EP0248689A1 - Mehrstrahlklystron - Google Patents

Mehrstrahlklystron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248689A1
EP0248689A1 EP87401023A EP87401023A EP0248689A1 EP 0248689 A1 EP0248689 A1 EP 0248689A1 EP 87401023 A EP87401023 A EP 87401023A EP 87401023 A EP87401023 A EP 87401023A EP 0248689 A1 EP0248689 A1 EP 0248689A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
klystron
cavities
mode
beams
klystrons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP87401023A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Duc Tien Tran
Georges Faillon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0248689A1 publication Critical patent/EP0248689A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multi-beam klystrons.
  • Multibeam klystrons are well known in the art; in the description of Figures 1 and 2 the principle of these klystrons and their structure will be recalled.
  • the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and a cathode of the klystron is much lower in a klystron with multiple beams than in a klystron with a single beam.
  • the need to modulate the speed of the electron beam imposes on this acceleration voltage the same upper limit from which the beam is no longer modular. Consequently, one can obtain with a multibeam klystron a much higher high frequency power than that which can be obtained with a klystron with a single beam.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce klystrons with multiple beams, of very high power, and at frequencies very high.
  • a klystron with multiple beams comprising several resonant cavities, is characterized in that these cavities are dimensioned in such a way that the klystron works, optimally, in TM On mode (n: whole number greater than 1) and in that the sliding tubes of the klystron pass through the cavities passing through a region where, even in the absence of these tubes, the electric field would pass through an absolute maximum.
  • the klystrons with several beams are perfected klystrons for which we seek at the same time compactness, high efficiency while using only a low accelerating voltage.
  • the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and the cathode is therefore divided by the factor N 2/5 .
  • the acceleration voltage is divided by 6 2/5 , that is to say substantially by a factor of 2.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a klystron with several beams.
  • This tube comprises an electron gun with cathodes which bear the reference 1 and an anode which bears the reference 2.
  • This anode is pierced with holes arranged opposite the cathodes.
  • This klystron has four resonance cavities 3 which are used to modulate the beams in speed.
  • Sliding tubes 4 connect the cavities to each other and ensure sealing.
  • the resonance cavities 3 are of the re-entering type. They interact with the electromagnetic field excited in these cavities, by an external source, not shown in the case of the first cavity which is closest to the electron gun, or by these beams themselves in the following cavities.
  • the beams are focused by a set of coils 5, arranged around the cavities 3. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that two shielding plates 6 have been placed on either side of the coil set 5, made of magnetic material, for example soft iron. These plates are pierced with holes of diameter very close to those of the beams, so as to allow the passage of the beams of the electron guns into the cavities then from the cavities to the collector 7.
  • FIG. 1 two electron beams 8 and 9 are shown.
  • These plates 6 are equipotential surfaces from a magnetic point of view and contribute to creating along the tube a magnetic field as constant as possible.
  • the shielding plate 6 located on the side of the barrels makes it possible to prevent the leakage field of the coils from reaching the cathodes.
  • this shielding plate 6 carries include a bulge 10 directed towards the cathodes.
  • a cylinder 11 made of magnetic material is attached to this shielding plate 6. This cylinder 11 is connected to other parts 12, which are made of ceramic, for reasons of insulation.
  • an anode 2 made of magnetic material can be used to perfect the shielding of the cathodes.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along the direction AA ⁇ shown in Figure 1.
  • the klystron of Figure 1 has six sliding tubes 4, so has six electron beams.
  • the ends of a cavity 3 have been shown, but the focusing device has not been shown.
  • the sliding tubes are arranged in a circle centered on the longitudinal axis XX ⁇ of the tube.
  • the angular difference between the tubes is constant.
  • the electric field has an identical configuration, in each cavity, between the parts of the sliding tubes which face each other.
  • the multi-beam klystrons known from the prior art always operate in TM01 mode, that is to say at the lowest frequency.
  • FIG. 3 shows the variation of the longitudinal electric field E z , after the introduction of sliding tubes, in a cavity when one moves along an axis r, which shares the cavity in its middle and which is perpendicular to the axis longitudinal XX ⁇ of the klystron, as shown in Figure 1.
  • This field presents two maxima located in the interaction space separating the sliding tubes as it is understood by considering FIG. 4, where we have represented, schematically, and in correspondence with FIG. 3, the distribution of electric and magnetic fields in a cavity, section view.
  • the field E z has a single maximum which is situated on the axis XX ⁇ and the sliding tubes are placed as close as possible to this maximum to avoid disturbing the field; they however disturb the field since they cannot, because of their number and their dimensions be placed according to XX4.
  • the multiple beam klystrons according to the invention operate in TM02 mode.
  • the whole klystron, and the cavities in particular, are sized so that the klystron works optimally in TM02 mode.
  • the modification of the dimensions of the cavities necessarily involves modifications of the other parts of the klystron, such as for example the cathodes or the focusing device.
  • the cavities resonate at a frequency at least twice as high as in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
  • Figures 5 and 6 established in the case of a klystron with multiple beams operating in TM02 mode, correspond to Figures 3 and 4 established in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
  • FIG. 5 therefore represents the variations of the longitudinal electric field E z along the axis r, both before and after the introduction of the sliding tubes into the cavity.
  • FIG. 6 represents the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields in a cavity seen in section.
  • the longitudinal electric field E z has two maxima along the axis r, that is to say that the field is maximum in a region in the shape of a cylinder of axis XX ⁇ ; the sliding tubes pass through the cavity passing through this region, that is to say passing where the electric field is as constant as possible.
  • the magnetic field is practically zero, which is favorable for maintaining the trajectories of the electron beams in the right direction.
  • the axes YY ⁇ and ZZ ⁇ of the sliding tubes are relatively more distant from the axis XX ⁇ than in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
  • the sliding tubes are therefore relatively further apart from one another in the case of operation in TM02 mode. It is therefore possible to increase the diameter of their orifice through which an electron beam propagates, which makes it possible to increase in power.
  • the TM02 mode facilitates the realization of klystrons with multiple beams compared to TM01 mode.
  • this invention is not limited to the case of a klystron operating in TM02 mode but can extend to all TM 0n modes, with n integer greater than 1; the sliding tubes will then be placed in the area of an absolute maximum (ie of a maximum positive or negative value) of the electric field as is the case described with the TM02 mode.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP87401023A 1986-05-30 1987-05-05 Mehrstrahlklystron Ceased EP0248689A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8607825A FR2599554A1 (fr) 1986-05-30 1986-05-30 Klystron a faisceaux multiples fonctionnant au mode tm02
FR8607825 1986-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0248689A1 true EP0248689A1 (de) 1987-12-09

Family

ID=9335848

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401023A Ceased EP0248689A1 (de) 1986-05-30 1987-05-05 Mehrstrahlklystron

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4733131A (de)
EP (1) EP0248689A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2599554A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440529A1 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und Gruppen von zugrenzenden Topfkreisen
EP0764339A2 (de) * 1995-03-28 1997-03-26 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. HOHLSTRAHLELEKTRONENRÖHRE MIT TM OxO? RESONATOREN WOBEI x GRÖSSER IST ALS 1
EP2491570A1 (de) * 2009-10-21 2012-08-29 Omega-P, Inc. Niedrigspannungs-mehrstrahlen-klystron
CN110797243A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-14 电子科技大学 一种嵌套式同轴发射异步电子注的电子光学系统

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2625836B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons pour tube electronique
FR2637122A1 (fr) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-30 Thomson Csf Dispositif correcteur de trajectoires pour tube electronique
US4910456A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-03-20 Asea Brown Boveri Inc. Electronic watt-hour meter with combined multiplier/integrator circuit
FR2658001B1 (fr) * 1990-02-02 1996-08-14 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfrequence multifaisceau a sortie coaxiale.
GB2292001B (en) * 1994-08-03 1998-04-22 Eev Ltd Electron beam tubes
FR2737340B1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1997-08-22 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau a couplage cavite/faisceau ameliore
US5811943A (en) * 1996-09-23 1998-09-22 Schonberg Research Corporation Hollow-beam microwave linear accelerator
FR2756970B1 (fr) * 1996-12-10 2003-03-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfrequence a interaction longitudinale a cavite a sortie au dela du collecteur
US5932972A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-08-03 Litton Systems, Inc. Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron
FR2764730B1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Canon electronique pour tube electronique multifaisceau et tube electronique multifaisceau equipe de ce canon
FR2780809B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 2003-11-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau avec champ magnetique de correction de trajectoire des faisceaux
FR2803454B1 (fr) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Generateur d'impulsions hyperfrequences integrant un compresseur d'impulsions
US6847168B1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2005-01-25 Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron using magnetic focusing with a magnetic field corrector
US6856081B2 (en) * 2002-07-09 2005-02-15 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for magnetic focusing of off-axis electron beam
JP4991266B2 (ja) * 2006-12-11 2012-08-01 株式会社東芝 マルチビームクライストロン
US8975816B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2015-03-10 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Multiple output cavities in sheet beam klystron
US8547006B1 (en) 2010-02-12 2013-10-01 Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron with magnetic compression of the electron beams
US9013104B1 (en) * 2013-04-22 2015-04-21 Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. Periodic permanent magnet focused klystron
US9819320B1 (en) 2016-04-21 2017-11-14 The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Coaxial amplifier device
CN106997838B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2018-05-18 电子科技大学 一种采用同轴谐振腔及多电子注的毫米波扩展互作用器件

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2305884A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron beam concentrating system
US2500944A (en) * 1942-07-21 1950-03-21 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
EP0121294A2 (de) * 1983-01-26 1984-10-10 Fujitsu Limited Leistungsverteilungs- oder Kombinierungsgerät vom Typ gekoppelter Hohlraumresonatoren

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3278793A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-10-11 Gen Electric Multiple-beam r.f. apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2305884A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron beam concentrating system
US2500944A (en) * 1942-07-21 1950-03-21 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
EP0121294A2 (de) * 1983-01-26 1984-10-10 Fujitsu Limited Leistungsverteilungs- oder Kombinierungsgerät vom Typ gekoppelter Hohlraumresonatoren

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440529A1 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und Gruppen von zugrenzenden Topfkreisen
FR2658000A1 (fr) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-09 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfrequence multifaisceau a groupes de cavites adjacentes.
US5235249A (en) * 1990-02-02 1993-08-10 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Multiple-beam microwave tube with groups of adjacent cavities
EP0764339A2 (de) * 1995-03-28 1997-03-26 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. HOHLSTRAHLELEKTRONENRÖHRE MIT TM OxO? RESONATOREN WOBEI x GRÖSSER IST ALS 1
EP0764339A4 (de) * 1995-03-28 1998-07-01 Communications & Power Ind Inc HOHLSTRAHLELEKTRONENRÖHRE MIT TM OxO? RESONATOREN WOBEI x GRÖSSER IST ALS 1
EP2491570A1 (de) * 2009-10-21 2012-08-29 Omega-P, Inc. Niedrigspannungs-mehrstrahlen-klystron
EP2491570A4 (de) * 2009-10-21 2014-07-16 Omega P Inc Niedrigspannungs-mehrstrahlen-klystron
CN110797243A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-14 电子科技大学 一种嵌套式同轴发射异步电子注的电子光学系统
CN110797243B (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-10-09 电子科技大学 一种嵌套式同轴发射异步电子注的电子光学系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4733131A (en) 1988-03-22
FR2599554A1 (fr) 1987-12-04

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