EP2540351B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'extinction de pétrole et de produits pétroliers dans des réservoirs - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'extinction de pétrole et de produits pétroliers dans des réservoirs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2540351B1
EP2540351B1 EP10846730.9A EP10846730A EP2540351B1 EP 2540351 B1 EP2540351 B1 EP 2540351B1 EP 10846730 A EP10846730 A EP 10846730A EP 2540351 B1 EP2540351 B1 EP 2540351B1
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Prior art keywords
mixture
liquid
extinguishing
fire extinguishing
der
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Not-in-force
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EP10846730.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2540351A4 (fr
EP2540351A1 (fr
Inventor
Anatoliy Nikolaevich Baratov
Valeriy Leonidovich Bakharev
Pavel Gennadievich Veretinskiy
Dmitriy Dmitrievich Osmakov
Lev Vladislavovich Rzhavskiy
Galina Vladimirovna Trubnikova
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SELIVERSTOV, VLADIMIR IVANOVICH
STENKOVOY, VLADIMIR ILYICH
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
    • A62C3/065—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products for containers filled with inflammable liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tank extinguishing method for extinguishing petroleum fires according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention can be used in fire protection technology. It provides a method for extinguishing petroleum and oil product fires, flammable liquids (combustible liquids) and highly flammable liquids in steel-fired tanks (SHT) and steel high-tonnage pontoon (SHTP) tanks.
  • SHT steel-fired tanks
  • SHTP steel high-tonnage pontoon
  • the patent RU 2129031 of 18.08.92 describes a fire extinguishing method according to which the burning surface is controlled with an aerosol-forming solid fuel in the form of foam granules or foam fog bodies with a specific weight of 800 kg / m 3 .
  • the foam granules or the foam fog bodies are coated with a moisture protection agent.
  • the ignition temperature of the moisture protection agent is 120-140 ° C.
  • the moisturizer is manually fed according to the invention (the bags of foam granules are thrown down onto the burning surface of the oil tank) or through a hose from the tanker.
  • the remainder (undissolved, not settled and non-condensed residue) of the gas-aerosol mixture is barbotiert over a layer of flammable or highly flammable liquid to the fuel surface.
  • the specific consumption of the fire extinguishing agent with respect to the burning surface was 0.2 kg / m 2 with a burning surface of 1 m 2 , the volume of the highly inflammable liquid 0.75 m 3 and the column of highly inflammable liquid 0.75 m.
  • the losses of fire extinguishing aerosol in pipelines and coolers are each up to 50% ( VV Agafonov, NP Kopylov. Aerosol fire extinguishing systems. M .: 1999. 302 p .). Under natural conditions, the actual consumption is in the end 0.8 kg / m.
  • the delivery time of the gas-aerosol mixture to the surface with burning liquid is at least 2 minutes, taking into account the duration of the fire-extinguishing aerosol generator.
  • the disperse fire extinguishing gas mixture is formed by the fact that a gaseous and / or liquefied gas phlegmatizer (combustion retarder) and / or a gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous flame retardant and / or a hydrocarbon repellent surface active under a pressure of at least 2 MPa the container with a powdered or liquid heterogeneous flame retardant is supplied.
  • the container is equipped with a valve which ensures the outlet of disperse gas mixture via a perforated spray nozzle or via several spray nozzles at a container pressure of at least 0.42 MPa.
  • the perforated spray nozzles ensure an atomization of the dispersed gas mixture by 180 ° with a consumption of at least 1 kg / sec.
  • the direction of atomization runs in the same direction as the surface of the burning liquid and in the upper hemisphere above the surface of the above-mentioned liquid.
  • the sputtering intensity thereby ensures the concentration of the disperse gas mixture of at least 0.09 kg / m 3 in the middle of the flame above the burning surface.
  • the mass ratio between the gas phase and the disperse phase of the fire extinguishing mixture is within 0.2: 1 to 15: 1.
  • the gas component is an inert gas (eg CO 2 , N 2 , Ar or their mixture) and / or or an ozone-neutral halogenated hydrocarbon.
  • the heterogeneous flame retardants used are a fire-extinguishing powder based on carbonate and / or chloride and / or phosphate of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals and / or based on ammonium or a misting solution of orthophosphoric acid.
  • the disperse gas mixture is simultaneously supplied from several generators which float on the surface of the liquid in the tank and are located both at the periphery of the tank and at its center.
  • the resulting vector is the horizontal sputtering of the peripheral generators towards the center and the center generators aligned towards the edge.
  • the resulting sputter vector of the top hemisphere facing peripheral generators is oriented toward the center of the flame and the centrally located generators from the center of the burning surface mirror to the edge at an angle of 90 ° to the above vector.
  • the main deficiency of this process is its explosion instability. That is, in a steam explosion of highly flammable liquids or fuel liquid disassembly of the floating on the liquid surface facilities in the SHT comes about, so that these facilities are thrown out of the tank.
  • the patent RU 2355450 C2 is a method for extinguishing highly inflammable and combustible liquids in fixed roof tanks or in solid roof tanks with pontoon or floating tank known.
  • the disperse fire extinguishing gas mixture is conveyed from a fire extinguishing module device or a group of devices which are arranged outside the tank or on the floating roof of the tank.
  • the method is characterized in that the disperse fire extinguishing gas mixture is produced in two steps. The first step takes place in an antechamber of the container containing the dispersed heterogeneous flame retardant.
  • the gaseous and / or liquefied mixture ingredients are admitted into the pre-chamber from a bottle or a bottle system or a gas generator with triggering and locking devices according to a signal from a detector or manually via a ventilation pipe.
  • the ventilation pipe is installed inside the prechamber.
  • the antechamber is equipped with an outlet valve a secondary acceleration mixing chamber connected.
  • the release and locking devices open at pressure of at least 0.9 MPa.
  • a final disperse gas mixture of gas to the disperse phase is formed in a ratio in the range of 0.35: 1 to 100: 1. In this case, such a ratio of the gas and liquefied phlegmatizer is taken, which ensures a pressure of at least 4 MPa at a temperature of -50 ° C in the bottled gas system.
  • the second step The disperse gas mixture is conveyed from the acceleration mixing chamber via a pipeline into a nozzle unit.
  • the nozzle unit has a shut-off valve which opens the nozzle unit.
  • the nozzle unit is provided with a supersonic confuser, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the nozzle a pressure of at least 0.1 MPa at the mouth and a mass consumption of at least 15 kg / sec. ensures.
  • carbon dioxide and / or fluorocarbons or sulfur hexafluoride are used as the gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer.
  • gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous flame retardants bromine and / or iodine-halogenated hydrocarbons are used.
  • the gas phlegmatizers used are nitrogen or argon.
  • heterogeneous flame retardants fire-extinguishing powders based on chloride, sulfate, phosphate or carbonate of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or ammonium or their mixture are used.
  • the disadvantage of the prototype process is also an explosion instability.
  • the one by the patent US 5573068 (IPC A 62 C3 / 06 of 12.11.1996) known fuel oil fire fighting equipment comprises a gas-powder injector and / or a gas-liquid injector (foam generator - foam generator), which the fire extinguishing agent in a system of annular and radial pipes via a trigger shut-off device.
  • the pipes are horizontal in oil and flush with the bottom of the tank and are connected to a system of vertical pipes.
  • the upper part of these tubes lies above the surface of the oil.
  • each spray nozzles are installed, which ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agent over the burning surface of the fuel liquid during the oil fire.
  • This device is considered a prototype.
  • DE 908 940 C is a particular intended for fuel storage containers fire extinguishing device known.
  • the device provides a supply of the extinguishing agent to the container bottom and a discharge of the extinguishing agent on the liquid level in the container. It comprises a buoyancy body connected to a displacement outlet via a entrainable connection line and provided with a displacement outlet, an extinguishing medium line entrained by the latter and connected to the inlet arranged in the bottom of the tank, and outlets for the extinguishing agent carried by the buoyancy body.
  • Second step After a signal from the fire detector, the trigger shut-off device on the injector is opened.
  • the above-mentioned fire extinguishing mixture is supplied from the injector to the exhaust pipe and the float spray nozzle.
  • the fire extinguishing mixture is directed from the float spray nozzle just below the layer and / or on the surface of the liquid in closed jets from the center to the edge.
  • the rays run in the same direction with the mirror and with a deflection of 360 °.
  • 0.05 - 0.2 parts of the above-mentioned fire extinguishing mixture are atomized through the nozzles at an angle of 3 to 90 ° to the surface of the burning liquid in the tank to generate a buoyant force. This buoyancy force ensures the positive buoyancy of the "Outlet Line - Float Spray Nozzle" arrangement.
  • the spray nozzle may be arranged in advance over the surface of the layer of the combustible liquid.
  • a disperse fire extinguishing composition As the dispersion gas fire extinguishing mixture, a disperse fire extinguishing composition is used. It contains a highly dispersed additive, a flowability targeting additive, an organosilicon hydrophobing agent, a powdered main flame retardant and a gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer or a mixture of a phlegmatizer and a liquid flame retardant.
  • gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer here are carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen or air in the ratio of 9: 1 to 4: 1 or a mixture of carbon dioxide and alkyl carbinol in the ratio of 99: 1 to 90: 10 or a mixture of Carbon dioxide and nitrogen or air with alkyl carbinol in the ratio 80 - 100: 5 - 20: 0.5 - 5 used.
  • liquid flame retardant a 5% iodine solution or a 5-20% mixed solution of iodine and iodide of an alkali metal or ammonium in alkyl carbinol is used.
  • the carbon dioxide is modified by dimethyl ketone from 100: 1 to 10: 1 and that at the following proportions in wt.% highly dispersed additive - 0.2-2.8; Target additive for flowability - 4,6 - 25; organosilicon hydrophobing agent - 0.1-0.7; powdered main flame retardant - 15-85; Phlegmatizer or mixture of phlegmatizer and liquid flame retardant - Rest.
  • a extinguishing composition with compressed propellant gases nitrogen, argon, nitrogen extinguishing gas or their mixture with air
  • liquefied quenching gases carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, halogenated hydrocarbons or their mixture
  • the compressed gas to liquefied gas ratio in% by weight is as follows: Compressed gases - 6,6 - 60 Liquefied gases - Rest.
  • the triggering and shut-off device is designed with an electrical and / or a compressed air and / or a manual release in conventional or explosion-proof design.
  • the diameter of the SHT-5000 is 21.1 m.
  • the surface of the oil level is 356 m 2 .
  • 6 modules with extinguishing powder MPP "BiZone-100" (2 pieces per foam discharge KNP-5) are placed around SHT.
  • the total amount of phosphate powder is 480 kg.
  • the extinction constant ⁇ 0.8-14 in the IR range (0.8-14) ⁇ m for monoammonium phosphate powder is about 0.05 to 0.1 m 2 / g, depending on its degree of dispersity.
  • the blending of the powdery ingredients and the preparation of the dry powdered flame retardant are carried out in a plant and by a method that are common in the production of extinguishing powders.
  • the prepared dry flame retardant is filled into the powder container (bottle) with the aid of a filling system (eg PSM plant).
  • a filling system eg PSM plant.
  • the phlegmatizing propellant, the liquefied flame retardant and the modifier of the liquefied phlegmatizer are filled into the gas container of the device by means of the filling system (3CA). This gas container will subsequently serve as a gas source.
  • the dispersion and gas components are mixed together. This results in the dispersion gas fire extinguishing mixture which is sprayed into the firing range according to the invention.
  • Tables 1 to 3 contain exemplary compositions for filling the devices according to the invention as well as the test results achieved in petroleum firefighting with the aid of the method according to the invention and the respective device on the model firing range 233B.
  • the dispersion gas fire extinguisher module (“BiZone-100” type) is placed outside the SHT or SHTPK or SHTP near the inlet of the tank.
  • the "BiZone-100" (the injector) is connected to the float spray nozzle via the trigger and shut-off device by means of a flexible (articulated or other) or fixed pipe.
  • the float spray nozzle is placed under the layer of flammable liquid in the tank or on the surface of said liquid according to claim 1 of the invention.
  • the tripping and shut-off device is opened.
  • the fire fighting takes place via the outlet pipe and the spray nozzle in two steps. First, the fire extinguishing agent is placed under the layer and / or on the surface of the combustible liquid and then above the surface of the fuel liquid at a level of 0.005D to 0.05D (D stands for SHT diameter).
  • the device for extinguishing crude oil and petroleum products 6 in steel roofed tanks (SHT) with fixed roof 9 and in SHT with pontoon 10 (SHTP) works according to the method according to the invention as follows:
  • a signal from the fire detector comes into the monitoring triggering device of the fire extinguishing system. From here, the signal comes as an electric or compressed air signal in the triggering and shut-off device 2, which is located on the bottle with phlegmatizing propellant gas injector 1.
  • the phlegmatizing gas enters the container with the dispersed chemical flame retardant. As it flows through the container, it forms the disperse fire extinguishing gas mixture, the recipe of which is given in Tables 1-3.
  • This fire extinguishing gas mixture comes via the outlet 5 and the articulated connections 3 in the Kreissprühdüse 7. From here, the dispersion gas mixture flows under the layer 6 of petroleum and petroleum products. Below the layer 6, the dispersion gas mixture spreads in the same direction and cools it. As a result, this layer 6 is phlegmatized. A portion (5 to 20%) of the dispersion gas mixture which flows out of the circular spray nozzle 7 at a flow rate of at least 0.15 kg / s ⁇ m 2 produces the positive buoyancy for the float 8 Console "Kreissprühdüse - joint outlet pipe" and finally the emergence of the Kreissprühdüse 7 ensured. The circular spray nozzle 7 delivers the disperse fire extinguishing gas mixture to the burning surface of the layer 6 or below the float pontoon 10 with the pontoon floats 11.
  • the method and the device according to the invention provide the new positive property, namely the resistance to the explosion of the petroleum vapor and the flammable and highly flammable liquids.
  • Table 3 ingredients prototype Ingredient content (% by weight) method Facility Embodiments of the invention RU 2258549 US 5573068 379 380 381 382 383 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.
  • High dispersion additive (silica) 0.2-2.8 - - - - - - 2.
  • Organosilicon hydrophobing agent 0.1-0.7 - - - - - - - 4.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Procédé de réservoir effaçable pour l'extinction d'incendies pétroliers où une composition d'extinction de feu de gaz ou de gaz de dispersion est véhiculé via une installation externe d'extinction de feu (injecteur) via un dispositif de déclenchement et d'obturation (2), un conduit d'évacuation (5) et un circuit de buse de pulvérisation (7) dans la zone d'incendie,
    Est caractérisé de sorte que
    La composition d'extinction de feu citée en haut est alimentée par un circuit de buse de pulvérisation flotteur apparaissant sur la surface du liquide combustible (7) où l'extinction du feu est effectuée en trois étapes:
    1. Etape: le circuit flotteur de buse de pulvérisation relié grâce à une conduite via le dispositif de déclenchement et d'obturation (2) avec l'injecteur (1) est disposé sous la couche (6) du liquide combustible sur une profondeur correspondante au minimum à la hauteur du circuit de buse de pulvérisation (7) et/ou sur la surface dudit liquide où la longueur de la conduite est fixée suivant la proportion: L R = R 2 T + H bF − H lnj − H Düse 2
    Figure imgb0018
     Où
    LR - signifie la longueur de la conduite en m,
    RT - le rayon du réservoir en m,
    HbF - le taux de remplissage au maximum du liquide combustible au réservoir en m,
    HInj - la hauteur de l'entrée du conduit d'évacuation (3) de l'injecteur (1) au réservoir en m,
    HDüse - la hauteur du circuit de buse de pulvérisation (7) en m.
    2. Etape: après un signal du détecteur d'incendie, le dispositif de déclenchement ou le cas échéant d'obturation (2) est ouvert à l'injecteur (1) et la composition citée en haut de l'extinction du feu est amenée via la conduite et via le circuit de buse de pulvérisation flotteur (7) sous la couche (6) et/ou sur la surface du liquide combustible en rayons fermés du milieu jusqu'au bord dans le même sens avec le miroir et ce avec une déviation de 360 grades et où les parties 0,05 - 0,2 de la composition d'extinction de feu citée en haut sont pulvérisées sous un angle de 3 à 90° jusqu'à la surface du liquide.
    3. Etape: il est veillé à ce que le circuit de buse de pulvérisation flotteur (7) apparaît au-dessus de la surface combustible sur une hauteur de 0,005 DT jusqu'à 0,05 DT (où DT représente le diamètre du réservoir); à cet égard, la composition d'extinction de feu est conduite avec un débit au minimum de 0,15 kg/seconde.·m2 avec une déviation de circuit des rayons où le nombre des rayons est déterminé comme suit: 90 ° α ≤ n ≤ 360 ° α
    Figure imgb0019
     Où
    n représente le nombre des rayons et
    α l'angle de divergence du rayon
  2. Procédé correspondant à la revendication 1,
    est caractérisé de sorte qu'
    une composition d'extinction de feu dispersée est appliquée comme composition d'extinction de feu de gaz de dispersion présentant les ingrédients suivants : un additif hautement dispersé, un additif-cible pour la fluidité, un agent hydrophobe organosilicique, un inhibiteur principal de flammes et un agent flegmatisant gazeux et/ou liquéfié ou une composition d'agent flegmatisant et un inhibiteur de flammes liquide,
    que le dioxyde de carbone ou une composition de dioxyde de carbone et d'azote ou d'air en proportion de 99 : 1 à 90 : 10 ou une composition de dioxyde de carbone avec l'alkylcarbinol en proportion de 99 : 1 à 90 : 10 ou une composition de dioxyde de carbone et d'azote ou d'air avec l'alkylcarbinol en proportion de 80 - 100 : 5 - 20 : 0,5 - 5 sont utilisés comme agent flegmatisant gazeux et/ou liquéfié,
    qu'une solution d'iode de 5% ou une solution composée d'iode et d'iodure de 5-20% d'un métal alcalin ou d'ammonium en et d'alkylcarbinol est utilisée en tant qu' inhibiteur de flammes, à cet égard la proportion de la composition de l'agent flegmatisant : inhibiteur de flammes fluide en proportion de 100 : 1 à 100 : 30; aussi le dioxyde de carbone divisé par le diméthylcétone de100 : 1 à 10 : 1 est-il modifié et ce avec les proportions comprises en poids en %: additif hautement dispersé - 0,2 - 2,8; additif-cible pour fluidité - 4,6 - 25; agent hydrophobe organosilicique - 0,1 - 0,7; inhibiteur principal de flammes pulvérulent - 15 - 85; agent flegmatisant ou composition d' agent flegmatisant et inhibiteur de flammes liquide- reste;
    et
    qu' une composition d'extinction avec du gaz propulseur sous pression (azote, argon, gaz d'extinction d'azote ou une composition avec l'air) et gaz d'extinction liquide (dioxyde de carbone, hexafluorure de soufre, hydrocarbure halogéné ou leur composition) est utilisée comme composition d'extinction de feu de gaz) au gaz sous pression suivant en proportion de gaz liquéfié en poids de %: gaz sous pression - 6,6 - 60 gaz liquéfié - reste
EP10846730.9A 2010-02-24 2010-12-14 Procédé et dispositif d'extinction de pétrole et de produits pétroliers dans des réservoirs Not-in-force EP2540351B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010106910/05A RU2429082C1 (ru) 2010-02-24 2010-02-24 Способ и устройство для тушения нефти и нефтепродуктов в резервуаре
PCT/RU2010/000754 WO2011105926A1 (fr) 2010-02-24 2010-12-14 Procédé et dispositif d'extinction de pétrole et de produits pétroliers dans des réservoirs

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EP2540351A1 EP2540351A1 (fr) 2013-01-02
EP2540351A4 EP2540351A4 (fr) 2014-05-07
EP2540351B1 true EP2540351B1 (fr) 2018-08-01

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US (1) US20120312564A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2540351B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102791336A (fr)
RU (1) RU2429082C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011105926A1 (fr)

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WO2011105926A8 (fr) 2018-05-03
US20120312564A1 (en) 2012-12-13
EP2540351A4 (fr) 2014-05-07
RU2429082C1 (ru) 2011-09-20
EP2540351A1 (fr) 2013-01-02
WO2011105926A1 (fr) 2011-09-01
CN102791336A (zh) 2012-11-21

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