrate (23).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that a coaxial supply line (47, 47a) for the Vivaldi antennae (5) is passed via an eccentric hole in the substrate (23) onto the upper side of the substrate (23) and via an arcuate return (47b) and a further hole (27b, 27c) in the printed circuit board, whereby the internal conductor is electrogalvanically connected to the slot supply lines (35) on the underside of the substrate (23) and the external conductor is electrogalvanically connected to the electrically conductive layer (27) on the upper side of the substrate (23).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that coaxial supply lines (147) are provided for the Vivaldi antennae (5) and pass through air in the region between the reflector (1) and the central region surface and/or supply region surface (123), the associated internal conductors (147b) of these coaxial cables (147) being electrically connected or coupled to the relevant slot supply line (35) of an associated Vivaldi antenna (5) or forming the associated slot supply line (35).
- Antenna according to claim 21, characterised in that the coaxial cables (147) providing the power supply to the Vivaldi antennae (5) are brought together or interconnected on the side of the reflector (1) facing away from the monopole radiator (11).
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that, in a plan view of the antenna, the edges (29") delimiting the slot lines (29') of the Vivaldi antennae (5) form a continuous, preferably exponential curve, in the region in which the electrically conductive layer (27, 127) leaves the central and/or supply surface (123), in particular in the form of the upper side (123a) of the substrate (23), and transitions into the extensions (27a, 127a)
- Antenna according to any of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that at least portions of the extensions (27a, 127a) and in particular over 75 % of the length thereof, pass out of the supply plane (123') in the direction of the reflector (1) in an angular range of more than 10°, in particular more than 20°, 30° or 40° and in particular in an angular range of less than 80°, 70°, 60° or less than 50°, in particular about 45°.
- Antenna according to claim 24, characterised in that the conductive layer (27) is located on a flexible substrate (23) and/or the conductive layer (27) is formed as a coating on a substrate which consists of or comprises a plastics material body.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013012308.9A DE102013012308A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Broadband omnidirectional antenna |
PCT/EP2014/001733 WO2015010761A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2014-06-26 | Broadband omnidirectional antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3025394A1 EP3025394A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
EP3025394B1 true EP3025394B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
Family
ID=51162681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14736620.7A Active EP3025394B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2014-06-26 | Broadband omnidirectional antenna |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9748666B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3025394B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105393406B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013012308A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015010761A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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CN105140628B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2018-07-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of micro-strip omnidirectional antenna and communication device |
US10042095B2 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-08-07 | Raytheon Company | Dual mode optical and RF reflector |
DE102016114093B4 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-01-16 | Huber + Suhner Ag | Broadband omnidirectional antenna, in particular for rail vehicles and such a rail vehicle |
EP3610535B1 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2023-03-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual-polarized radiating element and antenna |
EP3669421A1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2020-06-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual-polarized radiating element and antenna |
CN109659674B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2024-06-04 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Communication antenna and radiation unit thereof |
DE102019201029B3 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-04-23 | Audi Ag | Antenna holding device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle with an antenna holding device |
CN110112561B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2024-01-02 | 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 | Single-polarized antenna |
JP2023505332A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2023-02-08 | フーバー プラス スーナー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Omnidirectional horizontally polarized antenna with high current protection |
CN112751177B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-01-25 | 深圳市中天迅通信技术股份有限公司 | High-isolation co-polarized 5G full-band omnidirectional antenna |
USD1026878S1 (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | Shenzhen Global Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. | HDTV antenna |
US11652298B2 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-05-16 | Vitesco Technologies USA, LLC | Vivaldi antenna wings |
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CH249408A (en) * | 1946-04-01 | 1947-06-30 | Patelhold Patentverwertung | Device for determining the horizontal angular position of a receiver. |
US6518931B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2003-02-11 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Vivaldi cloverleaf antenna |
US7298228B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2007-11-20 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same |
US7623868B2 (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2009-11-24 | Andrew Llc | Multi-band wireless access point comprising coextensive coverage regions |
DE10359605B4 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2006-05-24 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Broadband antenna |
US7271775B1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-09-18 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Deployable compact multi mode notch/loop hybrid antenna |
CN101694904B (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2011-09-28 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | All-around top absorbing antenna used in indoor distribution system of mobile communication network |
DE102010011867B4 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-12-22 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Broadband omnidirectional antenna |
US8570233B2 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2013-10-29 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Antenna assemblies |
MX2013008637A (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2013-12-16 | Galtronics Corp Ltd | Broadband dual-polarized antenna. |
WO2011157172A2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2011-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Omni-directional antenna |
-
2013
- 2013-07-24 DE DE102013012308.9A patent/DE102013012308A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-06-26 EP EP14736620.7A patent/EP3025394B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-26 WO PCT/EP2014/001733 patent/WO2015010761A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-26 CN CN201480041505.0A patent/CN105393406B/en active Active
- 2014-06-26 US US14/904,617 patent/US9748666B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2015010761A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
CN105393406A (en) | 2016-03-09 |
EP3025394A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20160164190A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
US9748666B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
CN105393406B (en) | 2018-07-27 |
DE102013012308A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
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