EP3178129A1

EP3178129A1 - Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range separated by a frequency gap, for motor vehicles

Info

Publication number: EP3178129A1
Application number: EP15766456.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Lindenmeier; Heinz Lindenmeier
Original assignee: Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
Current assignee: Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
Priority date: 2014-09-21
Filing date: 2015-09-17
Publication date: 2017-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-17
Also published as: CN107078382B; EP3178129B1; DE102014013926A1; CN107078382A; US10305191B2; WO2016042061A1; US20170294714A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles, for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, said antenna having a first capacity top and a further capacity top, which is capacitively coupled to the first capacity top, wherein the further capacity top has at least one inductive high-resistance conductive strip, which extends to a conductive ground surface and is conductively connected thereto at its lower end.

Description

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wave range for vehicles

The invention relates to a vertical broadband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both in

Decimeter wave range located - for vehicles and for transmitting and / or receiving terrestrially emitted vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base 6 as vehicle mass with a monopole base point antenna connection point 3, comprising an antenna connection point 5 and a ground terminal 7. Such Broadband antennas are known in the art. These antennas are designed as multi-resonant rod antennas, the coverage of several in frequency separated by frequency gaps

Frequency bands based on multiple, applied to the elongated rod wire windings, which partially overlap. Such antennas are used for transmission and reception in the decimeter-wave range on vehicles, preferably in each case on the vehicle roof. Antennas of this type have the disadvantage that they only for relatively narrow-band by each other

Frequency gaps are provided separate frequency bands and for wide

Frequency bands only very limited question. The height, their aerodynamic shape and their wind resistance value are particularly important for use on vehicles. However, the special significance is due to the usual in vehicle large numbers of economic efficiency of the production of such an antenna. This shows that the application of different wire windings must be mechanically very tight tolerances, so that the required frequency accuracy is achieved. Furthermore, the application of the windings on the rod, their attachment and the production of their long-term stability and the reproducibility of the performance of the antenna comparatively

complicated and economically complex. The large number of modern mobile radio networks, such as those designed according to the mobile telephony standard LTE (Long Term Evolution) or still under development, requires antennas with extreme bandwidth. For example, a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz is provided for the LTE mobile radio standard - hereinafter referred to as subband U - and above a frequency gap the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz denoted here by upper band O is provided, as shown in FIG 1. Frequently, in addition, a middle band M is provided in the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 1700 MHz, which is to be assigned to the upper band. Regarding the

Antenna function, the frequency gap between sub-band U and upper band O is desired to protect against the radio services located there. For this application antennas are needed, which are suitable in addition to the electrical function for vehicles, with the economy of production is of particular importance. The object of the invention is therefore an antenna for two by a

Frequency gap to specify separate frequency bands, which at low height and favorable aerodynamic properties, especially in a simple

Manufacturing process can be produced economically with little effort by special design and without matching network with concentrated components. The solution of this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims and the description as well as in drawings. The antenna may comprise a vertical wideband monopole antenna for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap - the lower band for the lower frequencies and the upper band for the higher frequencies - both located in the decimeter wave range, for vehicles and for transmission and / or reception with terrestrially emitted vertically polarized Radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base 6 as a vehicle mass with an im Monopole base antenna connection point 3, comprising a

Antenna connection point 5. The broadband monopole antenna 0 may be formed of a top band monopole 1 and a subband monopole combined and is formed for example of a first and another structure, both structures of particular unconnected, each of a mechanically stiff electrically conductive film 33 may be designed as a continuous, electrically conductive and, for example, planar structure over a conductive base 6 substantially in a plane oriented perpendicular to this plane. In this respect, the antenna can also be referred to as a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna. At the lower end of the first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, an example flat triangular structure 4 may be present as a top band monopole 1 with a substantially horizontally oriented baseline in a top band monopole 8 above the conductive base 6, the tip of which is connected to the antenna connection point 5. Adjacent to the upper end of the first electrically conductive structure located in the antenna height 9 above the conductive base surface 6

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is below a substantially designed as a particular flat first rectangular structure 16 first

Roof Capacity 10 designed. The roof capacity or the first rectangular structure is thus below the upper end of the antenna. The triangular structure 4 and the first rectangular structure 16 as the first roof capacitance 10 are inductively connected by high impedance at least one first conductor strip 15 with in particular narrow stripline width 14 of, for example, less than or equal to 7 mm for the separation of radio signals in the upper band

Essentially a first part of the subband monopole 2 is formed. A vertical multi-structure broadband monopole antenna for vehicles is disclosed for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap, namely a

Subband U for lower frequencies and an upper band O for higher ones Frequencies, both located in the decimeter wave range, for transmission and / or reception with terrestrially emitted vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base surface 6 as a vehicle mass with one located at the base of the first conductive structure

Antenna connection point 3, comprising the following features: The multi-structure broadband monopole antenna is composed of at least two,

designed in particular self-supporting electrically conductive structures which are oriented over the base 6 substantially perpendicular to this. The first electrically conductive structure may comprise at the lower end of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna a triangular structure 4 with a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, which tip forms an antenna connection point 5 of the antenna connection point 3. The first electrically conductive structure comprises adjacent to the upper end of

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, below which there is a first roofing capacity 10 designed substantially as the first rectangular structure 16

Triangular structure 4 and the first rectangular structure 16 are inductively connected by high impedance at least one first conductor strip 15, 15a for the separation of radio signals in the upper band O. The first electrically conductive structure may comprise at least two spaced-apart first conductor strips 15, 15a, whereby a frame structure 11 consisting of the triangular structure 4, the first rectangular structure 16 and the first conductor strips 15, 15a is formed. The one or more conductor strips 15, 15a may include meandering shapes 24 for frequency selective separation. The inner angle 12 at the top of the triangular structure 4 may be approximately between 30 and 90 degrees. The triangular structure 4 may also be fan-shaped in the triangle plane

arranged and converging in the tip strip-shaped fins 20 may be designed. In order to improve the electromagnetic decoupling, the first rectangular structure 16 may be formed substantially by vertical strip conductors 19, 19a, 19b, which are separated from one another by vertically electrically conductive but which are connected at their upper end by a remaining strip 31. The strip-like lamellae 30, 30a, 30b which converge in the tip can be bent out of the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they extend essentially on the lateral surface of a tip-shaped cone with a circular or elliptical cross section. The roof louvers 19 may be successively in the opposite direction in the way that they are arranged in the projection on a transverse to the strip 31 plane V-shaped. The lamellae 20a, 20b which converge in the tip can be successively counteracted in the opposite direction in the plane of the triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are arranged in the projection on a plane transverse to the triangular structure 4 in a V-shaped manner. There may be a coupling conductor 35 connected at its upper end to the first roofing capacitor 10, which is coupled at its lower end to the conductive base 6. The further electrically conductive structure comprises a further, in the illustrated embodiment substantially as a rectangular structure 42 running roof capacity 38 which is guided for capacitive coupling to the first roofing capacity 10 in a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 substantially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16. The roof capacitance coupling distance 40 is less than 1/30 of the free space wavelength λ at the lowest frequency of the sub-band U. The further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one connected to the other planar structure 42 and extending to the conductive base 6 and with this at his the lower end conductively connected, for the separation of radio signals in the upper band O inductively high-impedance further conductor strip 39th 1 The further electrically conductive structure can be designed in such a way that two

2 further conductor strips 39, 39a are present, of which each other

3 opposite - near each one of the lateral ends to the other

4 roof capacity 38 connected and at a distance from the side edge of the

5 triangular structure 4 while avoiding the overlap of the triangular structure 4 to

6 conductive base 6 is guided and at its lower end with this conductive

7 is connected.

8 For frequency selective separation, the other conductor strip (s) 39 may / may be

9 39a meander-shaped forms 24 included.

At least one of the further conductor strips 39, 39a may be arranged substantially parallel to a first conductor strip in a conductor strip l coupling interval 41

12 15,15a be guided and at its lower end with the conductive base. 6

13 conductively connected.

14 The impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3 can be in the lower

15 frequency range of the sub-band U by selecting the inductance of or

16 first conductor strip 15,15a or the one or more conductor strips 39, 39a

17 by selecting the strip conductor width 14 and / or by inserting meandering

18 characteristics 24 and by selecting the roof capacitance coupling distance 40 and

19 or the horizontal and vertical extensions 23, 23a of the first

20 rectangular structure 16 and the other planar structure 42 and by choosing the

21 conductor strip coupling distance 41 be given.

22 The first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure

23 may each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and in the first electrically

24 conductive structure, a self-supporting first conductor strip 15 may be present

25 whose stripline width 14 is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm.

26

27 The first electrically conductive structure can also be metallic

28 coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the other electrically

Be given 29 conductive structure on the second side of this circuit board and the

30 Antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 am

31 lower end of the circuit board can preferably as a connector 45 with Ground terminal 7 and base pad connection point 43, 44 to be executed on the conductive base 6. Both structures can also pass through on only one side of a printed circuit board

Design of interdigital structures for the realization of the first

Roofing capacity 10 and the other roof capacity 38, which comb-like

interlock, be realized. In the presence of a concentric with the antenna connection point 3 arranged annular satellite receiving antenna 25 may improve the

Electromagnetic decoupling both the first rectangular structure 16 and the executed as a further rectangular structure further planar structure 42 in

Essentially by vertically electrically conductive separated from each other, but at its upper end over a remaining strip 31st

continuous strip-shaped roof blades 19, 19a, 19b may be formed. The multi-structured broadband monopole antenna 0 can be arranged under a cover hood 32 and the at least one first conductor strip 15, 15a can be guided at least partially and in particular as far as possible along the inner wall of the cover hood. The mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the conductive base 6, with its omission by a same to this further

Multiple-structure broadband monopole antenna be replaced in such a way that is given to the plane of the conductive base 6 symmetrical dipole and a symmetrical antenna junction of this dipole between the

Antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the - this accordingly - mirrored to the conductive base 6

Antenna connection point 5 of the further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna is formed. The upper band monopole 1 may be formed by two flat triangular structures 4a, 4b whose surface normals are in the same plane - e.g. the x-z plane of a

Coordinate system - lie like the surface normal of the first rectangular structure 16 are formed in such a way that the of the in the origin of

Coordinate system (from which the center axis Z emanates) Antenna connection point 5 outgoing strip-shaped lamellae 20a, 20b from the yz plane - divided into lamellae 20a in the direction of the positive x-axis and in lamellae 20a in the direction of the negative x-axis - each by one

Deflection angle 49 are selected so that the upper band monopole 1 im

Essentially formed by two standing on the top triangles 4a and 4b. The two triangular structures 4a and 4b of the upper band monopole 1 can be formed from continuous conductive layers. The multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 may be mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that the horizontal extent of the flat roof capacity 10 is in the direction of travel. The strip-shaped lamellas 20 of the upper band monopoly 1 that run together in the lower triangular tip can be successively selected from the plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in such a way that they are arranged in the projection on a plane lying transversely to the direction of travel. The triangles 4a and 4b, which are angled around the deflection angle 49 and have their triangular tips, can be offset from one another by an offset length 50 approximately symmetrically with respect to the antenna connection point 5 and over a short distance parallel to the x-axis over a small base surface distance 51

Connecting conductors 48 are connected to each other, starting from the

Antenna connection point 5 may be formed. It may be connected to the first roofing capacity 10 at least in the

Frequency range of the upper band O inductively high-impedance coupling conductor 35

be present, which is electrically conductively connected at its lower end to the conductive base 6. The coupling distance for the capacitive coupling of the further roof capacity can be λ / 30, wherein in particular a roof capacitance coupling distance <λ / 30 at the lowest occurring frequency of the sub-band U can be advantageous. It may be advantageous if the further electrically conductive structure is designed in such a way that the further conductor strip in the region of one of the lateral ends connected to the further roof capacity and with a conductor strip coupling distance from the side edge of the triangular structure while avoiding the

Covering the triangular structure of the first electrically conductive structure to the conductive base 6 is guided. According to a further advantageous embodiment, a

Impedance matching at the antenna connection point of the first structure in the lower frequency range of the sub-band U by selecting the inductance of the first conductor strip or of the further conductor strips by selecting the stripline width and / or by inserting meander-shaped forms and by selecting the roof capacitance coupling distance and / or Horizontal and vertical dimensions of the first rectangular structure or the other

Rectangular structure and by choosing the conductor strip coupling distance. The first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure may each consist of electrically conductive sheet metal and in the first electrically conductive structure, a particular self-supporting first conductor strip may be present whose stripline width is in particular less than or equal to 7 mm. In particular, in the presence of an annular satellite receiving antenna arranged concentrically with the antenna connection point, the first rectangular structure and / or the further rectangular structure and / or the triangular structure can be substantially separated by an electrically conductive separation from one another, but at its end to improve the electromagnetic decoupling

be formed continuous, strip-shaped lamellae. The lamellae may be successively contrasted in such a way that they are arranged in the projection on a plane transverse to the remaining strip V-shaped. Between the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure and the other

Rectangular structure can be used for the purpose of connecting the antenna Test conductor to be connected with a high-impedance DC resistance, this test conductor can be sufficiently high impedance in both the lower band U and in the upper band O with respect to the function of the antenna. The broadband monopole antenna may be mounted on the vehicle in such a way that the horizontal extent of the flat roof capacity runs in the direction of travel. It can continue running in a lower triangle peak

strip-shaped lamellae of the upper band monopoly be sequentially out of the plane of the triangular surface structure in such a way that they are arranged in the projection on a direction transverse to the direction of the plane V-shaped. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the planar structure of the further roof capacity by a parallel in a surface to the first

Rectangular structure in the roof capacitance coupling distance extending, electrically conductive conductor strip be designed, which may be shaped in particular meandering. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The associated figures show in detail: FIG. 1: Frequency ranges according to the LTE mobile radio standard as an example for two frequency bands separated by a frequency gap in the decimeter wave range with a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz as sub-band U and a frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz as

Upper band O above a frequency gap Fig. 2: Two-dimensional first electrically conductive structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention over the electrically conductive base 6 and formed at the base antenna connection point 3 with standing on top flat triangular structure 4 as the upper band monopoly. 1 and the first roofing capacity 10, which via two first conductor strips 15 with meander-shaped expression 24 with the triangular structure 4 to form the first part of the subband monopole 2 are connected. Thus, a frame structure 1 1, consisting of the triangular structure 4, the first

The structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 can be holistically punched or cut from sheet metal or printed on a printed circuit board. Fig. 3: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention consisting of the first electrically conductive structure as shown in Figure 2, combined with the further electrically conductive structure. wherein the further roofing capacity 38 in the form of the further rectangular structure 42 is guided in a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 substantially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 of the first structure and the further rectangular structure 42 via the leading surface 6 towards extending further conductor strips 39 with meandering form 24 with the conductive base 6 in

Base area connection point 43 is connected. The combination of the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure is the

Subband monopole 2 completely formed. Fig. 4: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a

first electrically conductive structure as shown in Fig. 3, wherein the vertical

extending outside of the triangular structure 4 fanned from the contiguous electrically conductive central part above the apex of the triangle and are designed as conductor strips and these continued above the triangular structure 4 as conductor strips 15, 15a and connected to the first rectangular structure 16, whereby a frame structure 1 1 is formed. The further rectangular structure 42 of the further electrically conductive structure is, as in FIG. 3, arranged in the roof capacitance coupling distance 40 parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 and the further conductor strip 39 is guided in the conductor strip coupling distance 41 substantially parallel to the first conductor strip 15. By adjusting the roof capacitance coupling distance 40, the conductor strip coupling distance 41 and by selecting the

Horizontal extension 23a and the vertical extension 22a of the further roof capacitance 38 is at the antenna connection point 3 or at the coaxial connector 44 located there impedance matching without achieved additional electrical components in particular at the lower end of the lower frequency band U. Fig. 5: a) extremely broadband course of the impedance at the

Antenna connection point 3 of a 4.5 cm high multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention (as in Figure 4) for the

Frequency range of sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) and of

Upper band O (here with 1.35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) and the frequency gap between 1 GHz and 1.35 GHz in the Z0 = 50 Ohm complex impedance plane; b) Impedance curve as in Figure a), but exclusively for the

Frequency range of sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) for a better overview. Even at the lowest frequencies, the adaptation value VSWR <3.5. The impedance curve shows the tendency of the wrap of the

Adaptation point, which can be achieved by the combination of the two structures on the capacitive coupling of the first and the further roof capacity and the first and the other conductor strips; c) impedance curve as in Figure a), but exclusively for the

Frequency range of the upper band O (here with 1, 35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) for a better overview. d) Exemplary profile of the VSWR of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in the frequency range of the sub-band U. The combination of the structures according to the invention makes it possible, with an antenna height 9 of only 52 mm - that is a relative at 700 MHz

Antenna height of 12% - and at a horizontal extent 23 of the first roof capacity 10 of only 30mm to meet the often required condition of VSWR <3. e) impedance curve corresponding to the VSWR curve of the described under d) multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0. The

Impedance curve is in the entire frequency range between 700 MHz and 960 MHz within the circuit shown for VSWR = 3. Example of a monopole antenna in the form of a singularly standing first structure of the multi-structure wideband monopole antenna 0 cited in FIG. 5 for describing the influence of the further structure electromagnetically coupled to the first structure on the course of the impedance in FIGS. 7 ac ) Course of the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of the 4.5 cm high singularly standing first structure in Figure 6 as part of broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in Figure 4. Due to the low at the wavelength at low frequencies of the sub-band U.

Antenna height 9 of about 1/10 results with the first structure the large mismatch of VSWR = 12. b) Impedance curve as in Figure a), but exclusively for the

Frequency range of sub-band U (700 MHz to 1 GHz) for a better overview. c) impedance curve as in Figure a), but exclusively for the

Frequency range of the upper band O (here with 1, 35 GHz to 2.7 GHz) for a better overview.

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with two further conductor strips 39, 39a of the further structure, each of which opposite each other - connected in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends to the further roof capacitance 38 and at a distance from the side edge of the triangular structure 4th while avoiding the overlap of the triangular structure 4 are guided to the conductive base 6 and are connected at its lower end with this conductive. By avoiding the overlap, the coupling of the further conductor strips 39, 39a and the upper band monopole 1 is reduced. Two-dimensional multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, wherein the flat triangular structure 4 of the upper band monopole 1 by arranged in the triangular plane fan-like and running together at the lower triangle peak strip-shaped Slats 20 is designed. The exclusively connected via the triangular tip slats 20 cause in the presence of a concentrically shaped annular satellite receiving antenna 25, the electromagnetic decoupling of the upper band monopoly 1 of this antenna. 10 shows an example of a conductive foil or sheet by punching or cutting or printed on a printed circuit board manufacturable structure with the

Frequency response of an electrical parallel resonant circuit 29,

switched into a first conductor strip 15 and a second

Conductor strip 39 for the design of the frequency-selective separation of

Subband monopoly 2 from the upper band monopoly 1. The parallel resonant circuit 29 is by interdigital structure 26 as a parallel capacitor 27 and the

Conductor loop formed as a parallel inductor 28. Fig. 1 1: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 2, combined with a concentric tip of the flat triangular structure 4. To further increase the inductive effect of the first conductor strips 15, 15a further meandering shapes 24 are formed by way of example. Fig. 12: Only the first structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is shown as in Fig. 4 with annular

Satellite receiving antenna 25, however, to improve the electromagnetic decoupling between this and the sub-band monopole 2, the flat first rectangular structure 16 by vertically separated from each other, but at its upper end via a remaining strip 31 contiguous strip-shaped roof blades 19 is formed. Fig. 13: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 9, the, but with only a self-supporting first conductor strip 15 with greater sheet thickness in favor of special mechanical rigidity and to achieve the necessary own inductance of the first conductor strip 15 with accordingly several meandering embossments 24 is provided. Fig. 14: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 3, but with a instead of the flat triangular structure cone-shaped and standing on top trained upper band monopoly 1 to increase the bandwidth in the upper band. The electrically conductive conical surface is indicated by dots. FIG. 15: top band monopole, as in FIGS. 9, 12 and 13, wherein, however, the fan-like converging strip-shaped lamellae 30 of the upper band monopole 1 in the lower triangular tip are selected from the plane of the flat triangular structure 4 she's like that

Generating lines of a cone according to FIG. 14 on the tip with a circular or elliptical cross section. 16 shows a plan view of an antenna according to the section line A-A 'indicated in FIG. 15 for clarifying the course of the fan-shaped conical slats 30, 30a, 30b. The annular satellite receiving antenna 25a is indicated by broken lines. Fig. 17: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 3, wherein the first electrically conductive structure is given by metallic coating 33 on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this printed circuit board and the

Antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the circuit board is preferably designed as a plug connection 45 with ground connection point 7 and base area connection point 43, 44 on the conductive base 6. Fig. 18: Example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 13, but with one with the first roofing capacity 10th

coupled and connected to the conductive base 6 via the additional ground terminal 46 coupling conductor 35 as a supplement to the subband monopole 2 to further improve the impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3. FIG. 19: Example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 after the Invention as in Fig. 13, wherein the strip-shaped fins 20 from the yz plane of flat triangular structure 4 divided in the direction of the positive x-axis (lamellae 20a) and the negative x-axis (lamellae 20a) are each selected by the deflection angle 49, so that the upper band monopole 1 substantially by two standing on top of the triangle structures 4a and 4b is formed, the tips of which are combined in the antenna connection point 5 and whose surface normals lie substantially in the same plane as the surface normal of the first rectangular structure 16. As a result, a spatial antenna structure is formed. The first conductor strip 15 and the other

Conductor strips 39 are shown simplified as a straight conductor in the conductor strip coupling distance 41 led to each other and can in the

Realization meander-shaped forms, as shown in Figures 13 and 18. The surface normals of the rectangular structures of the first

Roofing capacity 10 and the other roof capacity 38 have

preferably in the x direction. 19 shows the installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention according to FIG. 19 on the outer skin of a vehicle under a cover 32 in a weakly perspective view with a view of the antenna approximately from the x-direction, ie transversely to the direction of travel (y). Direction). The black highlighted and marked with a) ladder parts - these are the lamellae 20a - are selected from the yz plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and accordingly the slats 20b are in the direction of the negative x-axis ausgekelt, causing the spatial antenna structure is formed. Fig. 21: Installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention similar to Figure 20, but with a view to the arrangement in the direction of travel (y-direction). Fig. 22: multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a top band monopole 1, consisting of two standing on top and in the positive and negative x-direction in each case by the direction of the z-axis related Auslenkwinkel 49 angled Triangles 4a and 4b as in FIG. 19, but with triangular tips offset symmetrically with respect to the first conductor strip 15 in the x direction by the offset length 50, which are arranged parallel to the x axis over the small base surface distance 51 over a short distance. Axis guided connecting conductors 48 are connected to each other and with the first conductor strip 15 at the branch point 47, from which the antenna connection point 5 is formed. Fig. 23: A further advantageous embodiment of the further planar structure of the further roof capacity by a running in a surface parallel to the first rectangular structure in the roof capacitance coupling distance, electrically conductive conductor strip, which is formed meander-shaped.

A particular advantage of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is the property that the impedance measurable at the antenna connection point 3 broadband can be made largely problem-free in the vicinity of the prescribed for antenna systems for vehicles standard impedance of Z0 = 50 ohms. This further results in the economic advantage that a matching network between the antenna connection point 3 in the base of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the secondary circuit can usually be dispensed with or at least made particularly low in effort. In the following, for example, a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention for the two separated by a frequency gap

Frequency ranges according to the illustrated in Fig. 1 sub-band U and the upper band O explained. The first structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in its planar design is shown in FIG. 2 and essentially consists of a part of the subband monopole 2 for covering the sub-band U with an antenna height 9 required in combination with a top-band monopole 1 with the upper band monopole 8 with a common

Antenna connection point 3 is formed. To avoid an excessive effective antenna height 9 in the frequency range of the upper band of the lower band monopole 2 in the frequency range of the upper band O inductively high-impedance first conductor strip 15 is designed with narrow stripline width 14 in conjunction with a first roof capacity 10. The latter is essentially as a flat first Rectangle structure 16 executed and designed in comparison to the vertical extent 22 large horizontal extension 23. Figure 3 shows the three-dimensional multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in a weak perspective view. It consists of the first electrically conductive structure as shown in Fig. 2, combined with the further electrically conductive structure. The latter consists essentially of the further roof capacity 38 in the form of the further rectangular structure 42 (dotted marked for clarity), which in a roof capacity coupling distance 40 in

Is guided substantially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 of the first structure and one connected to the further rectangular structure 42, for conducting

Base surface 6 further extending further conductor strip 39. The further conductor strip 39 is guided in a conductor strip coupling distance 41 substantially parallel to the first conductor strip 15 to the conductive base surface and conductively connected thereto in the base area connection point 43. To increase the

Self-inductance of the first conductor strip 15,15 a and the other conductor strip / s 24 meander-shaped forms 24 are present. The combination of the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure is the

Subband monopole 2 completely formed. The reference character Z designates, as in the other figures, extending through the antenna connection point 5 (vertical) center axis, which forms in particular an axis of symmetry of the antenna. Figure 4 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention with a first electrically conductive structure as in Fig. 3, wherein the vertical outer sides left and right of the triangular structure 4 from the continuous electrically conductive central part above the top of the triangle fanned out and designed as a conductor strip and these are continued above the triangular structure 4 as a conductor strip 15 and connected to the first rectangular structure 16, whereby also a

Frame structure 1 1 is formed. The further rectangular structure 42 of the further electrically conductive structure is, as in FIG. 3, arranged in the roof capacitance coupling distance 40 parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 and the further conductor strip 39 is substantially parallel to the first in the conductor strip coupling spacing 41

Conductor strips 41 out. The illustration shows that the Dachkapazität- coupling distance 40 and the conductor strip coupling distance 41 in an advantageous manner can be chosen differently. By adjusting the Dachkapazität- coupling distance 40, the conductor strip coupling distance 41 and by selecting the horizontal extension 23 a and the vertical extension 22 a of the other

Roof capacitance 38 is achieved at the antenna connection 5 or at the coaxial plug connection located there impedance matching without additional electrical components in particular at the lower end of the lower frequency band U. To the demand for the simplest and most economical

To meet manufacturing, both the first structure and the further structure of the multi-structure broadband antenna 0 according to the invention, for example, in each case of an electrically conductive film 33 as a continuous, electrically conductive structure extending in a substantially perpendicular to the conductive base 6 level extending designed. It turns out to be a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention for the self-supporting, electrically conductive structures, which are each integrally formed in particular to use electrically conductive sheet or in each case a self-supporting electrically conductive film, resulting in the entire multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 a mechanically self-supporting arrangement of the structures can be produced. These structures can be produced, for example, by a punching process or by a controlled cutting process, for example by controlled laser cutting. This will be especially large

Quantities prove the production of a punching tool as economically advantageous because the antenna by automated punching extremely

can be inexpensively duplicated. On the other hand, in smaller

Quantities computer-controlled laser cutting prove to be more economical. Fabrication of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 made of sheet metal offers the particular advantage of metallic rigidity, which for the

Use as a vehicle antenna is of particular importance. A particular advantage of this flat design structure is their negligible wind resistance to call, if it is designed to extend in an advantageous manner in a plane whose normal is oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle. According to the additional task with regard to the required mechanical stability for holding the first roofing capacity 10 through narrow first conductor strips 15, 15 a, it is inventively provided, this mechanically sufficiently rigid perform. In a particularly advantageous

Embodiment of a punched or cut sheet made multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is a

Frame structure 1 1 designed to achieve a special rigidity. In this case, the frame structure 1 1 is shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 for the first structure. The frame structure 11 is in each case made up of two narrow first conductor strips 15, 15a guided at a sufficient distance 13 from one another, the base line of the flat triangular structure 4 and the flat first rectangular structure 16 of the first

Roofing capacity 10 is formed. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with two further conductor strips 39, 39a is shown in FIG. Both further conductor strips 39, 39a, of which each opposite each other - in the vicinity of one of the lateral ends connected to the further roof capacity 38 and at a distance from the side edge of the triangular structure 4 while avoiding the overlap of the triangular structure 4 to the conductive base 6 is at the bottom with the senior

Base 6 connected. Thus, a frame structure is also formed, consisting of the further conductor strips 39, 39 a and the further rectangular structure 42, so that the further structure with advantageous rigidity can also be realized. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first electrically conductive structure consists of a material of particular rigidity,

for example, from sheet metal. When using such materials, the

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with only a first conductor strip 15, as shown in Fig. 13, are designed. For the sake of mechanical

Stability is for this, however, then a larger stripline width 14 advantageous. To design a sufficiently large inductive effect of the first

Conductor strip 15 turn out to be several meander-shaped expression 24 as necessary in the rule. These requirements also apply in FIG. 13 to the further conductor strip 39, which connects the further rectangular structure 42 to the conductive base area 6. To circumvent stiffness problems, the antenna in FIG. 13 may be advantageously implemented as a printed circuit board, similar to that shown in FIG. In a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 of this kind, the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) <3 is required, for example, for adapting antenna systems to the standard impedance of Z0 = 50 ohms prescribed for vehicles in the above-described subband. This value can be in an antenna according to the invention in its full execution at the

Antenna connection point 3 already with an antenna height 9 of <6 cm

basically be achieved. The properties of the subband monopole 2 are essentially determined by its antenna height 9 and by the size of the flat first roof capacity 10, the horizontal extent 23 with about 5cm much larger, that can be designed at least three times larger than the vertical extent 22. Eine Although much larger vertical extent 22 increases at a given antenna height 9, although the capacity value of the first roof capacity 10, but reduces the effective height of the sub-band monopoly 2, which in contrast to the capacitance square in the formation of the

Frequency bandwidth of the subband monopoly 2 is received. In particular to fulfill the adjustment requirement with VSWR <3 at the lowest frequencies of the

Subbands U according to the invention the combination of the first structure with the further structure is necessary. This is particularly impressive from a

Comparison of the impedances at the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in Figure 4 and the singular standing first structure in Figure 6. The corresponding frequency profiles of the impedances are shown for the frequency range of the sub-band U in FIGS. 5b and 7b. At the lowest frequency of 700 MHz, the real part of the impedance (related value = 0.18) of the singular first structure at a high negative imaginary part is extremely low, giving the totally unacceptable VSWR of 12. In contrast, the real part of the impedance is given in Figure 5b with the high value of about 3 at a small imaginary part. The VSWR value is about 3.5 in this example. Furthermore, the impedance curve in FIG. 5b shows the tendency of the wrap around of the

Adjustment point, whereby the much larger bandwidth in the sub-band U is justified. It is thus shown that with the aid of the inventive capacitive coupling of the roof capacitances in connection with the coupling of the conductor strips between the first structure and the further structure, the desired

Improving the impedance at the antenna connection point 3 of the first structure is given in terms of impedance matching and their bandwidth. In terms of designing the widest possible range in this Frequency range are the antenna height 9 and the size of the first

Rectangular structure 16 with its horizontal extension 23 and its vertical

Extension 22 of crucial importance. In this case, it is essential to optimally select the vertical extent 22 for a given antenna height 9.

It also follows that the dimensions of the further rectangular structure 42 as a rule are to be selected smaller than the dimensions of the first rectangular structure 16, in order to achieve optimum impedance matching in this frequency range

Antenna connection point 3 to achieve. The roof capacitance coupling distance 40 can be very small and should not exceed a value of λ / 30 at the lowest frequency of the sub-band U. The subband monopole 2 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is thus characterized by the invention described combination of the first structure having the further structure with its

Antenna connection point 3 formed on the first structure. Only in this way is it possible to meet the high adaptation requirements in the entire sub-band U without the use of concentrated components in a matching network.

From this comparison between the antenna according to the invention in Figure 4 and the singularly standing first structure in Figure 6 it is equally evident that the tendency of the larger bandwidth in the case of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 is also confirmed in the upper band O, because of the impedance -Verlauf in Figure 5c of the antenna in Figure 4 wraps around the adjustment point at the

Antenna connection point 3 with a larger bandwidth than the impedance curve in Figure 7c of the singular standing first structure in Figure 6. Particularly good adaptation values were exemplified with a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention in the frequency range of

Subbands U achieved by the inventive combination of the first and the further structure. As shown in FIG. 5d, with an antenna height 9 of only 52 mm (which is a relative antenna height of 12% at 700 MHz) and with a horizontal extent 23 of the first roof capacitance 10 of only 30 mm, the frequently required condition of VSWR <3 was in the entire subband U met. The impedance curve corresponding to this VSWR curve in FIG. 5e lies within the frequency range between 700 MHz and 960 MHz within the circuit shown for VSWR = 3 In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive structures can also be selected by the metallic coating of a dielectric plate, that is to say a printed circuit board. In this case, however, it should be noted that a material considered for economic reasons for the circuit board in the decimeter wave range is lossy, so that it can be provided according to the invention to print the structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 on the printed circuit board in a manner known per se, however, these are approximately in accordance with the outlines of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with slight

Prone to prune the course of electric field lines in the

lossy dielectric plate to keep as small as possible. This form of printed representation of conductive structures is particularly advantageous in complicated geometric structure of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0, because the intersection lines can be made less finely following the geometric structure and therefore require a less expensive punching tool. The property of the above-described small roof capacitance coupling pitch 40 of an antenna according to the invention enables the advantageous realization of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 17, on a printed circuit board, wherein the first electrically conductive structure is provided by metallic coating 33 is given on a first side of a printed circuit board and the further electrically conductive structure on the second side of this circuit board and the antenna connection point 3 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the lower end of the circuit board preferably as a coaxial connector 44 with ground terminal 7 as a coaxial plug outer conductor 45 is performed with connection to the conductive base 6 and with base connection point 43 on the conductive base 6. The property of the small roof capacitance coupling distance 40 of an antenna according to the invention furthermore makes it possible to realize the advantageous realization of the first and the further structure together on one and the same side of a printed circuit board. For example, both structures can also be formed on only one side of a printed circuit board by designing

interdigital structures for the realization of the first roof capacity 10 and the further roof capacity 38, which mesh comb-like, are realized, so as to produce the necessary capacitive coupling between the two roof capacities. The formation of the upper band monopole 1 is essentially given by the flat triangular structure 4 of the first structure, provided that the inductive effect of the first conductor strip 15 with a narrow stripline width 14 for the separation of radio signals in the upper band O of the first roofing capacity 10 is sufficiently large. This is usually given with a stripline width of less than or equal to 7 mm. To increase this separating effect can be inventively provided to provide the first conductor strip 15 with meandering shapes 24. Of course, the functional subdivision of the multi-structure wideband monopole antenna 0 into the subband monopole 2 and the top band monopole 1 is not strict. Rather, the transition between the

Effects fluent and to understand the subdivision as a description of the main effects in the two frequency ranges. The mode of action of the upper band monopole 1 located above the conductive base 6 is shown in FIG

Essentially given by the design of the flat triangular structure 4. In the interest of a particularly broadband behavior is in this

Embodiment provided a standing on the top flat triangular structure 4 with triangular opening angle 12, the tip of which with the

Antenna connection point 5 is connected. Through this, together with the ground terminal 7 on the conductive base 6, the

Antenna connection point 3 for the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 formed. The height of the base line of the flat triangular structure 4 above the conductive base 6 substantially forms the effective upper band monopole height 8, by which the frequency response of the upper band monopole 1 is substantially determined. For reasons of the vertical radiation pattern for communication with terrestrial transmitting and receiving stations, the upper band monopole height 8 at the upper frequency limit of the upper band should not be greater than about 1/3 of the free space wavelength at this frequency. As a triangle opening angle 12, values between 30 and 90 degrees have proved favorable. The resulting broad band triangular structure makes it possible, for example, to meet the frequently asked demand for impedance matching at the base point at a value of VSWR <3-3.5 in the frequency range of the upper band O. In order to fine tune the interaction between the subband monopole 2 and the top band monopole 1, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the invention to introduce a switching element with the mode of operation of a parallel resonant circuit 28 into the first conductor strips 15. This

Parallel resonant circuit is used to support the frequency-selective separation of the sub-band monopole 2 of signals in the upper band. According to the invention 10, as shown in FIG. 10, a parallel capacitance 27 embodied as an interdigital structure 26 and a parallel inductance 28 embodied as a strip conductor are also punched or cut from sheet metal via the first conductor strips 15, 15a or over the other Conductor strips 39, 39a in the design of the mechanically self-supporting multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 or in a mounted on a printed circuit board antenna according to the invention are included (see Figure 1 1). In the presence of a ring-shaped satellite receiving antenna 25 arranged concentrically with the antenna connection point 3, it is proposed to improve the electromagnetic decoupling by designing the triangular structure 4 by strip-shaped lamellae 20 arranged in a fan-like manner and converging in the tip, and both the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42 substantially vertically vertically separated from each other, but at its upper end over a remaining strip 31 contiguous strip-shaped roof blades 19, 19a, 19b form, as in Figure 13 for the antenna according to the invention and in Figure 12 for the only first Structure is shown. To further improve the frequency bandwidth of the upper band monopole 1, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional structure is provided for the latter, which is formed from the two-dimensional structure in such a way that, instead of the flat triangular structure 4, an approximately conical structure is sought becomes. The shape of such a monopole is indicated in Fig. 14 by the conical monopole 18 with electrically conductive lateral surfaces. In this case, the economically advantageous manufacturability of punched or cut sheet should be maintained. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to carry out the flat triangular structure 4 in the form of a fan-like strip-shaped lamellae 20 running together in the lower triangular tip, as in FIGS. 9, 12, 13. By diffusing the fins 20 so that they lie on the lateral surface of a cone standing on the top, these become cone fins 30 and the conical monopole 18 in Fig. 14 is modeled in terms of its effect as a top band monopole 1. This is shown in detail in Fig. 15 and also according to the section AA 'in Fig. 16 as a plan view. In Fig. 16 the indicated in Fig. 15 cone cross section elliptical and thus the cone opening angle 17a (Fig.15) in the x direction due to the requirements with respect to the aerodynamic properties of the antenna chosen smaller than the cone opening angle 17 in the direction of travel of the vehicle (y direction). Due to the limited space available in vehicle antennas is the essential requirement for smallness and in particular to minimize the floor plan of the antenna. In particular for satellite radio services and antennas for other radio services in a small space thereby the deformation of the

Directional diagram of the satellite antenna problematic due to the radiation coupling between the antennas. This problem exists even if - as in the figures 9, 12, 13, 15 - at least one concentric to

Antenna connection point 3 of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 arranged annular satellite receiving antenna 25 is present. For this exists z. B. according to the standard of satellite broadcasting SDARS in

Zenith angle range (angle to the z-axis) e.g. between 0 and 60 degrees, the stringent requirement for an antenna gain which, depending on the operator, for circular polarization of constant e.g. 2 dBi or e.g. 3 dBi at an azimuthal fluctuation of less than 0.5 dB. In this context, the design of the triangular structure 4 is fan-shaped at the top

converging slats 20, as in Fig. 9, more favorable than a closed flat triangular structure 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 3. This advantage of the slight influence on the radiation characteristics of the satellite receiving antenna 25 is particularly pronounced in the design of the upper band monopoly 1 of cone blades 30 , By avoiding ring currents, which are caused by the currents on the satellite antenna 25 on a conductive cone sheath of the upper band monopoly 1 by radiation coupling of the two antennas, in the design of the cone sheath of cone blades 30 of

High-band monopole 1 practically without influence on the radiation properties of the satellite receiving antenna 25. To the electromagnetic decoupling between the satellite receiving antenna 25 and the first roof capacity 10 forming flat first

Rectangular structure 16 of the sub-band monopole 2 to perfect, this according to the invention essentially by vertically electrically conductive separated from each other, but at its upper end over a remaining Strip 31 contiguous strip-shaped roof blades 19, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14 for an antenna according to the invention for both the first

Rectangular structure 16 as well as the further rectangular structure 42,

be executed. The strip width 21 should in each case not be greater than s of the free space wavelength of the highest frequency in the upper band. Figure 19 shows an advantageous example of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention as in Fig. 13, wherein the strip-shaped fins 20 from the y-z plane of the flat triangular structure 4 divided into

Direction of the positive x-axis (lamellae 20a) and the negative x-axis (lamellae 20 b) are each selected by the deflection angle 49, so that the upper band monopoly 1 through these lamellae essentially by two on the apex triangular structures 4a and 4b is formed and wherein all the lamellae 20a, 20b with their lower ends in the triangular tips in

Antenna connection point 5, together with the lower end of the positioned in the center of the arrangement of the first conductor strip 15 are united. The

Surface normals of these triangles are thus substantially in the x-z plane, i. in the same plane as the surface normals of the first rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42. As a result, a spatial antenna structure with a larger frequency bandwidth in the upper band O is formed. Regarding the

Impedance matching can be done instead of the lamellae

Triangular structures also interconnected conductive triangular surfaces 4a, 4b are designed. The first conductor strip 15 and the further conductor strip 39 are represented in a simplified manner as straight conductor strips and, in the realization, can contain meander-like forms as in FIGS. 13 and 18. The

Surface normals of the rectangular structures of the first roofing capacity 10 and those of the further roofing capacity 38 point in the x-direction. Often it is provided to accommodate a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 under a cover 32, made of plastic material, as shown in Fig. 20 with a view transverse to the direction of travel (x-direction) and in Fig. 21 with a view in the direction of travel (direction = y Direction) is shown. Here, the visible in Fig. 21 expansion of the cover 32 transverse to the direction of the possibility of further spatial design of the originally areal prepared multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 with the advantages of increasing the bandwidths of both monopolies 1 and 2. This is expressed by a better Creativity of the Antenna impedance with respect to the VSWR value at the Goldschatz can not come out antenna connection point 3. This gives the possibility to be able to largely do without a matching network. Fig. 20 shows the installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention according to Figure 19 on the outer skin of a vehicle under a cover 32 in a weak perspective view of the antenna approximately from the x-direction, ie transverse to the direction of travel (direction of travel = y direction). The black highlighted and marked with a) ladder parts - these are the lamellae 20a - are selected from the yz plane of the flat triangular structure 4 in the direction of the x-axis and accordingly the lamellae 20b in the direction of the negative x-axis ausgekelt, causing the spatial

Antenna structure for the upper band monopole 1 is formed. In analogy to the design of a cone with an elliptical cross section by corresponding deflection of the lamellae 20, 20a, 20b of the upper band monopoly 1 in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the lamellae 20, 20a, 20b can be approximately the inner boundary the cover 32 are selected following. That is, the converging in the lower triangle peak strip-shaped fins 20, 20a, 20b of the upper band monopoly 1 are from the plane of the flat triangular structure 4th

successively bent in such a way that they are arranged approximately V-shaped in the projection on a transverse plane to the direction of travel. In this case, the lamellae 20 are selected in such a way that the lamellae 20a marked black filled in FIG. 20 in the x direction and the lamellae 20b marked filled in white are deflected in the opposite direction in the negative x direction, so that the lamellae shown in the projection in FIG. 21 visible V-shaped structure is given. Again, this measure serves to increase the frequency bandwidth of the upper band monopole 1 with the associated advantage in the

Realization of the impedance matching in the antenna base. In general, it can be observed that the spatial design according to the invention, starting from the described two-dimensional design of the

monopole antenna according to the invention 0 with respect to the problem of

Impedance adaptation over large frequency ranges is additionally advantageous. The present invention thus has the particular advantage that it spatially designed antenna from a sheet-like electrically conductive structure (sheet or foil) punched or cut and by simple subsequent bending, as described above, can be designed. In particular, the installation situation of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention - similar to Figure 20 - but with a view to the arrangement in the direction of travel (direction of travel = y-direction) in Fig. 21 shows the overall advantageous embodiment of the invention as a spatial antenna. The aesthetic demand for a downwardly widening cover 32 offers the possibility of using this space in the interest of achieving a larger bandwidth for the upper band monopole. 1 By suitable choice of the deflection angle 49 and the length of the slats 20a, 20b, the impedance curve in the upper band O

according to the requirement for VSWR <3. FIG. 22 shows an advantageous development of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 in FIG. In this case, the upper band monopole 1 consists of two triangles 4 a and 4 b, which are positioned on the tip and in the positive or negative x direction respectively about the deflection angle 49 related to the direction of the z axis, as in FIG. 19, but symmetrically with respect to the first

Conductor strips 15 in the x-direction by the offset length 50 offset triangle peaks. The triangle tips are guided over a short, with a small base surface distance 51 above the conductive base 6 parallel to the x-axis

Connecting conductor 48 with each other and with the first conductor strip 15 in

Branching point 47 connected. Starting from the latter is the

Antenna connection point 5 is formed. By a suitable choice of the offset length 50 and the deflection angle 49 and the length of the slats 20a and 20b in

Connection with the capacitive effect of the guided in the base area distance 51 of a few millimeters above the base 6 connecting conductor 48, the necessary degrees of freedom for the adjustment of the impedance matching over the entire frequency range of the upper band O are given. In a further advantageous application of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention, this is supplemented by a further, same to this same multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in a known per se to a dipole. In this case, the mirror image of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 at the conductive base 6 with the elimination thereof replaced further multi-structure broadband monopole antenna in such a way that is given to the plane of the conductive base 6 symmetrical dipole. The symmetrical antenna connection point of this dipole is between the

Antenna connection point 5 of the multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 and the - this corresponding to the conductive base surface 6 mirrored

Antenna connection point 5 is formed. In an analogous way, the free end of another conductor strip is connected to the free end of its mirror image. In a further advantageous application of a multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0 according to the invention is in support of the impedance matching at the lower frequency end of the lower band connected at its upper end with the first roof capacitance 10 and the conductive base 6 out

extending coupling conductor 35 is present, which is coupled at its lower end to the conductive base 6. This coupling conductor 35 is shown in Fig. 18 and complements the sub-band monopole 2 in such a way that it is possible that

To improve impedance matching at the antenna connection point 3, at the lower frequency end of the sub-band. By designing the coupling conductor width 37 or by partially meandering shape 24 of the coupling lead 35, its inductive effect can be suitably adjusted to the requirements for the impedance matching (for example VSWR <3 or <3.5). With sufficiently inductive high-impedance design of the Koppleiters 35 this is ineffective in the frequency range of the upper band monopoly 1 in such a way that its radiation properties are not affected. It is often advantageous to produce the coupling of the Koppeileiters 35 with the conductive base 6 at its lower end galvanically or capacitively. In particular, with a particularly small antenna height 9, the impedance matching can be further improved by this

Coupling of Koppeileiters 35 with the conductive base 6 via a two-pole coupling network 36, consisting of reactive elements (not shown in Fig. 18), takes place. In a special case, it may also be advantageous to make the coupling network 36 slightly lossy to the lower

Frequency end of the lower band to comply with a certain VSWR value at the expense of the smallest possible radiation losses. To test the connection of an antenna via the antenna feed line in the vehicle technology at the antenna connection point a predetermined

DC resistance value, often required up to about 1000 ohms. To this In accordance with the invention, it can be provided to switch between the first structure and the further structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure 16 and the further rectangular structure 42 for the purpose of connection testing of the antenna, a high-impedance test conductor with a DC resistance required for this purpose. To the function of

The antenna according to the invention should not be affected by this measure, this test conductor is to make sufficiently high impedance both in the sub-band U and in the upper band O. Preferably, limited electrically conductive, to be introduced between the two roof capacities plastic materials are provided for this purpose.

List of terms

Multi-structure broadband monopole antenna 0

Upper-band monopoly 1

Subband monopoly 2

Antenna connection point 3

Triangular structure 4, 4a, 4b

Antenna connection point 5

conductive base 6

Ground connection point 7

Upper Band Monopoly Height 8

Antenna height 9

First roof capacity 10

Frame structure 1 1

Triangle opening angle 12

Distance 13

Stripline width 14

first conductor strips 15, 15a, 15b

first rectangular structure 16

Cone opening angle in y-direction 17

Cone opening angle in the x direction 17a

conical monopole 18

Roof lamella 19

strip-shaped lamellae 20, 20a, 20b

Strip width 21

Vertical extension 22

Horizontal expansion 23

meandering form 24

annular satellite receiving antenna 25

Interdigital structure 26

Parallel capacity 27

Parallel inductance 28

Parallel resonant circuit 29

Cone blade 30, 30a, 30b

remaining strip 31

Cover 32 electrically conductive foil 33 coupling conductor 35

Coupling network 36

Coupling conductor width 37

further roof capacitance 38 further conductor strips 39, 39a roof capacitance coupling distance 40 conductor strip coupling distance 41 further rectangular structure 42 base connection point 43 coaxial plug connection 44 coaxial plug outer conductor 45 additional ground connection 46 branch point 47

Connecting conductor 48

Deflection angle 49

Displacement length 50

Base area distance 51 center axis Z

Claims

claims

1 . Vertical broadband monopole antenna for vehicles for two by one

Frequency gap separate frequency bands, namely a lower band (U) for lower frequencies and a higher band (O) for higher frequencies, both in

Decimeter wave range, for transmission and / or reception with terrestrially emitted vertically polarized radio signals over a substantially horizontal conductive base (6) as a vehicle ground with a monopole antenna point (3), comprising: - the wideband monopole antenna (0 ) is formed of a first and a further electrically conductive structure, which are each oriented over the base surface (6) substantially perpendicular to this, - the first electrically conductive structure comprises at the lower end of the

Broadband monopole antenna at least one truncated triangular structure (4) with a substantially horizontally oriented baseline, the tip of which has an antenna connection point (5) of the

Antenna connection point (3) forms, - the first electrically conductive structure comprises adjacent to the upper end of the broadband monopole antenna underneath a first roof capacitance (10) substantially as a first rectangular structure (16), - the triangular structure (4) and the first rectangular structure ( 16) are inductively high-impedance connected by at least one first conductor strip (15, 15a, 15b) for separating radio signals in the upper band (O), - the further electrically conductive structure comprises a further roof capacitance (38) guided substantially parallel to the first rectangular structure designed as a further planar structure, to the first

Roof capacitor (10) is capacitively coupled, and in particular substantially as a rectangular structure (42) is formed, - The further electrically conductive structure comprises at least one further, for the separation of radio signals in the upper band (O) inductively high impedance conductor strips (39, 39 a) connected to the further planar structure (42) to the conductive base (6) extending and with this is conductively connected at its lower end.

2. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the first electrically conductive structure at least two spaced first

Conductor strip (15, 15a), whereby a frame structure (1 1) comprising the triangular structure (4), the first rectangular structure (16) and the first

Conductor strip (15) is formed.

3. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that

the inner angle (12) at the top of the triangular structure (4) is approximately between 30 and 90 degrees.

4. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that

the triangular structure (4) is formed by strip-shaped lamellae (20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) arranged fan-like in the triangular plane and converging in the tip.

5. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to claim 4, characterized in that

the strip-like lamellae (30, 30a, 30b) converging in the tip are bent out of the plane of the triangular structure (4) in such a way that they essentially run on the lateral surface of a tip-shaped cone with a circular or elliptical cross-section.

6. broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that

the further electrically conductive structure is designed in such a way that the further conductor strip (39, 39a) in the region of one of the lateral ends to the other

Roof Capacity (38) connected and with a conductor strip coupling distance (41) from the side edge of the triangular structure (4) to the conductive base (6) is guided and connected at its lower end with this conductive.

7. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that

the one or more conductor strips (15, 15a, 15b) and the one or more further

Conductor strip (39, 39a) for frequency-selective separation meandering

Characteristics (24) included.

8. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that

the further electrically conductive structure is designed in such a way that two further conductor strips (39, 39a) are provided, each of which is opposite to each other - in the region of one of the lateral ends connected to the further roof capacitance (38) and at a distance from Side edge of the triangular structure (4) to the conductive base (6) are guided and connected at its lower end with this conductive.

9. broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that

at least one of the further conductor strips (39, 39a) in a conductor strip coupling distance (41) substantially parallel to a first

Conductor strip (15,15a) is guided and is conductively connected at its lower end to the conductive base (6).

10. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that

the first electrically conductive structure and the further electrically conductive structure by metallic coating (33) are applied together on a printed circuit board and the antenna connection point (3) of the broadband monopole antenna (0) at the lower end of the circuit board, preferably as a connector (45) Ground terminal (7) and base terminal point (43) on the conductive base (6) is executed.

1 1. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that

the first rectangular structure (16) and / or the further planar structure (42) and / or the triangular structure (4) are substantially separated by electrically conductive strip-like lamellae (19, 20, 20a, 20b, 30, 30a, 30b) are formed.

12. Broadband monopole antenna (0) at least one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that

a coupling conductor (35) which is connected to the first roof capacitance (10) and is inductively high-impedance at least in the frequency range of the upper band (O), which is electrically conductively connected at its lower end to the conductive base (6).

13. Broadband monopole antenna (0) at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that

the first electrically conductive structure comprises two flat triangular structures (4a, 4b) which are essentially formed by two triangles on the apex whose surface normals lie in the same plane as the surface normal of the first rectangular structure (16), the triangular structures (4a, 4b) are formed by strip-shaped lamellae (20a, 20b) emanating from the antenna connection point (3) and the triangular structures (4a, 4b) are each bent by a deflection angle (49) with respect to a center axis (Z).

14. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to claim 13, characterized in that

the triangles (4a, 4b) bent around the deflection angle (49) with their triangular tips approximately symmetrically with respect to the antenna connection point (5) by one

Offset length (50) are offset from each other and one, in one

Base surface distance (51) parallel to the base (6) guided connecting conductor (48) with each other and with the first conductor strip (15) in a branch point (47) are connected and from the latter, the antenna connection point (5) is formed.

15. Broadband monopole antenna (0) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that

between the first conductive structure and the further conductive structure, preferably between the conductive rectangular structure (16) and the further rectangular structure (42), a test conductor with a high-resistance DC resistance is connected for the purpose of connecting the antenna.