EP2514871B1 - Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2514871B1
EP2514871B1 EP11003244.8A EP11003244A EP2514871B1 EP 2514871 B1 EP2514871 B1 EP 2514871B1 EP 11003244 A EP11003244 A EP 11003244A EP 2514871 B1 EP2514871 B1 EP 2514871B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compaction
asphalt
compacting
density
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP11003244.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2514871A1 (de
Inventor
Arnold Rutz
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Buschmann
Achim Eul
Ralf Weiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Joseph Voegele AG
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Joseph Voegele AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44595286&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2514871(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Joseph Voegele AG filed Critical Joseph Voegele AG
Priority to PL11003244.8T priority Critical patent/PL2514871T3/pl
Priority to EP11003244.8A priority patent/EP2514871B1/de
Priority to US13/445,305 priority patent/US9068295B2/en
Priority to JP2012091797A priority patent/JP5453482B2/ja
Priority to CN 201220166714 priority patent/CN202830716U/zh
Priority to CN201210115686.XA priority patent/CN102747673B/zh
Publication of EP2514871A1 publication Critical patent/EP2514871A1/de
Publication of EP2514871B1 publication Critical patent/EP2514871B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a positional temperature model of the site is generated and communicated to compaction equipment, to avoid that a compacting device then a position of the built-asphalt layer end-compacted, if there is a temperature range unsuitable for compaction in this position.
  • EP 0 733 231 B1 DE 694 16 006 T2
  • known method is a mobile compactor on built-in asphalt using a digitized target space model in Comparison with an also digitized actual place model out, in which nominal degrees of compression and actual degrees of compression are shown.
  • the respective actual degree of compaction is determined beforehand, eg by assessment.
  • the compactor travels over a test area to determine the compaction power and / or number of necessary crossings required for final compaction.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an economical and efficient method for installing an asphalt layer with which to achieve a uniform as possible high Endverdichtungsgrades in the installed asphalt layer the real compaction actually produced by the road paver for general operation optimization and monitoring on the site is better considered ,
  • the information required for economical and efficient operation of the at least one compaction device about the actual compaction degree generated by the compacting tools of the screed paver of the paver need not be estimated inaccurately or separately and only relatively late on the compacting device to be determined and evaluated, since they already at an early stage are available when working the paver.
  • the compaction apparatus Since, when installed with the screed, the actual degree of compaction achieved may change due to various factors, it is important that the compaction apparatus produce only the compaction power required to achieve the desired final compaction level during subsequent compaction at the particular position.
  • the compaction to the degree of final compaction takes place for example by a roller compaction, ie, for example by static Auflast- or vibration or Oszillationsverdichtung.
  • Compaction equipment such as asphalt rollers compresses two stages per crossing, as they have two drums or wheelsets.
  • rollers in contrast to the paver, usually overrun every position of the asphalt layer several times, so that it is of considerable advantage to carry out the final compaction exactly taking into account the actual compaction generated and communicated by the compaction tools of the screed.
  • the use of the material-density module makes it possible to optimize and monitor the operation of the road paver very efficiently, for example in a regulation that is closed by the actual degree of compaction generated, with regard to the compaction of the asphalt layer determined on the screed Operating parameters, eg automatically, to be changed and the result of the changes is immediately read off the actual degree of compaction. All in all, this greatly reduces the load on the paver, every compactor, and even in the mixing plant.
  • the material-density module procures the respective degree of compaction generated by at least one compaction tool of the screed, evaluates it, and thus provides meaningful information that is used for general operation optimization and / or monitoring, wherein either the Operation of the paver directly optimized and monitored, or the paver as the central producer of the asphalt layer peripheral accessories such as the compactor also in terms of their operational optimization leads (pull principle).
  • the material-density module provides the mixer with information that triggers alarms when the composition (recipe) and / or temperature limits of the asphalt material supplied to the paver are exceeded or undercut.
  • the mixing plant can then be the composition of the asphalt material, for example, in view of better processability and / or a different composition, promptly, ie, adjusted only with the delay caused by the supply chain to the paver.
  • a high-quality asphalt layer can be economically and efficiently installed, since the material-density module functions as a guiding component of a site management system.
  • Data on the actual degree of compaction can be obtained, evaluated and / or documented in real time if at least the actual compaction degree measuring devices, in particular probes, are installed on the screed and connected to the material density module.
  • a computing section determines the actual degree of compaction from the installed mass per built-in unit length, preferably taking into account the layer thickness and the installation width relatively accurately.
  • the calculation section may be part of the material density module, or may communicate with it remotely.
  • the material density module calculates the actual degree of compaction in a numerical way, in particular via at least one neural network.
  • the paver has a navigation system linked to the material-density module.
  • the actual degree of compaction determined by the material-density module can be combined at least with position data, preferably also with procured layer and / or time and / or temperature information, which is meaningful for the compaction device, for example can take into account an operational delay until final compression at the respective position in the adjustment of the compaction performance.
  • the material-density module is connected to a central computer, preferably a server, which, preferably, is stationary on the road paver or separated therefrom or placed mobile.
  • the material-density module preferably for optimizing the operation of the screed on the material-density module, operating parameters, such as at least frequency, stroke, pressure bars, Beauftschungstik, penetration depth and possibly even the heating power for the like.
  • the compaction tools at least taking into account the temperature of the asphalt material or the predetermined final degree of compaction. This operational optimization achieves a uniformly high, hardly fluctuating actual degree of compaction without appreciable load on the personnel, so that the compacting device only needs to apply less power or execute a few crossings.
  • At least one operating parameter of the paver such as at least the paving speed and / or the material throughput for screed and / or the distributor screw speed and / or performance is varied for optimizing the operation of the paver via the material density module, which is preferably taking into account Temperature of the supplied asphalt material and / or the predetermined final degree of compaction can be done. This in turn is advantageous in view of the fact that later the compactor only has to provide low compaction performance or has to perform only a few crossings in order to ensure as consistently as possible the desired degree of final compaction.
  • An in Fig. 1 schematically indicated system S for installing an asphalt layer D on a construction site includes, for example, an asphalt material mixer W, at least one paver F with at least one screed E, and at least one mobile compactor V. Between the mixer W and the paver F extends a Delivery line L for asphalt material A prepared in mixing plant W with a specific composition and / or temperature, which is transported via truck 3 and delivered by each truck directly to paver F, or using a feeder B moving in front of paver F At the construction site several road pavers F can be driven simultaneously and / or several compactors V.
  • the mixer W has feeders 1, 2 for producing a specific composition of the asphalt material A, which is filled with adjustable temperature and composition in the respective truck 3.
  • the delivered asphalt material A has a temperature which depends on, for example, the length of the delivery path L and / or the ambient conditions, and is filled either by the respective truck 3 or by the feeder B into a bunker 5 of the paver F. From the bunker 5, the asphalt material A is brought by a longitudinal conveyor 6 to the rear to a distribution screw 7, which is driven at adjustable speed and / or power, and the discarded asphalt material A across a leveling cylinder on the paver F adjustable screed E across distributed on the ground.
  • the road paver F has a navigation system 8, an electronic control 9 with, for example, a central computer Z, and an appropriate on-board material density module M, with the example of measuring devices such as probes 10 on the paver F and / or the screed E of the screed E real produced actual degree of compaction at a respective position in the asphalt layer D can be procured, evaluated and, for example, in the form of data can be documented.
  • the material-density module M is constituted, for example, by at least one electronic hardware module at a slot, for example in the controller 9 and / or the central computer Z and corresponding software.
  • the respective compactor V also has a navigation system 8, and may have an on-board compression management system K, for example.
  • the road paver F Using at least the, preferably electronic, material-density module M of the road paver F, its operation can be optimized and / or monitored and documented, since the respectively determined and procured actual degree of compaction on the screed gives information on how the screed E works, so that, for example, in a closed loop over the actual degree of compaction operating parameters of the screed E with respect to an optimal and / or desired work result can be varied.
  • Operating parameters of the road paver F can also be optimized, monitored and / or documented, such as the installation speed, the throughput rate of the longitudinal conveyor device 6 and / or the speed and / or performance and / or height adjustment of the transverse distribution screw 7.
  • Further operating parameters to be optimized such as the heat outputs of the asphalt layer D processing compaction tools in the screed E be that produce the respective actual degree of compaction at a certain position P of the asphalt layer D, or height adjustments of the leveling cylinder for the screed E.
  • Measurement devices can determine the temperature of the asphalt material delivered to the paver F and also such data at least to the material density module M, which also communicates with the navigation system 8 in order to combine the respectively determined actual degree of compaction of the asphalt layer D with position and / or time and / or layer and / or temperature information.
  • This allows the compactor V to inform in advance before this reaches the respective position P.
  • the compaction power required based on the actual degree of compaction be determined in advance, without any time pressure, so that the compactor V later just just generates the compaction power or executes number of crossings, starting from the actual degree of compaction to achieve the predetermined final degree of compaction are required.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the built-in asphalt layer D, which has a layer thickness 13, a paving width 14, and differently inclined portions 11, 12 on both sides of the center.
  • the asphalt layer D is installed by the road paver F and the screed E with a uniform over the installation width 14 actual degree of compaction, and is later densified by the compacting device V, the cross-sectional profile must be maintained as shown, and the compacting device may never end-densify positions in which there is a critical temperature range which does not ensure a final compression. This danger can be safely built up by the communicated information of the material density module M (also temperature information).
  • the screed E in Fig. 3 is a Ausziehbohle with a Grundbohlenteil 15 and laterally movable Ausziehbohlen 16, which allow a change in the installation width 14.
  • a screed E with an invariable paving width could be used (not shown).
  • the base board 15, as well as each Ausziehbohle 16, has a bottom side scarf plate 17, on which at least one operable with selectable speed Vibration device 18 is arranged so that the smoothing plate 17 operates as a compaction tool in a stage of the screed E.
  • a further compaction tool is a tamper having at least one tamper strip 19 with an eccentric drive 20 whose rotational speed and / or eccentricity (ie stroke) can be selected, the tamper 19 being in the installation direction (FIG. Fig. 3 from right to left) frontmost step and before the screed plate 17 is brought to act on the asphalt material A (two compacting tools 17, 19 or stages).
  • Fig. 4 Screed shown is also a Ausziehbohle with a base screed 15 and Ausziehbohlen 16, but could (not shown) also be a screed with fixed pave width.
  • a third stage with another compaction tool which here by at least one pressure bar 21 (here two consecutively) is constituted, which is operable via a hydraulic drive 22 with vertical pressure pulses and optionally adjustable acceleration and in Installation direction behind the screed plate 17 works.
  • at least one pressure bar 21 here two consecutively
  • the screed in Fig. 4 thanks to the at least one pressure bar 21, an actual degree of compaction of even approximately 98% can be generated, in practice, as a rule, however, the built-in asphalt layer D is still protected by at least one compacting device V (FIG. Fig. 1 ).
  • Fig. 5 schematically indicates a part of the construction site on which the paver, not shown, has installed the asphalt layer D, wherein the actual degree of compaction is determined and evaluated via the material density module M at the respective position P.
  • the different actual densities are indicated by different colorations 23, 24.
  • the compacting device V taking recourse to the data communicated by the material-density module M, moves to the respective positions P, only bringing the compaction power required there to reach the predetermined final compaction degree from the communicated actual compaction level.
  • Temperature information can also be supplied to the compression management system K for the respective positions P, for example.
  • actual degree of compactness measuring devices 10 may be, for example, distributed over the paving width probes, which are connected to transmit the Meßwertwert with the material density module M, and expedient measure the actual degree of compaction of each stage of the compaction tools 17, 19, 21 and communicate or after the last stage (screed plate 17 or pressure bar 21) present at the respective position P actual degree of compaction.
  • a plurality of probes can be provided transversely to the mounting direction to determine an average of the actual degree of compaction.
  • the actual degree of compaction can also be determined indirectly by tapping operating parameters of, for example, the compaction tools 17, 19, 21, for example via the stroke and frequency of the tamper 19, the frequency and power of the vibration device 18, or the hydraulic application pressure and / or the frequency the pressure pulses and / or the penetration depth and / or acceleration of each pressure bar 21, for example, based on the built-in per built-in unit length mass of asphalt material A.
  • the composition and optionally temperature of the supplied asphalt material is taken into account.
  • the respective actual degree of compaction can also be calculated numerically, for example via at least one neural network, for example, the central computer Z or Z 'can be used for calculations, and, suitably, the material density module M a not shown documentation module can be assigned, are documented and stored in the data and / or information.
  • the layer thickness 13 and the paving width 14 at the respective position P or on the built-in unit length is expediently taken into account, optionally in turn, taking into account the temperature of the asphalt material delivered to the paver F ,
  • the actual compaction levels obtained by the material density module M after each stage may be optimized, for example the installation speed, the throughput of the longitudinal conveyor 6 and / or the speed and / or power and / or height position of the transverse distributor auger 7 on the paver F, the angle of attack of the screed, for example, via the leveling cylinder, and possibly even the heating power of heaters of the compaction tools.
  • the actual degree of compaction after the first stage is, for example, a meaningful variable for largely keeping the angle of attack of the screed E, which is set via the leveling cylinder, not shown on the paver F and, inter alia, crucial for the flatness of the asphalt layer D.
  • the density of the asphalt material A changes during processing.
  • the asphalt material A has its bulk density after the mixing process, which changes slightly during transport in the supply chain L, before, starting from the bulk density of the screed, a multi-stage compression process takes place.
  • the subsequent final compression by the compactor V may be a static ballast, vibration or oscillation compaction.
  • Asphalt rollers densify in two stages per crossing, as they have two bandages (wheelsets), each roller being able to cover every position of the asphalt layer several times.
  • the temperature and the density or the present actual degree of compaction achieved up to the action of the respective compaction tool are important information. This information allows the operation of the compaction tools 17, 19, 21 read off, so to speak. Thus, e.g. in a closed loop over the actual degree of compaction, at least some of the above-mentioned operating parameters are changed until the result confirms or returns to a desired optimum.
  • This can be, for example, a relatively high and very uniform actual degree of compaction, so that the compacting device V only has to provide relatively little and as uniform a performance as possible.
  • the material density module M determines or procures the actual degree of compaction expediently after each stage and transmits this, for example, with position, layer, time and temperature information to the central computer Z or Z ', which is for example a server.
  • a documentation module can store the information of the material density module M.
  • the central computer Z of the paver F knows, since these data are provided for example via a construction site management system, the processed mass, for example, in kilograms / per meter or kilograms / square meter. Since the central computer Z also knows the layer thickness 13 and the installation width 14, can also these parameters are used to determine the respective actual degree of compaction.
  • the actual degree of compaction generated after the last compression stage is documented in a position-related manner using the navigation system (satellite navigation system G) and communicated to the respective compactor V, for example combined with the time, temperature or shift information.
  • the compression management system K can be used, for example for monitoring and documentation of Endverdichtungsgrades, the compactor V on the communicated data of the material density module M of the paver F, and only the required at the respective position P. Compaction power generated.
  • the compacting device V produces the indicated by the uniform coloring at 24 final compaction.
  • the final work results are, for example, also operating parameters and route information, the processed asphalt material, and the like., Where appropriate, as well as faults and the like, documented and verifiable.
  • the documented data can later be used on a different construction site with similar prerequisites to save time, at least for the basic setting of operating parameters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
EP11003244.8A 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht Revoked EP2514871B1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11003244.8T PL2514871T3 (pl) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Sposób wbudowywania I zagęszczania warstwy asfaltowej
EP11003244.8A EP2514871B1 (de) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht
US13/445,305 US9068295B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2012-04-12 System and method for laying down and compacting an asphalt layer
JP2012091797A JP5453482B2 (ja) 2011-04-18 2012-04-13 アスファルト層を敷き均し締固めるためのシステムおよび方法
CN 201220166714 CN202830716U (zh) 2011-04-18 2012-04-18 用于铺设和压实沥青层的系统
CN201210115686.XA CN102747673B (zh) 2011-04-18 2012-04-18 用于铺设和压实沥青层的系统和方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11003244.8A EP2514871B1 (de) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2514871A1 EP2514871A1 (de) 2012-10-24
EP2514871B1 true EP2514871B1 (de) 2016-05-11

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ID=44595286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11003244.8A Revoked EP2514871B1 (de) 2011-04-18 2011-04-18 Verfahren zum Einbauen und Verdichten einer Asphaltschicht

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9068295B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2514871B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5453482B2 (ja)
CN (2) CN102747673B (ja)
PL (1) PL2514871T3 (ja)

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PL2514871T3 (pl) * 2011-04-18 2016-12-30 Sposób wbudowywania I zagęszczania warstwy asfaltowej
CN103046459B (zh) * 2012-12-21 2014-10-22 中铁四局集团有限公司 一种应用毫米gps摊铺高精度路面的方法
DK3228981T3 (en) * 2014-03-18 2019-01-21 Moba Mobile Automation Ag Road finishing machine with layer thickness sensing device and method for recording the thickness of an applied material layer
DE102014005077A1 (de) * 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Wirtgen Gmbh Selbstfahrende Baumaschine und Verfahren zum Steuern einer selbstfahrenden Baumaschine
JP2018502312A (ja) * 2015-01-15 2018-01-25 トランステック システムズ、 インコーポレイテッド 車輌からの被試験材料の物理的性質の測定およびモニタ
CN104695309B (zh) * 2015-03-13 2016-08-17 哈尔滨理工大学 一种带有检测的道路压实机
EP3075909B1 (de) * 2015-03-30 2017-09-06 Joseph Vögele AG Strassenbaumaschine mit netzwerk zur datenübertragung und verwendung eines teils einer stromleitung
EP3124698B1 (de) 2015-07-28 2017-07-26 Joseph Vögele AG Strassenfertiger mit walzhinweisanzeigeeinrichtung
PL3214222T3 (pl) 2016-03-02 2018-10-31 Joseph Vögele AG Zestaw montażowy belki równającej i sposób jej eksploatacji
US10316476B2 (en) 2016-04-11 2019-06-11 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. Screed assembly for a paving machine
CN106596659B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2017-11-07 张志生 一种带有检测的道路压实机
US10228293B2 (en) * 2017-05-11 2019-03-12 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. Control system for determining temperature of paving material
GB2563640B (en) * 2017-06-21 2022-08-17 United Utilities Plc Pavement Reinstatement
US10280572B1 (en) 2017-11-07 2019-05-07 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. System for heating a paving screed
CN110275454A (zh) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-24 南京信息职业技术学院 一种振动压紧机构的过程自动控制方法
EP3564440B1 (de) * 2018-05-04 2022-03-23 Joseph Vögele AG Einbauzug
US10480131B1 (en) 2018-06-29 2019-11-19 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. System and method for controlling paving machine speed
CN108867272B (zh) * 2018-07-11 2020-11-10 岳西县双节路桥工程有限公司 一种道路用铺路装置
CN108920867B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2023-06-16 江苏瑞沃建设集团有限公司 一种沥青路面就地热再生施工方案多目标优化方法
EP3660598B1 (en) * 2018-11-30 2021-10-20 MOBA Mobile Automation AG Automatic application of local specification
US11536827B2 (en) * 2019-02-08 2022-12-27 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. Method for assessing the amount of rolling required to achieve optimal compaction of pre-rolled asphalt pavement
US11313086B2 (en) * 2019-12-16 2022-04-26 Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. Material density measurement for paver application
CN112083152B (zh) * 2020-08-27 2022-07-05 深圳市卓宝科技股份有限公司 一种模拟沥青铺设的测试方法
CN112853875B (zh) * 2021-01-11 2022-05-03 云南途睿建设工程有限公司 一种用于市政工程的沥青道路摊平装置
JPWO2022210978A1 (ja) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06
JP7000617B1 (ja) 2021-04-30 2022-01-19 世紀東急工業株式会社 アスファルトフィニッシャの速度管理システム及びアスファルトフィニッシャの速度自動制御装置
CN116008516A (zh) * 2023-02-21 2023-04-25 哈尔滨工业大学 一种基于智能集料的沥青路面压实临界阈值确定方法

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JP5453482B2 (ja) 2014-03-26
US20120263531A1 (en) 2012-10-18
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CN102747673B (zh) 2015-05-20
JP2012225153A (ja) 2012-11-15
US9068295B2 (en) 2015-06-30
CN202830716U (zh) 2013-03-27
PL2514871T3 (pl) 2016-12-30

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