EP2472555B1 - Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen, die eine Vielzahl von Magnetrons umfasst - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen, die eine Vielzahl von Magnetrons umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2472555B1
EP2472555B1 EP11306793.8A EP11306793A EP2472555B1 EP 2472555 B1 EP2472555 B1 EP 2472555B1 EP 11306793 A EP11306793 A EP 11306793A EP 2472555 B1 EP2472555 B1 EP 2472555B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonant
magnetron
cavity
anode
cavities
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EP11306793.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2472555A1 (de
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Jean-Pierre Brasile
Dominique Fasse
Patrick Sirot
Dominique Jousse
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H01J23/213—Simultaneous tuning of more than one resonator, e.g. resonant cavities of a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/22—Connections between resonators, e.g. strapping for connecting resonators of a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • H01J25/587—Multi-cavity magnetrons
    • H01J25/593—Rising-sun magnetrons

Definitions

  • Such devices for generating microwave waves are known ( GB 2052143 ) and are particularly used in radar systems.
  • the magnetron is a particular device for generating microwave waves for which the cathode is brought to a potential lower than that of the anode, and behaves as a source of electrons radially emitting electrons in the direction of the anode, in a central space between the cathode and the anode. Under the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field, the emitted electrons begin to rotate transversely between the cathode and the anode, which makes it possible to generate the microwave by interaction with the cavities of the magnetron.
  • the known devices are designed to generate microwave waves at a predetermined frequency, and it is impossible to change the frequency of the waves generated by a device without causing a phase shift magnetrons of said device between them, which causes a chaotic operation of the generation device.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide a microwave generating device of high power with optimized efficiency, adapted to allow extraction in phase on a large number of channels.
  • Another preferred objective of the invention is to be able, with the same generation device, to generate waves over a broad frequency spectrum.
  • the device 10 comprises two magnetrons 12, 14, arranged substantially parallel to each other and contiguous to one another, and a plurality of waveguides 24.
  • Each magnetron 12, 14 comprises a cathode 20 and an anode 22 surrounding the cathode 20.
  • the cathode 20 of the magnetron 12, respectively of the magnetron 14, extends along a longitudinal axis Z, respectively along a longitudinal axis Z ', from a first longitudinal end 30 to a second longitudinal end 32. It is preferably revolution about the longitudinal axis Z, Z '.
  • Each cathode 20 comprises an electron source 34 sandwiched between two frustoconical fingers 35A, 35B.
  • the electron source 34 is typically equidistant from the longitudinal ends 30, 32 of the cathode 20, formed at the opposite ends of the fingers 35A, 35B.
  • the electron source 34 is adapted to emit electrons. Typically, the electron source 34 is adapted to emit electrons under the effect of a strong electric field.
  • the electron source 34 is for example a tungsten cylinder or, as shown in pyrolytic carbon.
  • the cathode 20 is at a lower electric potential than the electric potential of the anode 22, so that there is an electric field between the cathode 20 and the anode 22, oriented from the cathode 20 to the anode 22.
  • the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14 surrounds the cathode 20 of the magnetron 12, 14.
  • the anode 22 extends substantially longitudinally, co-axially with the cathode 20. It has an inner surface 40, oriented towards the cathode 20 , delimiting a plurality of resonant cavities 42 distributed on the periphery of the anode 22, and an outer surface 44, opposite to the inner surface 40.
  • the anode 22 is formed of a conductive material, typically steel, graphite or copper.
  • the anode 22 is symmetrical with respect to a median radial plane, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis Z.
  • the electron source 34 is, as shown, located in the median radial plane of the anode 22.
  • the anode 22 comprises a cylindrical body 46 and a plurality of fins 48 extending radially towards the cathode 20.
  • the cylindrical body 46 defines the outer surface 44 and a portion of the inner surface 40.
  • the fins 48 project from the cylindrical body 46 inwardly of the anode 22 and define a portion of the inner surface 40.
  • the fins 48 are identical to each other.
  • Each cavity 42 opens into a substantially cylindrical central space 49 extending in the center of the anode 22.
  • the central space 49 extends substantially longitudinally.
  • the cathode 20 is disposed substantially in the center of the central space 49.
  • the plurality of resonant cavities 42 of each magnetron 12, 14 comprises a plurality of large resonant cavities 56 and small resonant cavities 54, alternately arranged around each other around the cathode 20.
  • the radial section of each small resonant cavity 54 is smaller than the radial section of each large resonant cavity 56.
  • the small 54 and large resonant cavities all have the same longitudinal length I.
  • Each large cavity 56 is delimited by two fins 48 and by the cylindrical body 46.
  • Each small cavity 54 is delimited inside a fin 48 by a radial opening opening facing the cathode 20.
  • the anode 22 thus presents a configuration of the type "rising sun” (in English “rising sun”). This configuration makes it possible to limit the risk of oscillations on parasitic frequencies, and thus to increase the efficiency of the device 10.
  • each large cavity 56 constitutes a resonant cavity 50 or outlet 52
  • each small cavity 54 constitutes an intermediate resonant cavity.
  • each magnetron 12, 14 comprises a single connection cavity 50 and a plurality of outlet cavities 52.
  • the cavities 42 are arranged such that the number of intermediate cavities 54 arranged between two consecutive connecting cavities 50 or 52 consecutive is equal for each pair of consecutive connecting cavities 50 or 52 consecutive.
  • connection of connection or outlet cavities it is understood both a pair consisting of a connection cavity 50 and an outlet cavity 52, or two connecting cavities 50, or two outlet cavities 52 .
  • connection cavity 50 comprises a main portion 50A delimited by the cylindrical body 46 and two fins 48, and a portion 50B of connection to the connection cavity 50 of the other magnetron 12, 14.
  • the connection portion 50B s extends from the main portion 50A towards the outside of the anode 22, through the cylindrical body 46, and opens into the outer surface 44.
  • the outlet portion 50B consists of a radial orifice formed in the cylindrical body 46 along an axis of radial symmetry of the cavity 50.
  • the inner surface 40 of the anode 22 defines an annular surface 51 of connection between the main portion 50A and the connecting portion 50B.
  • this annular surface 51 is curved at any point, that is to say that it has no edge or salient point, so as to avoid the risk of breakdown.
  • the connecting portion 50B has a constant cross section.
  • the connecting portion 50B has an increasing cross section from the inner face 40 to the outer face 44.
  • Each connecting portion 50B is symmetrical with respect to a median radial plane of the portion 50B.
  • the median radial plane of the portion 50B coincides with the median radial plane of the anode 22.
  • the connecting portion 50B of the connection cavity 50 of each magnetron 12, 14 is directly in contact with the connecting portion 50B of the connection cavity 50 of the other magnetron 12, 14.
  • the magnetrons 12, 14 are pushed against each other so that the outer surface 44 of each anode 22 is directly in contact with the outer surface 44 of the other anode 22, without an element being interposed between the two outer surfaces 44.
  • the connecting surface between the magnetrons 12, 14 is constituted by the outer surface 44 of the anode 22 each magnetron 12, 14.
  • Each outlet cavity 52 comprises a main portion 52A delimited by the cylindrical body 46 and two fins 48, and an output portion 52B.
  • the outlet portion 52B extends from the main portion 52A towards the outside of the anode 22, through the cylindrical body 46, and opens into the outer surface 44, facing a waveguide 24.
  • the outlet portion 52B consists of a radial orifice formed in the cylindrical body 46 along an axis of radial symmetry of the cavity 52.
  • the inner surface 40 of the anode 22 defines an annular surface 53 of connection between the main portion 52A and the outlet portion 52B.
  • this annular surface 53 is curved at any point, that is to say that it has no edge or salient point, so as to avoid the amplification of parasitic oscillation frequencies.
  • the output portion 52B has a constant cross section.
  • the outlet portion 52B has an increasing cross section from the inner face 40 to the outer face 44.
  • Each output portion 52B is symmetrical with respect to a median radial plane of portion 52B.
  • the median radial plane of the outlet portion 52B of each outlet cavity 52 coincides with the median radial plane of the outlet portion 52B of each other outlet cavity 52, and with the plane medial radial of the connecting portion 50B of the connection cavity 50.
  • No intermediate cavity 54 opens into the outer face 44.
  • each intermediate cavity 54 is identical to each other intermediate cavity 54.
  • the anode 22 includes a first portion 58 between the connecting cavity 50 and the outer surface 44, and a plurality of second portions 59, each between an outlet cavity 52 and the outer surface 44.
  • Each of said first 58 and second 59 parts is constituted by a portion of the cylindrical body 46 extending between two fins 48 consecutive.
  • the first part 58 is identical to each second part 59.
  • the behavior of the anode 22 vis-à-vis the electrons emitted by the electron source 34 is similar at the level of the connection cavity 50 as at the level of each outlet cavity 52.
  • each magnetron 12, 14 does not comprise any intermediate cavity 54, all the cavities 42 of the magnetron 12, 14 then being connection or output cavities 50.
  • the anode 22 also comprises two longitudinal closure rings 60 of the cavities 42. Each ring 60 thus delimits a longitudinal end of the anode 22.
  • the anode 22 of each magnetron, respectively 12, 14, is rotationally invariant by an angle 2 ⁇ / n around the longitudinal axis, respectively Z, Z ', where n is the number of connecting cavities or output 50, 52.
  • Each waveguide 24 extends from the outer surface 44 of the anode 22 of a magnetron 12, 14 towards the outside of said magnetron 12, 14.
  • each magnetron 12, 14 comprises first orifices 66 for fixing the magnetron 12, 14 to the other magnetron 12, 14.
  • Each first orifice 66 extends substantially radially from the outer surface 44, without opening into the magnetron 12, 14 the inner surface 40.
  • Each first orifice 66 is adapted to receive a screw or a pin for fixing the magnetrons 12, 14 to one another.
  • the generation device 10 also comprises flanges 62 connecting each waveguide 24 to the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14. Each flange 62 is adapted to maintain an end of a waveguide 24 in contact with each other. against the outer face 44 of an anode 22.
  • each anode 22 comprises second orifices 64 for fixing the flanges 62.
  • Each second orifice 64 extends substantially radially from the outer surface 44, without opening into the inner surface 40.
  • Each second orifice 64 is adapted to receive a second orifice 64. screw or pin fixing the flange 62 to the anode 22.
  • Each first orifice 66 is identical to each second orifice 64.
  • the generation device 10 also comprises devices 70 for adjusting the longitudinal length I of each resonant cavity 42 of each magnetron 12, 14.
  • the longitudinal length I of each resonant cavity 42 is defined between two longitudinal ends 74, 78 of the cavity 42.
  • Each adjusting device 70 comprises a first movable element 72 delimiting a first longitudinal end 74 of each resonant cavity 42 of a magnetron 12, 14, a second movable element 76 delimiting a second longitudinal end 78 of each cavity 42 of said magnetron 12, 14 , and means 80, 82 of longitudinal displacement of each movable element 72, 76.
  • each adjusting device 70 comprises a single movable element 72, 76, a longitudinal end 74, 78 of each cavity 42 then being defined by a ring 60.
  • the displacement means 80, 82 are adapted to move each movable element 72, 76 so that each resonant output cavity 52 remains symmetrical with respect to the median radial plane of its output portion 52B, and that the connection cavity 50 remains symmetrical relative to the median radial plane of its connecting portion 50B.
  • the displacement means 80, 82 are adapted to move each movable element 72, 76 so that each resonant cavity 42 remains symmetrical with respect to the median radial plane of the output portions 52B.
  • the displacement means 80, 82 are operable independently of one another, for independent movement of the movable elements 72,76.
  • each mobile element 72, 76 are typically formed by a plurality of screw-nut systems 84, each screw-nut system 84 comprising a screw 86 driven in rotation and collaborating with a tapping of one rings 60 to transform the rotational movement of the screw 86 into a translational movement thereof along the axis Z, Z '.
  • the screw 86 is integral in translation with the movable element 72, 76, so that the longitudinal translation of the screw 86 causes translation of the movable element 72, 76.
  • the longitudinal displacement means 80, 82 each comprise three screw-nut systems 84 distributed on the periphery of the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14, around the longitudinal axis Z, Z ', so that that the force is distributed homogeneously on each movable element 72, 76.
  • the longitudinal displacement means 80, 82 also comprise a system (not shown) for joint driving the three screws 86 in rotation, by a belt.
  • the screw-nut 84 systems are all driven simultaneously, which makes it possible to simultaneously vary the longitudinal length of each cavity 42.
  • the Figure 3 presents the movable element 72. It will be noted that the mobile element 76 is identical to the mobile element 72 and that the description given below is also valid for the mobile element 76.
  • the movable member 72 comprises a cylindrical base 90, extending longitudinally, and an end collar 92, extending radially outwardly from the base 90.
  • the base 90 and the collar 92 are integral with each other. the other and are preferably from matter.
  • the base 90 comprises a plurality of longitudinal arms 94 separated by longitudinal slots 96.
  • the arms 94 are adapted to engage in the cavities 42.
  • the slots 96 are adapted to receive the fins 48.
  • the collar 92 is made up of a plurality of panels 98. Each panel 98 is connected to an arm 94. Each panel 98 has a shape complementary to the radial section of a cavity 42. For each outlet cavity 52, the panel 98 associated with a shape complementary to the only main part 52A, of the cavity 52.
  • the generation device 10 also comprises a single focusing device 100, common to the two magnetrons 12, 14.
  • the focusser 100 is adapted to generate a longitudinal magnetic field in each magnetron 12, 14, to cause the rotation of the electrons emitted by the electron source 34.
  • the focusser 100 comprises, as shown, two Helmholtz coils 102 arranged parallel to each other, each coil 102 extending in a radial plane.
  • the focusser 100 extends around the assembly consisting of two magnetrons 12, 14, without a portion of the focuser 100 extends between the magnetrons 12, 14.
  • the generation device 10 is lightened, and the size of the device 10 is reduced.
  • the generating device further comprises a voltage source 110 between the cathode 20 and the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14.
  • the voltage source 110 is adapted to establish a negative potential difference between the cathode 20 and the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14.
  • each cathode 20 is electrically connected to the voltage source 110 by each of its longitudinal ends 30, 32 so that the electrical potential of each end 30, 32 is equal to the electrical potential of the other end 30. , 32.
  • the voltage source 110 is thus adapted to supply the cathode 20 with current by each of these longitudinal ends 30, 32.
  • the current flowing between the first end 30 and the source of electrons 34 generates a first transverse magnetic field in the central space 39, between the first end 30 and the electron source 34, while the current flowing between the second end 32 and the electron source 34 generates in the center.
  • central space 39, between the second end 32 and the electron source 34 a second transverse magnetic field in the opposite direction to the first magnetic field e transversal.
  • the voltage source 110 is preferably a DC voltage source, so that, in operation, the electrical potential of each end 30, 32 of the cathode 20 remains substantially constant.
  • the electrical impedance of the magnetron is between 45 and 55 ohms , and the yield is between 35% and 45%.
  • the voltage source comprises two branches (not shown) supplying an end of the cathode 20.
  • Each branch extends from the anode 22 to an end 30, 32 of the cathode 20.
  • each branch is electrically identical to the other branch that is to say that the electrical characteristics (impedance, inductance) of each branch are similar to the electrical characteristics of the other plugged.
  • the current flowing in each branch is substantially equal to the current flowing in the other branch, which allows the transverse magnetic fields to have substantially equal values to one another.
  • the voltage source 110 comprises two voltage generators 111, 112.
  • Each voltage generator 111, 112 comprises a first terminal 114 of electrical connection of a longitudinal end 30, 32 of the cathode 20 of a first magnetron 12, and a second terminal 116 of electrical connection of a longitudinal end 30, 32 of the cathode 20 of the second magnetron 14. These two terminals 114, 116 are at the same electrical potential as the other.
  • Each longitudinal end 30, 32 of the cathode 20 is electrically connected to the terminal 114 of a voltage generator 111, 112 via an elongated conduction pin (not shown) substantially longitudinally, co-axially with the cathode 20.
  • Each pin of conduction is isolated from the anode 22 by an insulating layer 118 the conduction pin.
  • Each insulating layer 118 is typically formed of high density polyethylene, or ceramic.
  • Each voltage generator 111, 112 is adapted to establish a negative potential difference between the potential of the anodes 22 and the potential of each terminal 114, 116.
  • Each voltage generator 111, 112 is adapted so that its terminal 114, or its terminal 116, is at the same electrical potential as the terminal 114, respectively the terminal 116, of the other voltage generator 111, 112.
  • the voltage source 110 is constituted by a single voltage generator establishing a voltage differential between two terminals, the two longitudinal ends 30, 32 of each cathode 20 being electrically connected to the same first terminal of said two terminals, the anode 22 of each magnetron 12, 14 being electrically connected to the other terminal of said two terminals.
  • each cathode 20 is connected to the voltage source 110, the other longitudinal end 30, 32 being typically defined by the electron source 34.
  • the device 10 comprises a voltage source specific to each magnetron 12, 14.
  • a voltage source specific to each magnetron 12, 14. it is possible to control the potential of the cathode 20 of a magnetron 12, 14 independently of the cathode 20 of the other magnetron 12, 14. This allows in particular to generate longer wave pulses, starting a magnetron 12, 14 during the stopping phase of the other magnetron 12, 14. This also makes it possible to accelerate the starting of one of the two magnetrons 12, 14 by starting it shortly after the other magnetron.
  • the voltage source 110 establishes a negative potential difference between the anode 22 and the cathode 20. This potential difference generates an oriented radial electric field of the cathode 20 towards the anode 22 and under the effect of which the source of electrons 34 emits electrons.
  • each magnetron 12, 14 is adapted to amplify a mode ⁇ of the radiofrequency wave, that is to say a wave mode such that two consecutive resonant cavities 42 oscillate in phase opposition. Due to the "rising sun” configuration of each magnetron 12, 14, the large cavities 56 thus oscillate all in phase with each other and the small cavities 54 also oscillate in phase with each other, each large cavity 56 oscillating in phase opposition with each small cavity 54.
  • the large cavities 56 forming the output cavities 52 of each magnetron 12, 14, the portion of the radiofrequency wave picked up at each waveguide 24 of each magnetron 12, 14 is thus in phase with the portion of the magnetron 12. wave captured at each other waveguide 24 of the magnetron 12, 14. It is thus particularly easy to summon said wave portions so as to reconstitute the radiofrequency wave without interference between the different wave portions and therefore without signal loss.
  • connection and output cavities 52 of each magnetron 12, 14 are identical to each other also contributes to increasing the efficiency of each magnetron 12, 14.
  • connection cavity 50 of each magnetron 12, 14 being constituted by a large cavity 56, oscillates in phase with each output cavity 52 of the magnetron 12, 14.
  • connection cavities 50 of the two magnetrons 12, 14 being directly in contact with each other through their connecting portions 50B, without connecting cavity interposed between the connecting cavities, the two connecting cavities 50 oscillate in phase with each other, whatever the wavelength of the radiofrequency wave.
  • each output cavity 52 of each magnetron 12, 14 also oscillates in phase with each output cavity 52 of the other magnetron 12, 14.
  • the adjustment devices 70 make it possible to vary the wavelength of the radiofrequency wave, by changing the longitudinal length I of the cavities 42.
  • each cavity 42 of the magnetron 12, 14 Since the adjustment device 70 of each magnetron 12, 14 comprises a single first element 72 to simultaneously move the first longitudinal end 74 of each resonant cavity 42, and a single second element 76 to simultaneously move the second end 78 of each cavity 42, each cavity 42 of the magnetron 12, 14 always has the same longitudinal length as each other cavity 42 of the magnetron 12, 14, which avoids the amplification of parasitic wavelengths which would reduce the efficiency of the magnetron 12, 14.
  • each resonant cavity 42 remains symmetrical with respect to the median radial plane of the anode 22, the amplitude of the portion of the radiofrequency wave picked up at each waveguide. wave 24 is maximum. The efficiency of the device 10 is thus improved.
  • first and second transverse magnetic fields of opposite directions, generated by the circulating currents in the cathode 20, make it possible to confine the electrons circulating in the central space 39 close to the median radial plane of the anode 22.
  • the cathode 20 comprises two portions 120, 121 independent and electrically insulated from each other.
  • a first portion 120 defines the first end 30 of the cathode 20, and a second portion 121 defines the second end 32 of the cathode 20.
  • Each portion 120, 121 comprises a cylindrical end section 122 full, and a perforated section 124.
  • the portions 120, 121 are arranged head to tail, and the perforated sections 124 are engaged one inside the other, so that they form together a perforated central section 125 of the cathode 20, and that each end section 122 defines a longitudinal end 30, 32, of the cathode 20.
  • the perforated section 124 of each portion 120, 121 comprises a plurality of bars 126 extending longitudinally from one longitudinal end of the end section 122 to the end portion 122 of the other portion 120, 121.
  • Each bar 126 is connected by a first end 126a with the end portion 122 of the portion 120, 121, the second end 126b of each bar 126 being free.
  • a gap 127 is formed between the free end 126b of each bar 126 and the end portion 122 of the other portion 120, 121 of the cathode 20.
  • Each bar 126 extends along the periphery of the anode 20, so that the bars 126 together and with the end sections 122 define an empty interior chamber 128. Each bar 126 defines a portion of the outer surface 130 of the cathode 20.
  • a window 132 extends between each pair of consecutive bars 126. Each window 132 opens into the outer surface 130 and into the inner chamber 128.
  • the portions 120, 121 are arranged so that their perforated sections 124 are interwoven, that is to say that each bar 126 of each pair of consecutive bars is part of a portion 120, 121 different from the portion 120, 121 which includes the other bar 126 of said pair of consecutive bars.
  • each bar 126 has a substantially trapezoidal radial section, the short side 134 of the trapezium being oriented towards the chamber 128 and the long side 136 being oriented outwards.
  • the two ends 30, 32 of the cathode 20 are electrically insulated from each other, which avoids the circulation of an electric current from one end 30, 32 to the other.
  • the interlaced arrangement of the bars 126 of each portion 120, 121 makes it possible, at a constant longitudinal magnetic field intensity, to increase the potential difference between the cathode 20 and the anode 22, which makes it possible to increase the power the wave generated by the device 10 while maintaining a generation device 10 reduced weight and bulk.
  • the two portions 120, 121 together constitute a so-called transparent cathode (in English "transparent cathode") which accelerates the start of the generation device 10, including faster access to a stable radio frequency wave generation regime than conventional cathodes.
  • the number of magnetrons is two. However, this number is not limiting, and the invention is also directed to devices for generating microwave waves comprising any number, greater than or equal to three, of magnetrons. In this case, some magnetrons have a number of resonant cavities with a connection greater than or equal to two, and these resonant connecting cavities are then identical to each other.

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Claims (10)

  1. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen, umfassend eine Vielzahl von Magnetronen (12, 14), wobei jedes Magnetron (12, 14) umfasst:
    - eine Kathode (20), die sich gemäß einer Längsachse (Z, Z') erstreckt, und
    - eine Anode (22), welche die Kathode (20) umgibt und eine Innenfläche (40) umfasst, die eine Vielzahl von Resonanzkavitäten (42) begrenzt, die gemäß ihrer Peripherie verteilt sind, wobei die Anode (22) ferner eine Außenfläche (44) gegenüber der Innenfläche (42) umfasst,
    wobei die Erzeugungsvorrichtung (10) ferner mindestens einen Wellenleiter (24) umfasst, wobei sich der oder jeder Wellenleiter (24) ab der Außenfläche (44) der Anode (22) eines Magnetrons (12, 14) nach außerhalb des Magnetrons (12, 14) erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl von Resonanzkavitäten (42) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) eine Vielzahl von Verbindungs-Resonanzkavitäten (50) oder mindestens eine Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) und mindestens eine Ausgangs-Resonanzkavität (52) umfasst, so dass:
    - jede Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) einen Verbindungsabschnitt (50B) mit einer Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) eines anderen Magnetrons (12, 14) umfasst, wobei der Verbindungsabschnitt (50B) in die Außenfläche (44) der Anode (22) ausmündet,
    - jede Ausgangs-Resonanzkavität (52) einen Ausgangsabschnitt (52B) umfasst, der in die Außenfläche (44) der Anode (22) gegenüber einem Wellenleiter (24) ausmündet,
    - jede Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) mit jeder anderen Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52) umfasst, mit jeder Ausgangs-Resonanzkavität (52) des Magnetrons (12, 14) identisch ist.
  2. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Magnetron (12, 14) eine Einstellvorrichtung (70) der Längslänge (I) jeder Resonanzkavität (42) umfasst, wobei die Längslänge (I) zwischen den Längsenden (74, 78) der Resonanzkavität (42) definiert ist, wobei die Einstellvorrichtung (70) mindestens ein bewegliches Element (72, 76) umfasst, das ein Längsende (74, 78) mindestens einer Resonanzkavität (42) definiert.
  3. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl von Resonanzkavitäten (42) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) eine Vielzahl von Übergangs-Resonanzkavitäten (54) umfasst, die zwischen den Verbindungs- (50) oder Ausgangs-Resonanzkavitäten (52) zwischengestellt sind, wobei keine Übergangs-Resonanzkavität (54) in die Außenfläche (44) der Anode (22) ausmündet, wobei die Anzahl der zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Verbindungs- (50) oder Ausgangs-Resonanzkavitäten (52) zwischengestellten Übergangs-Resonanzkavitäten (54) für jedes Paar aufeinanderfolgender Verbindungs- (50) oder Ausgangs-Resonanzkavitäten (52) gleich ist.
  4. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl von Resonanzkavitäten (42) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) comprend eine Vielzahl von kleinen Resonanzkavitäten (54) und eine Vielzahl von großen Resonanzkavitäten (56) umfasst, wobei der radiale Querschnitt jeder kleinen Resonanzkavität (54) kleiner als der radiale Querschnitt jeder großem Resonanzkavität (56) ist, wobei die großen Resonanzkavitäten (56) die Verbindungs-Resonanzkavitäten (50) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52) umfasst, die oder jede Ausgangskavität (52) darstellen, wobei die kleinen Resonanzkavitäten (54) die Übergangs-Resonanzkavitäten darstellen.
  5. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen einzigen Fokussierer (100) umfasst, um ein Längsmagnetfeld in jedem der Magnetrone (12, 14) zu erzeugen, wobei sich der Fokussierer (100) um die Gruppe der Magnetrone (12, 14) erstreckt.
  6. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenfläche (40) der Anode (22) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) eine Vielzahl von ringförmigen Verbindungsflächen (51, 53) zwischen dem Hauptabschnitt (50A, 52A) und dem Verbindungs- (50B) oder Ausgangsabschnitt (52B) jeder Verbindungs- (50) oder Ausgangskavität (52) definiert, wobei jede ringförmige Verbindungsfläche (51, 53) an jedem Punkt gekrümmt ist.
  7. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbindungsabschnitt (50B) jeder Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) in direktem Kontakt mit dem Verbindungsabschnitt (50B) einer anderen Verbindungs-Resonanzkavität (50) ist.
  8. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anode (22) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) durch Rotation in einem Winkel 2π/n um die Längsachse (Z, Z') der Kathode (20) des Magnetrons (12, 14) unveränderlich ist, wobei n eine Ganzzahl ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anode (22) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) mindestens einen ersten Teil (58) zwischen der oder jeder Verbindungskavität (50) und der Außenfläche (44) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52) umfasst, mindestens einen zweiten Teil (59) zwischen der oder jeder Ausgangs-Resonanzkavität (52) und der Außenfläche (44) umfasst, wobei der oder jeder erste Teil (58) mit dem oder jedem anderen ersten Teil (58) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52), mit dem oder jedem zweiten Teil (59) identisch ist.
  10. Vorrichtung (10) zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anode (22) jedes Magnetrons (12, 14) mindestens eine erste Befestigungsöffnung (66) des Magnetrons (12, 14) an einem anderen Magnetron (12, 14) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52) umfasst, mindestens eine zweite Befestigungsöffnung (64) eines Verbindungsflanschs (62) eines Wellenleiters (24) an der Anode (22) umfasst, wobei die oder jede erste Befestigungsöffnung (66) mit der oder jeder anderen ersten Befestigungsöffnung (66) und, wenn das Magnetron (12, 14) mindestens eine Ausgangskavität (52) umfasst, mit der oder jeder zweiten Befestigungsöffnung (64) identisch ist.
EP11306793.8A 2010-12-29 2011-12-28 Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen, die eine Vielzahl von Magnetrons umfasst Active EP2472555B1 (de)

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FR1005161A FR2970113B1 (fr) 2010-12-29 2010-12-29 Dispositif de generation d'ondes hyperfrequence comprenant une pluralite de magnetrons

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FR2970114B1 (fr) * 2010-12-29 2013-04-05 Thales Sa Dispositif de generation d'ondes hyperfrequence ayant une cathode dont chaque extremite est raccordee a une source de tension
FR3027161B1 (fr) * 2014-10-09 2017-05-12 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de generation de rayonnements electromagnetiques haute puissance
JP2017111955A (ja) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 東芝ホクト電子株式会社 マグネトロン
CN111900066B (zh) * 2020-07-15 2024-06-04 清华大学 磁控管

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GB709129A (en) * 1951-07-13 1954-05-19 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to magnetrons
GB721967A (en) * 1952-05-20 1955-01-19 Raytheon Mfg Co Improvements in or relating to magnetrons
NL7109134A (de) * 1971-07-02 1973-01-04
GB2052143B (en) 1979-06-22 1983-04-27 Dodonov J Microwave device of the magnetron type
US4636749A (en) * 1979-08-13 1987-01-13 Brunswick Corporation Pulsed magnetron tube having improved electron emitter assembly

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FR2970113B1 (fr) 2013-04-05
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FR2970113A1 (fr) 2012-07-06

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