Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B15/00—Escapements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B15/00—Escapements
  • G04B15/06—Free escapements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B15/00—Escapements
  • G04B15/12—Adjusting; Restricting the amplitude of the lever or the like
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B15/00—Escapements
  • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
  • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making

Definitions

• the invention relates to a locking device for a gear wheel which is intended in particular in the field of micromechanics. It is well suited to the field of watchmaking where it can, for example, be part of a direct or indirect impulse escapement, especially in a wristwatch. Background of the invention
• European Patent Application No. EP 2 037 335 A2 relates to an anchor for watch exhaust.
• an anchor having two fixing arms (numbered 7) and an elastic spring provided to be biased in traction (numbered 10). These three elements are connected to the connecting zone (numbered 6) of the two arms (numbered 2) of the anchor and they are all located on the same side of the anchor.
• the attachment arms are identical, they form an acute angle between them and each have at their free end an annular eyelet (numbered 8).
• the spring is disposed between them, equidistant from one and the other, and is provided at its free end with a fixing plate (numbered 11) having an oblong hole (numbered 12).
• Such an anchor is very difficult to fix accurately. Indeed, it is necessary to fix each of the two eyelets separately then the fixing plate, knowing that it must be screwed in an adjustable manner. There must also be sufficient space around the mounting plate to adjust its position. In addition, this anchor is very sensitive to dimensional variations in its constituent parts, which must then have very limited manufacturing tolerance intervals.
• the main object of the invention is to minimize, or even eliminate, the games related to the displacement of a mobile controlling the rotation of a toothed wheel, so as to increase the performance of the mechanism of which this gear is part. This must be done in a simple and precise way.
• a blocker comprising two arms each provided with a pallet intended to come into contact with a tooth of the toothed wheel; a first and a second elastic element each having one end connected to the blocker and another end connected to the frame;
• this locking device being characterized in that it is in one piece or in one piece with the exception of at least one of the pallets.
• the locking device according to the invention allows improved relative positioning of all the constituent parts of the mechanism. In this way it can be flat, which facilitates its fixation. In addition, it can be manufactured with higher tolerance intervals, which makes its manufacture less delicate.
• the locking device according to the invention is similar to an anchor or a blocker for watch exhaust. This is not strictly an escapement because it does not include all the constituent bodies (see “Professional Illustrated Dictionary of Watchmaking I + II", G.-A. Berner).
• variable preloading system comprises an eccentric screw or micrometer.
• variable preloading system comprises an additional block connected to the frame by fifth and sixth flexible blades or by means of an intermediate block itself connected to the frame by seventh and eighth blades.
• the invention also relates to a timepiece, summarized in the following point:
• Timepiece comprising a locking device for a toothed wheel according to one of the points 1 to 15.
• Timepiece according to item 16, the locking device forming part of an exhaust and the toothed wheel being an escape wheel.
• the invention also relates to methods for producing a timepiece whose essential characteristics emerge from the following points:
• a micrometric or eccentric screw is fixed so that it is in contact with the additional block; and the first micrometric or eccentric screw is rotated until a bistable system is obtained.
• a micrometer screw is fixed so that it is in contact with the intermediate block
• a wedge is inserted between the frame and the intermediate block.
• FIG. 2 a locking device according to
• FIG. 3 an advantageous embodiment of a locking device according to the invention applied to an escapement of the expansion type with screws
• FIG. 6 the application of the embodiment of FIG. 5 to an escapement of the expansion type with inertial plate
• FIG. 7 the application of the embodiment of FIG. 5 to a conventional expansion escapement
• FIG. 8 the application of the embodiment of FIG. 5 to a Robin escapement with an anchor
• FIG. 9 the application of the embodiment of FIG. 5 to an indirect impulse escapement, of the classic Swiss anchor type
• FIG. 11 is a plan view of a portion of an exhaust similar to the exhaust shown in FIG. 3, without the flexible elements and the chassis;
• This locking device is shown generally in Figure 1 where it is disposed adjacent to a gear with which it is intended to cooperate.
• the locking device 1 comprises a blocker 9 comprising two arms 10,11 forming between them an elbow and an angle (obtuse in the figure but which could be acute) on the side opposite the elbow, c that is, on the side of the toothed wheel 40.
• the locking device comprises a frame 7 designed to be fixed in a known manner on a support such as a platen or a watch movement bridge, for example by means of holes 8 provided for receiving screws fixation.
• the flexible blades 12,13 then join this frame 7.
• the flexible blades 12, 13 could possibly start from the same arm, provided that their virtual intersection, which defines the pivot point of the blocker, occurs at the appropriate place for the proper functioning of the exhaust .
• placing one end of the flexible blades each on one arm maximizes the pivot angle of the device.
• One of the arms, the arm 10, is provided at its free end, or near the latter, with an entry pallet 14 intended to lock a tooth of the toothed wheel 40.
• the other arm 11 is provided, at its end which is not that connected to the arm 10 or close to the latter, of an output pallet 15 intended to come into contact with a tooth of the toothed wheel 40.
• an elastic element 16 is connected to the blocker, preferably at the end of one of the arms, for example at the end of the arm 11.
• This elastic element 16 consists of a block rigid rectangular 17 which is extended on its transverse side facing the arm 11 by a flexible blade 18 and, on its other transverse side, by a flexible blade 19.
• This flexible blade 19 can be connected to a fixing block 20.
• the flexible blade 19 is preferably connected to the frame 7.
• the flexible blade 19 is connected to an L-shaped portion 21 which joins the frame 7.
• the elastic element 16 is essential to the proper functioning of the locking device according to the invention. Indeed, it allows for a pivot system with three joints, namely:
• the sizing of the frame (21), or the fine adjustment of the distance between the block 20 and the frame 7, makes it possible to give a bistable behavior to the mechanism, that is to say that the three-pivot pivoting system allows the blocker 9 to evolve between two stable and well-defined equilibrium positions through an unstable equilibrium position.
• the prestressing can be obtained by appropriate dimensioning of the parts of the locking device. It can be provided from the design of the locking device. So, in Figure 2, if the part 21 L-shaped presses on the blade 19, it indirectly exerts a prestress on the arm 11.
• the block 20 can be fixed close to the rigid block 17, at a distance less than the length of the blade 19, so as to press the blade 19.
• FIG. 2 represents a blocking device 2 according to the invention, as applied to an exhaust of the Robin type.
• the end of the arm 10 which is opposite the arm 11 extends, beyond the input pallet 14, by a fork-shaped portion 22 provided to cooperate with a rocker whose only plateau 23 is shown in FIG.
• FIG. 3 represents the locking device according to the invention, as applied to an escapement of the expansion type. Therefore, a trigger 25, which is connected in known manner to the blocker 9, cooperates with an unlocking pin 26 fixed on the plate 27 of a rocker shown in FIG. Similarly, a pulse pallet 28 is provided on a part integral with the balance to be driven by the escapement wheel 40. All this is well known to those skilled in the art who can find, in reference books dealing with expansion type exhausts, or possibly in the European patent application No. EP-A-1708,046, all the details concerning the blocker, the fixing and the precise shape of the trigger 25 as well as its cooperation with the balance. Thanks to the frame 7, the locking device according to the invention can be implemented more easily.
• the operation of the three-joint system is improved by virtue of a prestressing system acting on the elastic element 16.
• This elastic prestressing system allows better control of the prestressing force than with the geometrical prestressing method. This makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the bistable behavior to the dimensional errors of the constituent parts of the locking device according to the invention and thus makes it possible to increase the dimensional tolerances.
• This prestressing system constantly exerts an elastic force on the elastic element 16 through the blades 31 and 32 ( Figure 4) which are prestressed. Adjustable geometric prestressing
• the prestressing system is adjustable, that is to say it is capable of varying the stress exerted on the elastic element 16.
• FIG. 4 shows another way of producing an adjustable elastic prestressing system. It consists of connecting the blade 19 of the elastic member 16 to an additional block 30 which is itself connected to the frame 7 by means of flexible blades 31,32 which play a guiding role. By then moving, for example by means of a screw (not shown), the additional block 30, the prestress exerted on the elastic element 16 is exerted and varied. This prestress can also be increased by adequate sizing of the part 7a. of the frame 7 to which are connected the flexible blades 31, 32.
• FIG. 5 shows an advantageous variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
• the additional block 30 is not connected directly to the frame 7, but by means of an intermediate block 33 which is itself even connected to the frame 7 by flexible blades 34,35 which play a guiding role.
• the intermediate block 33 which is itself even connected to the frame 7 by flexible blades 34,35 which play a guiding role.
• This system therefore acts as a preload spring consisting of blades 31 and 32 working in parallel and whose prestressing stroke is x.
• the blocker 9 adopts a bistable behavior, that is to say that it can no longer oscillate freely around a position of equilibrium single center, but switches from one extreme stable position to another. Increased security is thus obtained: during the unlocking phase before the impulse, the pulling torque due to the bistable flexible pivot formed by the elastic blades 12, 13 is added to the pulling force of the escape wheel 40. This pulling torque determines the dynamic behavior of the flexible pivot. If we compare this system with a conventional expansion exhaust, we see that the return torque of the bistable flexible pivot replaces the return torque of the spring of the conventional expansion escapement.
• the intermediate block 33 comprises a stud 36 and the frame 7 comprises a recess 37 able to receive this stud and to delimit its movements.
• the stud 36 therefore acts as a limit stop, in order to secure the system and prevent accidental breaks during the application of the prestressing. Indeed, the displacement of the stud 36 is limited by the walls of the recess 37. Its maximum displacement is expected to remain less than the displacement corresponding to the breaking stress.
• FIG. 6 shows the use of the locking device which has just been described in an escapement of the expansion type. Only the shape of the frame 7 is different here from that of the frame of FIG.
• FIG. 6 it can be seen that the balance is surmounted by an inertial plate 52.
• inertial plate 52 The latter and its operation are described in detail in the application for European Patent Publication No. EP 2 221 677 and the contents of which are incorporated by reference in the present patent application.
• EP 2 221 677 the inertial plate 52 is called "inertial member 11".
• the locking device according to the invention also has several advantages over the known systems of the state of the art, in particular the European patent application No. EP 2,037,335 A2 which relates to an anchor for watch exhaust.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 show that the first two elements forming the pivot are placed on the same side of the blocker and having between them an angle substantially smaller than 90 ° (30 ° in the case of FIG. 7), with the third element placed on the bisector and inside the angle formed by the first two elements (see paragraph 22, 1.43-48).
• the angle between the first two elements that form the pivot is much less than 90 °, which makes the imperfections sensitive system.
• the elastic energy is stored integrally in the two pivoting elements, by buckling of the blades.
• the angle between the first two elements which form the pivot is generally 90 ° and can even be higher.
• the force is in turn preferentially applied in a direction which is outside the sector formed by the two pivoting elements, so that only one blade is stressed in compression and thus by buckling, the other blade being stressed in tension.
• the influence of dimensional variation on the critical load is therefore significantly reduced, so that manufacturing tolerances are much less critical for the operation of the system.
• the distribution between the compressive (buckling) and tensile stresses can moreover be adjusted with the angle between the two first elastic elements and with the orientation of the force F with respect to the first two elastic elements.
• the elastic energy is stored largely in the third elastic element.
• the locking device according to the invention therefore advantageously offers the possibility of providing that one of the first and second elastic elements works in traction and the other in compression, which is impossible with the anchor being the subject of the application. patent supra.
• the adjustment of the constraints by the third element is facilitated because it is not hindered by the first and second elastic elements, as is the case with the aforementioned anchor.
• the blocking device according to the invention extends in a single plane and can be made in one piece, for example in silicon using the DRIE ("Deep Reaction Ion Etching") method or in Ni or NiP using the UV-LiGA process ("Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung”). These two methods make it possible to manufacture the locking device according to the invention while respecting the strict tolerances required.
• DRIE Deep Reaction Ion Etching
• Ni or NiP using the UV-LiGA process
• the locking device according to the invention in two or three pieces, that is to say providing that one or / and the other of the pallets is / are mounted (s) on the blocker. Ruby palettes can then be used to allow fine adjustment of the penetrations.
• the locking device for a gearwheel according to the invention is applicable to numerous mechanisms, in particular to the direct-impulse exhaust mechanisms, such as the exhausts of the. Robin type or relaxation of a timepiece, especially in a wristwatch.
• Direct impulse escapement means that the impulse of the sprocket is directly imparted to the balance.
• FIG. 7 is shown a conventional expansion escapement, in which the inertial plate 52 of FIG. 6 has been replaced by a pin 41 which interacts with an expansion blade 42. This blade 42 flexes when the pin 41 enters into position. contact with it and drives the blocker 9 in the direction G via a pin 43, while it fades in the direction H.
• FIG. 8 shows an exhaust of the Robin type in which the pin 41 integral with the rocker interacts with a fork 44 extending the end of the arm 10 of the blocker 9, in order to release the latter and release the toothed wheel 40.
• the latter is released at each alternation but transmits an impulse only at alternation out of two: it is therefore a blowout escape.
• the locking device according to the invention also applies to escapements with an indirect impulse, such as the Swiss lever escapement.
• the pulse is transmitted indirectly from the toothed wheel to the pendulum.
• FIG 9 a conventional Swiss lever escapement, wherein the pulse is transmitted from the gear wheel 40 to the balance via an anchor 45 and a fork 46.
• the frame 7 advantageously makes it possible to directly integrate the stops of 47,48 limitation of the movement of the anchor 45, which are also called stars.
• the frame 7 is in fact provided with an opening 51 allowing the rotation of the pin 41 carried by the plate integral with the balance and the displacement of the fork 46.
• the increased precision of the pivoting provided by the invention has the advantage of making it possible to eliminate a security.
• a Swiss lever escapement such as that shown in FIG. 9 (just as in the case of an exhaust of the Robin type)
• the angular rigidity of the blocker 9 can be modified and adjusted until a bistable operating mode is achieved.
• the potential energy of the system then presents two clearly defined potential wells around a maximum and allowing a very precise pivoting of the blocker from one position to another.
• variable preload system locking device 3 visible in Figure 3
• the eccentric screw 29 is rotated to obtaining a bistable system.
• Expansion escapement for a clockwork movement comprising a balance 3 'integral with a pulse element 2', an escape wheel 1 'whose toothing intersects the trajectory of the pulse element 2', a rocker detent 4 'having a stop member 4a' and an elastic release member 4c ', means for engaging the stop member in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel 1c, and a finger of clearance 7 'integral in rotation with the balance 3' to engage with the elastic disengagement element 4c 'of the rocker 4' once per oscillation period of the balance to release the stop element 4a 'of the toothing the escape wheel,
• this escapement having the particularity that said means for engaging the stop element 4a 'in the trajectory of the toothing of the escape wheel 1'a comprise a sliding surface 4b' integral with the trigger rocker 4 ', arranged to enter the path of the toothing of the escape wheel 1'a when the stop element 4a 'out, this sliding surface being shaped so that the force exerted on it by a tooth of the escape wheel causes the return of the stop element 4a 'of the trigger rocker 4' in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel 1 '.
• the main advantage of such an exhaust is to increase the safety against shocks.
• Another advantage lies in the fact that the stop element of the trigger rocker is not brought back into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel by a spring reinforced by the balance, but by the sliding surface against which acts a tooth of the escape wheel to move the rocker to the locking position of the escape wheel. The energy consumed is lower and is not supplied by the balance wheel, but by the escape wheel, minimizing the disturbance of the oscillation period of the balance-balance oscillator.
• this trigger rocker with a stop element and a sliding surface which penetrate alternately in the path of the toothing of the escape wheel is an additional security.
• the stop element of the trigger rocker comprises a safety surface located outside the path of the teeth of the escape wheel and adjacent to this path in the unlocking position of the trigger rocker.
• the length of this safety surface corresponds to the angle traveled by the escape wheel to communicate the driving pulse to the balance, to prevent the premature return of the stop element in the trajectory of the teeth of the wheel. exhaust. It is therefore still a second additional security.
• the escapement illustrated in FIG. 11 comprises an escape wheel 1 'whose circular trajectory of the teeth intersects the trajectory of a pulse pallet 2' integral with the balance 3 'associated with a spiral (not represented). .
• a trigger rocker 4 ' can move freely between two stops 5', 6 '. It comprises on the one hand a stop element whose abutment face 4a 'is used to stop a tooth of the escape wheel 1' and on the other hand a sliding surface 4b 'to allow a tooth of the wheel exhaust sliding on this surface 4b 'and tilt the rocker in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise to bring the stop face in the path of the teeth of the escape wheel the.
• This trigger rocker 4 'further comprises an elastic release member 4c' bearing against a stop 4d and whose free end enters the path of a release finger 7 'integral with the rocker 3'.
• the stop element of the trigger rocker 4 ' still has a safety surface 4' which is situated outside the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1 'and adjacent to this trajectory when the trigger rocker 4 'bears against the stop 5' ( Figures 13 to 16). This surface extends over an angle of the escape wheel corresponding to the angle at which a tooth of the escape wheel communicates its pulse to the pulse pallet 2 'of the balance 3'.
• the balance 3 ' rotates in the opposite direction to that of the hands of a watch.
• the stop face 4a 'of the stop element of the rocker 4' holds the escape wheel which maintains the rocker 4 'against the stop 6'.
• the phase illustrated in FIG. 12 corresponds to the moment when the release finger 7 'integral with the rocker 3' meets the elastic disengagement element 4c 'bearing against the stop 4d'. Due to the abutment 4d 'and the direction of rotation opposite that of the clockwise balance 3', the elastic release element 4c 'behaves as a rigid element.
• the trigger rocker 4 'then passes under the action of the release finger 7' of the abutment against the stop 6 'in abutment against the stop 5' (FIG. 13), thus releasing the escape wheel a tooth was stopped by the abutment face 4a 'of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4'.
• the escape wheel being subjected to the torque of the mainspring (not shown) transmitted by the finishing train (not shown), is then driven in the direction of clockwise.
• One of his teeth then encounters the pulse pallet 2 'of the balance 3' (FIG. 14). This is the beginning of the impulse phase during which the energy of the mainspring is transmitted to the pendulum 3 'to transmit the energy necessary to maintain its oscillating movement.
• This impulse phase ends when the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the impulse pallet, that is to say, substantially in the position illustrated in FIG. 15.
• the safety surface 4 '' of the stop element of the trigger rocker 4 ' prevents the stop element from entering the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1', following a shock for example.
• the escape wheel After the impulse phase, the escape wheel continues its rotation and one of its teeth meets the sliding surface 4b '( Figure 16). By sliding against this surface 4b ', the tooth of the escape wheel rotates the rocker 4' in the opposite direction of that of the clockwise and brings it against the stop 6 '( Figure 17). This tilting also brings the stop element of the rocker 4 'into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel 1', so that a tooth of the escape wheel abuts against the abutment face 4a ' of the stop member and exerts on the rocker 4 'a pair which holds it against the stop 6' (FIG. 18).
• the expansion escapement shown in FIGS. 11 to 21 may be improved by adding a frame, resilient blades, etc., in order to reach the exhaust shown in FIG. 3.
• a flexible pivot is made and it is possible to eliminate virtually all games related to the movement of the blocker, with an increase in the accuracy of the relative positioning of the constituent parts of the locking device.
• the improved exhaust has its own behavior whose primary purpose is to increase the safety of operation.

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• 2011
  • 2011-03-31 EP EP11714913.8A patent/EP2553533B2/de active Active
  • 2011-03-31 CH CH00593/11A patent/CH702928B1/fr unknown
  • 2011-03-31 EP EP14178348.0A patent/EP2818941A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-03-31 US US13/637,697 patent/US8882339B2/en active Active
  • 2011-03-31 WO PCT/CH2011/000067 patent/WO2011120180A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-03-31 CN CN201180017775.4A patent/CN102971678B/zh active Active
  • 2011-03-31 JP JP2013501579A patent/JP5914456B2/ja active Active

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