EP3492996B1 - Uhrhemmung mit bistabiler lamelle - Google Patents

Uhrhemmung mit bistabiler lamelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3492996B1
EP3492996B1 EP17205173.2A EP17205173A EP3492996B1 EP 3492996 B1 EP3492996 B1 EP 3492996B1 EP 17205173 A EP17205173 A EP 17205173A EP 3492996 B1 EP3492996 B1 EP 3492996B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
escapement
impulse
oscillator
timepiece
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EP17205173.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3492996A1 (de
Inventor
Stéphane OES
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a horological escapement, that is to say a mechanism serving to maintain and count the oscillations of a horological oscillator.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a constant force escapement comprising a bistable elastic member periodically receiving energy from a driving member, for example a barrel, and communicating it to the oscillator.
  • a driving member for example a barrel
  • WO 99/64936 WO 2009/118310
  • CH 705674 WO 2014/037319
  • WO 2016/113704 WO 2017/032528 .
  • These escapements periodically deliver the same amount of energy to the oscillator and therefore make its oscillations independent of the winding state of the motor member.
  • such escapements comprise a bistable elastic blade to which are coupled a winding lever and a so-called impulse or relaxation lever.
  • the winding latch is periodically driven during winding phases by one or more escape wheels to arm the bistable elastic blade from one of its stable states to a metastable state close to an unstable state corresponding to maximum armor.
  • the oscillator strikes the impulse latch - this action is called the "release" - in order to supply the bistable elastic blade with the missing energy to deform it beyond its unstable state, this which triggers the tilting of the bistable elastic blade to its other stable state.
  • This tilting drives the pulse rocker, which communicates a pulse of mechanical energy to the oscillator.
  • the bistable elastic blade is reactive, that is to say that its tilting is triggered as soon as the oscillator hits the pulse rocker.
  • This requires arming the elastic blade bistable precisely to the metastable state so that it is as close as possible to the unstable state at the end of the winding, which in practice is very difficult to obtain given the sensitivity of the blade .
  • the present invention aims to remedy this drawback.
  • a clockwork escapement comprising a drive member, a bistable elastic member, a winding member arranged to be driven by the control member.
  • 'drive in order to arm the bistable elastic member during winding phases, a blocking member to block the drive member at the end of each winding phase and a pulse member arranged to be driven by a relaxation of the bistable elastic member triggered by an oscillator after each winding phase in order to communicate a pulse to the oscillator, characterized in that it is arranged so that, at the end of each winding phase, the 'bistable elastic member is deformed beyond an unstable state of maximum winding.
  • the present invention also provides a timepiece, in particular a wristwatch, comprising a timepiece escapement as defined above.
  • the present invention finally proposes a method of operating a timepiece escapement according to claim 16 and a method of producing a timepiece escapement according to claim 17.
  • the bistable elastic blade may occupy an intermediate metastable state before its unstable state of maximum winding during the rotation of the impulse latch during disengagement.
  • This intermediate metastable state appears when the arming at the end of the arming phases is not sufficient in the sense that the metastable state close to the unstable state of maximum arming is not reached.
  • This intermediate metastable state constitutes a hard point which must be overcome during the release and which delays the release of energy, leading to a loss of reactivity of the bistable elastic blade and therefore an imprecision of the moment of the pulse.
  • the bistable elastic member by deforming the bistable elastic member beyond its unstable state of maximum winding during the winding phase, the bistable elastic member begins to tilt before the end of the winding phase, that is, that is to say before being immobilized by the blocking member, so that as soon as it is released it releases its energy which is thus immediately delivered to the impulse member.
  • an escapement 1 for a mechanical watch movement in particular for a wristwatch, comprises an escapement mobile 2, a winding lever 3, a locking and impulse lever 4 , also known as the trigger or anchor, and an elastic blade 5 connecting the levers 3, 4.
  • the exhaust mobile 2 comprises an escapement wheel 2 ′ and an exhaust gear 2 "coaxial and integral.
  • the exhaust mobile 2 is driven in a conventional manner clockwise around a first imaginary axis A1 by the motor member of the watch movement via a finishing gear train (not shown), the last wheel of which meshes with the escape pinion 2 ".
  • the motor of the watch movement typically consists of one or more barrels.
  • the winding latch 3 is rotatable about a second imaginary axis A2 and comprises a first winding tooth 3a and a second winding tooth 3b.
  • the locking and impulse rocker 4 is rotatable about an imaginary third axis A3 and comprises a first locking nose 4a, a second locking nose 4b and a fork 4c.
  • the fork 4c comprises first and second horns 4d, 4th and can be provided with a stinger like a conventional anchor.
  • winding latch 3 and the blocking and impulse latch 4 are mounted around physical axes 7, 8 which define the second and third imaginary axes A2, A3.
  • these physical axes 7, 8 could be replaced by flexible pivots, for example flexible pivots with separate crossed blades.
  • the locking and impulse rocker 4 cooperates by its fork 4c with a pin or ellipse 9a integral in rotation with an oscillator 10 (shown schematically) serving as a time base for the movement and oscillating around an imaginary fourth axis A4, the pin 9a being eccentric with respect to this axis A4.
  • the peg 9a is formed by the end of a finger 9 which is coaxial and integral in rotation with the oscillator 10.
  • the peg 9a could nevertheless be in the conventional form of a cylinder carried by one. of the two faces of a plate coaxial and integral with the oscillator 10.
  • the oscillator 10 can be in the form of a sprung balance or of a flexible pivot oscillator without a physical axis of rotation, for example.
  • First and second stops 11a, 11b limit the angular displacement of the locking and impulse latch 4 in both directions of rotation.
  • the four imaginary axes A1 to A4 are typically distinct from each other, but the invention does not exclude that some of them are confused.
  • the two ends 5a, 5b of the elastic blade 5 are angularly secured to the winding latch 3 and to the locking and impulse latch 4, respectively. They are for example welded to the rockers 3, 4.
  • the bistable elastic blade 5 could also be in one piece (in a single piece of manufacture) with the rockers 3, 4.
  • the distance between these two ends 5a, 5b is shorter than the length. of the elastic blade 5 at rest, so that the elastic blade 5 in the exhaust 1 is preloaded in buckling.
  • the elastic blade 5 can thus occupy first and second stable states, corresponding to low energy levels, where it has a convex shape (first order deformation), the convexity being reversed from one stable state to another. .
  • the figures 1 to 10 show the different phases of the exhaust operating cycle.
  • a first phase ( figures 1 and 2 ) the exhaust mobile 2 is driven in clockwise rotation by the movement motor member and the elastic blade 5 maintains the locking and impulse lever 4 in abutment against the first stop 11a.
  • This pivoting of the winding lever 3 arms the elastic blade 5 from its first stable state until another tooth 2b of the escape wheel 2 'comes into abutment against the first locking nose 4a of the lever. blocking and impulse 4, as shown in figure 3 .
  • the sizing of components 2 ', 3, 4 and 5 is chosen so that, in the blocking configuration shown in figure 3 , the elastic blade 5 is deformed beyond an unstable state of maximum winding, that is to say has already started to switch to its second stable state.
  • the elastic blade 5 has a wavy shape (second order deformation), corresponding to a high energy level, slightly lower than the energy level of the unstable state of maximum winding.
  • the elastic blade 5 begins to relax, which moves the blocking and impulse lever 4 away from the first stop 11a, but the teeth of the escape wheel 2 'are long enough for the tooth 2b can catch the locking beak 4a and press the locking and impulse lever 4 against the first stop 11a.
  • the oscillator 10 performs its additional arc, that is to say pivots without interaction with the escapement 1. After having reached its maximum elongation in the counterclockwise direction, its direction of rotation is reversed and the pin 9a enters the range 4c ( figure 3 ).
  • the escape wheel 2 loses contact with the winding lever 3, more precisely with the first winding tooth 3a, and travels a defined drop to ensure that the sequence runs smoothly, in particular to ensure that the start of the reset is carried out after the pulse.
  • the elastic blade 5 is in its second stable state, the locking and impulse latch 4 bears against the second stop 11b, the winding latch 3 is positioned by the elastic blade 5 to allow cooperation between the second winding tooth 3b and escape wheel 2 'and pin 9a comes out of fork 4c.
  • the sizing of components 2 ', 3, 4 and 5 is chosen so that, in the blocking configuration shown in figure 8 , the elastic blade 5 is deformed beyond an unstable state of maximum winding, that is to say has already started to switch to its first stable state.
  • the elastic blade 5 has a wavy shape (second order deformation), corresponding to a high energy level, slightly lower than the energy level of the unstable state of maximum winding.
  • the elastic blade 5 begins to relax, which moves the locking and impulse lever 4 away from the second stop 11b, but the teeth of the escape wheel 2 'are long enough for the tooth 2d can catch the locking nose 4b and press the locking and impulse rocker 4 against the second stop 11b.
  • oscillator 10 performs its additional arc. After reaching its maximum elongation in the clockwise direction, its direction of rotation is reversed and the peg 9a enters the range 4c ( figure 8 ).
  • the escape wheel 2 loses contact with the winding lever 3, more precisely with the second winding tooth 3b, and travels a defined drop to ensure that the sequence runs smoothly, in particular to ensure that the start of the reset is carried out after the pulse.
  • the elastic blade 5 is in its first stable state, the locking and impulse latch 4 bears against the first stop 11a, the winding latch 3 is positioned by the elastic blade 5 to allow cooperation between the first winding tooth 3a and the escape wheel 2 'and the pin 9a comes out of the fork 4c.
  • This escapement 1 is of the constant force type in the sense that the same quantity of energy is periodically communicated to the oscillator 10 whatever the winding state of the motor member of the movement, thus promoting isochronism. .
  • the escapement 1 according to the invention thus has the advantage of static operation and of a robust construction.
  • the pulse communicated by the blocking and pulse latch 4 to the oscillator 10 is as described in international patent application no. PCT / IB2017 / 053706 of the applicant, which is incorporated in the present application by reference, that is to say in a single shock, without accompanying the ankle 9a by the locking and impulse latch 4.
  • Such an impulse makes it possible to increase the performance of the escapement and improve the chronometry of the movement.
  • the distance E of the horns 4d, 4th is greater than 1.2 times, preferably 1.3 times, preferably 1.4 times, preferably 1.5 times, preferably 1.6 times, preferably 1.7 times, of preferably 1.8 times, preferably 1.9 times, more preferably 2 times, the diameter D of the peg 9a.
  • the diameter D of the pin 9a is its diameter strictly speaking, when the pin 9a is of semi-circular shape as shown, or more generally its largest dimension perpendicular to the plane which contains the axis of rotation A4 of the oscillator 10 and which constitutes a plane of symmetry for the ankle 9a.
  • the large spacing E facilitates the management of the moment of triggering of the pulse with respect to the position of the pulse. oscillator 10. It is for example possible to carry out the release and the impulse symmetrically with respect to the line of the centers (that is to say with respect to the plane containing the axes A3 and A4), or to perform the clearance on the center line and the momentum after the center line, the choice being made according to the chronometric gains.
  • the blocking and impulse lever 4 is well positioned to receive the pin 9a and is also secured against external shocks during blocking.
  • the elastic blade 5 can therefore be dimensioned specifically to transmit a desired amount of energy to the oscillator 10, it does not need to be dimensioned to ensure the safety of the locking and impulse latch 4.
  • the stops 11a, 11b are replaced by a particular shape of the locking jaws 4a, 4b, like the vanes of certain escape anchors of the prior art (cf. for example WO 2011/121432 ), this particular shape limiting, in cooperation with the teeth of the escape wheel 2 ', the angular displacement of the locking and impulse lever 4.
  • the winding lever 3 is secured against shocks by its geometry which allows it to immediately abut against the escape wheel 2 'in the event of an impact received during the locking of the escape wheel 2' (cf. figures 3 and 8 ) whatever the direction in which the shock tends to cause the winding lever 3 to turn, the winding lever 3 thus maintaining its angular position.
  • an extension 3c of the winding lever 3 immediately abuts against the top of a tooth of the escape wheel 2 'in the event of an impact tending to make the winding lever 3 turn clockwise, and the top of the first winding tooth 3a immediately abuts against the top of another tooth of the escape wheel 2 'in the event of an impact tending to turn the winding lever 3 counterclockwise.
  • the top of the second winding tooth 3b immediately abuts against the top of a tooth of the escape wheel 2 'at in the event of an impact tending to rotate the winding lever 3 clockwise, and the top of the first winding tooth 3a immediately abuts against the rim of the escape wheel 2 'in the event of an impact tending to rotate the winding rocker 3 counterclockwise.
  • the shape of the winding lever 3 is also chosen to balance the latter, that is to say so that its center of mass is on the axis of rotation A2.
  • the limited number of parts constituting the escapement 1 and the low inertia of these parts - each of the components 2 ', 3, 4, such as the oscillator 10 and its finger 9, can be made at least mainly in a light material such as silicon or glass - allow high frequency operation of several tens of Hertz.
  • the elastic strip 5 can be thermally compensated so that its modulus of elasticity does not vary, or varies little, as a function of the temperature. To do this, it can for example be coated with a layer of a material having a first thermal coefficient of the modulus of elasticity of opposite sign to that of the base material of the elastic strip 5. If the elastic strip 5 is in silicon, the layer may be made of silicon oxide, formed for example by thermal oxidation.
  • the escapement 1 as described above, in which the winding lever 3 and the locking and impulse lever 4 each cooperate directly with the escapement mobile 2, more precisely with the escape wheel 2 ' , and in which the elastic strip 5 is joined at its two ends to said rockers 3, 4, is also advantageous in that it has a small footprint.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a bistable elastic blade whose two ends or one of the two ends are / is fixed. In this case, for example, the elastic blade 5 would be longer and would be coupled to the winding latch 3 and to the locking and impulse latch 4, being guided between two pins carried by each of these latch.
  • the invention could for example be applied to the arrangements as described in international patent applications no. PCT / IB2017 / 053666 and PCT / IB2017 / 053706 of the applicant and in the patent applications cited in the introductory part of the present application, on condition that the dimensioning thereof is modified so that the winding phase continues beyond the unstable state of maximum winding.
  • the locking member constituted by the locking jaws 4a, 4b and the member of impulse that constitutes the fork 4c could be separated, for example in the form of two rockers movable relative to each other but coupled to one another.
  • winding latch 3 and the locking and impulse latch 4 could be connected by several bistable elastic blades rather than by only one as shown.
  • the exhaust 1 could include several exhaust moving parts as described in the patent application WO 99/64936 .
  • Another modification could consist in swapping the fork 4c and the peg 9a so that the fork 4c is part of the oscillator 10 and the peg 9a is part of the blocking and impulse latch 4.
  • winding lever 3 and the locking and impulse lever 4, or one of them, could be replaced by members movable in translation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Uhrhemmung (1), die ein Antriebsorgan (2), ein bistabiles elastisches Organ (5), ein Spannungsorgan (3), das gestaltet ist, um durch das Antriebsorgan (2) angetrieben zu werden, um das bistabile elastische Organ (5) während Spannungsphasen zu spannen, ein Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) zum Sperren des Antriebsorgans (2) am Ende von jeder Spannungsphase und ein Impulsorgan (4c) umfasst, das gestaltet ist, um durch ein Gesperr des bistabilen elastischen Organs (5) angetrieben zu werden, das durch einen Oszillator (10) nach jeder Spannungsphase ausgelöst wird, um einen Impuls auf den Oszillator (10) zu übertragen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie derart gestaltet ist, dass am Ende von jeder Spannungsphase das bistabile elastische Organ (5) über einen maximalen instabilen Spannungszustand hinaus verformt ist.
  2. Uhrhemmung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bistabile elastische Organ (5) mindestens ein bistabiles elastisches Blatt umfasst.
  3. Uhrhemmung (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Enden (5a, 5b) des bistabilen elastischen Blattes (5) oder von mindestens einem von den bistabilen elastischen Blättern (5) fest mit dem Spannungsorgan (3) beziehungsweise dem Impulsorgan (4c) verbunden sind.
  4. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sperrorgan (4a, 4c) und das Impulsorgan (4c) fest miteinander verbunden sind.
  5. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) und das Impulsorgan (4c) ein einziges Teil aus einem Stück bilden.
  6. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) gestaltet ist, um direkt mit dem Antriebsorgan (2) zusammenzuwirken.
  7. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannungsorgan (3) gestaltet ist, um direkt mit dem Antriebsorgan (2) zusammenzuwirken.
  8. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Antriebsorgan (2) mindestens ein Hemmungsdrehteil (2) umfasst.
  9. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Antriebsorgan (2) ein Hemmungsdrehteil (2) ist.
  10. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannungsorgan (3) die Form einer Wippe aufweist.
  11. Uhrhemmung (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannungsorgan (3) Teile (3a, 3b, 3c) umfasst, die es ihm ermöglichen, im Fall eines während der Sperrung des Antriebsorgans (2) empfangenen Stoßes unabhängig von der Richtung, in die der Stoß das Spannungsorgan (3) zum Drehen zu bringen neigt, direkt gegen das Antriebsorgan (2) anzuschlagen.
  12. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) und das Impulsorgan (4c) Teil einer selben Wippe (4) sind.
  13. Uhrhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (11a, 11b) zur Begrenzung der Winkelverlagerung des Impulsorgans (4c) umfasst.
  14. Uhrvorrichtung (1, 10), die eine Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 und einen Oszillator (10) wie in Anspruch 1 erwähnt umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Impulsorgan (4c) oder der Oszillator (10) eine Gabel (4c) umfasst, die gestaltet ist, um mit einem Stift (9a) des Oszillators (10) beziehungsweise des Impulsorgans (4c) zusammenzuwirken, wobei die Gabel ein erstes und ein zweites Horn (4d, 4e) umfasst, und dadurch, dass der Abstand (E) des ersten und des zweiten Horns (4d, 4e) größer als das 1,2-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,3-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,4-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,5-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,6-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,7-Fache, vorzugsweise das 1,8-Fache vorzugsweise das 1,9-Fache, vorzugsweise das 2-Fache des Durchmessers (D) des Stifts (9a) ist, wobei der Abstand (E) zwischen den entsprechenden Punkten des ersten und des zweiten Horns (4d, 4e) gemessen wird, die bei den Impulsen auf den Stift (9a) schlagen oder davon geschlagen werden.
  15. Uhr, insbesondere Armbanduhr, die eine Hemmung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 oder eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14 umfasst.
  16. Verfahren für das Arbeiten einer Uhrhemmung (1), die ein Antriebsorgan (2), ein bistabiles elastisches Organ (5), ein Spannungsorgan (3), ein Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) und ein Impulsorgan (4c) umfasst, wobei das Verfahren Spannungsphasen umfasst, während denen das Spannungsorgan (3) durch das Antriebsorgan (2) angetrieben wird, um das bistabile elastische Organ (5) zu spannen, wobei das Antriebsorgan (2) durch das Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) am Ende jeder Spannungsphase gesperrt wird, das Impulsorgan (4c) durch ein Gesperr des bistabilen elastischen Organs (5) angetrieben wird, das durch einen Oszillator (10) nach jeder Spannungsphase ausgelöst wird, um einen Impuls auf den Oszillator (10) zu übertragen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Ende jeder Spannungsphase das bistabile elastische Organ (5) über einen maximalen instabilen Spannungszustand hinaus verformt wird.
  17. Verfahren zum Ausführen einer Uhrhemmung (1), die ein Antriebsorgan (2), ein bistabiles elastisches Organ (5), ein Spannungsorgan (3), das gestaltet ist, um durch das Antriebsorgan (2) angetrieben zu werden, um das bistabile elastische Organ (5) während Spannungsphasen zu spannen, ein Sperrorgan (4a, 4b) zum Sperren des Antriebsorgans (2) am Ende von jeder Spannungsphase, und ein Impulsorgan (4c) umfasst, das gestaltet ist, um durch ein Gesperr des bistabilen elastischen Organs (5) angetrieben zu werden, das durch einen Oszillator (10) nach jeder Spannungsphase ausgelöst wird, um einen Impuls auf den Oszillator (10) zu übertragen, wobei das Verfahren einen Schritt des Entwurfs der Hemmung (1), gefolgt von einem Schritt der Herstellung der Hemmung (1) umfasst, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass während des Schritts des Entwurfs die Bauteile der Hemmung (1) derart bemessen werden, dass am Ende von jeder Spannungsphase das bistabile elastische Organ (5) über einen maximalen instabilen Spannungszustand hinaus verformt ist.
EP17205173.2A 2017-12-04 2017-12-04 Uhrhemmung mit bistabiler lamelle Active EP3492996B1 (de)

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1084459A1 (de) 1998-06-08 2001-03-21 Manufacture des Montres Rolex S.A. Verfahren zur übertragung von mechanischen energieimpulsen von einer antriebsquelle zu einem schwingungsregler
EP2105806B1 (de) * 2008-03-27 2013-11-13 Sowind S.A. Hemmungsmechanismus
CH702930A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-14 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Echappement d'horlogerie à protection contre les chocs.
CH705674B1 (fr) 2011-10-27 2016-11-30 Sowind S A Mécanisme d'échappement.
EP2706416B1 (de) 2012-09-07 2015-11-18 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Flexibler Anker mit konstanter Kraft
WO2016113704A2 (de) 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Creaditive Ag Uhr, regelorgan und verfahren zum betreiben eines regelorgans mit hoher regelgüte
EP3338144B1 (de) * 2015-08-21 2019-09-25 Patek Philippe SA Genève Bistabile mechanische vorrichtung für uhrwerke

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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