Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
  • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
  • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
  • B26D1/125—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/582—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for discharging, e.g. doors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B9/00—Making granules
  • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
  • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
  • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
  • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
  • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
  • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents

Definitions

• the invention relates to a perforated plate of a granulating device for thermoplastic material with nozzle openings according to the preamble of claim 1.
• thermoplastic material e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene
• a perforated plate in which the molten plastic material is forced through nozzle openings of a perforated plate in a cooling medium, for example water, and there separated by a knife assembly whose at least one knife the nozzle openings of the perforated plate, so that Granulatkömer are formed
• a knife assembly whose at least one knife the nozzle openings of the perforated plate, so that Granulatspringmer are formed
• Corresponding devices which carry out, for example, methods for underwater granulation, are known as underwater granulation systems, for example under the product name SPHERO® from the company Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH.
• US Pat. No. 4,678,423 describes a nozzle plate arrangement for use in a granulation device, wherein between the base body there and the metallic end plate with nozzle openings there is provided an insulation layer, which may consist of vitreous material.
• the document WO 03/031132 Al describes a Granulierlochplatte for arrangement on the end face of a granulation head of an extruder for granulating plastics, wherein these Granulierlochplatte is designed for thermal insulation and wear protection as a one-piece ceramic plate body.
• This ceramic plate-body perforated plate may then be sprayed onto the granulation head, ie the corresponding plastic melt supply, it may be attached thereto by shrinking, or it may be screwed thereto.
• perforated plates are currently used, which must be subjected to relatively complex surface hardening steps in the manufacture, for example by hard metal coatings, but such perforated plates then often have no particularly advantageous thermal insulation properties.
• the perforated plate according to the invention of a granulating device for thermoplastic material has nozzle openings.
• the perforated plate has at least one region, e.g. at least in a region of the nozzle openings, which is swept by a knife during operation of the device, at least one side of the perforated plate on a functional layer.
• the functional layer according to the invention is heat-insulating against the perforated plate base material and more resistant to abrasion in relation to the perforated plate base material and consists of a coating of enamel.
• the perforated plate according to the invention can also have the functional layer over at least one entire side.
• the enamel coating according to the invention preferably consists of an amorphous, SiO 2 -based composition with additives for influencing the melting behavior, material strength, adhesion, abrasion resistance and thermal shock resistance as an insulating and wear protection layer.
• such a perforated plate can be a homogeneous heat insulation layer with simultaneous wear resistance in the region of the functional layer while avoiding possible damage to the coating due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the perforated plate according to the invention designed in this way in relation to the other elements of a granulating device.
• a first application of the invention is the enamelling of perforated plates for strand pelletizers.
• the heat loss is reduced by Aspirationskühlung or mecanicistichde air. Sensitivity to local cooling generated by spray water is reduced. The operating behavior is improved. Further applications are in the field of underwater and dry heat deflection, where the heat protection layer can also be used as a wear protection layer.
• the enamel coating of the invention lowers the total heat effluent from the region of the nozzle orifices (e.g., as a nozzle ring) such that, at much lower than current industry feed pressures, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump can be worked without the risk of freezing of the thermoplastic material or polymer in the casting head.
• the peculiarity and the advantage of the coating according to the invention with enamel as a special glass is that it can form under stress a microcrack structure which allows an elastic deformation above that of solid material. Also, the emergence of a microporosity is made possible, on the one hand reduces the heat conduction, on the other hand, the crack propagation.
• the use of enamel also allows some manufacturing advantages: concave surfaces can be fully cast, the wear protection layer connects in the course of production cohesively with the surface. This allows the Düsenöffhungen be provided as a nozzle capillary with a conical wall.
• the wall thickness should be kept everywhere so strong that the capillary tube ruptures neither by the impending pressure along the tube axis nor ruptures in the circumferential direction by the shear in the remaining piece to the mouth by friction during pressure reduction transferred to the wall. Both forces decrease towards the mouth of the nozzle opening, so that the optimum wall thickness of one given mechanical reasons given minimum wall thickness in the region of the beginning of the capillary to the mouth of a nozzle opening thus designed toward zero.
• the coating according to the invention with enamel typically has a thermal conductivity which is lower by a factor of 25 than that of structural and stainless steels.
• the functional layer of enamel has a layer thickness d in the range of 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
• the functional layer of enamel as already described above, microporous, more preferably with a pore size of less than 10 ⁇ .
• the functional layer of enamel is expediently arranged on the surface of the perforated plate according to the invention, preferably on the entire surface, from which the thermoplastic plastic material exits there from the nozzle openings.
• the functional layer of enamel can be constructed in multiple layers, preferably of enamel materials, each having a different composition.
• the nozzle openings of the perforated plate according to the invention can each be lined with capillary tubes, which also penetrate the functional layer of enamel.
• the capillary tubes penetrating the functional layer of enamel may have an arbitrarily shaped, but preferably cylindrical, cross-sectional shape and a steadily decreasing wall thickness towards the nozzle mouth, preferably shaped to give the shape of a truncated cone.
• the openings of the melt outlet channels can thus be provided there with correspondingly thin-walled, inserted tubes, which can be tightly secured there, for example by laser welding or soldering.
• the tubes protrude first out of the surface.
• the process water facing side of the perforated plate is enameled as thick as possible.
• the tubes allow a reaching to the mouths coating.
• the surface of the enamel is abraded together with the tubes and thereby equalized to a certain layer thickness.
• the functional layer of enamel has a hardness in the range of 500 HV to 700 HV, preferably of 600 HV.
• the functional layer of enamel has, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a thermal conductivity coefficient in the range of 1 W / mK to 2 W / mK.
• the functional layer of enamel may preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion which corresponds to that of the pure perforated plate base material or deviates at least only in the range ⁇ 10% thereof. This further improves the thermal expansion properties of the perforated plate designed in accordance with the invention, since the greatest possible homogeneity of the coefficient of thermal expansion over the entire perforated plate, including the functional layer, can be provided.
• the perforated plate base material may preferably be a metal or a metal alloy, particularly preferably steel or a steel alloy.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an enlarged section of a perforated plate with a functional layer according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically in a sectional view an enlarged detail of a perforated plate 1 of a granulating device for thermoplastic material, wherein the functional layer 3 against the perforated plate base material heat-insulating and abrasion resistant in relation to the perforated plate base material and from a coating of enamel with a layer thickness (d) of eg 5.00 mm exists.
• the nozzle openings 2 can each be lined with capillary tubes 4, which also penetrate the functional layer 3 of enamel
• FIG. 2 shows schematically a sectional view of the perforated plate according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the perforated plate 1 with the functional layer 3 of an enamel coating at an outlet region, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump of a granulator may be mounted (not shown in Fig. 2).
• the perforated plate 1 can be made in one piece, e.g. in one piece.
• Via melt channels 5, the molten thermoplastic material is supplied to the nozzle openings 2 of the perforated plate 1 according to the invention and exits there, wherein it is separated after leaving a knife device (also not shown in Fig. 2), whereby Granulatkömer be generated from the thermoplastic material.
• the functional layer 3 according to the invention can be provided only in a region of the perforated plate 1, which lies, for example, in the region of the nozzle openings 2, since mainly there the wear protection is particularly advantageous and desirable because of the knives of the blade device revolving there.
• FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment in which a complete side or surface of the perforated plate 1 is provided with the functional layer 3, which particularly optimizes the thermal conduction properties over the entire side of the perforated plate 3 according to the invention.
• the upper of the nozzle openings 2 shown in cross-section in Figure 2 is shown lined with a capillary tube 4, which also penetrates the functional layer 3 of enamel.
• FIG. 2 An arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 may be used, for example, in an underwater pelletizer.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2011
  • 2011-01-11 DE DE102011008257A patent/DE102011008257A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-11-21 BR BR112013014908A patent/BR112013014908A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-11-21 WO PCT/EP2011/005853 patent/WO2012095125A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2011-11-21 CN CN201180064411.1A patent/CN103298592B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-11-21 JP JP2013548747A patent/JP2014505608A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-11-21 EP EP11787614.4A patent/EP2663437A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-11-30 TW TW100143860A patent/TWI562879B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-06-25 US US13/925,963 patent/US20130287876A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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