EP3178129B1 - Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range separated by a frequency gap, for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to vertical broadband monopole antennas for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both located in the decimeter wave range - for vehicles and for transmission and/or reception of terrestrially broadcast vertically polarized radio signals via a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located at the base of the monopole, comprising an antenna connection point 5 and a ground connection 7.

Such broadband antennas are known from the prior art. These antennas are designed as multi-resonant rod antennas, with several frequency bands separated from one another by frequency gaps being covered by means of multiple wire windings applied to the elongated rod, which partially overlap. Such antennas are used for transmission and reception in the decimeter wave range on vehicles, preferably on the vehicle roof. On the one hand, antennas of this type have the disadvantage that they are only intended for relatively narrow-band frequency bands separated from one another by frequency gaps and are only of very limited use for wide frequency bands. The overall height, its aerodynamic shape and its wind resistance value are particularly important for use on vehicles. However, because of the large quantities that are customary in vehicle construction, particular importance is attached to the economics of producing such an antenna. This shows that the application of different wire windings must be mechanically very tightly tolerated so that the required frequency accuracy is achieved. Furthermore, the application of the windings on the bar, their attachment and the production of their long-term stability and the reproducibility of the performance of the antenna is comparatively complicated and economically expensive.

The large number of modern cellular networks, such as those designed according to the LTE (Long Term Evolution) cellular standard or those still under development, require antennas with extreme bandwidth. For example, a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz is provided for the LTE mobile radio standard - hereinafter referred to as sub-band U - and above a frequency gap the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz, hereinafter referred to as upper band O, is provided, as in 1 shown. In addition, a middle band M is often provided in the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 1700 MHz, which is assigned to the upper band. With regard to the antenna function, the frequency gap between subband U and upper band O is desired to protect against the radio services located there. This application requires antennas which, in addition to their electrical function, are suitable for vehicles, with the economics of manufacture being of particular importance.

The EP 1 732 162 A1 discloses vertical broadband monopole antennas for vehicles for two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range, separated by a frequency gap, for transmitting and/or receiving terrestrial, vertically polarized radio signals with an antenna connection point located at the base of the monopole. The antenna is designed from a first conductive structure, each of which is oriented essentially perpendicularly to a base area, the first electrically conductive structure at the lower end of the antenna comprising at least one triangular structure standing on a vertex with an essentially horizontally oriented base line, the Tip forms an antenna connection point. Furthermore, the electrically conductive structure adjacent to the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna includes a first roof capacitance, designed essentially as a first rectangular structure. The triangular structure and the first rectangular structure are inductively connected with high impedance by a conductor strip for separating radio signals. The JP 2005 057438 A discloses a broadband monopole antenna with a triangular structure.

The object of the invention is to specify an antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, which can be produced with low overall height and favorable aerodynamic properties, especially in a simple manufacturing process due to special shaping and without a matching network with concentrated components.

This problem is solved by the features of claims 1 and 2. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the description as well as in the drawings.

The antenna comprises a vertical broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the sub-band for the lower frequencies and the high-band for the higher frequencies - both in the decimeter wave range, for vehicles and for transmission and/or reception of terrestrially radiated vertically polarized radio signals above a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located in the base of the monopole, comprising an antenna connection point 5.

The broadband monopole antenna 0 is formed of a high band monopole 1 and a low band monopole combined and is formed of a first and a further structure, both structures being as described in the independent claims. In this respect, the antenna can also be referred to as a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna.

At the lower end of the first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 there is a triangular structure 4, for example flat, standing on its tip as a high-band monopole 1 with an essentially horizontally oriented base line at a high-band monopole height 8 above the conductive base area 6, whose Tip forms the antenna connection point 5. Adjacent to the upper end of the first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 located at the antenna level 9 above the conductive base area 6 is a first one designed essentially as a particularly planar first rectangular structure 16 Roof capacity 10 designed. The top capacitance or the first rectangular structure is therefore below the upper end of the antenna.

The triangular structure 4 and the first rectangular structure 16 as the first top capacitance 10 are inductively connected by at least one first conductor strip 15 with a particularly narrow strip line width 14 of, for example, less than or equal to 7 mm for separating radio signals in the upper band, whereby essentially a first part of the lower band Monopoly 2 is formed.

A vertical multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for vehicles is disclosed for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, namely a sub-band U for lower frequencies and an upper band O for higher frequencies, both located in the decimeter wave range, for transmission and/or reception with terrestrially broadcast vertically polarized Radio signals via a substantially horizontal conductive base 6 as vehicle ground with an antenna connection point 3 located at the base of the first conductive structure.

The first electrically conductive structure can have at least two spaced-apart first conductor strips 15, 15a, as a result of which a frame structure 11 consisting of the triangular structure 4, the first rectangular structure 16 and the first conductor strips 15, 15a is formed.

The first conductor strip or strips 15, 15a can contain meandering characteristics 24 for frequency-selective separation.

The interior angle 12 at the apex of the triangular structure 4 can be between 30 and 90 degrees.

The triangular structure 4 is designed by strip-shaped lamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner in the plane of the triangle and converging at the tip.

To improve the electromagnetic decoupling, the first rectangular structure 16 can essentially be formed by strip-shaped roof lamellae 19 , 19 a , 19 b that run vertically electrically conductively separated from one another but are connected at their upper end via a remaining strip 31 .

According to one embodiment, the strip-shaped lamellae 30, 30a, 30b converging at the tip are angled out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they run essentially on the lateral surface of a cone standing on its tip with a circular or elliptical cross section.

The roof louvers 19 may be successively counter-angled in such a way that they are V-shaped in projection onto a plane transverse to the strip 31 .

The lamellae 20a, 20b converging at the tip can be angled successively in opposite directions out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane running transversely to the triangular structure 4 .

There can be a coupling conductor 35 which is connected at its upper end to the first roof capacitance 10 and which is coupled to the conductive base area 6 at its lower end.

The further electrically conductive structure comprises a further top capacitor 38, which is designed essentially as a rectangular structure 42 in the exemplary embodiment shown, which is routed essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 for capacitive coupling to the first top capacitor 10 in a top capacitor coupling distance 40. The top-capacitance coupling distance 40 is less than 1/30 of the free space wavelength A at the lowest frequency of the U subband.

The further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one further conductor strip 39, which is connected to the further planar structure 42 and runs to the conductive base surface 6 and is conductively connected to it at its lower end and has an inductive high resistance for the separation of radio signals in the upper band O.

The further electrically conductive structure can be designed in such a way that two further conductor strips 39, 39a are present, each of which is opposite to one another - connected in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and at a distance from the side edge of the Triangular structure 4 is performed while avoiding the overlap of the triangular structure 4 to the conductive base 6 and is conductively connected at its lower end with this.

The further conductor strip(s) 39, 39a can contain meandering characteristics 24 for frequency-selective separation.

At least one of the other conductor strips 39, 39a can be guided in a conductor strip coupling spacing 41 essentially parallel to a first conductor strip 15, 15a and be conductively connected to the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end.

The impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 can be in the lower frequency range of the sub-band U by selecting the inductance of the first conductor strip 15,15a or the one or more conductor strips 39, 39a by selecting the stripline width 14 and/or by inserting meandering Characteristics 24 and by choosing the roof capacity coupling distance 40 and or the horizontal - and vertical extensions 23, 23a of the first rectangular structure 16 or the other flat structure 42 and by choosing the conductor strip coupling distance 41 be given.

The first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure can each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and a self-supporting first conductor strip 15 can be present in the first electrically conductive structure, the strip conductor width 14 of which is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm.

However, the first electrically conductive structure can also be provided by a metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the printed circuit board can preferably be designed as a plug-in connection 45 with ground connection point 7 and base connection point 43, 44 on the conductive base surface 6.

Both structures can also be realized on only one side of a printed circuit board by designing interdigital structures for the realization of the first roof capacitance 10 and the further roof capacitance 38, which interlock like a comb.

In the presence of a ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25 arranged concentrically to the antenna connection point 3, both the first rectangular structure 16 and the further flat structure 42, which is designed as a further rectangular structure, can be separated from one another essentially by vertically electrically conductive, but at their upper end via a remaining strip 31 continuous strip-shaped roof slats 19, 19a, 19b be formed.

The multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 can be arranged under a cover 32 and the at least one first conductor strip 15, 15a can be guided at least partially and in particular as far as possible along the inner wall of the cover.

The mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the conductive base surface 6 can be replaced by another multi-structure broadband monopole antenna that is the same as this antenna in such a way that a dipole that is symmetrical to the plane of the conductive base surface 6 is given and a symmetrical Antenna connection point of this dipole between the antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and - according to this - mirrored on the conductive base surface 6 antenna connection point 5 of the other multi-structure broadband monopole antenna is formed.

The upper band monopole 1 can be formed by two flat triangular structures 4a, 4b, the surface normals of which lie in the same plane - e.g. the x-z plane of a coordinate system - as the surface normal of the first rectangular structure 16 in such a way that the (from which the central axis Z emanates) located antenna connection point 5 outgoing strip-shaped lamellae 20a, 20b from the y-z plane - divided into lamellae 20a in the direction of the positive x-axis and in lamellae 20a in the direction of the negative x-axis - each by one Deflection angle 49 are angled, so that the upper belt monopole 1 is essentially formed by two triangles 4a and 4b standing on their apex.

The two triangular structures 4a and 4b of the upper band monopole 1 can be formed from connected conductive layers.

The multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 can be mounted on the vehicle in such a way that the horizontal extent of the planar roof capacitance 10 runs in the direction of travel.

The strip-shaped slats 20 of the upper band monopole 1 that converge in the lower triangle tip can be angled out of the plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in succession in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane transverse to the direction of travel.

The triangles 4a and 4b, which are angled by the deflection angle 49, with their triangle tips can be approximately symmetrical to the antenna connection point 5 in the x-direction be offset from one another by an offset length 50 and be connected to one another via a short connecting conductor 48 running parallel to the x-axis over a small base surface distance 51, from which the antenna connection point 5 can be formed.

There can be an inductively high-impedance coupling conductor 35 connected to the first top capacitance 10 at least in the frequency range of the upper band O, which is electrically conductively connected to the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end.

The coupling distance for the capacitive coupling of the further top capacitance can be λ/30, in which case a top capacitance coupling distance <λ/30 at the lowest occurring frequency of the subband U can be advantageous.

It can be advantageous if the further electrically conductive structure is designed in such a way that the further conductor strip is connected to the further roof capacitance in the area of one of the lateral ends and with a conductor strip coupling distance from the side edge of the triangular structure, avoiding the overlapping of the triangular structure of the first electrically conductive structure to the conductive base 6 is performed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the impedance is matched at the antenna connection point of the first structure in the lower frequency range of the subband U by selecting the inductance of the first conductor strip or strips or the further conductor strip or strips by selecting the strip conductor width and/or by inserting meandering characteristics and by selection the top-capacitance coupling distance and/or the horizontal and vertical extensions of the first rectangular structure or the further rectangular structure and by selecting the conductor strip coupling distance.

The first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure can each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and in the first electrically conductive structure there can be a particularly self-supporting first conductor strip whose strip conductor width is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm is.

In particular, if there is a ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna arranged concentrically to the antenna connection point, the first rectangular structure and/or the further rectangular structure and/or the triangular structure can essentially be formed by strip-shaped lamellae that are electrically conductively separated from one another but are connected at their ends in order to improve electromagnetic decoupling.

The slats may be successively counter-angled in such a way that they are V-shaped in projection onto a plane transverse to the remaining strip.

Between the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure and the further rectangular structure, a test conductor with a high-impedance DC resistance can be connected for the purpose of connecting the antenna, with this test conductor both in the subband U and in the upper band O with regard to on the function of the antenna can be sufficiently high impedance.

The broadband monopole antenna can be mounted on the vehicle in such a way that the horizontal extension of the flat roof capacitance runs in the direction of travel.

Strip-shaped slats of the upper belt monopole, which converge in a lower triangle tip, can be successively angled out of the plane of the planar triangular structure in such a way that they are arranged in a V-shape in the projection onto a plane transverse to the direction of travel.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the planar structure of the further roof capacitance can be designed by an electrically conductive conductor strip running in a surface parallel to the first rectangular structure in the roof capacitance coupling distance, which conductor strip can in particular also have a meandering shape.

Fig. 1:

Frequenzbereiche nach dem LTE- Mobilfunk Standard als Beispiel für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich mit einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 698 und 960 MHz als Unterband U und einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 1460 MHz und 2700 MHz als Oberband O oberhalb einer Frequenzlücke

Fig. 2:

Zweidimensionale erste elektrisch leitende Struktur der Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung über der elektrisch leitenden Grundfläche 6 und der im Fußpunkt gebildeten Antennenanschlussstelle 3 mit auf der Spitze stehender flächiger Dreieckstruktur 4 als Oberband-Monopol 1 und der ersten Dachkapazität 10, welche über zwei erste Leiterstreifen 15 mit mäanderförmiger Ausprägung 24 mit der Dreiecksstruktur 4 zur Bildung des ersten Teils des Unterband-Monopols 2 verbunden sind. Damit ist eine Rahmenstruktur 11 , bestehend aus der Dreieckstruktur 4 , der ersten Rechteckstruktur 16 und den ersten Leiterstreifen 15, 15a gebildet Die Struktur der Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 kann ganzheitlich beispielhaft aus Blech gestanzt oder geschnitten oder auf einer Leiterplatte gedruckt werden.

Fig. 3:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung bestehend aus der ersten elektrisch leitenden Struktur wie in Fig. 2, kombiniert mit der weiteren elektrisch leitenden Struktur; wobei die weitere Dachkapazität 38 in Form der weiteren Rechteckstruktur 42 in einem Dachkapazität-Koppelabstand 40 im Wesentlichen parallel zur ersten Rechteckstruktur 16 der ersten Struktur geführt ist und die weitere Rechteckstruktur 42 über den zur leitenden Grundfläche 6 hin verlaufenden weiteren Leiterstreifen 39 mit mäanderförmiger Ausprägung 24 mit der leitenden Grundfläche 6 im Grundflächen-Anschlusspunkt 43 verbunden ist. Durch die Kombination der ersten leitenden Struktur und der weiteren leitenden Struktur ist der Unterbandmonopol 2 vollständig gebildet.

Fig. 4:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung mit einer ersten elektrisch leitenden Struktur wie in Fig. 3, wobei die vertikal verlaufenden Außenseiten der Dreieckstruktur 4 vom zusammenhängenden elektrisch leitenden Zentralteil oberhalb der Spitze des Dreiecks aufgefächert und als Leiterstreifen ausgeführt sind und diese oberhalb der Dreieckstruktur 4 als Leiterstreifen 15, 15a weitergeführt und mit der ersten Rechteckstruktur 16 verbunden sind, wodurch eine Rahmenstruktur 11 gebildet ist. Die weitere Rechteckstruktur 42 der weiteren elektrisch leitenden Struktur ist, wie in Figur 3, im Dach Kapazität-Koppel Abstand 40 parallel zur ersten Rechteckstruktur 16 angeordnet und der weitere Leiterstreifen 39 ist im Leiterstreifen-Koppelabstand 41 im Wesentlichen parallel zum ersten Leiterstreifen 15 geführt. Durch Einstellung des Dachkapazität-Koppelabstands 40, des Leiterstreifen-Koppelabstands 41 sowie durch Wahl der Horizontalausdehnung 23a und der vertikalen Ausdehnung 22a der weiteren Dachkapazität 38 wird an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 bzw. an der dort befindlichen koaxialen Steckverbindung 44 Impedanzanpassung ohne zusätzliche elektrische Bauelemente insbesondere auch am unteren Ende des unteren Frequenzbandes U erreicht.

Fig. 5:

1. a) extrem breitbandiger Verlauf der Impedanz an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 einer 4,5 cm hohen Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung (wie in Figur 4) für den Frequenzbereich des Unterbands U (700 MHz bis 1 GHz) und des Oberbands O (hier mit 1,35 GHz bis 2,7 GHz) sowie der Frequenzlücke zwischen 1 GHz und 1,35 GHz in der auf Z0= 50 Ohm bezogenen komplexen Impedanzebene;
2. b) Impedanzverlauf wie in Figur a), jedoch ausschließlich für den Frequenzbereich des Unterbands U (700 MHz bis 1 GHz) zur besseren Übersicht. Auch bei den tiefsten Frequenzen ist der Anpassungswert VSWR <3,5. Der Impedanzverlauf zeigt die Tendenz der Umschlingung des Anpassungspunktes auf, welche durch die Kombination der beiden Strukturen über die kapazitive Verkopplung der ersten und der weiteren Dachkapazität sowie der ersten und der weiteren Leiterstreifen erzielt werden kann;
3. c) Impedanzverlauf wie in Figur a), jedoch ausschließlich für den Frequenzbereich des Oberbands O (hier mit 1,35 GHz bis 2,7 GHz) zur besseren Übersicht.
4. d) Beispielhafter Verlauf des VSWR einer Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung im Frequenzbereich des Unterbands U. Die Kombination der erfindungsgemäßen Strukturen erlaubt es, bei einer Antennenhöhe 9 von nur 52 mm - das ist bei 700MHz eine relative Antennenhöhe von 12 % - und bei einer Horizontalausdehnung 23 der ersten Dachkapazität 10 von nur 30mm die oft geforderte Bedingung von VSWR<3 zu erfüllen.
5. e) Impedanz-Verlauf entsprechend dem VSWR-Verlauf der unter d) beschriebenen Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0. Die Impedanzkurve liegt im gesamten Frequenzbereich zwischen 700 MHz und 960 MHz innerhalb des dargestellten Kreises für VSWR = 3.

Fig. 6:

Beispiel einer Monopolantenne in der Form einer singulär stehenden ersten Struktur der in Figur 5 zitierten Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung zur Beschreibung des Einflusses der elektromagnetisch an die erste Struktur angekoppelten weiteren Struktur auf den Verlauf der Impedanz in den Figuren 7 a-c.

Fig. 7:

1. a) Verlauf der Impedanz an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3 der 4,5 cm hohen singulär stehenden ersten Struktur in Figur 6 als Teil Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung in Figur 4. Aufgrund der auf die Wellenlänge bei niedrigen Frequenzen des Unterbands U geringen Antennenhöhe 9 von etwa 1/10 ergibt sich mit der ersten Struktur die große Fehlanpassung von VSWR=12.
2. b) Impedanzverlauf wie in Figur a), jedoch ausschließlich für den Frequenzbereich des Unterbands U (700 MHz bis 1 GHz) zur besseren Übersicht.
3. c) Impedanzverlauf wie in Figur a), jedoch ausschließlich für den Frequenzbereich des Oberbands O (hier mit 1,35 GHz bis 2,7 GHz) zur besseren Übersicht.

Fig. 8:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung mit zwei weiteren Leiterstreifen 39, 39a der weiteren Struktur, von denen jedereinander gegenüberliegend - in der Nähe jeweils eines der seitlichen Enden an die weitere Dachkapazität 38 angeschlossen und mit einem Abstand vom Seitenrand der Dreiecksstruktur 4 unter Vermeidung der Überdeckung der Dreiecksstruktur 4 zur leitenden Grundfläche 6 geführt sind und an ihrem unteren Ende mit dieser leitend verbunden sind. Durch Vermeidung der Überdeckung wird die Kopplung der weiteren Leiterstreifen 39, 39a und dem Oberband-Monopol 1 verringert.

Fig. 9:

Zweidimensionale Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in den Fig. 2 und 3, wobei die flächige Dreieckstruktur 4 des Oberband-Monopols 1 durch in der Dreiecksebene fächerartig angeordnete und an der unteren Dreiecksspitze zusammen laufende streifenförmige Lamellen 20 gestaltet ist. Die ausschließlich über die Dreiecksspitze miteinander leitend verbundenen Lamellen 20 bewirken bei Vorhandensein einer konzentrisch gestalteten ringförmigen Satellitenempfangsantenne 25 die elektromagnetische Entkopplung des Oberband-Monopols 1 von dieser Antenne.

Fig.

10:Beispiel einer aus leitender Folie oder Blech durch Stanzen oder Schneiden bzw. auf einer Leiterplatte aufgedruckt herstellbaren Struktur mit dem Frequenzverhalten eines elektrischen Parallel-Schwingkreises 29, eingeschaltet in einen ersten Leiterstreifen 15 bzw. einen zweiten Leiterstreifen 39 zur Gestaltung der frequenzselektiven Trennung des Unterband-Monopols 2 vom Oberband-Monopol 1. Der Parallelschwingkreis 29 ist durch Interdigitalstruktur 26 als Parallelkapazität 27 und die Leiterschleife als Parallelinduktivität 28 gebildet.

Fig. 11:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 2, kombiniert mit einer konzentrischen Spitze der flächigen Dreieckstruktur 4. Zur weiteren Erhöhung der induktiven Wirkung der ersten Leiterstreifen 15, 15a sind beispielhaft weitere mäanderförmige Ausprägungen 24 ausgebildet.

Fig. 12:

Dargestellt ist nur die erste Struktur der Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 4 mit ringförmiger Satellitenempfangsantenne 25, wobei jedoch zur Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung zwischen dieser und dem Unterband-Monopol 2 die flächige erste Rechteckstruktur 16 durch vertikal voneinander getrennt verlaufende, jedoch an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen 31 zusammenhängende streifenförmige Dachlamellen 19 gebildet ist.

Fig. 13:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 9, der, jedoch mit nur einem selbsttragenden ersten Leiterstreifen 15 mit größerer Blechstärke zu Gunsten besonderer mechanischer Steifigkeit und zur Erreichung der notwendigen eigenen Induktivität des ersten Leiterstreifens 15 mit entsprechend mehreren mäanderförmigen Ausprägungen 24 versehen ist.

Fig. 14:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 3, jedoch mit einem anstelle der flächigen Dreieckstruktur kegelförmig und auf der Spitze stehend ausgebildeten Oberband-Monopol 1 zur Vergrößerung der Bandbreite im Oberband. Der elektrisch leitende Kegelmantel ist punktiert angedeutet.

Fig. 15:

Oberband-Monopol, wie in den Fig. 9, 12 und 13, wobei jedoch die in der unteren Dreiecksspitze fächerartig zusammenlaufenden streifenförmigen Lamellen 30 des Oberband-Monopols 1 in der Weise aus der Ebene der flächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 ausgewinkelt sind, dass sie etwa wie die Mantellinien eines gemäß Fig. 14 auf der Spitze stehenden Kegels mit kreisrundem bzw. elliptischem Querschnitt verlaufen.

Fig. 16:

Draufsicht auf eine Antenne gemäß der in Fig. 15 angedeuteten Schnittlinie A-A' zur Klarstellung des Verlaufs der fächerartig verlaufenden Kegel-Lamellen 30, 30a, 30b. Die ringförmige Satellitenempfangsantenne 25a ist durch unterbrochene Linien angedeutet.

Fig. 17:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 3, wobei die erste elektrisch leitende Struktur durch metallische Beschichtung 33 auf einer ersten Seite einer Leiterplatte und die weitere elektrisch leitende Struktur auf der zweiten Seite dieser Leiterplatte gegeben ist und die Antennenanschlussstelle 3 der Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 am unteren Ende der Leiterplatte vorzugsweise als eine Steckverbindung 45 mit Masseanschlusspunkt 7 und Grundflächen-Anschlusspunkt 43, 44 an der leitenden Grundfläche 6 ausgeführt ist.

Fig. 18:

Beispiel einer Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 13, jedoch mit einem mit der ersten Dachkapazität 10 verbundenen und an die leitende Grundfläche 6 über den zusätzlichen Masse-Anschluss 46 angeschlossenen Koppelleiter 35 als Ergänzung des Unterband-Monopols 2 zur weiteren Verbesserung der Impedanz-Anpassung an der Antennenanschlussstelle 3.

Fig. 19:

Beispiel einer Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung wie in Fig. 13, wobei die streifenförmigen Lamellen 20 aus der y-z-Ebene der flächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 aufgeteilt in Richtung der positiven x-Achse (Lamellen 20a) und der negativen x-Achse (Lamellen 20a) jeweils um den Auslenkwinkel 49 ausgewinkelt sind, sodass der Oberband-Monopol 1 im Wesentlichen durch zwei auf der Spitze stehende Dreieckstrukturen 4a und 4b gebildet ist, deren Spitzen im Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 vereint sind und deren Flächennormalen im Wesentlichen in derselben Ebene liegen wie die Flächennormale der ersten Rechteckstruktur 16. Dadurch ist eine räumliche Antennenstruktur gebildet. Der erste Leiterstreifen 15 und der weitere Leiterstreifen 39 sind vereinfacht als gerade Leiter im Leiterstreifen-Koppelabstand 41 zu einander geführt dargestellt und können in der Realisierung mäanderförmige Ausprägungen, wie in den Figuren 13 und 18 enthalten. Die Flächennormalen der Rechteckstrukturen der ersten Dachkapazität 10 und die der weiteren Dachkapazität 38 weisen vorzugsweise in x-Richtung.

Fig. 20:

Einbausituation einer Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung gemäß Figur 19 auf der Außenhaut eines Fahrzeugs unter einer Abdeckhaube 32 in schwach perspektivischer Darstellung mit Blick auf die Antenne etwa aus der x-Richtung, also quer zur Fahrtrichtung (y-Richtung). Die schwarz unterlegten und mit a) gekennzeichneten Leiterteile - das sind die Lamellen 20a - sind aus der y-z-Ebene der flächigen Dreiecksstruktur 4 in Richtung der x-Achse ausgewinkelt und entsprechend die Lamellen 20b sind in Richtung der negativen x-Achse ausgewinkelt, wodurch die räumliche Antennenstruktur gebildet ist.

Fig. 21:

Einbausituation einer Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung ähnlich wie in Figur 20 jedoch mit Blick auf die Anordnung in Fahrtrichtung (y-Richtung).

Fig. 22:

Mehrstruktur-Breitband-Monopolantenne 0 nach der Erfindung mit einem Oberband-Monopol 1, bestehend aus zwei auf der Spitze stehende und in positive bzw. negative x-Richtung jeweils um den auf die Richtung der z-Achse bezogenen Auslenkwinkel 49 ausgewinkelten Dreiecken 4a und 4b wie in Figur 19, jedoch mit symmetrisch zum ersten Leiterstreifen 15 in x-Richtung um die Versetzungslänge 50 versetzten Dreieck-Spitzen, welche über einen kurzen, über den kleinen Grundflächen-Abstand 51 parallel zur x-Achse geführten Verbindungsleiter 48 miteinander und mit dem ersten Leiterstreifen 15 im Verzweigungspunkt 47 verbunden sind, von dem aus der Antennenanschlusspunkt 5 gebildet ist.

Fig. 23:

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der weiteren flächigen Struktur der weiteren Dachkapazität durch einen in einer Fläche parallel zur ersten Rechteckstruktur im Dachkapazität-Koppelabstand verlaufenden, elektrisch leitenden Leiterstreifen, welcher mäanderförmig geformt ist.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. The associated figures show in detail:

Figure 1:

Frequency ranges according to the LTE mobile communications standard as an example of two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range separated by a frequency gap with a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz as sub-band U and a frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz as upper band O above a frequency gap

Figure 2:

Two-dimensional first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention over the electrically conductive base area 6 and the antenna connection point 3 formed at the base with a planar triangular structure 4 standing on the apex as an upper band monopole 1 and the first roof capacity 10, which has two first conductor strips 15 with a meandering characteristic 24 are connected to the triangular structure 4 to form the first part of the subband monopole 2 . This forms a frame structure 11 consisting of the triangular structure 4, the first rectangular structure 16 and the first conductor strips 15, 15a.

Figure 3:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention consisting of the first electrically conductive structure as in 2 , combined with the further electrically conductive structure; the further roof capacitance 38 in the form of the further rectangular structure 42 being routed in a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 of the first structure and the further rectangular structure 42 running towards the conductive base area 6 with the further conductor strip 39 with a meandering characteristic 24 the conductive ground plane 6 in the ground plane connection point 43 is connected. The combination of the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure forms the subband monopoly 2 completely.

Figure 4:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a first electrically conductive structure as in 3 , where the vertical running outer sides of the triangular structure 4 are fanned out from the coherent electrically conductive central part above the apex of the triangle and are designed as conductor strips and these are continued above the triangular structure 4 as conductor strips 15, 15a and are connected to the first rectangular structure 16, whereby a frame structure 11 is formed. The further rectangular structure 42 of the further electrically conductive structure is, as in figure 3 , arranged parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 in the roof capacitance-coupling distance 40 and the further conductor strip 39 is guided essentially parallel to the first conductor strip 15 in the conductor-strip coupling distance 41 . By setting the roof capacitance coupling distance 40, the conductor strip coupling distance 41 and by selecting the horizontal extension 23a and the vertical extension 22a of the additional roof capacitance 38, impedance matching is achieved at the antenna connection point 3 or at the coaxial plug connection 44 located there without additional electrical components, in particular also at the reached the lower end of the lower frequency band U.

Figure 5:

1. a) Extremely broadband course of the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of a 4.5 cm high multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention (as in figure 4 ) for the frequency range of the sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) and the upper band O (here with 1.35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) as well as the frequency gap between 1 GHz and 1.35 GHz in the related to Z0 = 50 ohms complex impedance plane;
2. b) Impedance curve as in figure a), but only for the frequency range of the sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) for a better overview. Even at the lowest frequencies, the adjustment value VSWR is <3.5. The impedance curve shows the tendency to wrap around the matching point, which can be achieved by combining the two structures via the capacitive coupling of the first and the additional top capacitance and the first and the additional conductor strips;
3. c) Impedance curve as in figure a), but only for the frequency range of the upper band O (here with 1.35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) for a better overview.
4. d) Exemplary course of the VSWR of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in the frequency range of the subband U. The combination of the structures according to the invention makes it possible with an antenna height 9 of only 52 mm - at 700 MHz this is a relative antenna height of 12% - and with a horizontal expansion 23 of the first roof capacity 10 of only 30 mm to meet the frequently required condition of VSWR<3.
5. e) Impedance curve corresponding to the VSWR curve of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 described under d). The impedance curve lies within the circle shown for VSWR = 3 in the entire frequency range between 700 MHz and 960 MHz.

Figure 6:

Example of a monopole antenna in the form of a singular first structure in figure 5 cited multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention for describing the influence of the electromagnetically coupled to the first structure further structure on the course of the impedance in the Figures 7ac .

Figure 7:

1. a) Course of the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of the 4.5 cm high single standing first structure in figure 6 as part broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in figure 4 . Due to the low antenna height 9 of about 1/10 in relation to the wavelength at low frequencies of the subband U, the large mismatch of VSWR=12 results with the first structure.
2. b) Impedance curve as in figure a), but only for the frequency range of the sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) for a better overview.
3. c) Impedance curve as in figure a), but only for the frequency range of the upper band O (here with 1.35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) for a better overview.

Figure 8:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with two further conductor strips 39, 39a of the further structure, each of which is opposite one another - connected in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and at a distance from the side edge of the triangular structure 4, avoiding the coverage of the triangular structure 4 are led to the conductive base 6 and are conductively connected to it at its lower end. By avoiding the overlap, the coupling of the further conductor strips 39, 39a and the upper band monopole 1 is reduced.

Figure 9:

Two-dimensional multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as shown in FIGS 2 and 3 , The flat triangular structure 4 of the upper band monopole 1 being designed by strip-shaped lamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner in the plane of the triangle and converging at the lower triangle apex. In the presence of a concentric ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25, the laminations 20, which are conductively connected to one another exclusively via the apex of the triangle, bring about the electromagnetic decoupling of the high-band monopole 1 from this antenna.

figure

10: Example of a structure that can be produced from conductive foil or sheet metal by stamping or cutting or printed on a circuit board with the frequency behavior of an electrical parallel resonant circuit 29, switched into a first conductor strip 15 or a second conductor strip 39 to design the frequency-selective separation of the subband -Monopole 2 from the upper band monopole 1. The parallel resonant circuit 29 is formed by interdigital structure 26 as a parallel capacitance 27 and the conductor loop as a parallel inductance 28 .

Figure 11:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in 2 , combined with a concentric tip of the planar triangular structure 4. To further increase the inductive effect of the first conductor strips 15, 15a, further meandering characteristics 24 are formed as an example.

Figure 12:

Shown is only the first structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in FIG 4 with annular Satellite receiving antenna 25, however, to improve the electromagnetic decoupling between this and the subband monopole 2, the flat first rectangular structure 16 is formed by strip-shaped roof slats 19 that run vertically separately from one another but are connected at their upper end via a remaining strip 31.

Figure 13:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in 9 , which, however, is provided with only one self-supporting first conductor strip 15 with greater sheet thickness in favor of particular mechanical rigidity and to achieve the necessary inherent inductance of the first conductor strip 15 with a corresponding number of meandering characteristics 24.

Figure 14:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in 3 , but with an upper band monopole 1 that is conical and standing on the tip instead of the flat triangular structure to increase the bandwidth in the upper band. The electrically conductive cone shell is indicated by dots.

Figure 15:

Oberband monopoly, as in the 9 , 12 and 13 , However, the strip-shaped lamellae 30 of the upper belt monopole 1, which converge in a fan-like manner in the lower triangle apex, are angled out of the plane of the planar triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are approximately like the generatrices of a 14 run on the apex of a cone with a circular or elliptical cross-section.

Figure 16:

Top view of an antenna according to in 15 indicated section line AA' to clarify the course of the fan-like running cone lamellae 30, 30a, 30b. The annular satellite receiving antenna 25a is indicated by broken lines.

Figure 17:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in 3 , wherein the first electrically conductive structure is provided by a metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the other electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 am lower end of the printed circuit board is preferably designed as a plug-in connection 45 with ground connection point 7 and base connection point 43, 44 on the conductive base surface 6.

Figure 18:

Example of a multistructure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in FIG 13 , but with a coupling conductor 35 connected to the first roof capacitance 10 and connected to the conductive base area 6 via the additional ground connection 46 as a supplement to the subband monopole 2 to further improve the impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3.

Figure 19:

Example of a multistructure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in FIG 13 , whereby the strip-shaped lamellae 20 are each angled out of the yz-plane of the planar triangular structure 4 in the direction of the positive x-axis (lamellae 20a) and the negative x-axis (lamellae 20a) by the deflection angle 49, so that the upper belt monopole 1 is formed essentially by two triangular structures 4a and 4b standing on their apex, the tips of which are combined in the antenna connection point 5 and whose surface normals lie essentially in the same plane as the surface normal of the first rectangular structure 16. This forms a spatial antenna structure. The first conductor strip 15 and the further conductor strip 39 are shown in simplified form as straight conductors in the conductor strip coupling distance 41 to one another and can have meandering characteristics in the realization, as in FIGS figures 13 and 18 contain. The surface normals of the rectangular structures of the first roof capacity 10 and those of the further roof capacity 38 preferably point in the x-direction.

Figure 20:

Installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention figure 19 on the outer skin of a vehicle under a cover hood 32 in a slightly perspective representation with a view of the antenna from approximately the x-direction, i.e. transverse to the direction of travel (y-direction). The conductor parts with a black background and marked with a) - these are the lamellae 20a - are angled out of the yz plane of the planar triangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and the lamellae 20b are corresponding angled in the direction of the negative x-axis, whereby the spatial antenna structure is formed.

Figure 21:

Installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention similar to that in figure 20 but with a view to the arrangement in the direction of travel (y-direction).

Figure 22:

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a high-band monopole 1, consisting of two triangles 4a and 4b standing on top and angled in the positive and negative x-direction by the deflection angle 49 related to the direction of the z-axis as in figure 19 , but with triangular tips offset symmetrically to the first conductor strip 15 in the x-direction by the displacement length 50, which are connected to one another and to the first conductor strip 15 in the branching point via a short connecting conductor 48, which runs parallel to the x-axis over the small base surface distance 51 47 are connected, from which the antenna connection point 5 is formed.

Figure 23:

A further advantageous refinement of the further planar structure of the further roof capacitance by means of an electrically conductive conductor strip which runs in a surface parallel to the first rectangular structure in the roof capacitance coupling distance and is shaped in a meandering manner.

A particular advantage of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is the property that the impedance measurable at the antenna connection point 3 can be designed broadband in the vicinity of the standardized impedance of Z0=50 ohms prescribed for antenna systems for vehicles with largely no problems. This also results in the economic advantage that a matching network between the antenna connection point 3 at the base of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the further circuit can usually be omitted or at least be designed with particularly little effort.

In the following, a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is exemplified for the two separated by a frequency gap Frequency ranges according to the in 1 illustrated subband U and the upper band O explained.

The first structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in its flat basic design is in 2 shown and is essentially formed from a part of the lower band monopole 2 for covering the lower band U with an antenna height 9 required for this in combination with an upper band monopole 1 with the upper band monopole height 8 with a common antenna connection point 3 . To avoid too great an effective antenna height 9 in the frequency range of the upper band, the lower band monopole 2 is designed from inductively high-impedance first conductor strips 15 in the frequency range of the upper band O with a narrow strip line width 14 in conjunction with a first roof capacitance 10 . The latter is essentially designed as a flat first rectangular structure 16 and is designed with a large horizontal extent 23 compared to the vertical extent 22 .

figure 3 shows the three-dimensional multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in a slightly perspective representation. It consists of the first electrically conductive structure as in 2 , combined with the further electrically conductive structure. The latter essentially consists of the additional roof capacitance 38 in the form of the additional rectangular structure 42 (marked with dots for clarity), which is guided in a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 of the first structure and a connected to the additional rectangular structure 42, further conductor strip 39 running towards the conductive base surface 6. The further conductor strip 39 is guided in a conductor strip coupling spacing 41 essentially parallel to the first conductor strip 15 to the conductive base surface and is conductively connected to it in the base surface connection point 43. In order to increase the self-inductance of the first conductor strips 15, 15a and the further conductor strips/s 24, meandering characteristics 24 are present. The combination of the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure forms the subband monopoly 2 completely. As in the other figures, the reference symbol Z designates a (vertical) center axis running through the antenna connection point 5, which in particular forms an axis of symmetry of the antenna.

figure 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a first electrically conductive structure as in FIG 3 , whereby the vertically running outer sides to the left and right of the triangular structure 4 are fanned out by the cohesive, electrically conductive central part above the tip of the triangle and are designed as conductor strips, and these are continued above the triangular structure 4 as conductor strips 15 and are connected to the first rectangular structure 16, which also results in a Frame structure 11 is formed. The further rectangular structure 42 of the further electrically conductive structure is, as in figure 3 , arranged parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 in the top capacitance coupling spacing 40 and the further conductor strip 39 is guided essentially parallel to the first conductor strip 41 in the conductor strip coupling spacing 41 . The illustration shows that the top capacitance coupling distance 40 and the conductor strip coupling distance 41 can advantageously be chosen differently. By setting the roof capacitance coupling distance 40, the conductor strip coupling distance 41 and by selecting the horizontal extension 23a and the vertical extension 22a of the additional roof capacitance 38, impedance matching is achieved at the antenna connection 5 or at the coaxial plug connection located there without additional electrical components, especially at the lower end of the lower frequency band U is reached.

In order to meet the requirement for the simplest and most economical production method possible, both the first structure and the further structure of the multi-structure broadband antenna 0 according to the invention are made, for example, from an electrically conductive film 33 as a coherent, electrically conductive structure in an im Designed essentially perpendicular to the conductive base 6 extended level. It has been shown to be a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention for the self-supporting, electrically conductive structures, which are each formed in one piece, to use electrically conductive sheet metal or a self-supporting electrically conductive film, which results in a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 as a whole mechanically self-supporting arrangement of the structures can be produced. These structures can be produced, for example, by a stamping process or by a controlled cutting process, for example by controlled laser cutting. Here, the production of a punching tool is economically advantageous for particularly large quantities prove because the antenna can be duplicated extremely cheaply by automated punching processes. On the other hand, computer-controlled laser cutting can prove to be more economical for smaller quantities. The production of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 from sheet metal offers the particular advantage of metallic rigidity, which is of particular importance for use as a vehicle antenna. A particular advantage of this planar structure is its negligible wind resistance, if it is advantageously designed to run in a plane whose normal is oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle.

In accordance with the additional task with regard to the required mechanical stability for holding the first roof capacitance 10 by means of narrow first conductor strips 15, 15a, it is provided according to the invention to design these to be mechanically sufficiently rigid. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 made from stamped or cut sheet metal according to the invention, a frame structure 11 is designed to achieve particular rigidity. The frame structure 11 is in the 2 , 3 , 4 shown for the first structure. The frame structure 11 is in each case formed from two narrow first conductor strips 15, 15a, which are guided at a sufficient distance 13 from one another, the base line of the planar triangular structure 4 and the planar first rectangular structure 16 of the first top capacitance 10.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, figure 8 the example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with two further conductor strips 39, 39a is shown. Both further conductor strips 39, 39a, each of which is connected opposite one another in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and is guided at a distance from the side edge of the triangular structure 4, avoiding the overlapping of the triangular structure 4 to the conductive base area 6 is connected to the conductive base 6 at the lower end. A frame structure consisting of the additional conductor strips 39, 39a and the additional rectangular structure 42 is thus also formed, so that the additional structure can also be realized with advantageous rigidity.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first electrically conductive structure consists of a material of particular rigidity, for example from sheet metal. When using such materials, the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with only a first conductor strip 15, as in 13 be presented, designed. In the interests of mechanical stability, however, a larger stripline width 14 is then advantageous for this. In order to create a sufficiently large inductive effect of the first conductor strip 15, a plurality of meandering formations 24 have generally proven to be necessary. These demands apply to figure 13 likewise towards the further conductor strip 39 which connects the further rectangular structure 42 to the conductive base area 6 . To circumvent rigidity problems, the antenna can be figure 13 advantageously as a printed circuit board, similar to in figure 17 presented, to be realized.

In a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 of this type, the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) <3 is required, for example, for the adaptation of antenna systems to the standardized impedance of Z0=50 ohms prescribed for vehicles in the sub-band referred to above. In the case of an antenna according to the invention in its complete embodiment, this value can in principle already be achieved at the antenna connection point 3 with an antenna height 9 of <6 cm. The properties of the sub-band monopoly 2 are essentially determined by its antenna height 9 and by the size of the flat first roof capacity 10, the horizontal extent 23 of which is approximately 5 cm much larger, i.e. at least three times larger than the vertical extent 22. A A significantly larger vertical extent 22 increases the capacitance value of the first roof capacitance 10 for a given antenna height 9, but reduces the effective height of the sub-band monopoly 2, which, in contrast to the capacitance value, is quadratically included in the formation of the frequency bandwidth of the sub-band monopoly 2. In particular, in order to meet the matching requirement with VSWR<3 at the lowest frequencies of the subband U, the combination of the first structure with the further structure is necessary according to the invention. This is particularly impressive when comparing the impedances at the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in figure 4 and the singular first structure in figure 6 out. The corresponding frequency curves of the impedances are for the frequency range of the sub-band U in the figures 5b and 7b shown. At the lowest frequency of 700 MHz, the real part of the impedance (relative value = 0.18) of the singularly standing first structure is at a high negative The imaginary part is extremely low, resulting in the completely unacceptable VSWR value of 12. In contrast, the real part of the impedance is in Figure 5b given with the high relative value of about 3 with a small imaginary part. The VSWR value is about 3.5 in this example. Furthermore, the impedance curve in Figure 5b the tendency to wrap around the matching point, which explains the significantly larger bandwidth in the U subband. This shows that with the help of the capacitive coupling of the roof capacitances according to the invention in connection with the coupling of the conductor strips between the first structure and the further structure, the desired improvement in the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of the first structure with regard to the impedance matching and its bandwidth given is. With regard to the design of the largest possible bandwidth in this frequency range, the antenna height 9 and the size of the first rectangular structure 16 with its horizontal extent 23 and its vertical extent 22 are of crucial importance. It is essential here to select the vertical extension 22 optimally for a given antenna height 9 . It also follows from this that the dimensions of the further rectangular structure 42 should generally be selected to be smaller than the dimensions of the first rectangular structure 16 in order to achieve optimal impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 in this frequency range. The top-capacitance coupling distance 40 can be very small and should not exceed a value of λ/30 at the lowest frequency of the U subband. The sub-band monopole 2 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is thus formed by the described inventive combination of the first structure with the further structure with its antenna connection point 3 on the first structure. Only in this way is it possible to meet the high matching requirements in the entire subband U without using lumped components in a matching network.

From this comparison between the antenna according to the invention in figure 4 and the singular first structure in figure 6 also shows that the tendency of the larger bandwidth in the case of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is also confirmed in the upper band O, because the impedance curve in Figure 5c the antenna inside figure 4 wraps around the matching point at the antenna connection point 3 with a larger bandwidth than the impedance curve in Figure 7c of the singular first structure in figure 6 .

Particularly good matching values were achieved, for example, with a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in the frequency range of the subband U through the combination according to the invention of the first and the further structure. As in Figure 5d shown, with an antenna height 9 of only 52 mm (that is a relative antenna height of 12% at 700MHz) and with a horizontal extent 23 of the first roof capacitance 10 of only 30mm, the frequently required condition of VSWR<3 in the entire subband U was met. The impedance curve corresponding to this VSWR curve in Figure 5e lies within the circle shown for VSWR = 3 in the entire frequency range between 700 MHz and 960 MHz

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive structures can also be selected by the metallic coating of a dielectric plate, ie a printed circuit board. However, it should be noted here that a material for the printed circuit board that can be considered for economic reasons is lossy in the decimeter wave range, so that it can be provided according to the invention to print the structure of the multistructure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the printed circuit board in a manner known per se, however, to crop them with a slight overhang in accordance with the outlines of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, in order to keep the course of electric field lines in the lossy dielectric plate as small as possible. This form of printed representation of conductive structures is particularly advantageous in the case of a complicated geometric structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 because the cutting lines can be made less finely following the geometric structure and therefore require a less complex stamping tool. The property of the above-described small top-capacitance coupling distance 40 of an antenna according to the invention enables the advantageous realization of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, as in FIG 17 shown, on a printed circuit board, the first electrically conductive structure being provided by a metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the Printed circuit board is preferably designed as a coaxial connector 44 with a ground connection point 7 as a coaxial plug outer conductor 45 with a connection to the conductive base 6 and with a base connection point 43 on the conductive base 6 . The property of small roof capacitance coupling distance 40 of an antenna according to the invention also enables the advantageous realization of the first and the further structure to be realized together on one and the same side of a printed circuit board. Both structures can, for example, also be realized on just one side of a printed circuit board by designing interdigital structures for the realization of the first roof capacitance 10 and the further roof capacitance 38, which interlock like a comb, in order to produce the necessary capacitive coupling between the two roof capacitances.

The formation of the high-band monopoly 1 is essentially given by the planar triangular structure 4 of the first structure, provided that the inductive effect of the first conductor strips 15 with a narrow strip conductor width 14 for separating radio signals in the high-band O from the first roof capacitance 10 is large enough. This is usually the case with a strip line width of less than or equal to 7 mm. In order to increase this separating effect, provision can be made according to the invention for the first conductor strip 15 to be provided with meandering embossments 24 . Naturally, the functional subdivision of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 into the lower band monopole 2 and the upper band monopole 1 should not be viewed strictly. Rather, the transition between the effects is fluid and the subdivision is to be understood as a description of the main effects in the two frequency ranges. The mode of operation of the upper band monopole 1 located above the conductive base area 6 is essentially given by the design of the planar triangular structure 4 . In the interest of a particularly broadband behavior, a flat triangular structure 4 standing on its apex with a triangular opening angle 12 is provided in this exemplary embodiment, the apex of which is connected to the antenna connection point 5 . The antenna connection point 3 for the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is formed by this together with the ground connection point 7 on the conductive base surface 6 . The height of the base line of the flat triangular structure 4 above the conductive base area 6 essentially forms the effective upper band monopole height 8, by which the frequency behavior of the upper band monopole 1 is essentially determined. For vertical radiation pattern reasons for communications with terrestrial transmitters and receivers, the high band monopole height 8 at the upper frequency limit of the high band should not be greater than about 1/3 of the free space wavelength at that frequency. As a triangle opening angle 12 have Values between 30 and 90 degrees proved to be favourable. The resulting triangular structure with a broadband effect makes it possible, for example, to meet the frequently asked requirement for impedance matching at the base point with a value of VSWR<3-3.5 in the frequency range of the upper band O.

In order to fine-tune the interaction between the lower band monopole 2 and the upper band monopole 1, an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for a switching element with the mode of operation of a parallel resonant circuit 28 to be introduced into the first conductor strips 15. This parallel resonant circuit is used to support the frequency-selective separation of the lower band monopole 2 from signals in the upper band. According to the invention, the parallel resonant circuit 28, as in 10 shown, in each case a parallel capacitance 27 designed as an interdigital structure 26 and a parallel inductance 28 designed as a strip conductor. This switching element can also be stamped or cut from sheet metal, for example, over the first conductor strips 15, 15a or over the further conductor strips 39, 39a in the design of the mechanically self-supporting Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 or included in an antenna applied to a printed circuit board according to the invention (see figure 11 ).

In the presence of a ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25 arranged concentrically to the antenna connection point 3, it is proposed according to the invention to improve the electromagnetic decoupling by designing the triangular structure 4 with strip-shaped lamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner in the plane of the triangle and converging at the tip, and both the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42 by means of strip-shaped roof slats 19, 19a, 19b that are vertically electrically conductively separated from one another but connected at their upper end via a remaining strip 31, as shown in figure 13 for the antenna according to the invention and in figure 12 for the first structure only.

To further improve the frequency bandwidth of the high-band monopole 1, a three-dimensional structure is provided for this in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, which is formed from the two-dimensional structure in such a way that instead of the flat triangular structure 4 an approximately conical structure is sought. The form of such a monopoly is in 14 indicated by the conical monopole 18 with electrically conductive lateral surfaces. The economically advantageous manufacturability from stamped or cut sheet metal should be retained. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the flat triangular structure 4 runs together like a fan in the lower triangle apex strip-shaped lamellae 20, as in FIGS figures 9 , 12 , 13 to execute. By angling the lamellae 20 in such a way that they lie on the lateral surface of a cone standing on its apex, they become cone lamellae 30 and the conical monopole 18 in 14 is reproduced with regard to its effect as upper band monopoly 1. this is in 15 shown in detail and also according to section AA' in 16 visible as a plan view. In 16 is the in 15 indicated cone cross-section elliptical and thus the cone opening angle 17a ( 15 ) in the x-direction is chosen to be smaller than the cone opening angle 17 in the direction of travel of the vehicle (y-direction) due to the requirements with regard to the aerodynamic properties of the antenna.

Due to the scarce installation space, the essential requirement for vehicle antennas is to be small and, in particular, to minimize the ground plan of the antenna. In particular for satellite radio services and antennas for other radio services in a small space, the deformation of the directional diagram of the satellite antenna is problematic due to the radiation coupling between the antennas. This problem also exists when - as in the figures 9 , 12 , 13 , 15 - At least one ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25 arranged concentrically to the antenna connection point 3 of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is present. For this z. B. according to the standard of satellite broadcasting SDARS in the zenith angle range (angle relative to the z-axis), for example between 0 and 60 degrees, the strict requirement for an antenna gain, which depending on the operator for circular polarization of constant for example 2 dBi or 3 dBi for example at a azimuthal variation is less than 0.5 dB. In this context, the design of the triangular structure 4 of lamellae 20 converging like a fan at the tip, as in 9 , Cheaper than a closed planar triangular structure 4, for example, according to 3 . This advantage of the low influence on the radiation properties of the satellite receiving antenna 25 is particularly pronounced in the design of the high-band monopole 1 from cone lamellae 30 . By avoiding ring currents arising from the currents of the satellite antenna 25 on a conductive cone shell of the high band monopole 1 are caused by radiation coupling of the two antennas, if the cone shell is designed from cone lamellae 30 the high band monopole 1 has practically no influence on the radiation properties of the satellite receiving antenna 25.

In order to also perfect the electromagnetic decoupling between the satellite receiving antenna 25 and the planar first rectangular structure 16 of the subband monopole 2 forming the first roof capacity 10, this can essentially be separated from one another vertically and electrically conductively, but at its upper end via a remaining strip 31 contiguous strip-shaped roof slats 19, as in the 13 and 14 for an antenna according to the invention for both the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42. The stripe width 21 should not be greater than ⅛ of the free space wavelength of the highest frequency in the upper band.

figure 19 Figure 1 shows an advantageous example of a multi-structure monopole broadband antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig 13 , whereby the strip-shaped lamellae 20 are each angled out of the yz plane of the planar triangular structure 4 by the deflection angle 49, divided in the direction of the positive x-axis (lamellae 20a) and the negative x-axis (lamellae 20b), so that the high-band monopole 1 is essentially formed by these slats by two triangular structures 4a and 4b standing on their apex and all slats 20a, 20b with their lower ends in the triangle tips in the antenna connection point 5, together with the lower end of the in the center of the arrangement positioned first conductor strip 15 are united. The surface normals of these triangles are thus essentially in the xz plane, ie in the same plane as the surface normals of the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42. This forms a spatial antenna structure with a larger frequency bandwidth in the upper band O. With regard to the impedance matching, continuous conductive triangular surfaces 4a, 4b can also be designed instead of the triangular structures formed from lamellae. The first conductor strip 15 and the further conductor strip 39 are shown in simplified form as straight conductor strips and can have meandering characteristics as in FIGS figures 13 and 18 contain. The Surface normals of the rectangular structures of the first roof capacity 10 and those of the further roof capacity 38 point in the x-direction.

Provision is often made to accommodate a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 under a cover 32 made of plastic material, as is shown in 20 with view perpendicular to the direction of travel (x-direction) and in 21 is shown with a view in the direction of travel (direction of travel=y-direction). The in 21 Visible expansion of the cover 32 transverse to the direction of travel, the possibility of a further spatial design of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, which was originally produced in a planar manner, with the advantages of increasing the bandwidths of both monopoles 1 and 2. This is expressed by a better design of the antenna impedance with regard to the VSWR value at antenna connection point 3. This makes it possible to largely dispense with a matching network.

20 shows the installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention figure 19 on the outer skin of a vehicle under a cover hood 32 in a slightly perspective representation with a view of the antenna from approximately the x-direction, ie transverse to the direction of travel (direction of travel=y-direction). The conductor parts with a black background and marked with a) - these are the slats 20a - are angled out of the yz plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and the slats 20b are angled in the direction of the negative x-axis accordingly, whereby the spatial antenna structure for the high-band monopole 1 is formed.

In analogy to the design of a cone with an elliptical cross-section by corresponding deflection of the lamellae 20, 20a, 20b of the upper belt monopole 1 in 14 and figure 15 In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the slats 20, 20a, 20b can be angled out approximately along the inner edge of the cover hood 32. This means that the strip-shaped slats 20, 20a, 20b of the upper band monopole 1, which converge in the lower triangle apex, are successively bent out of the plane of the planar triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are approximately V- are arranged in a shape. The slats 20 are angled in such a way that the 20 Lamellae 20a marked in black and filled in in the x-direction and those filled in white marked slats 20b are deflected in opposite directions in the negative x-direction, so that the projection in 21 visible V-shaped structure is given. Here, too, this measure serves to increase the frequency bandwidth of the high-band monopole 1 with the associated advantage when implementing the impedance matching in the antenna base.

In general, it can be observed that the spatial design according to the invention, based on the described two-dimensional design of the monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, is additionally advantageous with regard to the problem of impedance matching over large frequency ranges. The particular advantage associated with the present invention is that this three-dimensionally designed antenna can be stamped or cut from a flat, electrically conductive structure (sheet metal or foil) and designed by simple subsequent bending, as described above.

In particular, the installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention - similar to in figure 20 - but with a view to the arrangement in the direction of travel (direction of travel = y-direction) shows in 21 overall the advantageous embodiment of the invention as a spatial antenna. The aesthetic requirement for a cover hood 32 that widens towards the bottom offers the possibility of using this space in the interest of achieving a larger bandwidth for the upper band monopole 1. By suitably selecting the deflection angle 49 and the length of the lamellae 20a, 20b, the impedance curve be designed in the upper band O according to the requirement of VSWR<3.

In 22 is an advantageous development of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in figure 19 shown. In this case, the upper band monopole 1 consists of two triangles 4a and 4b standing on their apex and angled in the positive and negative x-direction by the deflection angle 49 related to the direction of the z-axis, as in FIG figure 19 , but with triangular tips offset symmetrically to the first conductor strip 15 in the x-direction by the offset length 50. The triangular tips are connected to one another and to the first conductor strip 15 at the branching point 47 via a short connecting conductor 48 running parallel to the x-axis with a small base area spacing 51 over the conductive base area 6 . Starting from the latter, the antenna connection point 5 is formed. By a suitable choice of the dislocation length 50 as well as the deflection angle 49 and the length of the slats 20a and 20b in connection with the capacitive effect of the connecting conductor 48 routed at the base surface distance 51 of a few millimeters above the base surface 6 are the necessary degrees of freedom for setting the impedance matching over the entire frequency range of the upper band O given.

In a further advantageous application of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, this is supplemented by a further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna of the same type to form a dipole in a manner known per se. The mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the conductive base 6 is replaced by this further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in such a way that a dipole symmetrical to the conductive base 6 level is provided. The symmetrical antenna connection point of this dipole is formed between the antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the antenna connection point 5 which corresponds to this and is mirrored on the conductive base surface 6 . In an analogous manner, the free end of another conductor strip is connected to the free end of its mirror image.

In a further advantageous application of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, there is a coupling conductor 35 connected at its upper end to the first roof capacitance 10 and running towards the conductive base surface 6 to support the impedance matching at the lower frequency end of the subband, which at its lower end is coupled to the conductive base 6. This coupling conductor 35 is in 18 shown and supplements the sub-band monopoly 2 in such a way that it is possible to improve the impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 at the lower frequency end of the sub-band. By designing the coupling line width 37 or by partially meandering 24 of the coupling line 35, its inductive effect can be suitably adjusted to the requirements for impedance matching (eg VSWR<3 or <3.5). If the coupling conductor 35 has a sufficiently high inductance, it is ineffective in the frequency range of the high-band monopole 1 in such a way that its radiation properties are not impaired thereby. It is often advantageous here to galvanically or capacitively produce the coupling of the coupling conductor 35 with the conductive base surface 6 at its lower end. Especially with a particularly small antenna height 9 the impedance matching can be further improved in that this coupling of the coupling conductor 35 with the conductive base surface 6 via a two-pole coupling network 36 consisting of dummy elements (in 18 not shown in detail), takes place. In a special case, it can also be advantageous to design the coupling network 36 to be slightly lossy in order to maintain a specific VSWR value at the lower frequency end of the subband while accepting the smallest possible radiation losses.

To test the connection of an antenna via the antenna feed line, a specified DC resistance value, often up to about 1000 ohms, is required in vehicle technology at the antenna connection point. In order to meet this requirement, it can be provided according to the invention to connect a high-impedance test conductor with a DC resistance required for this purpose between the first structure and the further structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42, for the purpose of connecting the antenna. In order not to impair the function of the antenna according to the invention as a result of this measure, this test conductor must be designed with a sufficiently high impedance both in the lower band U and in the upper band O. Plastic materials to be introduced between the two roof capacitances are preferably provided for this purpose with limited electrical conductivity.

List of designations

• Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0
• Oberband monopoly 1
• Sub-band monopoly 2
• Antenna connection point 3
• Triangular structure 4, 4a, 4b
• Antenna connection point 5
• conductive base 6
• Ground connection point 7
• Upper Band Monopoly Height 8
• antenna height 9
• First roof capacity 10
• Frame structure 11
• Triangle opening angle 12
• distance 13
• Strip line width 14
• first conductor strips 15, 15a, 15b
• first rectangular structure 16
• Cone opening angle in y-direction 17
• Cone opening angle in the x-direction 17a
• conical-monopoly 18
• Roof louvre 19
• strip-shaped slats 20, 20a, 20b
• strip width 21
• vertical expansion 22
• Horizontal expansion 23
• meandering shape 24
• ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25
• interdigital structure 26
• parallel capacitance 27
• Parallel inductance 28
• parallel resonant circuit 29
• Cone blade 30, 30a, 30b
• remaining strip 31
• cover hood 32
• electrically conductive foil 33
• Coupling conductor 35
• coupling network 36
• Coupling conductor width 37
• further roof capacity 38
• further conductor strips 39, 39a
• Roof capacity coupling distance 40
• Conductor Strip Coupling Distance 41
• further rectangular structure 42
• Ground plane connection point 43
• coaxial connector 44
• coaxial plug outer conductor 45
• additional ground connection 46
• Junction point 47
• connecting conductor 48
• Deflection angle 49
• dislocation length 50
• Ground clearance 51
• Center axis Z

Claims (14)

1. A vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands, namely a lower band (U) for lower frequencies and an upper band (O) for higher frequencies, separated by a frequency gap and both disposed in the decimeter wave spectrum, for transmitting and/or receiving using terrestrially broadcast, vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base surface (6) as a vehicle ground having an antenna connection site (3) located in the monopole nadir, comprising the following features:

   - the broadband monopole antenna (0) is configured from a first and a further electrically conductive structure which are each oriented above and substantially perpendicular to the base surface (6);

   - the first electrically conductive structure comprises at the lower end of the broadband monopole antenna at least one triangular structure (4) standing on its apex and having a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, the apex of said triangular structure (4) forming an antenna connection point (5) of the antenna connection site (3);

   - the first electrically conductive structure comprises, adjacent to and beneath the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna, a first roof capacitor (10) substantially designed as a first rectangular structure (16);

   - the triangular structure (4) and the first rectangular structure (16) are inductively connected with high impedance by at least one first conductor strip (15, 15a, 15b) for separating radio signals in the upper band (O);

   - the further electrically conductive structure comprises a further roof capacitor (38) which is guided substantially in parallel with the first rectangular structure, which is configured as a further areal structure, which is capacitively coupled to the first roof capacitor (10), and which is in particular substantially formed as a rectangular structure (42);

   - the further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one further conductor strip (39, 39a) of inductively high impedance for the separation of radio signals in the upper band (O) that, connected to the further areal structure (42), extends towards the conductive base surface (6) and is conductively connected thereto at its lower end,

   - wherein the triangular structure (4) is configured by strip-shaped lamellas (20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) arranged in the manner of a fan and running together at the apex in the triangular plane.
2. A vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two frequency bands, namely a lower band (U) for lower frequencies and an upper band (O) for higher frequencies, separated by a frequency gap and both disposed in the decimeter wave spectrum, for transmitting and/or receiving using terrestrially broadcast, vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base surface (6) as a vehicle ground having an antenna connection site (3) located in the monopole nadir, comprising the following features:

   - the broadband monopole antenna (0) is configured from a first and a further electrically conductive structure which are each oriented above and substantially perpendicular to the base surface (6);

   - the first electrically conductive structure comprises at the lower end of the broadband monopole antenna a conical structure (4) standing on its apex and having a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, the apex of said conical structure (4) forming an antenna connection point (5) of the antenna connection site (3);

   - the first electrically conductive structure comprises, adjacent to and beneath the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna, a first roof capacitor (10) substantially designed as a first rectangular structure (16);

   - the conical structure (4) and the first rectangular structure (16) are inductively connected with high impedance by at least one first conductor strip (15, 15a, 15b) for separating radio signals in the upper band (O);

   - the further electrically conductive structure comprises a further roof capacitor (38) which is guided substantially in parallel with the first rectangular structure, which is configured as a further areal structure, which is capacitively coupled to the first roof capacitor (10), and which is in particular substantially formed as a rectangular structure (42);

   - the further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one further conductor strip (39, 39a) of inductively high impedance for the separation of radio signals in the upper band (O) that, connected to the further areal structure (42), extends towards the conductive base surface (6) and is conductively connected thereto at its lower end,

   - wherein the conical structure (4) is configured by strip-shaped lamellas (30, 30a, 30b) which are arranged in the manner of a fan and run together at the apex in a triangular plane and which are angled out of the triangular plane such that they extend substantially on the jacket surface of a cone standing on its apex and having a circular or elliptical cross-section.
3. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that
   the first electrically conductive structure has at least two spaced apart first conductor strips (15, 15a), whereby a frame structure (11) is formed comprising the triangular structure (4) or the conical structure, the first rectangular structure (16) and the first conductor strip (15).
4. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 or 3, characterized in that
   the internal angle (12) at the apex of the triangular structure (4) amounts approximately to between 30 and 90 degrees.
5. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
   the further electrically conductive structure is configured in a manner such that the further conductor strip (39, 39a) is connected to the further roof capacitor (38) in the region of one of the side ends and is guided at a conductor strip coupling spacing (41) from the side margin of the triangular structure (4) to the conductive base surface (6) and is conductively connected thereto at its lower end.
6. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
   the first conductor strip(s) (15, 15a, 15b) and the further conductor strip(s) (39, 39a) contain meandering shapes (24) for the frequency-selective separation.
7. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
   the further electrically conductive structure is configured in a manner such that two further conductor strips (39, 39a) are present of which each is connected - disposed opposite one another - to the further roof capacitor (38) in the region of a respective one of the side ends and is guided at a spacing from the side margin of the triangular structure (4) or of the conical structure to the conductive base surface (6) and is conductively connected thereto at its lower end.
8. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that
   at least one of the further conductor strips (39, 39a) is guided at a conductor strip coupling spacing (41) substantially in parallel with a respective first conductor strip (15, 15a) and is conductively connected at its lower end to the conductive base surface (6).
9. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 or 3 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure are applied together to a circuit board by a metallic coating (33) and the antenna connection site (3) of the broadband monopole antenna (0) is designed at the lower end of the circuit board, preferably as a plug-in connection (45) having a ground connection point (7) and a base surface connection point (43) at the conductive base surface (6).
10. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that
    the first rectangular structure (16) and/or the further areal structure (42) is/are substantially formed by strip-shaped lamellas (19, 20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) extending electrically conductively separately from one another, but contiguous at their ends.
11. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    a coupling conductor (35) is present that is inductively connected with high impedance to the first roof capacitor (10) at least in the frequency range of the upper band (O) and that is electrically conductively connected at its lower end to the conductive base surface (6).
12. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 or 3 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the first electrically conductive structure comprises two areal triangular structures (4a, 4b) which are substantially formed by two triangles standing on their apices and whose surface normals lie in the same plane as the surface normals of the first rectangular structure (16), with the triangular structures (4a, 4b) being formed by strip-shaped lamellas (20a, 20b) starting from the antenna connection site (3) and the triangular structures (4a, 4b) each being angled out by a deflection angle (49) with respect to a center axis (Z).
13. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with claim 12, characterized in that
    the triangles (4a, 4b) angled out by the deflection angle (49) are, with their triangle apices, offset with respect to one another approximately symmetrically to the antenna connection point (5) by an offset length (50) and are connected to one another and to the first conductor strip (15) via a connection conductor (48), which is guided in parallel with the base surface (6) at a base surface spacing (51), in a branch point (47) and the antenna connection point (5) is formed starting from the latter.
14. A broadband monopole antenna (0) in accordance with at least one of the claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in that
    a test conductor having a high-impedance DC current resistor is connected between the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure (16) and the further rectangular structure (42), for the purpose of a connection test of the antenna.

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