EP3547041B1 - Zeitmesser, der einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst - Google Patents

Zeitmesser, der einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3547041B1
EP3547041B1 EP19165050.6A EP19165050A EP3547041B1 EP 3547041 B1 EP3547041 B1 EP 3547041B1 EP 19165050 A EP19165050 A EP 19165050A EP 3547041 B1 EP3547041 B1 EP 3547041B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balance
escapement
frame
oscillation
plane
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EP19165050.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3547041A3 (de
EP3547041A2 (de
Inventor
Fabien Droz-Dit-Busset
Florent Cosandier
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Publication of EP3547041A2 publication Critical patent/EP3547041A2/de
Publication of EP3547041A3 publication Critical patent/EP3547041A3/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a hairspring type timepiece with a hairspring and a balance wheel.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for wristwatches but can also be applied to other time measuring mechanisms such as table clocks, wall clocks and other instruments fulfilling the function of timepieces.
  • CH 711 571 / EP 3 147 725 describe a rotating detent escapement, to maintain the oscillation of a monolithic oscillator (inertia elasticity).
  • the trigger is also monolithic.
  • the impulse is given by a direct torque. It is the balance shaft which receives the engine torque directly.
  • the relaxation allows this engine torque to be released. It is an oscillator on a flexible pivot whose small operating amplitude makes it possible to eliminate the risks of galloping (jumping of the trigger teeth, at the level of the escape wheel) and therefore to resolve the main disadvantage detent escapements in a watch.
  • EP 1097 408 B1 describes a constant-torque hairspring-balance type time indicator, with a hairspring and a balance wheel.
  • An oscillation of the balance wheel is maintained through an escapement mobile by displacement of a point of attachment of the spiral spring at the moment of passage to the point of impulse of the oscillator, resulting in a circular movement of the point of attachment of the spiral spring around the axis of the oscillator and causing rotation of the balance-spring-escapement assembly.
  • one end of the spiral spring, the internal end is fixed by a fixing pin to the exhaust mobile.
  • the other end of the spiral spring, the outer end is attached to the balance wheel.
  • the pin for fixing the spiral spring being integral with the escapement mobile, it transmits to the spiral spring the angular movement with which it has just been animated, storing potential energy in the spiral spring which will initiate the oscillation of the balance.
  • the aim of this invention is to provide a mechanical timepiece of the balance spring type, comprising a balance spring, a balance wheel and an escapement mechanism connected by a point of attachment to the balance spring and arranged to maintain oscillation of the balance wheel. , which has minimal disturbance on its reference oscillator and the frequency of the oscillator is more stable and the measurement of time more precise.
  • the invention is as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, a table clock or a wall clock, comprising a timepiece as described.
  • the invention makes it possible to simultaneously reduce the influence of several sources of disturbances coming from counting the number of oscillations of the balance (by reducing the number of interactions per cycle), maintaining its amplitude as well as the influence of the orientation of the oscillator in the gravitational field.
  • the invention combines the advantages of a detent escapement with the displacement of the point of attachment of the spring of the reference oscillator and the use of a sun gear acting as a tourbillon.
  • the invention benefits from the principle of the expansion escapement.
  • the detent escapement is known to have a reduced influence on the regular operation of the timepiece compared to other traditional escapements.
  • the invention introduces a variant of the expansion escapement which makes it possible to further reduce its influence by eliminating or at least reducing the need for the impulse shock used to maintain the amplitude of oscillation.
  • the present invention is a particular application of the family of tourbillon timepieces used in other forms since the 18th century.
  • the oscillator thus that the escapement executes a complete rotation in a few tens of seconds in the same plane as the oscillator.
  • the oscillator is minimally disturbed.
  • the transfer to the escape mechanism of part of the energy of the oscillation system necessary to clear the teeth of the escape wheel only influences the operation of the oscillator once per cycle, which allows for a reduced disturbance to the operation of the oscillator.
  • the influence of counting the number of oscillations on a traditional mechanism with an anchor escapement induces two disturbances per cycle of the oscillator.
  • the movement of the eyebolt in place of or in addition to the impulse given by the traditional escapement mechanism ensures that the amplitude of oscillation is maintained without there being, or at least in reducing the disruptive shock of oscillator operation.
  • a weak point of the detent escapement is the risk of the trigger being released for too long, which can then cause the release of several teeth of the escape wheel (gallop).
  • the mechanism as described in the present invention avoids this problem because the escape wheel is slowed down by the inertia of the chassis and the trigger thus has time to return to its position in time and avoid galloping.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the oscillator and the escapement mechanism make a complete revolution in a few tens of seconds on themselves in the plane of the oscillator thanks to the planetary device, and thus average the negative influences of the unbalance of the balance when the plane of oscillation of the balance is not perpendicular to the gravitational field.
  • the energy transmitted to the oscillator by the movement of the attachment point of the hairspring is constant and depends on the distance of the movement of the pin which is constant.
  • the energy transmitted to the oscillator to maintain its amplitude by this movement no longer depends on the force of the barrel as soon as this force is sufficient to ensure the movement of the pin.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, by way of example, a mechanical timepiece according to an embodiment close to the invention of the sprung balance type, comprising a spiral spring 10, a balance 20 and a trigger escapement mechanism 30 connected by a point of attachment to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain oscillation of the balance wheel.
  • the trigger escapement mechanism 30 is connected to the attachment point 12 of the spiral spring 10 by a frame 40 which pivots around the axis A of the balance.
  • An external end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to this frame 40 at a location located on one side of the balance axis A, the internal end of the spiral spring 10 being fixed towards the center of the balance 20.
  • the mechanism d The detent escapement 30 is located on the other side of the balance axis A and acts on the pivoting frame 40 to rotate it around the axis A and thus rotate around the axis A at the attached end 12 of the spiral spring 10.
  • the balance wheel 20 is mounted on, and coaxial with, a fixed ring gear 22 comprising internal teeth 46, and the frame 40 carries said other side of the axis A balance, a satellite pinion 42 which engages with said toothed ring 22 and which is driven step by step by the detent escapement mechanism 30.
  • the frame 40 comprises several branches extending on either side of the axis of rotation of the balance 20 at an angle of approximately 120°.
  • the chassis 40 forms a rotating plate whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation A of the balance 20.
  • the timepiece according to an embodiment close to the invention comprises an escape wheel 32 coaxial and integral with the satellite pinion 42.
  • the detent escapement mechanism 30 comprises an exhaust body 39 pivoting between a rest position engaging with the escape wheel 32 and a position for disengaging the escape wheel 32.
  • This pivoted exhaust body 39 comprises a flexible trigger blade, a trigger rest plane 37 which engages with the escape wheel 32, and a stop of the flexible trigger blade 38 located in the trajectory of an impulse pin 24 integral in oscillation with the balance 20, which impulse pin 24 during the oscillation of the balance 20 moves the escapement lever 36/37/38/39 from its rest position to its release position.
  • the exhaust body 39 is pivotally mounted at one of the external ends of the chassis 40.
  • the outer end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to one end of the frame 40 by a pin 14 which extends vertically between the plane of the frame 40 and the plane of the spiral spring 10.
  • the escape wheel 32 has a release plane 50 on its teeth 52 interacting with the resting plane of the trigger 37 of the escape mechanism 30, said release plane 50 preventing a rapid return of the trigger after its release.
  • FIG 1 illustrates the timepiece in its position where the impulse pin 24 while advancing (oscillation of the balance 20 in the opposite direction of clockwise in the drawing) leaves the escapement body 39 in its rest position with the rest plane 37 engaged against the escape wheel 32 in order to block this and the satellite pinion 42. Then the balance 20 continues its oscillation in this direction, then reverses its direction of oscillation.
  • the impulse pin 24, oscillating clockwise strikes the end of the stop of the flexible blade 38, the exhaust body 39 moves and releases the tooth 37 from its engagement with the escape wheel 32 which is therefore free to rotate and the satellite pinion 42 rotates with the escape wheel 32 and moves the chassis 40.
  • the impulse pin 24 when passing in front of the trigger, bends the flexible trigger blade 36 and passes the end of the stop of the flexible trigger blade 38 without clearing the escape wheel 32, arriving at the starting position illustrated, and so following.
  • the concept described is based on a traditional balance-spring oscillator.
  • the entire mechanism rests on the chassis 40, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the axis of rotation of the balance wheel 20.
  • the satellite pinion 42 meshes with the planetary crown 22.
  • the detent escapement 30, the gear wheel exhaust 32, the satellite wheel 42, the support for the pin 14 of the spiral spring 10 are all adjacent to the satellite chassis.
  • the satellite pinion 42 and the escape wheel 32 are integral.
  • the planetary ring 22 is fixed (does not oscillate or rotate). A rotational torque is exerted on the chassis pinion 45 ( figure 2 ). This torque tends to rotate the satellite pinion 42 and thus the chassis.
  • the satellite pinion 42 is retained in its rotation by the blocking of the escape wheel 32 by the trigger mechanism 30.
  • the rotation of the escape wheel 32 is only possible once per oscillation cycle of the balance 20 when it releases the relaxation mechanism 30.
  • the satellite carrier plate will be able to rotate the amplitude of which depends on the ratio of the numbers of teeth of the different wheels. This rotation will cause a movement of the pin 14 to ensure or contribute to maintaining the amplitude of oscillation of the balance 29.
  • the relaxation mechanism therefore does not necessarily act on the balance 20 to maintain its amplitude of oscillation by an action direct as in the case of a traditional expansion escapement.
  • the arm comprising the rest plane 37, pushed by the escape wheel 32 can be extended so that the trigger mechanism also acts on the impulse element.
  • the energy transmitted to the balance to maintain its amplitude is then distributed between the movement of the pin and the impulse of the extended arm of the trigger.
  • the chassis pinion 45 ( figure 2 ) also makes a rotation which ensures the counting of the number of cycles of oscillations carried out by the balance 20.
  • the angle of rotation of the planet carrier plate can be calculated to ensure an optimum amplitude of the angle of rotation of the balance wheel 20 in regular operation.
  • a set of wheels links a barrel (not illustrated) which ensures the torque on the satellite pinion 42 by the chassis pinion 45 and by the ratio of the teeth of the wheels, it is possible to obtain an adequate rotation speed for each of between them to display, for example, hours, minutes, and seconds or other measures of time.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a mechanical timepiece according to an embodiment close to the invention of the sprung balance type, comprising a spiral spring 10, a balance 20 and a trigger escapement mechanism 30 connected by a point of attachment to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain oscillation of the balance wheel.
  • the trigger escapement mechanism 30 is connected to the attachment point 12 of the spiral spring 10 by a transverse part 40 which pivots around the axis A of the balance.
  • An external end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to this transverse part 40 at a location located on one side of the balance axis A, the internal end of the spiral spring 10 being fixed towards the center of the balance 20.
  • the mechanism trigger escapement 30 is located on the other side of the balance axis A and acts on the pivoting transverse part 40 to rotate it around the axis A and thus rotate around the axis A attached end 12 of spiral spring 10.
  • the balance wheel 20 is mounted on, and coaxial with, a fixed toothed wheel 22 having external teeth, and the transverse part 40 carries, on said other side of the balance axis A, a satellite pinion 42 which engages with said crown toothed 22 and which is driven step by step by the trigger escapement mechanism 30.
  • the transverse part 40 comprises two branches extending on either side of a disc 44 coaxial with the balance 20.
  • This disc 44 forms with the transverse part 40 a frame or a turntable whose axis of rotation coincides. with the axis of rotation of the balance 20.
  • the timepiece according to the invention comprises an escapement wheel 32 coaxial and integral with the satellite wheel 42.
  • the detent escapement mobile could be replaced by another escapement device .
  • the timepiece has two types of impulse.
  • a first type of impulse occurs when the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel is low. This is a direct impulse from a tooth of the escape wheel 52 which acts on an additional pin 48.
  • the inertia of the mobile escape wheel added to the inertia of the mobile chassis as well as the engine torque are chosen such that this type of pulse only occurs when the speed of passage of the balance is relatively low, i.e. when the amplitude of said balance is low.
  • the balance when the balance moves in the direction of release of the trigger, the balance rotates the trigger through its pin, the beak of the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the resting plane of the trigger , it arrives on the inclined plane 54 of the trigger and rotates it so as to allow the balance to pass.
  • the latter having a much lower inertia than the balance, it tends to return to its initial position too quickly with the risk of interacting again with the pin of the balance. There is thus a risk of multiple contacts between the trigger and the balance pin, which is not desirable.
  • the escape wheel is provided with a release plane 50, provided so that the trigger is maintained in its passing position until the balance is released.
  • the release of the balance wheel is guaranteed by the interaction between a tooth of the escape wheel 52 and the additional pin 48 whose angle it forms with the balance pin has been established for this purpose.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Mechanischer Zeitmesser vom Typ Unruh-Spirale, umfassend eine Spiralfeder (10), eine Unruh (20) und einen Hemmungsmechanismus (30), der durch einen Anbringungspunkt (12) mit der Spiralfeder verbunden ist und dafür angeordnet ist, eine Schwingung der Unruh aufrechtzuerhalten, wobei der Hemmungsmechanismus (30) mit dem Anbringungspunkt (12) der Spiralfeder durch ein nachstehend als Grundträger (40) bezeichnetes Teil verbunden ist, das um die Achse (A) der Unruh schwenkbar ist, ein Außenende (12) der Spiralfeder (10) an einer Stelle an diesem Grundträger (40) angebracht ist, die sich auf einer Seite der Unruhachse (A) befindet, und
    sich der Hemmungsmechanismus (30) auf der anderen Seite der Achse (A) der Unruh befindet und auf den schwenkbaren Grundträger (40) wirkt, um ihn zu drehen und so das angebrachte Ende (12) der Spiralfeder zu drehen,
    wobei die Unruh (20) auf und koaxial zu einem festen Zahnkranz (22) montiert ist und der Grundträger (40) auf der anderen Seite der Unruhachse (A) ein Satellitenrad (42) trägt, das mit dem Zahnkranz (22) in Eingriff steht und das schrittweise vom Hemmungsmechanismus (30) angetrieben wird,
    wobei der Zeitmesser ein Hemmungsrad (32), das koaxial zum Satellitenrad (42) und damit fest verbunden ist, und einen Chronometerhemmungshebel (36, 37, 38, 39) aufweist, der zwischen einer Ruheposition, in der er mit dem Hemmungsrad (32) in Eingriff steht, und einer Löseposition vom Hemmungsrad (32) schwenkt, und
    wobei das Außenende (12) der Spiralfeder durch ein Spiralklötzchen (14) am Grundträger (40) angebracht ist, das sich vertikal zwischen der Ebene des Grundträgers (40) und der Ebene der Spiralfeder (10) erstreckt, wobei die Ebene der Spiralfeder (10) zwischen der Ebene des Grundträgers (40) und der Unruh (20) angeordnet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hemmungsrad (32) eine Löseebene (50) auf seinen Zähnen (52) aufweist, die mit einem kurzen Arm (36) des Hemmungsmechanismus (30) zusammenwirkt, wobei die Löseebene (50) eine zu schnelle Rückstellung des Detents nach seiner Freigabe verhindert.
  2. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei der Grundträger mehrere Schenkel aufweist, die sich beiderseits einer Scheibe (44) erstrecken, die koaxial zur Unruh (20) ist und mit dem Grundträger (40) einen Drehteller bildet, dessen Drehachse mit der Schwingungsachse der Unruh (20) zusammenfällt.
  3. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    wobei der Hemmungshebel (36, 37, 38, 39) den kurzen Arm (36), der ein kurzer Innenarm (36) ist, der mit einem Eingriffszahn (37) versehen ist, der mit dem Hemmungsrad (32) in Eingriff tritt, und einen langen Außenarm (38) aufweist, der sich in der Bahn eines Impulselements (24) befindet, das in Schwingung fest mit der Unruh (20) verbunden ist, wobei das Impulselement (24) bei der Schwingung der Unruh (20) den Hemmungshebel (36, 37, 38, 39) aus seiner Ruheposition zu seiner Löseposition hin verschiebt.
  4. Zeitmesser nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Satellitenrad (42) und der Grundträger (40) dafür angeordnet sind, durch einen Grundträgertrieb (45) in Drehung angetrieben zu werden, wobei das Satellitenrad durch die Blockierung des Hemmungsrads (32) durch den Hemmungsmechanismus (30) in seiner Drehung zurückgehalten wird, wobei die Drehung des Hemmungsrads (32) einmal pro Schwingungszyklus der Unruh (20) erfolgt, wenn die Unruh (20) den Detentmechanismus (30) freigibt, so dass der Drehteller eine Drehung ausführt, deren Amplitude vom Verhältnis der Anzahl von Zähnen der verschiedenen Räder des Zeitmessers abhängig ist, wobei die Drehung des Drehtellers eine Bewegung des Spiralklötzchens (14) bewirkt, um die Beibehaltung der Schwingungsamplitude der Unruh (20) sicherzustellen oder zu dieser beizutragen.
  5. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 4,
    wobei der Grundträgertrieb (45) dafür angeordnet ist, eine Drehung auszuführen, die die Zählung der Anzahl von Schwingungszyklen sicherstellt, die von der Unruh (20) ausgeführt werden.
  6. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei die Summe der Trägheit des Hemmungsrads (32) addiert zur Trägheit des Grundträgers (40) so angeordnet ist, dass ein direkter Impuls eines Zahns (52) des Hemmungsrads (32) auf einen zusätzlichen Stift (48) dann erfolgt, wenn die Vorbeilaufgeschwindigkeit der Unruh (20) gering ist, das heißt wenn die Schwingungsamplitude der Unruh (20) gering ist.
  7. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 6, wobei, wenn die direkten Impulse nicht mehr erfolgen, Impulse durch Bewegung des Anbringungspunkts des Spiralklötzchens (14) am Grundträger (40) erfolgen, unabhängig von der Amplitude der Schwingungen der Unruh (20).
  8. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Hemmungsrad (32) mit einer Löseebene (50) versehen ist, die dafür vorgesehen ist, dass der Detent in seiner Vorbeilassposition gehalten wird, bis die Unruh (20) gelöst ist, wobei das Lösen der Unruh (20) durch die Interaktion zwischen einem Zahn des Hemmungsrads (52) und dem zusätzlichen Stift (48) garantiert wird.
  9. Zeitmesser nach Anspruch 8, wobei beim Vorbeilaufen der Unruh (20) in Löserichtung des Detents die Unruh (20) den Detentmechanismus (30) mittels ihres Stifts schwenkt, wobei die Nase des Zahns des Hemmungsrads die Ruheebene des Detents verlässt, um auf einer geneigten Ebene (54) des Detents anzukommen und diesen so zu schwenken, dass die Unruh vorbei gelassen wird.
  10. Uhr, von einer Armbanduhr, einer Tischuhr oder einer Wanduhr, mit einem Zeitmesser nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
EP19165050.6A 2018-03-27 2019-03-25 Zeitmesser, der einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst Active EP3547041B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00407/18A CH714839A1 (fr) 2018-03-27 2018-03-27 Garde-temps comportant un oscillateur mécanique.

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EP3547041A2 EP3547041A2 (de) 2019-10-02
EP3547041A3 EP3547041A3 (de) 2019-10-09
EP3547041B1 true EP3547041B1 (de) 2024-05-01

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EP4099100A1 (de) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-07 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk, das mit einem oszillator ausgestattet ist, der eine piezoelektrische spirale enthält

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1103871A1 (de) * 1999-09-02 2001-05-30 Creaholic S.A. Mechanisch geregelte Zeitanzeigevorrichtung
AU2000222749A1 (en) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-20 Wacht-U-License Ag Mechanically regulated time indicator
WO2004097533A2 (de) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-11 Jansen Rob E A Doppelseitiger tourbillon
EP3182216B1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2019-08-28 Montres Breguet S.A. Gekoppelte oszillatoren einer uhr

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US11435697B2 (en) 2022-09-06
EP3547041A3 (de) 2019-10-09
US20190324399A1 (en) 2019-10-24
EP3547041A2 (de) 2019-10-02

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