Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
  • B29C45/1679—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles applying surface layers onto injection-moulded substrates inside the mould cavity, e.g. in-mould coating [IMC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
  • B29C37/0025—Applying surface layers, e.g. coatings, decorative layers, printed layers, to articles during shaping, e.g. in-mould printing
  • B29C37/0028—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
  • B29C37/0053—Moulding articles characterised by the shape of the surface, e.g. ribs, high polish
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/26—Moulds
  • B29C45/37—Mould cavity walls, i.e. the inner surface forming the mould cavity, e.g. linings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/26—Moulds
  • B29C45/37—Mould cavity walls, i.e. the inner surface forming the mould cavity, e.g. linings
  • B29C45/372—Mould cavity walls, i.e. the inner surface forming the mould cavity, e.g. linings provided with means for marking or patterning, e.g. numbering articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
  • B29C45/56—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
  • B29C45/561—Injection-compression moulding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
  • B29C45/56—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
  • B29C45/561—Injection-compression moulding
  • B29C2045/563—Enlarging the mould cavity during injection
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
  • B29C45/56—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
  • B29C2045/569—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding using a mould part for decreasing and a mould part for increasing the volume of the mould cavity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
  • B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
  • B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
  • B29K2995/0022—Bright, glossy or shiny surface
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
  • B29K2995/0024—Matt surface
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
  • B29K2995/003—Reflective
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
  • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for
• Thermoplastic plastic molding compounds which can be based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for example, are used for a variety of applications.
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• the masses are extruded or injection-molded into moldings.
• the moldings are now widely used for the production of heavy-duty parts, such as
• sliding parts automobile indoors and outdoors, covers of electronic devices such as cell phone, computer, organizer, MP3 player or TV covers
• covered colored attachments eg in the automotive industry: exterior mirrors, pillar trim, mirror triangles
• covered colored attachments eg in the automotive industry: exterior mirrors, pillar trim, mirror triangles
• a molded body may be provided with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic coating to
• the surface of a shaped article can be mirrored or reflection-reducing be designed.
• these moldings may also have dirt-repellent or antibacterial properties, often by a modification of the
• Shaped bodies are provided with layers of paint.
• the classic application of reactive paints is relatively complicated and therefore expensive.
• methods have already been developed by which a scratch-resistant layer can be applied relatively inexpensively by injection molding on the moldings.
• JP 11300776 and JP 2005074896 describe injection molding processes in which a molded article having a scratch-resistant layer is obtained.
• JP 11300776 (Dainippon Toryo, 1998) describes a two-stage RIM process. First, a molding is obtained by metathesis RIM of dicyclopentadiene. After curing, the movable part of the RIM tool is moved back, so that a defined gap between the molding and mold is formed. In this gap, a coating material is injected in a second RIM process, which acrylfunktionalinstrumenten
• Plastic in particular polycarbonate (PC) to a
• the tool then opens by a small gap and within a few seconds becomes a reactive solution
• Peroxide initiator injected and cured. At 95 ° C the cure is complete after a few seconds and after 90s the composite is removed from the mold. It has a good scratch resistance, adhesion, thermal cycling and hot water change resistance. Mandatory in all
• Claims is the presence of a urethane oligomer consisting of isophorone diisocyanate or
• Bis (isocyanocyclohexyl) methane building blocks is constructed.
• the previously described shaped body already have good
• the mechanical and optical properties of the molding compositions such as. the color, and thereby change the shape of the body.
• the surface is structured.
• these structured shaped bodies can subsequently be provided, for example, with a scratch-resistant coating.
• the subsequently applied coating leads to the loss of the structure.
• the structure can be embossed into the scratch-resistant coating in a downstream embossing step.
• the process should in particular allow the production of hydrophobic or hydrophilic coating, for example, to change the wettability with water or other liquids.
• hydrophobic or hydrophilic coating for example, to change the wettability with water or other liquids.
• Shaped body with dirt-repellent or antibacterial properties can be designed.
• coated moldings should have a high weathering and
• the process should be able to produce moldings with a high precision and consistently high quality. In addition, the process should allow the highest possible lifetime of an injection molding plant.
• molded articles can be produced which have multifunctional nanostructured surfaces and
• the method according to the invention is characterized in that it is carried out in only one closed tool.
• the manufacturing process is i.a. the combination of an injection molding process step and a subsequent expansion-flooding embossing process step. It is particularly with the method according to invention that it without
• moldings are obtained with excellent mechanical properties by the inventive method.
• the moldings can be applied by the invention
• Coating a high scratch resistance and hardness show.
• the surface properties of molded articles can be adapted to a variety of different requirements.
• the method can be used in particular for the production of hydrophobic or
• hydrophilic coating for example, to change the wettability with water or other liquids.
• a mirroring or a reflection reduction of the surface can be achieved.
• the coated moldings have a high resistance to weathering and chemicals. Furthermore, by the method moldings with a high precision and consistently high quality can be produced. To show
• Moldings obtainable according to the method of the invention substantially no cracks or similar defects. Furthermore, these moldings show a high
• the inventive method comprises
• a molding compound is injected at a temperature between 220 and 330 ° C in a fully or partially structured on the inner surface of the injection mold and to obtain a shaped body on the
• Demolding temperature of the molding composition preferably at 70 to 90 ° C cools. 2.
• the injection mold is changed so that a gap with a thickness between 2 and 500 ym, preferably between 5 and 80 ym, between
• Inner surface of the injection mold is formed.
• the mold is closed again and heated within a maximum of 20 seconds, preferably in a period between 5 and 8 seconds to a temperature between 80 and 140 ° C, preferably between 100 and 140 ° C, heated.
• the machine parts required for this purpose are replaced by a sliding table.
• the reactive mixture of process step 3.) is a formulation containing at least 40% by weight of a di (meth) acrylate, at least 10% by weight of a tri-, Tetra- or penta (meth) acrylate, and 0.01 wt% to 3.0 wt% of a thermal initiator.
• Lubricant be included. This is preferred
• Mold release agent is sufficiently low. Thus, the molding can be removed without residue.
• double bond refers in particular to carbon-carbon double bonds, which are free-radical
• polymerizable are polymerizable. These include in particular (meth) acrylates derived from unsaturated alcohols, such as. For example, 2-propynyl (meth) acrylate,
• (Meth) acrylates derived from diols or higher alcohols e.g. Glycol di (meth) acrylates, such as ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate,
• Particularly preferred (meth) acrylates having at least two double bonds are, in particular, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate.
• the reactive mixture contains at least one
• the proportion of (meth) acrylates having three or more double bonds is preferably at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 25% by weight, based on the weight of the reactive mixture.
• this includes
• Reactive mixture preferably 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate
• Pentaerythritol Of particular interest are, in particular, reactive mixtures which
• Trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate wherein the weight ratio of
• Trimethylolpropane triacrylate to pentaerythritol tetraacrylate preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5, more preferably in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 3 and most preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2 can lie.
• this includes
• Reactive mixture preferably trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, wherein the weight ratio of trimethylolpropane triacrylate to 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably in
• reactive mixtures which preferably comprise pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate.
• Weight ratio of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate to 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5, particularly preferably in
• Reactive mixtures comprising pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and / or trimethylolpropane triacrylate surprisingly show a particularly high scratch resistance, which increases in particular with the proportion of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.
• trimethylolpropane triacrylate show a particularly high UV stability, which can be determined in particular by the xenon test.
• mixtures with a high proportion of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate retain a high scratch resistance even after xenon irradiation according to US Pat
• the scratch resistance of the coating depends inter alia on the number of polymerizable
• Double bonds based on the weight of the mixture. The higher this proportion, the higher the scratch resistance that the coating can achieve.
• the higher this proportion the higher the scratch resistance that the coating can achieve.
• Double bond per 120 g of reactive mixture more preferably at least 1 mole of double bond per 105 g of reactive mixture.
• the scratch resistance can be increased in particular by the use of (meth) acrylates having three or more double bonds.
• the reactive mixture comprises at least one initiator, by means of which the monomers can be radically polymerized.
• thermal initiators are used which form radicals by the action of heat.
• Suitable thermal initiators include
• Azo compounds, peroxy compounds, persulfate compounds or azoamidines are examples.
• Ammonium peroxydisulfate 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis (isobutyric acid amidine) hydrochloride, benzopinacol, dibenzyl derivatives, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, 1,1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, tert , Butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide,
• Methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide cyclohexanone peroxide
• the reactive mixture 0.01 wt .-% to 3
• Wt .-% preferably 0.1 wt .-% to 2.5 wt .-% and
• thermal initiator more preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight of thermal initiator, based on the weight of the reactive mixture.
• the reactive mixture may optionally comprise a lubricant. This succeeds depending on
• lubricants for. B. selected from the group of polysiloxanes, the saturated fatty acids having less than C2 0 , preferably Ci 6 to Cis carbon atoms or the saturated fatty alcohols having less than C2 0 , preferably Ci 6 to Ci 8 carbon atoms. Preference is given to small amounts of not more than 0.25, z. B. 0.05 to 0.2 wt .-%, based on the weight of the reactive mixture. Suitable z. As stearic acid, palmitic acid, technical mixtures of stearic and palmitic acid.
• polysiloxanes which are acrylated such as, for example, 13/6 / o-2-hexylacrylsiloxane, are useful
• Trade name RC 725 can be obtained from Goldschmidt GmbH.
• Polysiloxanes can also be used in higher amounts. For example, amounts of at most 10% by weight, preferably of at most 1% by weight and very particularly preferably of not more than 0.5, are expedient
• n-hexadecanol n-octadecanol, and technical mixtures of n-hexadecanol and n-octadecanol.
• a particularly preferred lubricant is stearyl alcohol.
• the reactive mixture may contain conventional additives, such as colorants, pigments, for example metallic pigments, UV stabilizers, fillers or nanomaterials,
• ITO nanoparticles especially ITO nanoparticles.
• the proportion of these additives depends on the intended application and can therefore be within a wide range. Preferably, if additives are present, this proportion may be from 0 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight.
• Embodiment a thermal degradation of the molding compositions are minimized in the injection molding, so that moldings are obtained with a high, consistent quality.
• Molded compound injected into an injection mold and cooled to obtain a shaped body.
• the coating is advantageously carried out by a change in the injection mold, with a gap between the surface to be coated of the molding and the inner surface of the injection mold is formed.
• the resulting gap can be filled by injection molding with a reactive mixture.
• the coated moldings can be produced.
• the moldings produced according to the invention preferably have scratch-resistant coated glossy surface areas and / or scratch-resistant coated after the coating
• the coated molding has both
• the thickness of the coatings is in the range from 1 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m, preferably between 5 .mu.m and 80 .mu.m. In a particular embodiment can be molded with a
• Shaped body is preferably a micro- or nanostructuration. Especially preferred are
• flank angle is understood to be the angle formed between the shaped body surface and a point of the structural unit which is applied at 5% height of the overall height of the structural unit.
• Flank angle is to be understood as the average value for asymmetrical structural units. Individual values may well be outside the range between 95 ° and 160 °.
• the structural units may be, for example, trapezoidal, round, elliptical or triangular or another, e.g. have completely asymmetrical shape.
• the structural units can have none, one or more than one mirror plane.
• a nanostructure according to the invention is a structure having a height between one nanometer and one
• Micrometer understood By a microstructure is meant a structure having a thickness of between one micron and one millimeter. Molding compositions for the production of the shaped bodies to be coated are known per se, these molding compositions as
• thermoplastically processable polymers include, for example, poly (meth) acrylates, in particular
• PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
• methacrylimides poly (meth) acrylimides
• Polyacrylonitriles Polystyrenes, polyethers, polyesters,
• polymers can be used individually or as a mixture. Furthermore, these polymers may also be in the form of copolymers. Preferred copolymers include styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers and polymethylmethacrylate copolymers, among others
• the molding compositions according to the invention comprise at least 50% by weight of polymethyl methacrylate, polymethacrylimethylimide and / or polymethyl methacrylate copolymers.
• the molding compositions may contain conventional additives and additives.
• Acrylic rubber modifier included. These additives include, among others
• the additives are in the usual amount, ie up to 80 wt .-%, preferably up to 30 wt .-%, based on the total mass used. If the amount is greater than 80 wt .-%, based on the total mass, so properties of the plastics such as the processability can be disturbed.
• Polymerization can be cured. Under conditions of injection molding, these compositions can be injected into the injection mold so that they
• compositions in these conditions at least one of:
• Coating can be used, inter alia, in the publications JP 11300776 and JP 2005074896 set forth. These references are hereby incorporated by reference for the purposes of disclosure
• the reactive mixture can in particular in
• Reactive injection molding are used.
• the mixture has a viscosity which allows such use.
• the dynamic viscosity of the reactive mixture in the range of 1 to 200 mPa * s at 25 ° C, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 mPa * s at 25 ° C, the dynamic viscosity according to Brookfield (with UL adapter). can be determined.
• the temperature of the first process step in which the molding compound is injected into the injection mold, depends in particular on the type of polymer and the additives from. These processing temperatures are known in the art. In general, the molding composition at a
• the subsequent cooling temperature of the tool in the first process step can likewise be set to the temperature customary for the respective molding compound.
• the molding compound can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 40 to 160 ° C, more preferably 60 to 120 ° C and most preferably 70 to 90 ° C, before the reactive mixture is injected into the intermediate space.
• Reactive mixture in the process step 4 is dependent on the type of thermal initiator.
• the thermal curing preferably at a temperature in the range of 60 to 180 ° C, preferably 70 to 160 ° C and most preferably in the range 80 to 140 ° C in the
• Injection mold takes place. If the temperature during thermal curing is too high, cracking may occur. At too low temperatures, the coating often shows too high adhesion to the metal of the injection mold, in some cases, the
• Scratch resistance can be improved by a higher temperature during thermal curing.
• the temperature of at least one part of the injection mold is increased to harden the reactive mixture. Surprisingly, this results in a hardening of the coating, without the molded body initially obtained adversely affected.
• the injection mold for curing the coating is only partially heated. According to a suitable modification
• injection mold as used herein is known in the art
• This part forms a cavity which can be filled with molding material. After cooling the
• the injection mold can be opened non-destructive, so that the resulting molded article from the
• the injection mold usually includes moving parts that allow such opening.
• the injection mold usually has a metal part, which comes into contact with the molding compound, so that this part or the surface of this part for the shaping of decisive
• injection mold is understood to mean, in particular, the shaping part, wherein this part consists of several parts
• the above-described heating means that the part of the injection mold which is in contact with the reactive mixture is heated as selectively as possible actively. This can be done in particular by induction, by current flow or by heating elements that are in contact with this part of the injection mold. That other parts of the injection mold by this heating by
• Heat transfer can also be heated is this is not relevant, as generally a
• Injection mold has a higher temperature than the surface of the injection mold, which is not in contact with the reactive mixture.
• the temperature of at least a part of the injection mold is at least 5 ° C, more preferably at least 10 ° C and most preferably at least
• Injection mold is in contact and this heated. When heated by induction or by the
• This information refers to the maximum temperature that the injection mold has.
• This temperature increase can preferably be achieved within a short period of time.
• This temperature increase can preferably take place within 1 minute, more preferably within 30 seconds and most preferably within 5 seconds. In this case, particularly short times are desired, but these are limited by the technical conditions.
• the temperature of at least a portion of the injection mold is changed by more than 10 ° C within 1 minute.
• Shaped body a temperature of at least 70 ° C.
• Reactive mixture is cured for a maximum of 1 min, more preferably 5 s after injection at a temperature of at least 100 ° C. These high temperatures, especially of the molded body to be coated, lead to a particularly strong adhesion of the coating on the molding.
• the injection mold or the surface of the injection mold, before, during or after the injection of the
• Be heated reactive mixture can be achieved in particular by starting the heating of the injection mold already before or during the injection of the reactive mixture.
• the maximum of the heating power, through which the surface of the injection-molded mold-facing surface is heated preferably within a range of the
• Time of the minimum temperature of the uncoated Shaped body starts and less than 3 seconds
• Injection of the reactive mixture can be achieved.
• this configuration it is surprisingly possible to obtain particularly low-crack surfaces on the moldings which are particularly easy to remove from the mold.
• the beginning and the rate of polymerization of the reactive mixture can be adjusted by the choice of the type and proportion of the thermal initiator and by the choice of the tool temperature.
• the onset of cure can be controlled by the choice of multifunctional (meth) acrylates contained in the reaction mixture. Plants, which in principle have a coating with a
• Pamphlets are included in this application. However, none of these plants are described in these documents, in which the temperature of at least a portion of the injection mold can be changed by more than 10 ° C within 1 minute. Such systems are disclosed in DE 102007051482. Preferably, the system allows a change in the temperature of at least part of the injection mold within 5 seconds by more than 10 ° C, more preferably more than 20 ° C. These embodiments are achieved, inter alia, that at least a part of the injection mold by
• the injection mold is connected.
• indirect methods are preferred.
• a ceramic heating element or a Peltier element is suitable.
• the injection mold may be heated by one or more of the methods set forth above.
• Peltier elements are electrothermal transducers which, when current flows through a temperature difference or at
• Peltier elements and Peltier coolers
• TEC Thermoelectric Cooler
• Ceramic heating elements comprise a ceramic that can be heated by current.
• Ceramic herein refers to inorganic materials, which may include, but are not limited to, oxides, nitrides and the like. examples for
• Injection mold is injected, to be equipped with a Peltier element.
• a Peltier element As a result, surprising advantages in terms of the service life of the system can be achieved. These can be achieved, in particular, by heating the side of the nozzle facing the injection mold and cooling the side of the nozzle away from the injection mold.
• the method according to the invention has a cooling via which at least part of the injection mold can be cooled.
• the cooling can in particular by known
• Coolant such as air, water or similar
• the coolant is passed through channels that run in the vicinity of the heated injection mold.
• the cooling channels can directly through the cooling channels
• Injection mold or be provided on the surface, which is arranged opposite to the surface of the injection mold, with which the plastic molded part is formed.
• In an indirect heating of the injection mold for example by ceramic elements or by
• Peltier elements can be coolant channels between the
• the coolant channels can run directly through the injection mold or on the surface be provided opposite to the surface of the
• Injection mold is arranged, with which the
• the reduced pressure is normally below the machine-related closing force.
• the coating from the reactive mixture is preferably embossed with a pressure between 20 and 100 bar, more preferably between 20 and 80 bar.
• the molding is characterized in particular by a high scratch resistance, for example, with a
• Friction wheel test can be determined.
• Coated, transparent moldings whose haze value for the non-structured areas after a scratch resistance test in accordance with ASTM 1044 (12/05) (run 500 g, number of cycles 100) are not more than 10%, particularly preferably not more than 6, are of particular interest % and most preferably increases by at most 3%.
• the decrease in gloss at 20 ° can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 2813.
• the moldings of the invention show excellent adhesion of the coating, which can be examined according to the cross-cut test.
• the coating is scratched crosswise and thereby divided into checkerboard-like individual segments.
• at least 20 individual segments, preferably at least 25 individual segments, are formed in this case.
• the distance between the lines is approximately 1 mm.
• a 25 mm wide adhesive tape is glued on and removed again.
• Removal force of the adhesive tape per cm 2 is approx. 10N per 25mm width.
• an adhesive tape available under the trade designation Type 4104 from Tesa may be used to carry out the experiment.
• coated moldings a rating according to the
• Shaped body if not significantly more than 5% of
• coated moldings a rating of 0.
• preferred coatings are free of cracks and show high chemical resistance.
• the coatings resist ethanol
• Preferred shaped bodies can have an E-modulus of greater than or equal to 1200 MPa, preferably greater than or equal to 1600 MPa according to ISO 527 (at 1 mm / min). Furthermore, moldings according to the invention can provide impact resistance
• plastics having tensile strengths greater than or equal to 55, preferably greater than or equal to 60, according to DIN 53 455-1-3 (at 1 mm / min) can be produced, which have excellent scratch resistance.
• the weathering stability according to the xenon test is preferably at least 1,000 hours, more preferably at least 2,000 hours. This stability can be achieved, for example, by a slight decrease in the transmission or by a slight decrease in the scratch resistance
• coated moldings whose transmission after 2000 hours xenon irradiation at most by 10%, more preferably by at most 5% decreases, based on the
• preferred coatings obtained with a coating composition of the present invention exhibit high durability in a cyclic change test with little cracking occurring in spite of a deformation of the base body.
• the coating composition of the present invention exhibit high durability in a cyclic change test with little cracking occurring in spite of a deformation of the base body.
• Nanostructures marked with the coating step are marked with the coating step.
• the scratch-resistant nanostructured moldings for example, give the human eye a shiny appearance
• Coating but are by the nanostructuring antiblendend.

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• 2010
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