EP2676311A2 - Procédé de production d'électrodes - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'électrodes

Info

Publication number
EP2676311A2
EP2676311A2 EP12703441.1A EP12703441A EP2676311A2 EP 2676311 A2 EP2676311 A2 EP 2676311A2 EP 12703441 A EP12703441 A EP 12703441A EP 2676311 A2 EP2676311 A2 EP 2676311A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metallic substrate
active material
organic acid
active composition
electrochemical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12703441.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Guenter Eichinger
Tim Schaefer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2676311A2 publication Critical patent/EP2676311A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of electrodes, in particular of negative electrodes, for electrochemical cells.
  • the electrochemical cells can preferably be used for driving a vehicle with electric motor, preferably with hybrid drive and / or in "plug in" operation.
  • Electrochemical cells especially lithium secondary batteries, because of their high energy density and high capacity, are used as energy stores in mobile information devices, e.g. Mobile phones, in tools or in electrically powered automobiles, as well as in automobiles with hybrid drive application.
  • mobile information devices e.g. Mobile phones
  • electrochemical cells have to meet high requirements: the highest possible electrical capacity and energy density, which remains stable over a high number of charging and discharging cycles, with the lowest possible weight ,
  • electrochemical cells The longevity of electrochemical cells is often dependent on the aging of the electrodes, in particular on the aging of the negative electrodes. In the aging process, the electrochemical cells lose capacity and performance. This process takes place to a greater or lesser extent in most common electrochemical cells, and is highly dependent on the conditions of use (temperature, storage conditions, state of charge, etc.), but also the quality and processing of the materials during the manufacturing process of the electrochemical cell. For example, high-quality processing of very pure materials can lead to very long-lived electrochemical cells that age only slightly over a longer period of time, thus losing less capacity and performance.
  • the object of the invention in the light of the state of the art, is to provide an improved process for the production of electrodes, in particular of negative electrodes for long-lived electrochemical cells.
  • the pretreatment in particular the at least partial cleaning of the surface of the metallic substrate is preferably carried out with an organic acid, preferably with oxalic acid, in particular in temporal spacing for applying the active composition, in particular the anode active composition of the negative electrode, preferably with binder, to the metallic substrate ,
  • the combination of method steps according to the invention achieves in particular the advantage that an improved, well-adhering coating of the metallic substrate with the anode active composition is achieved, whereby a reduced aging of the anode and thus of the electrochemical cell is achieved.
  • the performance stability, in particular the stability of the capacity, of an electrochemical cell can be improved.
  • electrochemical cell any device for the electrical storage of energy.
  • the term defines in particular electrochemical cells of the primary or secondary type, but also other forms of energy storage, such as capacitors.
  • an electrochemical cell is preferably to be understood as meaning a lithium-ion battery cell which may be part of a battery.
  • negative electrode means that the electrode emits electrons when connected to a consumer, such as an electric motor.
  • the negative electrode is the anode.
  • positive electrode means that the electrode receives electrons when connected to a consumer, for example an electric motor.
  • the positive electrode according to this convention is the cathode.
  • An electrode that is to say the positive electrodes and / or the negative electrode, which is produced by the method according to the invention, has at least one metallic substrate and at least one electrochemical active mass.
  • the electrode produced by the method of the invention has, in addition to the metallic substrate and to electrochemical active composition (preferably anode active material) at least one further additive, preferably an additive to increase the conductivity, for example based on carbon, such as carbon black, and / or a redox-active additive which reduces the destruction of the electrochemical active material in case of overcharge of the electrochemical cell , preferably minimized, preferably prevented.
  • electrochemical active composition preferably anode active material
  • an additive to increase the conductivity for example based on carbon, such as carbon black
  • a redox-active additive which reduces the destruction of the electrochemical active material in case of overcharge of the electrochemical cell , preferably minimized, preferably prevented.
  • metallic substrate preferably refers to the same component of an electrode known as “electrode carrier” or “collector.”
  • the metallic substrate is presently suitable for applying active composition and is substantially metallic in nature, preferably entirely metallic in nature.
  • the metallic substrate is at least partially designed as a film or as a network structure or as a fabric, preferably comprising copper or a copper-containing alloy, in particular as Waizkupfer, in particular as a copper strip, which is treated in particular continuously or stepwise by means of the inventive method.
  • a metallic substrate comprises aluminum.
  • the metallic substrate can be configured as a film, mesh structure or fabric, which preferably comprises at least partially plastics.
  • the inventive method preferably has the step that the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate, pretreated in time spacing for applying the active composition with an organic acid, in particular at least partially cleaned, preferably was completely cleaned.
  • in temporal spacing means that between the treatment, in particular the at least partial cleaning of the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate with organic Acid, and applying the active material to the pretreated metallic substrate, the time difference dt> 0 passes.
  • the treatment, in particular the at least partial cleaning of the metallic substrate with organic acid takes place before the application of the active composition to the pretreated metallic substrate.
  • the time difference between the pretreatment, in particular the at least partial cleaning of the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid and the application of the active composition to the pretreated, in particular at least partially cleaned metallic substrate is between 30 minutes and 40 Minutes, preferably 35 minutes (+/- 2 minutes).
  • This temporal spacing between treatment, in particular the at least partial cleaning of the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid and the application of the electrochemical active composition to the pretreated, in particular at least partially cleaned metallic substrate has the advantage that such a particularly effective cleaning is possible, in which preferably up to 50% of the impurities, and more preferably up to 100% of the impurities of the metallic substrate, in particular on its surface, are removed.
  • the central atom X may be selected from the group of non-metals or semimetals of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (PSE) which are capable of bonding with an oxygen atom by forming a double bond and simultaneously with the oxygen atom O of the OH group by forming a single bond.
  • PSE Periodic Table of Chemical Elements
  • the central atom X is selected from the group of carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, with carbon being particularly preferred.
  • the central atom X is additionally bonded to another atom, preferably a carbon atom, which is part of an organic substituent which is selected from alkyl or aryl substituents which in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms additional additional heteroatoms, preferably nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus.
  • organic acid in the singular does not exclude that it may also be a mixture of different organic acids, if the organic acid is a "solid” acid, ie acid, which is at standard temperature (25 ° C.). is present as a solid, is formed, it is preferred to solve this before use in a suitable solvent.
  • the organic acid and / or the solvent has a water content of less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, and most preferably 1% or less.
  • the organic acid is selected from acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, formic acid, oxalonic acid, oxaloacetic acid, oxalic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • the organic acid contains - in addition to optionally further constituents - oxalic acid (also called ethanedioic acid).
  • the organic acid is configured as "anhydrous" oxalic acid, which is commercially available under CAS No. 144-62-7.
  • “Anhydrous” means that the water content of the oxalic acid is 1% or less.
  • the use of organic acid, in particular of oxalic acid has the advantage that the organic acid can be degraded by, for example, heating or UV irradiation.
  • the decomposition products of the organic acid thus obtained are essentially C0 2 and water and can easily be disposed of or removed.
  • the handling of organic acids is essentially simpler and less dangerous than the handling of, for example, chromosulfuric acid, as used in corona etching, for example. This is especially true in the presently relevant application for age-resistant collector foils for electrochemical cells.
  • the organic acid is configured as "anhydrous" oxalic acid, and at least partially dissolved in NMP (/ V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), which preferably has a water content of less than 100 ppm (parts per million), preferably less than 60 ppm, preferably less than 30 ppm, preferably less than 10 ppm, and in so-called “Battery Quality", ie substantially free of amine impurities, is configured.
  • NMP V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • anhydrous organic acids in particular of anhydrous oxalic acid has the advantage that impurities of the metallic substrate, in particular its surface, and in particular when the metallic substrate is designed as a copper foil, particularly efficient and easy to remove at least partially, preferably completely ,
  • the impurities of the surface of the metallic substrate may be caused by storage, transportation, packaging or during the production of the metallic substrate.
  • Impurities for example, adversely affect the adhesion of electrochemical active material on the surface of the metallic substrate, thereby "aging" the electrochemical cell more quickly, or impairing the function of the metallic substrate, namely the uptake or release of electrons from or to the electrochemical active mass which may manifest itself, for example, in the form of increased internal resistance and concomitant loss of capacitance or power of the electrochemical cell.
  • the metallic substrate is or contains copper or copper-containing foil, in particular copper foil, whereby the surface of the copper foil collector is often contaminated with fatty and / or oily substances, in particular with beef tallow or dust particles during its production, for example during the rolling process or the cutting process , Furthermore, the surface of the copper-containing film, in particular the copper foil, at least partially passivated by prolonged contact with the ambient air, by oxidation to form a passivation layer, in one embodiment comprising copper (l) oxide Cu 2 0, which also as an impurity can be considered.
  • organic acids which have organic substituents, advantageous because the organic fatty and / or oily substances according to the chemical principle "similia similibus solvuntur" (the like dissolves in the like) at least partially, preferably completely in the organic
  • the passivation layer in one embodiment comprising copper (I) oxide Cu 2 O, at least partially, preferably completely,
  • the surface of the metallic substrate thus treated, in particular at least partially cleaned does not undergo any further reactions with the organic acid.
  • the metallic substrate is designed as a copper-containing film, in particular as a copper foil, and whose surface is at least partially coated with oily and / or fatty substances, in particular beef tallow, and / or a passivation layer, comprising at least partially copper (I) oxide Cu 2 0, at least partially contaminated, and is at least partially, preferably completely treated with an organic acid, preferably anhydrous oxalic acid, and in particular at least partially, preferably completely freed from these impurities, ie purified.
  • a copper-containing film in particular as a copper foil, and whose surface is at least partially coated with oily and / or fatty substances, in particular beef tallow, and / or a passivation layer, comprising at least partially copper (I) oxide Cu 2 0, at least partially contaminated, and is at least partially, preferably completely treated with an organic acid, preferably anhydrous oxalic acid, and in particular at least partially, preferably completely freed from these impurities, ie purified.
  • cleaning and “purified” is to be understood as meaning that preferably up to 50%, preferably up to 70%, preferably up to 100%, impurities have been removed from the surface of the metallic substrate, but in each case preferably at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90 %, 95% impurities were removed from the surface of the metallic substrate.
  • treatment and “treat” or “pretreatment” and “pretreatment” is to be understood that preferably up to 50%, preferably up to 70%, preferably up to 100% of the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid in But have preferably been wetted, but preferably at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65 %, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the surface of the metallic substrate have come into contact with organic acid, in particular wetted.
  • the wetting of the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate is accomplished in one embodiment by spraying the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate.
  • the wetting of the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid is carried out by basting the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid.
  • the wetting of the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid is carried out by an immersion bath of the metallic substrate in organic acid.
  • the wetting of the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate is carried out by means of a device, for example a roller, the surface of which is wetted with organic acid, whereby the organic acid contacts the surface of the metallic substrate with the device surface therefrom of the metallic substrate is at least partially transferred.
  • the treatment of the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate is by vapor deposition of the metallic substrate with a vapor comprising or consisting of organic acid. This makes it possible to treat a surface in a particularly uniform manner, in particular essentially free from wetting or dewetting effects The treatment preferably takes place at temperatures of at least 85 ° C., 100 ° C., 150 ° C.
  • the treatment can be a steam jet
  • the pressure is preferably at least 1 bar, 2 bars, 5 bars, 10 bars, 25 bars, 50 bars, 100 bars
  • the pressure or the ambient pressure on the metallic substrate can also be below 1 bar
  • the steam jet has, in each case preferably and essentially, a cuboid, strip-shaped or line-shaped outline.
  • the treatment of the metallic substrate, in particular its cleaning, preferably also takes place using a plasma, in particular a plasma stream, in particular at an ambient pressure between 0.05 bar and 1 bar around the metallic substrate.
  • Plasma is a gas which consists partly or completely of free charge carriers, such as ions or electrons, and is formed, for example, by electrical treatment of a gas in an alternating electric field, for example in commercially available plasma systems.
  • the plasma can be generated using oxygen or an organic acid.
  • the temperature can be chosen arbitrarily, in particular be substantially room temperature. This results in a more flexible or gentle cleaning.
  • the organic acid, in particular the vapor stream containing the organic acid, and the surface to be treated to be moved relative to one another, preferably at constant speed, in order to achieve a particularly uniform result, preferably by adding, for example the surface being treated is moved relative to the organic acid (or steam jet) or the organic acid (or steam jet) is moved relative to the surface to be treated.
  • the wetting of the surface of the metallic substrate is followed by a further process step, in which the organic acid is distributed uniformly over the surface of the metallic substrate by means of mechanical processes, such as shaking.
  • the uniform distribution of the organic acid on the surface of the metallic substrate occurs simultaneously with the wetting of the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate.
  • the method comprises a mechanical cleaning of the surface of the metallic substrate, which can be done for example by friction by means of brushes or textile devices.
  • the mechanical cleaning step may take place prior to wetting the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid during, or simultaneously with, wetting the surface of the metallic organic acid substrate or subsequently thereto.
  • the process steps wetting the surface of the metallic substrate with organic acid, uniform distribution of the organic acid on the surface of the metallic substrate and mechanical cleaning of the surface of the metallic substrate are combined in one process step, for example by a steam jet, the organic Acid, or can be done by the use of movable brushes, which are filled from a reservoir filled with organic acid, with this continuously wetted, and these by contact with the surface of the metallic substrate to this.
  • the movable brushes for example, perform circular movements on the surface of the metallic substrate, whereby the organic acid is evenly distributed on the surface of the metallic substrate. By optionally exerting pressure by the brushes on the surface of the metallic substrate, this is also mechanically cleaned at the same time.
  • the residence time of the organic acid on the surface of the metallic substrate is preferably up to 30 seconds, preferably up to 5 minutes, preferably up to 30 minutes, preferably up to 60 minutes, preferably up to two hours.
  • the residence time can also be longer or shorter.
  • a drying step follows on the surface of the metallic substrate during which the organic acid is at least partially, preferably completely, removed from the surface of the metallic substrate.
  • the treated, in particular at least partially cleaned metallic substrate is irradiated with UV light immediately before the application of the active composition, in particular the anode active composition.
  • a temperature treatment of the metallic substrate before, during or after the UV irradiation, a temperature treatment of the metallic substrate, so that the temperature of the metallic substrate, preferably the surface temperature of the metallic substrate after the temperature treatment, is higher than the temperature of the metallic substrate, preferably the surface temperature of the metallic substrate, before the temperature treatment.
  • the temperature of the metallic substrate preferably the surface temperature of the metallic substrate after the temperature treatment
  • the temperature of the metallic substrate is higher than 25 ° C, preferably higher than 40 ° C.
  • the temperature of the metallic substrate, preferably the surface temperature of the metallic substrate after the temperature treatment is higher than 25 ° C but not higher than 60 ° C.
  • the copper-containing metallic substrate preferably designed as a copper-containing film, in particular as a copper foil.
  • the metallic substrate in particular the surface of the metallic substrate, during the application of the active material, in particular the anode active material, a temperature which is higher than 25 ° C, preferably higher than 40 ° C.
  • the term “during application” is meant the total amount of time required to apply the active composition to the metallic substrate.
  • the surface of the metallic substrate should have a temperature high enough that the heat loss that can occur between the completion of the temperature treatment and the start of the application of the active material, which is the case, for example if the metallic substrate has to be spent, for example in another manufacturing hall, not so great that the temperature of the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate at the beginning of the application of the active composition, at least 25 ° C or higher, preferably at least 40 ° C or higher.
  • this is achieved by tempered conveyor belts.
  • the metallic substrate in particular the surface of the metallic substrate during the application of the active material, in particular the anode active material, a temperature which is higher than 25 ° C, but not higher than 60 ° C.
  • the metallic substrate is copper-containing, preferably designed as a copper-containing film, in particular as a copper foil.
  • the temperature control of the metallic substrate, in particular the surface of the metallic substrate, to a temperature of preferably 25 ° C to 60 ° C has the advantage that the adhesion of the electrochemical active composition on the surface of the metallic substrate is increased. This is synergistically particularly advantageous in connection with the pretreatment according to the invention.
  • Preferred methods for applying the active composition are paste extrusion methods, “dye coating” methods, spraying methods or “slurry” methods.
  • the active composition in particular the anode active composition, up to 30%, preferably up to 50%, preferably up to 70%, preferably up to 100% of the total surface of a metallic substrate, the active composition, in particular the anode active composition , on.
  • the active material in particular the anode active material, at least partially, preferably completely cohesively connected to the surface of the metallic substrate.
  • this active composition Before applying the active composition to the metallic substrate, this active composition is preferably prepared or finished in separate process steps. This method preferably has the following steps:
  • the method steps mentioned above are preferably carried out in one device according to an embodiment.
  • the above-mentioned method steps are carried out in different devices.
  • Preferred devices for carrying out the above-mentioned process steps for producing the active composition are mixers and dryers, in particular vacuum mixers and dryers, which in one embodiment have a horizontal orientation (ie perpendicular to the action of gravity) and in a further embodiment a vertical orientation (ie parallel to the effect of gravity).
  • Such devices are sold for example by the companies Eirich, Master or Coatema or are known under the name Drais turbo.
  • electrochemical active material is meant a material which is suitable for incorporation and removal of redox components, in particular of lithium ions.
  • the electrochemical active material is a cathode active material. In a preferred embodiment, the electrochemical material is an anode active material.
  • the anode active material is preferably carbonaceous.
  • the electrochemical active material is dried. In one embodiment, upon completion of drying, the electrochemical active material has a water content of less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm. In one embodiment, at least one additive is added prior to drying in addition to the electrochemical active material.
  • the solvent is at least partially, preferably completely anhydrous.
  • the solvent contains or is N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP).
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrollidone
  • the solvent is designed as / V-methyl-2-pyrollidone, which is substantially free of impurities such as amines.
  • a quality level is known to those skilled in the art as "battery quality.”
  • the NMP is substantially free of water or preferably has a water content of less than 150 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm
  • the solvent which preferably comprises or consists essentially of NMP, an additive, preferably a conductive additive, added and then injected into the dried electrochemical material, and thereby produces a Pregradmasse, which is characterized in that at least one electrochemical active material, preferably a Anoden- active material, at least one solvent, preferably NMP, and, optionally, at least one additive, preferably a conductive additive, but no binder, so for example, no PVDF has, Furthermore, it is preferred that the Preeducationmasse is present in a consistency which is suitable in order later led application step (for example, by paste extrusion
  • the reactive mass preferably has a water content of below 100 ppm, preferably below 50 ppm, preferably between 10 and 30 ppm.
  • the water content is higher than 100 ppm, drying is preferable provided the Preeducationmasse by which the water content is brought to less than 100 ppm, preferably to less than 50 ppm, preferably to between 10 and 30 ppm.
  • the reactive mass - having a water content of preferably below 100 ppm, preferably below 50 ppm, preferably between 10 and 30 ppm, further comprising at least one electrochemical active material, preferably an anode active material, at least one solvent, preferably NP, and , optionally, at least one additive, preferably a conductive additive - a binder added, whereby an active material can be obtained, preferably an anode active material.
  • the binder is preferably capable of improving the adhesion, in particular between the active composition and the surface of the metallic substrate.
  • a binder comprises a polymer, preferably a fluorinated polymer, preferably polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is marketed under the trade names Kynar®, Solef®, Kureha® or Dyneon®.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a copolymer with high molecular weight PVDF is also preferred, for example known under the trade name Kureha 9200®.
  • the active composition thus obtained in particular the anode active composition, having a water content of preferably below 100 ppm, preferably below 50 ppm, preferably between 10 and 30 ppm, further comprising at least one electrochemical active material, preferably an anode-active material, at least one solvent , preferably NMP, at least one binder, preferably PVDF, and, optionally, at least one additive, preferably a conductive additive, is provided for application to the pretreated metallic substrate.
  • at least one electrochemical active material preferably an anode-active material
  • at least one solvent preferably NMP
  • at least one binder preferably PVDF
  • additive preferably a conductive additive
  • an electrochemical cell according to the invention comprises at least one electrode which has been produced by the method according to the invention, wherein the electrode, preferably the negative electrode, comprises a metallic substrate, which is preferably copper-containing and in the form of a foil, and whose total surface is preferably up to 30%, preferably up to 50%, preferably up to 70%, preferably up to 100% coated with active composition, preferably cohesively coated, wherein the contained electrochemical active material is carbonaceous, preferably selected from crystalline graphite or amorphous graphite or mixtures thereof, and additionally a binder is contained, which is capable of improving the adhesion between the active material and metallic substrate.
  • a binder comprises a polymer, preferably a fluorinated polymer, preferably polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • a battery according to the invention preferably has at least one electrochemical cell produced in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the capacity versus time, which results for a inventively designed battery cell and a conventional battery cell, wherein the battery cell according to the invention comprises anodes, which were prepared by a method according to the invention.
  • a copper foil namely a copper thin strip
  • This film is pretreated with an organic acid (here with oxalic acid), which is dissolved in NMP.
  • organic acid here with oxalic acid
  • the copper foil is treated with UV irradiation and tempered to a temperature of 25 ° C to 60 ° C. At this surface temperature, the surface of the copper foil is coated with anode active material.
  • This active composition is prepared as follows: It becomes an electrochemical anode-active carbon-based material prepared and dried.
  • NMP is added to the dried electrochemical active material, here: injected.
  • the injected NMP has a conductive additive.
  • the thus obtained Premedimasse is brought to a water content of 30-10 ppm (ie dried).
  • PFDV is added as binder and thus the active composition is completed. This is then applied to the surface of the copper foil.
  • a battery cell is manufactured with an anode whose capacity, as shown in Figure 1 in the upper curve, although within a period of 80 days under simulated heavy load, but compared to a conventionally manufactured, in the trade acquired battery cell (lower curve, equal load) was 80% higher after 80 days (38 Ah vs. 32 Ah).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de production d'une électrode, notamment d'une électrode négative, d'une cellule électrochimique, comprenant les étapes suivantes : prétraitement, notamment nettoyage, d'un substrat métallique; séchage du substrat métallique prétraité et/ou d'une matière active; application de la matière active sur le substrat métallique prétraité, ledit prétraitement de la surface du substrat métallique s'effectuant au moyen d'un acide organique.
EP12703441.1A 2011-02-14 2012-01-26 Procédé de production d'électrodes Withdrawn EP2676311A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011011155A DE102011011155A1 (de) 2011-02-14 2011-02-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden
PCT/EP2012/000357 WO2012110196A2 (fr) 2011-02-14 2012-01-26 Procédé de production d'électrodes

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EP2676311A2 true EP2676311A2 (fr) 2013-12-25

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US (1) US20140044888A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2676311A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014505343A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140020264A (fr)
CN (1) CN103370826A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011011155A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012110196A2 (fr)

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CN102945946A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2013-02-27 双登集团股份有限公司 钛酸锂电池负极极片制作方法
US10741842B2 (en) * 2012-12-07 2020-08-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Solid-state battery
CN108417828A (zh) * 2018-03-09 2018-08-17 无锡晶石新型能源股份有限公司 一种汽相包覆改性镍钴锰酸锂正极材料的制备方法
JP7492806B2 (ja) * 2020-07-03 2024-05-30 リファインホールディングス株式会社 炭素質材料分散液およびその製造方法

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JP3347555B2 (ja) * 1994-12-01 2002-11-20 キヤノン株式会社 リチウム二次電池の負極の作製方法
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JP4487219B1 (ja) * 2008-12-26 2010-06-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 非水二次電池用電極の製造方法

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JP2014505343A (ja) 2014-02-27
US20140044888A1 (en) 2014-02-13
WO2012110196A3 (fr) 2012-10-11
WO2012110196A2 (fr) 2012-08-23
DE102011011155A1 (de) 2012-08-16
KR20140020264A (ko) 2014-02-18
CN103370826A (zh) 2013-10-23

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