EP2663437A1 - Perforated plate - Google Patents

Perforated plate

Info

Publication number
EP2663437A1
EP2663437A1 EP11787614.4A EP11787614A EP2663437A1 EP 2663437 A1 EP2663437 A1 EP 2663437A1 EP 11787614 A EP11787614 A EP 11787614A EP 2663437 A1 EP2663437 A1 EP 2663437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
perforated plate
enamel
functional layer
plate according
nozzle openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11787614.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Reinhardt-Karsten MÜRB
Hans-Walter Hefner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH
Original Assignee
Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH filed Critical Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH
Publication of EP2663437A1 publication Critical patent/EP2663437A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/125—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/582—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for discharging, e.g. doors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a perforated plate of a granulating device for thermoplastic material with nozzle openings according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • thermoplastic material e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene
  • a perforated plate in which the molten plastic material is forced through nozzle openings of a perforated plate in a cooling medium, for example water, and there separated by a knife assembly whose at least one knife the nozzle openings of the perforated plate, so that Granulatkömer are formed
  • a knife assembly whose at least one knife the nozzle openings of the perforated plate, so that Granulatspringmer are formed
  • Corresponding devices which carry out, for example, methods for underwater granulation, are known as underwater granulation systems, for example under the product name SPHERO® from the company Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH.
  • US Pat. No. 4,678,423 describes a nozzle plate arrangement for use in a granulation device, wherein between the base body there and the metallic end plate with nozzle openings there is provided an insulation layer, which may consist of vitreous material.
  • the document WO 03/031132 Al describes a Granulierlochplatte for arrangement on the end face of a granulation head of an extruder for granulating plastics, wherein these Granulierlochplatte is designed for thermal insulation and wear protection as a one-piece ceramic plate body.
  • This ceramic plate-body perforated plate may then be sprayed onto the granulation head, ie the corresponding plastic melt supply, it may be attached thereto by shrinking, or it may be screwed thereto.
  • perforated plates are currently used, which must be subjected to relatively complex surface hardening steps in the manufacture, for example by hard metal coatings, but such perforated plates then often have no particularly advantageous thermal insulation properties.
  • the perforated plate according to the invention of a granulating device for thermoplastic material has nozzle openings.
  • the perforated plate has at least one region, e.g. at least in a region of the nozzle openings, which is swept by a knife during operation of the device, at least one side of the perforated plate on a functional layer.
  • the functional layer according to the invention is heat-insulating against the perforated plate base material and more resistant to abrasion in relation to the perforated plate base material and consists of a coating of enamel.
  • the perforated plate according to the invention can also have the functional layer over at least one entire side.
  • the enamel coating according to the invention preferably consists of an amorphous, SiO 2 -based composition with additives for influencing the melting behavior, material strength, adhesion, abrasion resistance and thermal shock resistance as an insulating and wear protection layer.
  • such a perforated plate can be a homogeneous heat insulation layer with simultaneous wear resistance in the region of the functional layer while avoiding possible damage to the coating due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the perforated plate according to the invention designed in this way in relation to the other elements of a granulating device.
  • a first application of the invention is the enamelling of perforated plates for strand pelletizers.
  • the heat loss is reduced by Aspirationskühlung or mecanicistichde air. Sensitivity to local cooling generated by spray water is reduced. The operating behavior is improved. Further applications are in the field of underwater and dry heat deflection, where the heat protection layer can also be used as a wear protection layer.
  • the enamel coating of the invention lowers the total heat effluent from the region of the nozzle orifices (e.g., as a nozzle ring) such that, at much lower than current industry feed pressures, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump can be worked without the risk of freezing of the thermoplastic material or polymer in the casting head.
  • the peculiarity and the advantage of the coating according to the invention with enamel as a special glass is that it can form under stress a microcrack structure which allows an elastic deformation above that of solid material. Also, the emergence of a microporosity is made possible, on the one hand reduces the heat conduction, on the other hand, the crack propagation.
  • the use of enamel also allows some manufacturing advantages: concave surfaces can be fully cast, the wear protection layer connects in the course of production cohesively with the surface. This allows the Düsenöffhungen be provided as a nozzle capillary with a conical wall.
  • the wall thickness should be kept everywhere so strong that the capillary tube ruptures neither by the impending pressure along the tube axis nor ruptures in the circumferential direction by the shear in the remaining piece to the mouth by friction during pressure reduction transferred to the wall. Both forces decrease towards the mouth of the nozzle opening, so that the optimum wall thickness of one given mechanical reasons given minimum wall thickness in the region of the beginning of the capillary to the mouth of a nozzle opening thus designed toward zero.
  • the coating according to the invention with enamel typically has a thermal conductivity which is lower by a factor of 25 than that of structural and stainless steels.
  • the functional layer of enamel has a layer thickness d in the range of 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
  • the functional layer of enamel as already described above, microporous, more preferably with a pore size of less than 10 ⁇ .
  • the functional layer of enamel is expediently arranged on the surface of the perforated plate according to the invention, preferably on the entire surface, from which the thermoplastic plastic material exits there from the nozzle openings.
  • the functional layer of enamel can be constructed in multiple layers, preferably of enamel materials, each having a different composition.
  • the nozzle openings of the perforated plate according to the invention can each be lined with capillary tubes, which also penetrate the functional layer of enamel.
  • the capillary tubes penetrating the functional layer of enamel may have an arbitrarily shaped, but preferably cylindrical, cross-sectional shape and a steadily decreasing wall thickness towards the nozzle mouth, preferably shaped to give the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the openings of the melt outlet channels can thus be provided there with correspondingly thin-walled, inserted tubes, which can be tightly secured there, for example by laser welding or soldering.
  • the tubes protrude first out of the surface.
  • the process water facing side of the perforated plate is enameled as thick as possible.
  • the tubes allow a reaching to the mouths coating.
  • the surface of the enamel is abraded together with the tubes and thereby equalized to a certain layer thickness.
  • the functional layer of enamel has a hardness in the range of 500 HV to 700 HV, preferably of 600 HV.
  • the functional layer of enamel has, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a thermal conductivity coefficient in the range of 1 W / mK to 2 W / mK.
  • the functional layer of enamel may preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion which corresponds to that of the pure perforated plate base material or deviates at least only in the range ⁇ 10% thereof. This further improves the thermal expansion properties of the perforated plate designed in accordance with the invention, since the greatest possible homogeneity of the coefficient of thermal expansion over the entire perforated plate, including the functional layer, can be provided.
  • the perforated plate base material may preferably be a metal or a metal alloy, particularly preferably steel or a steel alloy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an enlarged section of a perforated plate with a functional layer according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in a sectional view an enlarged detail of a perforated plate 1 of a granulating device for thermoplastic material, wherein the functional layer 3 against the perforated plate base material heat-insulating and abrasion resistant in relation to the perforated plate base material and from a coating of enamel with a layer thickness (d) of eg 5.00 mm exists.
  • the nozzle openings 2 can each be lined with capillary tubes 4, which also penetrate the functional layer 3 of enamel
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a sectional view of the perforated plate according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the perforated plate 1 with the functional layer 3 of an enamel coating at an outlet region, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump of a granulator may be mounted (not shown in Fig. 2).
  • the perforated plate 1 can be made in one piece, e.g. in one piece.
  • Via melt channels 5, the molten thermoplastic material is supplied to the nozzle openings 2 of the perforated plate 1 according to the invention and exits there, wherein it is separated after leaving a knife device (also not shown in Fig. 2), whereby Granulatkömer be generated from the thermoplastic material.
  • the functional layer 3 according to the invention can be provided only in a region of the perforated plate 1, which lies, for example, in the region of the nozzle openings 2, since mainly there the wear protection is particularly advantageous and desirable because of the knives of the blade device revolving there.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment in which a complete side or surface of the perforated plate 1 is provided with the functional layer 3, which particularly optimizes the thermal conduction properties over the entire side of the perforated plate 3 according to the invention.
  • the upper of the nozzle openings 2 shown in cross-section in Figure 2 is shown lined with a capillary tube 4, which also penetrates the functional layer 3 of enamel.
  • FIG. 2 An arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 may be used, for example, in an underwater pelletizer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A perforated plate of a granulating device for thermoplastic plastic material, having nozzle openings, and wherein at least one side of the perforated plate has a functional layer in at least one region. The functional layer is thermally insulating as compared to the base material of the perforated plate, and is more abrasion-resistant than the base material of the perforated plate, and consists of an enamel coating.

Description

Lochplatte  perforated plate
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lochplatte einer Granuliervorrichtung für thermoplastisches Kunststoffmaterial mit Düsenöffnungen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a perforated plate of a granulating device for thermoplastic material with nozzle openings according to the preamble of claim 1.
Generell werden zur Granulierung von thermoplastischem Kunststoffmaterial, wie z.B. Polyethylen oder Polypropylen, häufig Granuliervorrichtungen eingesetzt, bei welchen das geschmolzene Kunststoffmaterial durch Düsenöffnungen einer Lochplatte in ein Kühlmedium, beispielsweise Wasser, gepresst wird und von einer Messeranordnung, deren zumindest ein Messer die Düsenöffnungen der Lochplatte überstreicht, dort abgetrennt wird, so dass Granulatkömer gebildet werden. Entsprechende Vorrichtungen, welche beispielsweise Verfahren zur Unterwassergranulierung ausführen, sind als Unterwassergranulierungsanlagen beispielsweise unter der Produktbezeichnung SPHERO® vom Unternehmen Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH bekannt. Bei solchen Granuliervorrichtungen entsteht aufgrund der hohen Kräfte, mit welchen die Messeranordnung an die Lochplatte geführt wird, ein relativ hoher Verschleiß der Lochplatte, insbesondere im Bereich der Düsenöffnungen. Außerdem kommt es im Bereich der Lochplatte zu hohen thermischen Belastungen aufgrund des unmittelbaren Kontakts der Lochplatte mit dem heißen geschmolzenen Kunststoffmaterial sowie dem Kühlmedium und den sonstigen Anlagenteilen der Granuliervorrichtung. Bei der Gestaltung z.B. von Anlagen mit Gießköpfen für Unterwasserheißabschläge tritt des Weiteren das Problem auf, dass der Kontakt mit dem Kühlmedium (z.B. Prozesswasser) den Gießkopf und damit die Schmelzekanäle stark auskühlt. Somit ist bei Lochplatten von Granuliervorrichtungen eine gute Wärmeisolierung und auch ein hoher Verschleißschutz wünschenswert, um zum einen den sicheren Betrieb einer entsprechenden Granuliervorrichtung zu gewährleisten und zum anderen auch möglichst lange Standzeiten zu ermöglichen. Generally, for the granulation of thermoplastic material, e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene, often used in granulating, in which the molten plastic material is forced through nozzle openings of a perforated plate in a cooling medium, for example water, and there separated by a knife assembly whose at least one knife the nozzle openings of the perforated plate, so that Granulatkömer are formed , Corresponding devices which carry out, for example, methods for underwater granulation, are known as underwater granulation systems, for example under the product name SPHERO® from the company Automatik Plastics Machinery GmbH. In such granulating due to the high forces with which the blade assembly is guided to the perforated plate, a relatively high wear of the perforated plate, in particular in the region of the nozzle openings. In addition, high thermal loads occur in the area of the perforated plate due to the direct contact of the perforated plate with the hot molten plastic material as well as the cooling medium and the other parts of the granulator. When designing e.g. Furthermore, in systems with heads for hot water undercoaching, the problem arises that contact with the cooling medium (for example process water) strongly cools the casting head and thus the melt channels. Thus, in perforated plates of granulating good heat insulation and high wear protection desirable to ensure the one hand, the safe operation of a corresponding granulating and on the other hand to allow the longest possible life.
Das US-Patent US 4,678,423 beschreibt eine Düsenplattenanordnung zur Verwendung in einer Granulationsvorrichtung, wobei zwischen dem dortigen Grundkörper und der dortigen metallischen Stimplatte mit Düsenöffnungen eine Isolationsschicht vorgesehen ist, welche aus glasartigem Material bestehen kann. US Pat. No. 4,678,423 describes a nozzle plate arrangement for use in a granulation device, wherein between the base body there and the metallic end plate with nozzle openings there is provided an insulation layer, which may consist of vitreous material.
Das Dokument WO 03/031132 AI beschreibt eine Granulierlochplatte zur Anordnung an der Stirnfläche eines Granulierkopfs eines Extruders zum Granulieren von Kunststoffen, wobei diese Granulierlochplatte zur Wärmeisolierung und zum Verschleißschutz als einteiliger keramischer Plattenkörper ausgebildet ist. Diese keramische Plattenkörper-Lochplatte kann dann auf den Granulierkopf, d. h. die entsprechende Kunststoffschmelzezuführung, aufgespritzt sein, sie kann daran durch Aufschrumpfen befestigt sein, oder sie kann daran angeschraubt sein. The document WO 03/031132 Al describes a Granulierlochplatte for arrangement on the end face of a granulation head of an extruder for granulating plastics, wherein these Granulierlochplatte is designed for thermal insulation and wear protection as a one-piece ceramic plate body. This ceramic plate-body perforated plate may then be sprayed onto the granulation head, ie the corresponding plastic melt supply, it may be attached thereto by shrinking, or it may be screwed thereto.
Generell werden momentan auch Lochplatten eingesetzt, welche relativ aufwendig bestimmten Oberflächenhärtungsschritten bei der Herstellung unterzogen werden müssen, beispielsweise durch Hartmetallbeschichtungen, wobei solche Lochplatten dann allerdings häufig keine besonders vorteilhaften Wärmeisolierungseigenschaften aufweisen. In general, perforated plates are currently used, which must be subjected to relatively complex surface hardening steps in the manufacture, for example by hard metal coatings, but such perforated plates then often have no particularly advantageous thermal insulation properties.
Es ist somit die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Lochplatte vorzusehen, welche konstruktiv einfach und möglichst kostengünstig das Vorsehen einer optimierten Wärmeisolation bei gleichzeitig hoher Verschleißfestigkeit ermöglicht. Ferner soll eine möglichst lange Standzeit einer Lochplatte erfmdungsgemäß ermöglicht sein. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a perforated plate, which allows structurally simple and cost-effective as possible the provision of optimized heat insulation with high wear resistance. Furthermore, a possible long service life of a perforated plate should be made possible according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Lochplatte einer Granuliervorrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. The object of the invention is achieved by a perforated plate of a granulating device with the features according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lochplatte einer Granuliervorrichtung für thermoplastisches Kunststoffmaterial weist Düsenöffnungen auf. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Lochplatte außerdem zumindest in einem Bereich, z.B. zumindest in einem Bereich der Düsenöffnungen, welcher im Betrieb der Vorrichtung von einem Messer überstrichen wird, zumindest einer Seite der Lochplatte eine Funktionsschicht auf. Die Funktionsschicht ist erfindungsgemäß gegen das Lochplattenbasismaterial wärmeisolierend und im Verhältnis zum Lochplattenbasismaterial abrasionsresistenter und besteht aus einer Beschichtung aus Emaille. Die erfindungsgemäße Lochplatte kann auch über zumindest eine ganze Seite die Funktionsschicht aufweisen. Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung aus Emaille besteht bevorzugt aus einer amorphen, Si02- basierten Masse mit Zuschlagstoffen zur Beeinflussung von Schmelzverhalten, Materialfestigkeit, Haftung, Abrasionsbeständigkeit und Thermoschockbeständigkeit als Isolier- und Verschleißschutzschicht. The perforated plate according to the invention of a granulating device for thermoplastic material has nozzle openings. In addition, according to the invention, the perforated plate has at least one region, e.g. at least in a region of the nozzle openings, which is swept by a knife during operation of the device, at least one side of the perforated plate on a functional layer. The functional layer according to the invention is heat-insulating against the perforated plate base material and more resistant to abrasion in relation to the perforated plate base material and consists of a coating of enamel. The perforated plate according to the invention can also have the functional layer over at least one entire side. The enamel coating according to the invention preferably consists of an amorphous, SiO 2 -based composition with additives for influencing the melting behavior, material strength, adhesion, abrasion resistance and thermal shock resistance as an insulating and wear protection layer.
Somit ergeben sich erfindungsgemäß die besonderen Vorteile der Kombination der Eigenschaften des Lochplattenbasismaterials und der Emaille-Beschichtung im Bereich der Funktionsschicht der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte. Insbesondere kann eine solche Lochplatte eine homogene Wärmeisolationsschicht bei gleichzeitiger Verschleißfestigkeit im Bereich der Funktionsschicht unter Vermeidung möglicher Beschädigungen der Beschichtung aufgrund unterschiedlicher Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der so gestalteten erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte gegenüber den sonstigen Elementen einer Granuliervorrichtung bieten. Thus, according to the invention, the particular advantages of combining the properties of the perforated plate base material and the enamel coating in the area of the functional layer of the perforated plate according to the invention result. In particular, such a perforated plate can be a homogeneous heat insulation layer with simultaneous wear resistance in the region of the functional layer while avoiding possible damage to the coating due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the perforated plate according to the invention designed in this way in relation to the other elements of a granulating device.
Ein erster Anwendungsfall der Erfindung besteht in der Emaillierung von Lochplatten für Stranggranulatoren. Durch die Emaillierung wird der Wärmeverlust durch Aspirationskühlung bzw. vorbeistreichende Luft reduziert. Die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber durch Spritzwasser erzeugter lokaler Abkühlung wird reduziert. Das Betriebsverhalten wird verbessert. Weitere Einsatzfälle liegen im Bereich Unterwasser- und Trockenheißabschlag, wo die Wärmeschutzschicht auch als Verschleißschutzschicht genutzt werden kann. A first application of the invention is the enamelling of perforated plates for strand pelletizers. By enamelling the heat loss is reduced by Aspirationskühlung or vorbeistreichende air. Sensitivity to local cooling generated by spray water is reduced. The operating behavior is improved. Further applications are in the field of underwater and dry heat deflection, where the heat protection layer can also be used as a wear protection layer.
Die erfindungsgemäße Emaille-Beschichtung senkt den gesamten Wärmeabfluss aus dem Bereich der Düsenöffnungen (z.B. Anordnung als Düsenring) derart, dass bei weit niedrigeren als bei derzeit branchenüblichen Speisedrücken z.B. eines Extruders oder einer Schmelzepumpe gearbeitet werden kann, ohne dass die Gefahr des Einfrierens des thermoplastischen Kunststoffmaterials bzw. Polymers im Gießkopf besteht. The enamel coating of the invention lowers the total heat effluent from the region of the nozzle orifices (e.g., as a nozzle ring) such that, at much lower than current industry feed pressures, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump can be worked without the risk of freezing of the thermoplastic material or polymer in the casting head.
Der Einsatz von nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen in Kombination mit metallischen Werkstoffen im Bereich der Lochplatte beinhaltet üblicher Weise das Problem, dass metallische und nichtmetallische Werkstoffe sehr unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Der für den Betrieb und die Reinigung der Vorrichtung üblicher Weise notwendige Temperaturbereich liegt dabei bei etwa 450°C. Dadurch entstehen bei mit einander stoffschlüssig verbundenen Werkstoffpaarungen leicht Eigenspannungen, welche die Materialien über die Maximalfestigkeit hinaus belasten und dadurch zur Zerstörung führen. The use of non-metallic materials in combination with metallic materials in the area of the perforated plate usually involves the problem that metallic and non-metallic materials have very different thermal expansion coefficients. The necessary for the operation and cleaning of the device usual way temperature range is about 450 ° C. As a result, with inherent material pairings, it is easy to create residual stresses, which stress the materials beyond their maximum strength and thus lead to their destruction.
Die Besonderheit und der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung mit Emaille als Spezialglas liegt darin, dass es unter Spannung eine Mikrorissstruktur ausbilden kann, die eine elastische Verformung oberhalb der von Vollmaterial erlaubt. Auch ist das Entstehen einer Mikroporosität ermöglicht, die einerseits die Wärmeleitung, andererseits die Rissfortpflanzung verringert. Der Einsatz von Emaille ermöglicht aber auch einige fertigungstechnische Vorteile: konkave Oberflächen können vollgegossen werden, die Verschleißschutzschicht verbindet sich im Zuge der Fertigung stoffschlüssig mit der Oberfläche. Dadurch können die Düsenöffhungen als Düsenkapillare mit einer konischen Wandung versehen werden. Die Wandstärke sollte dabei überall so stark gehalten sein, dass das Kapillarrohr weder durch den anstehenden Druck längs zur Rohrachse aufreißt noch durch die im Reststück bis zur Mündung durch Reibung beim Druckabbau auf die Wand übertragene Schubspannung in Umfangsrichtung abreißt. Beide Kräfte nehmen zur Mündung der Düsenöffnung hin ab, so dass die optimale Wandstärke von einer aus mechanischen Gründen gegebenen Mindestwandstärke im Bereich des Kapillarenanfangs zur Mündung einer so gestalteten Düsenöffnung hin gegen null geht. The peculiarity and the advantage of the coating according to the invention with enamel as a special glass is that it can form under stress a microcrack structure which allows an elastic deformation above that of solid material. Also, the emergence of a microporosity is made possible, on the one hand reduces the heat conduction, on the other hand, the crack propagation. However, the use of enamel also allows some manufacturing advantages: concave surfaces can be fully cast, the wear protection layer connects in the course of production cohesively with the surface. This allows the Düsenöffhungen be provided as a nozzle capillary with a conical wall. The wall thickness should be kept everywhere so strong that the capillary tube ruptures neither by the impending pressure along the tube axis nor ruptures in the circumferential direction by the shear in the remaining piece to the mouth by friction during pressure reduction transferred to the wall. Both forces decrease towards the mouth of the nozzle opening, so that the optimum wall thickness of one given mechanical reasons given minimum wall thickness in the region of the beginning of the capillary to the mouth of a nozzle opening thus designed toward zero.
Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung mit Emaille weist typischerweise eine gegenüber Bau- und Edelstählen um den Faktor 25 niedrigere Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. The coating according to the invention with enamel typically has a thermal conductivity which is lower by a factor of 25 than that of structural and stainless steels.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte weist die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille eine Schichtdicke d im Bereich von 5,0 mm bis 10,0 mm auf. According to a preferred embodiment of the perforated plate according to the invention, the functional layer of enamel has a layer thickness d in the range of 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte ist die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille, wie bereits weiter oben beschreiben, mikroporös, besonders bevorzugt mit einer Porengröße von kleiner 10 μπι. According to a further preferred embodiment of the perforated plate according to the invention, the functional layer of enamel, as already described above, microporous, more preferably with a pore size of less than 10 μπι.
Zweckmäßig ist die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille an der Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte, bevorzugt an der gesamten Oberfläche, angeordnet, aus welcher das thermoplastische Kunststoffmaterial dort aus den Düsenöffnungen austritt. The functional layer of enamel is expediently arranged on the surface of the perforated plate according to the invention, preferably on the entire surface, from which the thermoplastic plastic material exits there from the nozzle openings.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte kann die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille mehrschichtig aufgebaut sein, bevorzugt aus Emaillematerialien mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung. According to a further preferred embodiment of the perforated plate according to the invention, the functional layer of enamel can be constructed in multiple layers, preferably of enamel materials, each having a different composition.
Die Düsenöffnungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte können jeweils mit Kapillarröhren ausgekleidet sein, welche auch die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille durchdringen. The nozzle openings of the perforated plate according to the invention can each be lined with capillary tubes, which also penetrate the functional layer of enamel.
Die die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille (d.h. die Isolier- und Verschleißschutzschicht) durchdringenden Kapillarrohren können innen einen beliebig geformten, aber bevorzugt zylindrischen Querschnittsverlauf und zur Düsenmündung hin eine stetig abnehmende Wandstärke aufweisen, bevorzugt so geformt, dass sich die Gestalt eines Kegelstumpfes ergibt. The capillary tubes penetrating the functional layer of enamel (i.e., the insulating and wear protection layer) may have an arbitrarily shaped, but preferably cylindrical, cross-sectional shape and a steadily decreasing wall thickness towards the nozzle mouth, preferably shaped to give the shape of a truncated cone.
Zur Kompensation von möglichen Kantenausbrüchen im Bereich der Düsenöffnungen können somit dort die Mündungen der Schmelzeaustrittskanäle mit entsprechend dünnwandigen, eingesetzten Röhrchen versehen sein, welche dort zum Beispiel durch Laserschweißen oder Löten dicht befestigt sein können. Die Röhrchen ragen zunächst aus der Oberfläche heraus. Anschließend wird die dem Prozesswasser zugewandte Seite der Lochplatte möglichst dickschichtig emailliert. Die Röhrchen ermöglichen eine bis an die Mündungen heranreichende Beschichtung. In einem nächsten Arbeitsgang wird die Oberfläche des Emailles zusammen mit den Röhrchen abgeschliffen und dabei egalisiert auf eine bestimmte Schichtdicke. To compensate for possible edge breakouts in the region of the nozzle openings, the openings of the melt outlet channels can thus be provided there with correspondingly thin-walled, inserted tubes, which can be tightly secured there, for example by laser welding or soldering. The tubes protrude first out of the surface. Subsequently, the process water facing side of the perforated plate is enameled as thick as possible. The tubes allow a reaching to the mouths coating. In a next step, the surface of the enamel is abraded together with the tubes and thereby equalized to a certain layer thickness.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte weist die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille eine Härte im Bereich von 500 HV bis 700 HV, bevorzugt von 600 HV, auf. According to a preferred embodiment of the perforated plate according to the invention, the functional layer of enamel has a hardness in the range of 500 HV to 700 HV, preferably of 600 HV.
Die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille weist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung einen Wärmeleitkoeffizienten im Bereich von 1 W/mK bis 2 W/mK auf. The functional layer of enamel has, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a thermal conductivity coefficient in the range of 1 W / mK to 2 W / mK.
Die Funktionsschicht aus Emaille kann bevorzugt einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, welcher dem des reinen Lochplattenbasismaterials entspricht oder zumindest lediglich im Bereich ± 10% davon abweicht. Dies verbessert die Wärmeausdehnungseigenschaften der so erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Lochplatte noch weiter, da eine weitestgehende Homogenität des Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten über die gesamte Lochplatte inklusive Funktionsschicht gegeben sein kann. The functional layer of enamel may preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion which corresponds to that of the pure perforated plate base material or deviates at least only in the range ± 10% thereof. This further improves the thermal expansion properties of the perforated plate designed in accordance with the invention, since the greatest possible homogeneity of the coefficient of thermal expansion over the entire perforated plate, including the functional layer, can be provided.
Im Hinblick z.B. auf möglichst homogene und angepasste Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte kann das Lochplattenbasismaterial bevorzugt ein Metall oder eine Metalllegierung sein, besonders bevorzugt Stahl oder eine Stahllegierung. With regard to e.g. For the most homogeneous and adapted coefficients of thermal expansion of the perforated plate according to the invention, the perforated plate base material may preferably be a metal or a metal alloy, particularly preferably steel or a steel alloy.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher beispielhaft erläutert werden. Es zeigen: The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the attached figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines vergrößerten Ausschnitts einer Lochplatte mit einer Funktionsschicht gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßeri Lochplatte. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an enlarged section of a perforated plate with a functional layer according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate according to the invention.
Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch in einer Schnittansicht einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt einer Lochplatte 1 einer Granuliervorrichtung für thermoplastisches Kunststoffmaterial, wobei die Funktionsschicht 3 gegen das Lochplattenbasismaterial wärmeisolierend und im Verhältnis zum Lochplattenbasismaterial abrasionsresistenter ist und aus einer Beschichtung aus Emaille mit einer Schichtdicke (d) von z.B. 5,00 mm besteht. Die Düsenöffnungen 2 können jeweils mit Kapillarröhren 4 ausgekleidet sein, welche auch die Funktionsschicht 3 aus Emaille durchdringen 1 shows schematically in a sectional view an enlarged detail of a perforated plate 1 of a granulating device for thermoplastic material, wherein the functional layer 3 against the perforated plate base material heat-insulating and abrasion resistant in relation to the perforated plate base material and from a coating of enamel with a layer thickness (d) of eg 5.00 mm exists. The nozzle openings 2 can each be lined with capillary tubes 4, which also penetrate the functional layer 3 of enamel
Die Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine Schnittansicht der Lochplatte gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, wobei die Lochplatte 1 mit der Funktionsschicht 3 aus einer Beschichtung aus Emaille an einem Auslassbereich z.B. eines Extruders oder einer Schmelzepumpe einer Granuliervorrichtung angebracht sein kann (in Fig. 2 nicht gezeigt). Die Lochplatte 1 kann einteilig, z.B. aus einem Stück, ausgeführt sein. Über Schmelzekanäle 5 wird das geschmolzene thermoplastische Kunststoffmaterial den Düsenöffnungen 2 der erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte 1 zugeführt und tritt dort aus, wobei es nach dem Austritt von einer Messervorrichtung (in Fig. 2 ebenfalls nicht gezeigt) abgetrennt wird, wodurch Granulatkömer aus dem thermoplastischen Kunststoffmaterial erzeugt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Funktionsschicht 3 kann nur in einem Bereich der Lochplatte 1 vorgesehen sein, welcher z.B im Bereich der Düsenöffnungen 2 liegt, da hauptsächlich dort insbesondere der Verschleißschutz wegen der dort umlaufenden Messer der Messereinrichtung besonders vorteilhaft und wünschenswert ist. Die Fig. 2 zeigt dagegen eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform, bei welcher eine komplette Seite bzw. Oberfläche der Lochplatte 1 mit der Funktionsschicht 3 versehen ist, was besonders die Wärmeleiteigenschaften über die ganze Seite der so gestalteten erfindungsgemäßen Lochplatte 3 entsprechend homogen optimiert. Die obere der in Figur 2 im Querschnitt gezeigten Düsenöffnungen 2 ist mit einer Kapillarröhre 4 ausgekleidet dargestellt, welche auch die Funktionsschicht 3 aus Emaille durchdringt. Figure 2 shows schematically a sectional view of the perforated plate according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the perforated plate 1 with the functional layer 3 of an enamel coating at an outlet region, e.g. an extruder or a melt pump of a granulator may be mounted (not shown in Fig. 2). The perforated plate 1 can be made in one piece, e.g. in one piece. Via melt channels 5, the molten thermoplastic material is supplied to the nozzle openings 2 of the perforated plate 1 according to the invention and exits there, wherein it is separated after leaving a knife device (also not shown in Fig. 2), whereby Granulatkömer be generated from the thermoplastic material. The functional layer 3 according to the invention can be provided only in a region of the perforated plate 1, which lies, for example, in the region of the nozzle openings 2, since mainly there the wear protection is particularly advantageous and desirable because of the knives of the blade device revolving there. On the other hand, FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment in which a complete side or surface of the perforated plate 1 is provided with the functional layer 3, which particularly optimizes the thermal conduction properties over the entire side of the perforated plate 3 according to the invention. The upper of the nozzle openings 2 shown in cross-section in Figure 2 is shown lined with a capillary tube 4, which also penetrates the functional layer 3 of enamel.
Eine Anordnung, wie sie in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, kann beispielsweise bei einer Unterwassergranulierungsvorrichtung zum Einsatz kommen. An arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 may be used, for example, in an underwater pelletizer.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Lochplatte (1) einer Granuliervorrichtung für thermoplastisches Kunststoff material, mit Düsenöffnungen (2), wobei in zumindest einem Bereich zumindest eine Seite der Lochplatte (1) eine Funktionsschicht (3) aufweist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) gegen das Lochplattenbasismatenal wärmeisolierend und im Verhältnis zum Lochplattenbasismatenal abrasionsresistenter ist und aus einer Beschichtung aus Emaille besteht. 1 perforated plate (1) of a granulating device for thermoplastic material, with nozzle openings (2), wherein in at least one area at least one side of the perforated plate (1) has a functional layer (3), characterized in that the functional layer (3) against the Lochplattenbasismatenal heat-insulating and abrasion-resistant in relation to the perforated plate base material and consists of a coating of enamel.
2. Lochplatte nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille eine Schichtdicke (d) im Bereich von 5,0 mm bis 10,0 mm aufweist. 2. perforated plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer (3) of enamel has a layer thickness (d) in the range of 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
3. Lochplatte nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille mikroporös ist. 3. perforated plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the functional layer (3) made of enamel is microporous.
4. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille an der Oberfläche der Lochplatte, bevorzugt an der gesamten Oberfläche, angeordnet ist, aus welcher das thermoplastische Kunststoffmaterial dort aus den Düsenöffnungen (2) austritt. 4. perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the functional layer (3) made of enamel on the surface of the perforated plate, preferably on the entire surface, is arranged, from which the thermoplastic material exits there from the nozzle openings (2) ,
5. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille mehrschichtig aufgebaut ist, bevorzugt aus Emaillematerialien mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung. 5. perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the functional layer (3) made of enamel is multilayer, preferably of enamel materials, each having a different composition.
6. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsenöffnungen (2) jeweils mit Kapillarröhren (4) ausgekleidet sind, welche auch die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille durchdringen. 6. Perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle openings (2) are each lined with capillary tubes (4), which also penetrate the functional layer (3) made of enamel.
7. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille eine Härte im Bereich von 500 HV bis 700 HV, bevorzugt von 600 HV, aufweist. 7. Perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the functional layer (3) of enamel has a hardness in the range of 500 HV to 700 HV, preferably of 600 HV.
8. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille einen Wärmeleitkoeffizienten im Bereich von 1 W/mK bis 2 W/mK aufweist. 8. Perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the functional layer (3) of enamel has a heat transfer coefficient in the range of 1 W / mK to 2 W / mK.
9. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Funktionsschicht (3) aus Emaille einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, welcher dem des reinen Lochplattenbasismaterials entspricht oder zumindest lediglich im Bereich ± 10% davon abweicht. 9. Perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the functional layer (3) of enamel has a thermal expansion coefficient which corresponds to that of the pure perforated plate base material or at least deviates from it only in the range ± 10%.
10. Lochplatte nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lochplattenbasismatenal ein Metall oder eine Metalllegierung ist, bevorzugt Stahl oder eine Stahllegierung ist. 10. Perforated plate according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the perforated plate base material is a metal or a metal alloy, preferably steel or a steel alloy.
EP11787614.4A 2011-01-11 2011-11-21 Perforated plate Withdrawn EP2663437A1 (en)

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TW201235176A (en) 2012-09-01
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