EP3907566A1 - Chronometerhemmung für uhren - Google Patents

Chronometerhemmung für uhren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3907566A1
EP3907566A1 EP20173027.2A EP20173027A EP3907566A1 EP 3907566 A1 EP3907566 A1 EP 3907566A1 EP 20173027 A EP20173027 A EP 20173027A EP 3907566 A1 EP3907566 A1 EP 3907566A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balance
trigger
escape wheel
impulse
rest
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20173027.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
M. Alain ZAUGG
M. Jérôme MACÉ
M. Benoît LÉGERET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
Original Assignee
Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Priority to EP20173027.2A priority Critical patent/EP3907566A1/de
Priority to US17/202,662 priority patent/US11906929B2/en
Priority to JP2021066271A priority patent/JP7112558B2/ja
Priority to CN202110488851.5A priority patent/CN113608424B/zh
Publication of EP3907566A1 publication Critical patent/EP3907566A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a detent escapement for a timepiece, in particular for a wristwatch.
  • An escapement is a mechanism which is placed between the escapement wheel and the regulating organ of most time instruments. Produced by a barrel spring, the driving force is transmitted to the escape wheel which itself communicates this driving force to the escapement, the function of which is to maintain the oscillations of a regulator called a balance.
  • the trigger escapement made its appearance during the 18th century, when maritime countries launched competitions for the construction of the most precise time instrument possible, allowing the most reliable determination of the geographical position at sea. It is for this reason that even today, trigger escapements are mainly found in marine chronometers.
  • detent escapements give the balance only one impulse at each oscillation, so that these oscillations always include an alternation without impulse, also called “lost blow”.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a detent escapement is illustrated on figure 1 appended to the present patent application.
  • this detent escapement comprises an escape wheel 2 whose teeth 4 rest on a stone 6.
  • This stone 6 is carried by a body 8 of a trigger 10 which equips a timepiece (not shown)
  • the body 8 of the trigger 10 is terminated at a first end by a spout 12, and is connected at a second end to a frame 14 of the timepiece by a leaf spring 16.
  • the body 8 of the trigger 10 itself carries a trigger spring 18 resting against the spout 12. This spout 12 against which the trigger spring 18 rests is located in the field of action of a paddle. release 20 carried by a plate 22 of a balance 24.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of a detent escapement is illustrated on figure 2 appended to the present patent application. This type of exhaust is described in the work entitled “Escapements and stepper motors” by MM. Charles Huguenin, Samuel Guye and Maurice Gauchat whose second enlarged edition was published by FET editions in 1974, page 169, Fig. 17-4 .
  • the detent escapement 28 illustrated on figure 2 differs from the detent escapement 1 described above in connection with the figure 1 by the absence of the leaf spring 16, replaced by a return spring 54 such as a spiral spring connected to the frame 42 of the timepiece by its last outer turn 56, and connected by its first inner turn 58 to the body 36 of the trigger 38 at a point 60 where this body 36 is pivoted. Since the body 36 of the trigger 38 is pivoted, it is referred to as a "pivoted" trigger exhaust.
  • the Breguet escapement is also a “pivoted” detent escapement because this trigger 62 is indeed pivoted about a pivot axis 64, but this pivoted detent escapement differs mainly from other embodiments of detent escapements. by the absence, on the trigger, of a trigger spring, replaced by a hook 66 pivoted on a plate 68 of a balance 70 and returned by a spring 72.
  • the position in which the escape wheel is locked on the stopper of the trigger must be ensured whatever the conditions: watch worn, shocks, etc. Likewise, it is necessary to free the escape wheel so that it can give the balance wheel a boost. motor. It is also necessary to allow the passage of the balance without influence on the trigger during the alternation without impulse, then to ensure the return of the trigger and its stone in the path of the escape wheel at the end of the impulse. to stop the rotation of this escape wheel.
  • the return and locking are provided by a spring carried by the body of the trigger.
  • This return of the trigger can also be provided by a spiral spring combined with a pivoted trigger as described in particular in the book “Escapement and stepper motors” mentioned above. Since these springs are not pre-loaded, the force which they oppose to the unlocking of the escape wheel in its rest position on the trigger in the event of shocks applied to the clockwork movement is very low.
  • the manufacture of the trigger spring 18 of the body 8 of the trigger 10 is a very delicate operation. In fact, this very small and very fragile trigger spring 18 is difficult to manufacture.
  • this detent body spring always provides the same elastic force, regardless of the degree of winding of the barrel spring which provides the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the clockwork movement in which the detent escapement is. installed. Consequently, when the barrel spring is lightly armed, the constant elastic force opposed by this expansion spring is detrimental to the proper functioning of the escapement. In particular, the escape wheel, receiving little energy from the barrel spring, experiences more difficulty in overcoming the constant elastic force of the spring. trigger when it has to be released from its socket with the trigger, which affects the isochronism qualities of the escapement.
  • the manufacture and assembly of the return spring 54 on the body 36 of the trigger 38 are also very delicate and expensive operations.
  • this solution comprises a large number of components to be manufactured.
  • the return spring 54 of the trigger body 36 38 always provides the same elastic force, regardless of the degree of winding of the barrel spring which provides the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the movement of. watchmaking in which the detent escapement is installed. Consequently, when the barrel spring is lightly armed, the constant elastic force opposed by this expansion spring is detrimental to the proper functioning of the escapement.
  • expansion springs In both cases, the manufacture of these expansion springs is a very delicate operation. In addition, these very small and very thin detent springs are fragile and susceptible to wear. Finally, these expansion springs always provide the same elastic force, regardless of the degree of winding of the barrel spring which provides the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the clockwork movement in which the detent escapement is installed. Consequently, when the barrel spring is lightly armed, the constant elastic force opposed by these expansion springs is detrimental to the proper functioning of the escapement.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems as well as others still by proposing a detent escapement ensuring the functions of locking the rest position on the trigger of the escape wheel, of releasing the trigger. escape wheel and passage of the balance to its initial position using a simpler mechanism than those used in detent escapements of the prior art and whose operation is therefore more reliable.
  • the present invention relates to a detent escapement provided to regulate the operation of a timepiece movement, this detent escapement comprising an escape wheel provided with a plurality of teeth regularly spaced along a perimeter and a balance.
  • the balance being equipped with an impulse pallet thanks to which this balance receives driving impulses via the teeth of the escape wheel, the balance being driven by an oscillating movement during which it performs, for each oscillation, an alternation during which it receives a driving impulse and an alternation without a driving impulse
  • the detent escapement also comprising a hook mounted to pivot on the balance and held in support by an elastic member against a stop
  • the escapement at trigger being completed by a trigger which is able to pivot and which comprises a first arm which collaborates with the escape wheel to ensure the locking of the latter just before the start of the driving impulse, as well as a second arm which collaborates with the hook of the balance to allow the escape wheel to disengage from its grip with the first arm at the start of the driving impulse, and which limits the pivoting of this trigger to
  • the present invention provides a detent escapement whose functions of locking the rest position on the trigger of the escape wheel, of releasing the escape wheel at the moment of the driving impulse and of empty passage of the balance when lost are no longer ensured by a mechanism making intervene a trigger body carrying an elastic blade and returned by a trigger spring, or a pivoted trigger body comprising a return spring, but by a simple hook and a spring carried by the balance and cooperating with a release pallet and a reminder paddle carried by the trigger.
  • the triggering of the impulse is ensured by a hook which, by acting on a release pallet carried by the trigger, allows the escape wheel to be released from its stop on the rest pallet. also carried by the relaxation. Likewise, the hook is retracted by pivoting when the balance returns to its initial position.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to dispense with any spring playing an active role in the release of the escape wheel.
  • the return of the hook during the lost shot is provided by a simple and easier to achieve spring. This arrangement makes it possible to provide a trigger escapement mechanism whose operation is much more reliable and precise.
  • the mechanical forces brought into play in the detent escapement mechanism according to the invention are always proportional. Indeed, if the barrel spring is heavily armed, it provides the escape wheel with high mechanical power thanks to which its locking torque on the rebound provided by the pulling device is high and, in turn, the wheel. exhaust provides a high driving impulse to the governor device. Conversely, if the barrel spring is weakly armed, the escape wheel receives mechanical power. low, so that its locking torque on the trigger provided by the pulling device is low, this mechanical power then being directly transmitted to the balance which will be weakly stressed.
  • the locking torque of the escape wheel on the trigger is thus always proportional to the torque supplied by the barrel spring, the oscillation frequency of the balance will therefore constantly adapt according to the degree of arming of the barrel spring. , which makes it possible to guarantee that the isochronism of the detent escapement according to the invention is maintained regardless of the winding conditions of the barrel spring.
  • the trigger is arranged so that, by cooperation with the escape wheel, its return to the position in which it again blocks the escape wheel after the latter has finished giving the impetus the balance wheel is assisted by said escape wheel.
  • the return of the trigger to its locking position of the escape wheel takes place by simple cooperation between this detent and this escape wheel, without the aid of any spring, which simplifies the manufacture of the detent escapement according to the invention and makes its operation much more reliable.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea which consists in providing a detent escapement in which the release of the escape wheel to give the balance wheel the driving impulse during the first alternation of an oscillation, and the return, without energy input, this balance to its initial position during the second alternation, also called “lost blow”, of the same oscillation, takes place without assistance from a spring carried by the trigger and without a return spring. Thanks to the invention, it is thus possible to do away with the springs conventionally used in detent escapements which we know are very difficult to machine, fragile and sensitive to wear. In addition, since the escape wheel is in direct engagement with the balance, there is a constant match between the mechanical energy supplied by the barrel spring and the energy supplied to the balance.
  • the escape wheel provides the balance with a high mechanical impulse, the oscillation amplitude of the balance is also high and the force consumed for the release of the escape wheel is high; conversely, if the barrel spring is weakly armed, the escape wheel provides the balance with a mechanical impulse of low intensity, so that the amplitude of oscillation of the balance weakens as the force consumed to release the wheel from exhaust. Consequently, for its operation, the detent escapement according to the invention does not oppose a high mechanical resistance when the barrel spring is weakly armed, so that its isochronic properties are not affected. Furthermore, according to another aspect of the invention, the return of the trigger to the position in which it ensures the locking of the wheel. exhaust after this has provided the driving impulse to the balance is assisted by the escape wheel itself, without the need for a spring. The manufacture of the spiral escapement according to the invention is therefore facilitated and the reliability of its operation significantly increased.
  • the detent escapement shown in figure 4 is intended to be mounted in a timepiece, in particular a wristwatch (not shown).
  • This detent escapement 74 comprises in particular an escape wheel 76 provided with a plurality of regularly spaced teeth 78.
  • This escape wheel 76 is conventionally driven by the gear train 80 of the timepiece which receives its driving force from one or more barrel springs (not shown in the drawing).
  • the detent escapement 74 is completed by a balance 82 mounted on an axis 84 and the oscillations of which are maintained by a spiral spring 88.
  • the spiral spring 88 On the side of its last turn inside 90, the spiral spring 88 is conventionally fixed on the 'axis 84 of balance 82 by means of a ferrule 92, while on the side of its last turn on the outside 94, the spiral spring 88 is fixed to a piton 96.
  • the balance 82 is equipped with an impulse vane 98 thanks to which the balance 82 receives driving impulses via the teeth 78 of the escape wheel 76.
  • This impulse vane 98 is preferably but not limited to under the in the form of a small piece of ruby, sapphire, garnet or other in the shape of a parallelepiped, embedded in the balance 82 and terminated at its free end by an inclined plane 100.
  • the elastic member 106 is carried by the balance 82.
  • This elastic member 106 of the spring type simple plays the role of the trigger spring in classic trigger exhausts. Its function is to allow the trigger body to disengage from its grip with the escape wheel at the start of the driving impulse. It is once again observed that the detent escapement according to the invention does not furthermore comprise a return spring.
  • the detent escapement 74 further comprises a detent 108.
  • This detent 108 is formed of a first and a second arm, respectively 110 and 112, these first and second arms 110 and 112 being rigidly connected to the to each other, for example by means of a rivet 114, and being able to pivot on an axis 116.
  • the first and second arms 110 and 112 are manufactured separately from one of the 'other, then assembled to each other for example by riveting. It goes without saying that these first and second arms 110 and 112 can just as easily be made in one piece, for example by molding.
  • the first arm 110 carries a rest pallet 118 at a first end, and a return pallet 120 at a second end.
  • These rest 118 and return 120 pallets are arranged on either side of the pivot axis 116 of the trigger 108; they are preferably in the form of two small pieces of ruby, sapphire, garnet or other in the shape of a parallelepiped and are embedded in each of the ends of the first arm 110.
  • These rest 118 and return paddles 120 are terminated by inclined planes 122 and 124 via which they cooperate with the teeth 78 of the escape wheel 76.
  • These rest 118 and return 120 vanes preferably extend but not necessarily parallel to one another.
  • the second arm 112 it carries at one of its ends a release pallet 126 of the same type as the other pallets described above and terminated at its free end by an inclined plane 128.
  • This second arm 112 also carries a shock absorber 130.
  • the figure 4 further shows that the balance 82 comprises a plate 132 in the periphery of which is made a clearance 134 in which the shock absorber 130 is made to penetrate under conditions which will be detailed below. It is also observed that the first and second arms 110 and 112 extend in two planes parallel and distant from each other, so that the rest and return pallets 118 and 120 on the one hand, and the pallet clearance 126 on the other hand are stepped.
  • the escape wheel 76 has turned in the direction of clockwise and is found in its rest position in which it is supported by one of its teeth 78 against the rest pallet 118 carried by the first arm 110 of the trigger 108.
  • the balance 82 it has turned counterclockwise, so that its pivoting hook 102 has come into contact with the release pallet 126 of the second arm 112.
  • the balance 82 always tends to rotate in the counterclockwise direction, so that its pivoting hook 102 pushes the release pallet 126 of the second arm 112, which causes the assembly of the trigger 108 to pivot clockwise. Under the effect of this pivoting, the rest pallet 118 is released from its engagement with the tooth 78 of the escape wheel 76, which allows the latter to rotate freely in the clockwise direction.
  • the escape wheel 76 rotates freely in the clockwise direction and transmits, via one of its teeth 78, a driving impulse to the impulse paddle 98, which turns the balance 82 in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the escape wheel 76 continues to give the driving impulse to the impulse paddle 98 of the balance 82 by one of its teeth 78, while by another of its teeth 78 it drives the return vane 120 of the trigger 108.
  • the entire trigger 108 thus tends to rotate counterclockwise, so that the rest pallet 118 again gradually penetrates the perimeter of the teeth 78 of the escape wheel 76.
  • the shock absorber 130 is located at the bottom of the clearance 134 made in the plate 132 carried by the balance 82, in order not to interfere with the pivoting of the trigger 108 during the impulse phase which extends from the figure 5A to the figure 5E .
  • this shock absorber 130 is, by contact with the balance plate 132 130, to limit the pivoting of the trigger 108 in the event of an impact applied to the clockwork movement and prevent the involuntary unlocking of the escape wheel 76 when the latter is in its rest position on the trigger 108.
  • the escape wheel 76 finishes giving the driving impulse to the impulse vane 98 of the balance 82 and the rest vane 118 is again in the perimeter of the teeth 78 of the escape wheel 76.
  • the escape wheel 76 is at rest, resting by one of its teeth 78 on the rest pallet 118. From this moment, the escape wheel 76 is held against the rest pallet 118 with a certain force .
  • This is a safety device for maintaining the escape wheel 76 while the balance 82 performs its empty alternation also called lost blow, a device called pulling which opposes a resistance to the release of the rest pallet 118. during shocks applied to the timepiece.
  • the draft is generally defined by an angle ⁇ formed by a plane of rest 140 of the rest pallet 118 and a perpendicular 142 raised over a radius 144 of the trigger 108, at the point of contact 146 of the tooth 78 and of the pallet. rest 118.
  • the value of the pulling angle ⁇ is preferably but not limited to between 5 ° and 20 °, knowing that the higher this value, the better the immunization. of the escapement to shocks and accelerations, but the more difficult the escape wheel will have to disengage from its socket with the trigger at the start of the driving impulse, which affects the mechanical efficiency and the isochronsimity of the 'exhaust. Conversely, the smaller the value of the pulling angle ⁇ , the easier it will be for the escape wheel to escape the grip with the trigger at the start of the driving impulse and the better the efficiency and the better the isochronism. On the other hand, the resistance of the detent escapement according to the invention to shocks will be less.
  • the balance 82 pivots in the direction of clockwise and alternates when empty, also called a lost blow.
  • the pivoting hook 102 disappears when it passes the height of the release pallet 126 by performing a pivoting movement with a radius close to that of the balance 82, so that the passage of the balance 82 has no influence on the trigger 108 during said pulseless alternation.
  • the detent spring 18 deforms over a large radius and that its free end travels a path 148 substantially tangent to the outer diameter of the plate 22 of the balance 24, this plate 22 traverses an angle ⁇ of 13.8 °.
  • the pivoting center of the pivoting hook 102 is offset from a line of centers 150 which joins the pivoting center of the trigger 108 to the pivoting center of the balance 102 and the free end of the pivoting hook 102 pivots along a radius smaller than the radius along which the detent spring 18 of the prior art deforms and describes a path 152 which is more oriented towards the center of the balance plate 82. Consequently, the angle ⁇ traversed by the balance plate balance 82 during the lost shot is much weaker, typically of the order of 2.5 ° in the present case, so that the detent escapement according to the invention is much less disturbed, which has a beneficial effect on the isochronism of the exhaust.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
EP20173027.2A 2020-05-05 2020-05-05 Chronometerhemmung für uhren Pending EP3907566A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20173027.2A EP3907566A1 (de) 2020-05-05 2020-05-05 Chronometerhemmung für uhren
US17/202,662 US11906929B2 (en) 2020-05-05 2021-03-16 Detent escapement for a timepiece
JP2021066271A JP7112558B2 (ja) 2020-05-05 2021-04-09 計時器のディテントエスケープ
CN202110488851.5A CN113608424B (zh) 2020-05-05 2021-04-28 用于钟表的天文钟擒纵机构

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20173027.2A EP3907566A1 (de) 2020-05-05 2020-05-05 Chronometerhemmung für uhren

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3907566A1 true EP3907566A1 (de) 2021-11-10

Family

ID=70553921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20173027.2A Pending EP3907566A1 (de) 2020-05-05 2020-05-05 Chronometerhemmung für uhren

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11906929B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3907566A1 (de)
JP (1) JP7112558B2 (de)
CN (1) CN113608424B (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1538490A1 (de) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Armbanduhren
EP1708047A1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-04 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Uhren
EP2224292A2 (de) * 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Rolex Sa Chronometerhemmung für Uhrwerk
EP3121660A1 (de) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-25 Cartier International AG Uhrhemmungsmechanismus mit chronometerhemmung, und mit einem solchen mechanismus ausgestattete uhr

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1708046B1 (de) 2005-03-30 2008-03-26 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Uhren
EP1770452A1 (de) 2005-09-30 2007-04-04 Peter Baumberger Chronometerhemmung für Uhren
EP2199875B1 (de) * 2008-12-16 2014-09-24 Rolex Sa Chronometerhemmung
DE202009008527U1 (de) * 2009-03-25 2010-08-12 Tutima Uhrenfabrik Gmbh Chronometerhemmung
JP5366318B2 (ja) * 2009-09-14 2013-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 デテント脱進機およびデテント脱進機の作動レバーの製造方法
JP5441168B2 (ja) 2010-03-10 2014-03-12 セイコーインスツル株式会社 デテント脱進機と機械式時計

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1538490A1 (de) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-08 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Armbanduhren
EP1708047A1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-04 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Uhren
EP2224292A2 (de) * 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Rolex Sa Chronometerhemmung für Uhrwerk
EP3121660A1 (de) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-25 Cartier International AG Uhrhemmungsmechanismus mit chronometerhemmung, und mit einem solchen mechanismus ausgestattete uhr

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MM. CHARLES HUGUENINSAMUEL GUYEMAURICE GAUCHAT: "Echappements et moteurs pas-à-pas", 1974, pages: 169

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113608424B (zh) 2022-10-11
JP7112558B2 (ja) 2022-08-03
US11906929B2 (en) 2024-02-20
CN113608424A (zh) 2021-11-05
US20210349424A1 (en) 2021-11-11
JP2021177171A (ja) 2021-11-11

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