EP2716462B1 - Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2716462B1
EP2716462B1 EP12187205.5A EP12187205A EP2716462B1 EP 2716462 B1 EP2716462 B1 EP 2716462B1 EP 12187205 A EP12187205 A EP 12187205A EP 2716462 B1 EP2716462 B1 EP 2716462B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
printing unit
printing
roller
brush
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12187205.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2716462A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen HANNIG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Original Assignee
Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH filed Critical Akzenta Paneele and Profile GmbH
Priority to PL12187205T priority Critical patent/PL2716462T3/pl
Priority to ES12187205.5T priority patent/ES2630017T3/es
Priority to PT121872055T priority patent/PT2716462T/pt
Priority to EP12187205.5A priority patent/EP2716462B1/fr
Priority to UAA201406566A priority patent/UA110285C2/ru
Priority to KR1020147008670A priority patent/KR20140090146A/ko
Priority to MYPI2014000393A priority patent/MY170987A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/070586 priority patent/WO2014053569A1/fr
Priority to BR112014008110-7A priority patent/BR112014008110B1/pt
Priority to PT137711628T priority patent/PT2755827T/pt
Priority to US14/352,144 priority patent/US9132671B2/en
Priority to CA2850605A priority patent/CA2850605C/fr
Priority to JP2014539366A priority patent/JP2015508337A/ja
Priority to RU2014114833/12A priority patent/RU2563215C1/ru
Priority to ES13771162.8T priority patent/ES2615079T3/es
Priority to EP13771162.8A priority patent/EP2755827B1/fr
Priority to CN201380002990.6A priority patent/CN103842180B/zh
Priority to AU2013311107A priority patent/AU2013311107B2/en
Priority to PL13771162T priority patent/PL2755827T3/pl
Priority to MX2014004919A priority patent/MX2014004919A/es
Priority to CL2014000598A priority patent/CL2014000598A1/es
Publication of EP2716462A1 publication Critical patent/EP2716462A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2716462B1 publication Critical patent/EP2716462B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/02—Platens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for improved direct printing of decorative panels, as well as a method for improved direct printing of decorative panels.
  • a panel printing apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document US 6 634 729 B1 known.
  • the term decorative panel is understood to mean wall, ceiling or floor panels which have a decor applied to a carrier plate.
  • Decorative panels are used in a variety of ways, both in the field of interior design of rooms, as well as the decorative cladding of buildings, for example in exhibition construction.
  • One of the most common uses of decorative panels is their use as floor coverings.
  • the decorative panels often have a decor that is intended to recreate a natural material.
  • simulated natural materials are wood species such as e.g. Maple, oak, birch, cherry, ash, walnut, chestnut, wenge or even exotic woods such as panga panga, mahogany, bamboo and bubinga.
  • wood species such as e.g. Maple, oak, birch, cherry, ash, walnut, chestnut, wenge or even exotic woods such as panga panga, mahogany, bamboo and bubinga.
  • many natural materials such as stone surfaces or ceramic surfaces are modeled.
  • such decorative panels are often produced as laminates, in which on a carrier plate with a desired decor pre-printed decorative paper is applied, which in turn is then applied a so-called overlay. After optionally a Gegenzugpapier was still applied to the decorative paper opposite side of the support plate, the layer structure obtained is firmly bonded together using suitable pressure and / or heat-activated adhesive.
  • the material of the carrier can be selected depending on the field of application.
  • the support may be made of wood-based material unless the decorative panel is exposed to excessive moisture or weather conditions.
  • the carrier may for example consist of a plastic.
  • wood-based materials in addition to solid wood materials are also materials such as e.g. Cross laminated timber, glued laminated timber, composite plywood, laminated plywood, veneer plywood, veneer plywood and bent plywood.
  • wood-base materials within the meaning of the invention also include wood-chip materials, such as wood-based materials. Chipboard, extruded sheet, Oriented Structural Board (OSB) and chipboard wood, as well as wood fiber materials such as Wood fiber insulation boards (HFD), medium-hard and hard fiberboard (MB, HFH), and in particular medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-density fibreboard (HDF) to understand.
  • wood fiber insulation boards HFD
  • MB medium-hard and hard fiberboard
  • MDF medium-density fiberboard
  • HDF high-density fibreboard
  • WPC wood-plastic composites
  • sandwich panels of a lightweight core material such as foam, rigid foam or paper honeycomb and a wooden layer applied thereto, and mineral, e.g. with cement, bonded chipboards form wood materials in the context of the invention.
  • Cork also represents a wood material in the context of the invention.
  • Plastics which can be used in the production of corresponding panels are, for example, thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins (for example polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile). Butadiene-styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or Mixtures or copolymers of these.
  • the plastics may contain conventional fillers, for example calcium carbonate (chalk), alumina, silica gel, quartz flour, wood flour, gypsum. Also, they can be colored in a known manner.
  • direct printing refers to the application of a decoration directly to the support of a panel or to a non-printed fiber material layer applied to the support.
  • the printing of the decoration takes place during direct printing directly in the course of panel production.
  • different printing techniques such as flexographic printing, offset printing or screen printing can be used.
  • digital printing techniques such as, for example, inkjet methods or laser printing methods can be used.
  • fiber materials materials such as e.g. Paper and nonwovens based on vegetable, animal, mineral or even artificial fibers to understand, as well as cardboard.
  • fibrous materials made of vegetable fibers, in addition to papers and webs of cellulose fibers, plates of biomass such as straw, maize straw, bamboo, leaves, algae extracts, hemp, cotton or oil palm fibers.
  • animal fiber materials are keratin-based materials such as e.g. Wool or horsehair.
  • mineral fiber materials are mineral wool or glass wool.
  • a wearing and / or covering layer in the sense of the invention is a layer applied as an outer finish, which in particular protects the decorative layer from abrasion or damage by dirt, moisture or mechanical effects such as abrasion.
  • the wear layer hard materials such as Titanium nitride, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, alumina (corundum), zirconium oxide, or mixtures thereof to increase the wear resistance of the layer.
  • the hard material in an amount between 5 wt .-% and 40 wt .-%, preferably between 15 wt .-% and 25 wt .-% in the wear layer composition is included.
  • the hard material preferably has an average particle diameter between 10 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m, more preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the wear layer composition forms a stable dispersion and segregation or settling of the hard material in the wear layer composition can be avoided.
  • the hard material-containing and radiation-curable composition in a concentration between 10 g / m 2 and 250 g / m 2 , preferably between 25 g / m 2 and 100g / m 2 applied becomes.
  • the application can be applied for example by means of rollers, such as rubber rollers or by means of pouring devices.
  • the hard material is not present in the composition at the time of application of the wear layer composition, but is scattered as particles onto the applied wear layer composition and this is subsequently cured.
  • a matching with the decor surface structuring is introduced.
  • the surface of the decorative panel has a haptic perceptible structure which corresponds to the shape and pattern of the applied decor, so as to obtain a true to the original reproduction of a natural material also in terms of haptics.
  • the carrier plate already has a structuring and alignment of a printing tool for applying the decoration and the support plate to each other in dependence on the detected by means of optical methods structuring of the carrier plate.
  • a structuring of the decorative panels after the application of the cover and / or wear layer takes place.
  • a curable composition is applied as cover and / or wear layer and a curing process takes place only to the extent that only partial hardening of the cover and / or wear layer takes place.
  • a desired surface structure is impressed by means of suitable tools, such as a hard metal structural roller or a stamp.
  • the embossing is done in accordance with the applied decor.
  • a further hardening of the now structured covering and / or wear layer takes place.
  • the invention thus proposes a panel printing device which has a feed device for a carrier to be printed and a printing unit, wherein the panel printing device has at least one device for discharging electrostatic charges from the carrier.
  • the device for discharging electrostatic charges comprises at least one roller, brush or lip made of a conductive material, which electrically conductively contacts the carrier at least in the region of the printing unit and which is connected to an electrical ground potential.
  • the electrical ground potential can be provided for example by a ground.
  • the discharge of the electrostatic charge takes place via a roller, which is part of the feed device to the printing unit.
  • a roller which is part of the feed device to the printing unit.
  • a plurality of existing for transporting the carrier within a manufacturing line for the production of decorative panels rollers is designed such that it can be discharged via this any occurring electrostatic charges.
  • the roller, brush or lip is preferably formed at least in the contact region with the carrier of a material having a conductivity ⁇ 1 * 10 3 Sm -1 .
  • the electrical resistance between the carrier and the ground potential is ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ , preferably ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ .
  • the roller, brush or lip by means of which the carrier is contacted, may for example be formed in the contact region with the carrier of an electrically conductive metal such as steel, chromium, copper, aluminum, silver or a conductive alloy such as brass or bronze.
  • the roller, brush or lip at least partially made of an electrically conductive plastic.
  • suitable electrically conductive plastics are poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, doped polythiophene, doped polyethyne, polyaniline and polypyrrole.
  • the roller, brush or lip at least at the contact points with the carrier consists of a conductive fabric.
  • This can be for example a plastic fabric, in which metal threads are woven.
  • the panel printing device has an upstream of the printing unit ionization, by means of which an ionized air jet is passed over the substrate to be printed. It has been found that the application of ionized air is suitable for further reducing the occurrence of electrostatic charging of the carriers.
  • the printing unit to an inkjet print head.
  • the means for reducing the electrostatic charge comprise the electrically conductive contacting of the carrier with a ground potential.
  • the contacting of the carrier by means of a roller, brush or lip made of a material having an electrical conductivity ⁇ 1 * 10 3 Sm -1 .
  • the carrier is subjected to an ionized air flow before and / or during the feed to the printing unit. It has been found that the application of an ionized air stream is suitable for significantly reducing electrostatic charge in the substrates.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a panel printing device 100.
  • the device 100 has a feed device 110 for a carrier 600 to be printed, by means of which the carrier 600 is fed to a printing unit 120.
  • the printing unit comprises an ink-jet printhead which, controlled by a computer system, applies a decorative image to the carrier 600.
  • the device 100 has a device 130 for discharging electrostatic charges from the carrier 600.
  • the device 130 is arranged in the region of the feed device 110 and is formed from a roller made of a conductive material, which is connected by a grounding 150 to a ground potential.
  • an ionization device 140 is provided, in which an air jet 160 is ionized. The thus ionized air jet 160 is directed to the carriers 600.

Landscapes

  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
  • Feeding Of Articles By Means Other Than Belts Or Rollers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif d'impression de panneaux (100), présentant une unité d'alimentation (110) pour un support (600) à imprimer et une unité d'impression (120), où le dispositif d'impression de panneaux (100) présente au moins une installation (130) pour la dissipation de charges électrostatiques à partir du support (600), caractérisé en ce que l'installation (130) pour la dissipation de charges électrostatiques présente au moins un rouleau, une brosse ou un rebord à base d'un matériau conducteur, lequel (laquelle) est en contact électriquement conducteur avec le support (600) au moins dans la région de l'unité d'impression (120) et lequel (laquelle) est relié(e) avec un potentiel de masse électrique, et où le rouleau, la brosse ou le rebord est constitué(e) au moins partiellement d'une matière plastique électriquement conductrice, et/ou où le rouleau, la brosse ou le rebord est constitué(e), au moins au niveau des points de contact avec le support, d'un tissu en matière synthétique, dans lequel sont tissés conjointement des fils métalliques, et/ou où le dispositif d'impression de panneaux (100) présente une unité d'ionisation (140) située préalablement à l'unité d'impression (120), au moyen de laquelle un courant d'air ionisé est balayé sur le support (600) à imprimer.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le rouleau, la brosse ou le rebord est formé(e) à partir d'un matériau avec une conductibilité ≥ 1*103 Sm-1 au moins dans la région de contact avec le support.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité d'impression (120) comprend un bouton poussoir de jet d'encre.
  4. Procédé d'impression directe de panneaux de décor, présentant les étapes de procédé :
    - mise à disposition d'un support (600) à imprimer ;
    - mise en place du support (600) au niveau d'une unité d'impression (120) ;
    - impression d'un décor sur le support (600) au moyen de l'unité d'impression (120),
    où le support (600) est traité avec des moyens pour la dissipation de la charge électrostatique du support (600) avant l'alimentation vers l'unité d'impression (120) et/ou pendant le processus d'impression dans l'unité d'impression (120), l'installation (130) pour la dissipation de charges électrostatiques présente au moins un rouleau, une brosse ou un rebord à base d'un matériau conducteur, lequel(laquelle) est en contact électriquement conducteur avec le support (600) au moins dans la région de l'unité d'impression (120) et lequel est relié à un potentiel de masse électrique, et où le rouleau, la brosse ou le rebord est constitué(e) au moins partiellement d'une matière plastique électriquement conductrice, et/ou où le rouleau, la brosse ou le rebord est constitué(e), au moins au niveau des points de contact, d'un tissu en matière synthétique dans lequel sont tissés conjointement des fils métalliques, et/ou où le dispositif d'impression de panneaux (100) présente une unité d'ionisation (140) située préalablement à l'unité d'impression (120) au moyen de laquelle un courant d'air ionisé est balayé au dessus du support (600) à imprimer.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les moyens pour la dissipation de la charge électrostatique comprennent la mise en contact électriquement conducteur du support (600) avec un potentiel de masse.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel la mise en contact du support est effectuée au moyen d'un rouleau, d'une brosse ou d'un rebord à base d'un matériau avec une conductibilité électrique ≥ 1*103 Sm-1.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel le support (600) est soumis à un courant d'air ionisé avant et/ou pendant l'alimentation vers l'unité d'impression (120).
EP12187205.5A 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor Active EP2716462B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12187205T PL2716462T3 (pl) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Urządzenie i sposób do polepszonego druku bezpośredniego na panelach dekoracyjnych
ES12187205.5T ES2630017T3 (es) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositivo y procedimiento para una mejor impresión directa de paneles decorativos
PT121872055T PT2716462T (pt) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositivo e método para impressão directa melhorada de painéis decorativos
EP12187205.5A EP2716462B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor
UAA201406566A UA110285C2 (en) 2012-10-04 2013-02-10 Device and method for improved direct printing of decor panels
CA2850605A CA2850605C (fr) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositif et procede d'impression directe amelioree de lambris decoratifs
PCT/EP2013/070586 WO2014053569A1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositif et procédé d'impression directe améliorée de lambris décoratifs
BR112014008110-7A BR112014008110B1 (pt) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositivo de impressão de painel e método para impressão direta de painéis decorativos incluindo um processo de jato de tinta
PT137711628T PT2755827T (pt) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositivo e método para impressão direta melhorada de painéis decorativos
US14/352,144 US9132671B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Device and method for improved direct printing of decorative panels
KR1020147008670A KR20140090146A (ko) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 장식 패널들의 개선된 직접 인쇄 장치와 방법
MYPI2014000393A MY170987A (en) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Device and method for improved direct printing of decorative panels
RU2014114833/12A RU2563215C1 (ru) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Устройство и способ усовершенствованной прямой печати декоративных панелей
ES13771162.8T ES2615079T3 (es) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositivo y procedimiento para impresión directa mejorada de paneles decorativos
EP13771162.8A EP2755827B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor
CN201380002990.6A CN103842180B (zh) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 改进的直接印刷装饰板的装置和方法
AU2013311107A AU2013311107B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Device and method for improved direct printing of decorative panels
PL13771162T PL2755827T3 (pl) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Urządzenie i sposób do polepszonego bezpośredniego druku na panelach dekoracyjnych
MX2014004919A MX2014004919A (es) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositivo y metodo para la impresion directa mejorada de paneles decorativos.
JP2014539366A JP2015508337A (ja) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 装飾用パネルの改良された直接印刷のためのパネル印刷装置および直接印刷方法
CL2014000598A CL2014000598A1 (es) 2012-10-04 2014-03-12 Dispositivo de impresion de panel que comprende un medio de alimentacion para un portador a imprimir y un mecanismo de impresion, al menos un medio para descargar cargas electroestaticas del portador, y al menos un medio para alimentar cargas electroestaticas sobre el portador; y metodo de impresion directa de paneles decorativos.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12187205.5A EP2716462B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2716462A1 EP2716462A1 (fr) 2014-04-09
EP2716462B1 true EP2716462B1 (fr) 2017-04-19

Family

ID=46970140

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12187205.5A Active EP2716462B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2012-10-04 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor
EP13771162.8A Active EP2755827B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13771162.8A Active EP2755827B1 (fr) 2012-10-04 2013-10-02 Dispositif et procédé destinés à améliorer l'impression directe de panneaux de décor

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US9132671B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2716462B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015508337A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140090146A (fr)
AU (1) AU2013311107B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112014008110B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2850605C (fr)
CL (1) CL2014000598A1 (fr)
ES (2) ES2630017T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX2014004919A (fr)
MY (1) MY170987A (fr)
PL (2) PL2716462T3 (fr)
PT (2) PT2716462T (fr)
RU (1) RU2563215C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA110285C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014053569A1 (fr)

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DE102016117211A1 (de) * 2016-09-13 2018-03-15 Schmid Rhyner Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ink-Jet-Auftrag auf flächigen Substraten
DE102021101962B4 (de) 2021-01-28 2022-11-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Vorrichtung zum bedrucken von elektrisch leitfähigen gegenständen

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AU2013311107B2 (en) 2015-07-23
ES2630017T3 (es) 2017-08-17
JP2015508337A (ja) 2015-03-19
UA110285C2 (en) 2015-12-10
ES2615079T3 (es) 2017-06-05
CA2850605C (fr) 2016-04-12
BR112014008110B1 (pt) 2021-10-13
CA2850605A1 (fr) 2014-04-10
EP2755827A1 (fr) 2014-07-23
BR112014008110A2 (pt) 2017-04-11
MX2014004919A (es) 2014-07-16
PT2755827T (pt) 2017-02-14
RU2563215C1 (ru) 2015-09-20
AU2013311107A1 (en) 2014-04-24
PL2755827T3 (pl) 2017-06-30
MY170987A (en) 2019-09-23
WO2014053569A1 (fr) 2014-04-10
KR20140090146A (ko) 2014-07-16
CN103842180A (zh) 2014-06-04
US9132671B2 (en) 2015-09-15
EP2755827B1 (fr) 2016-12-07
US20140285604A1 (en) 2014-09-25
PL2716462T3 (pl) 2017-09-29
PT2716462T (pt) 2017-07-11
EP2716462A1 (fr) 2014-04-09
CL2014000598A1 (es) 2014-11-21

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