EP0122186B1 - Mikrowellenerzeuger - Google Patents

Mikrowellenerzeuger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0122186B1
EP0122186B1 EP84400613A EP84400613A EP0122186B1 EP 0122186 B1 EP0122186 B1 EP 0122186B1 EP 84400613 A EP84400613 A EP 84400613A EP 84400613 A EP84400613 A EP 84400613A EP 0122186 B1 EP0122186 B1 EP 0122186B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electron beam
magnetic field
resonance structure
generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400613A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0122186A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Mourier
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/80—Material per se process of making same
    • Y10S505/801—Composition
    • Y10S505/802—Organic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/869—Power supply, regulation, or energy storage system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator of radio waves for microwaves, more particularly a generator of millimeter and infra-millimeter waves of the maser type with cyclotron resonance.
  • generators of this type we know in particular generators called gyrotrons.
  • an electron beam from an electron gun propagates along helical paths, being guided by a uniform magnetic field directed along the axis of the helix.
  • the beam then crosses an electromagnetic cavity resonating at a frequency f o close to a multiple of the cyclotronic frequency, cavity in which the transverse speed components of the electrons interact with a transverse electric field component of the wave to give them their energy. .
  • the beam propagates essentially parallel to the magnetic field.
  • the parallel velocity component v // therefore corresponds to an energy unused in the interaction.
  • the present invention therefore aims to remedy this drawback by presenting a new generator of the maser type with cyclotron resonance in which the parallel speed component of the electrons can be equal to zero or substantially equal to zero.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a microwave generator for microwave frequencies based on a cyclotronic type interaction between an electron beam propagating between an electron gun and a collector and a high frequency electromagnetic field in a resonant structure in which the electron beam travels along a cycloidal trajectory in a transverse magnetic field under the effect of a drift speed created by a continuous electric field.
  • the resonant structure consists of two electrodes facing each other between which the electron beam passes transversely, the two electrodes being brought to different continuous potentials and being, at least in their central part, spaced apart by a distance H, slightly greater than n A / 2, n being an integer and X the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.
  • the present invention relates to a new manifold for this type of generator.
  • the collector consists of a curved reflector brought to the potential of the upper electrode of the resonant structure and positioned in the extension of the lower electrode.
  • the embodiment of the microwave radio wave generator represented in FIG. 1 essentially consists of an electron gun 1 providing a beam of electrons moving under the effect of a continuous electrostatic field.
  • E c perpendicularly " to a constant magnetic field B, in the direction x, along a cycloidal trajectory, of a structure 2 resonating at a frequency f o equal to a multiple of the cyclotronic frequency and of a collector assembly 3 for receiving and remove the electrons from the resonant structure.
  • the electron gun 1 is an electron gun of the type described in the patent application in the name of the applicant filed on the same day as the present application and having for title "electron gun for generators of radio waves for microwave frequencies" . It essentially comprises two electrodes facing each other, one of which, namely the anode 10 is brought to a positive potential while the other, namely the hearth 11 is brought to a negative or zero potential and a cathode 12 brought to the potential of the sole and located in its plane.
  • the anode 10 and sole 11 have a curved profile diverging from the left to the right in Figure 1, so that the DC electric field E E created between the two electrodes 10, 11 decreases in this direction.
  • the electron beam 13 animated by a cycloidal movement in the direction x is then sent into a resonant structure 2.
  • This structure 2 is constituted by two electrodes 20, 21 facing each other, brought to different continuous potentials ensuring between the electrodes the existence of a continuous electric field E c .
  • This structure contains high frequency electromagnetic energy corresponding to an oscillation at a frequency f o close to a multiple of the cyclotronic frequency f c . So that the waves of frequencies f o can oscillate in the resonant structure, the distance H between the two electrodes 20, 21 is chosen so as to be at least in the central part of the plates, slightly greater than a whole number of half-length waves.
  • the length L of the electrodes is chosen to be equal to a few wavelengths, their dimension according to the magnetic field B depending on the corresponding dimension of the anode which can be large compared to the other dimensions.
  • the injection and evacuation of the electron beam into and out of the resonant structure 2 is carried out using elements of the sliding tube type 22, 23 having a height h such that: so as to avoid any unwanted resonance.
  • This collecting part 3 consists of a curved reflector 30 which extends the lower electrode 21 of the resonating structure and which is brought to the potential of the upper electrode 20 of said structure.
  • This reflector 30 collects electromagnetic energy and radiates it in a substantially vertical direction in FIG. 1, towards a transparent vacuum-tight window which has not been shown in this figure.
  • the magnetic field B is obtained using two superconductive coils B 1 and B 2 arranged according to Helmholz's rule and located inside two drums T 1 and T 2 filled with liquid helium.
  • the two drums T, and T 2 are connected by a hollow tube Ci which also contains the electrical connections between the two coils.
  • the whole is supplied with liquid helium and electric current by a tube C 2 .
  • the electron gun-resonant structure-collector assembly described above with reference to FIG. 1 are contained in a metal enclosure E.
  • This enclosure comprises, in the mode of illustrated embodiment, four isolated outputs E ,, E 2 , E 3 , E4 connected respectively to the cathode, to its heating filament, to the anode and possibly to the sole or to the negative part of the resonant structure.
  • the transparent window F On the upper part of the enclosure is placed the transparent window F, preferably circular, allowing the radiation to exit.
  • the enclosure E is placed between the two drums T l and T 2 so that the electron beam propagates parallel to the drums, namely in the direction x.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a section parallel to the plane zoy in the middle part of the resonant structure 2, illustrating a particular embodiment of the input and output circuits of the signal to be processed.
  • the electron beam propagates in the direction x with a drift speed V D and orbits of axis z between the two electrodes 20, 21 which contain the electromagnetic energy.
  • the electrode 21 is movable, which allows the height H to be adjusted as a function of the oscillation frequency f o such that
  • the electromagnetic energy is transported in the z direction in the form of a traveling wave excited in the desired mode by an external high frequency source.
  • This wave passes through the input window 26 then is adapted to the impedance of the resonant cavity formed by the two electrodes 20, 21 via a horn 24.
  • the amplified wave is then sent in a guide not shown leading for example to an antenna, via a horn 25 and a window 27.
  • the collector 3 is constituted by a reflector closed on the upper part of the resonant structure.
  • the amplifier described above has the disadvantage of being reciprocal with respect to the input and the output, that is to say that it is electrically symmetrical with respect to the direction of propagation and also amplifies the signals. reflected towards the entry of the tube due to an always imperfect adaptation in the exit guide.
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment making it possible to remedy this drawback.
  • the electrodes 20 and 21 are offset by an angle a with respect to the direction x so that the electrons accelerated by the gun in the direction x 'also have a component of drift in the direction z equal at VD sin a.
  • the electromagnetic field remaining uniform in the x direction but varying in phase according to an expression of the cos type (wt - kz + cp), the resonance condition is no longer given by but by (I being the order of the harmonic of the interacting cyclotron frequency).
  • the electrodes are preferably made of copper and the windows of a dielectric material.
  • the generators according to the present invention functioning as a gyrotron, therefore have the same applications as the generators of the prior art for millimeter waves. They can be used in particular for heating in plasma installations, radar transmission, telecommunications, etc.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Generator für radioelektrische Mikrowellen auf der Basis einer Wechselwirkung zyklotronischer Art zwischen einem Elektronenstrahl, der von einer Elektronenkanone (1) zu einem Kollektor (3) verläuft, und einem elektromagnetischen Hochfrequenzfeld in einer schwingenden Struktur (2), wobei der Elektronenstrahl (13) sich gemäß einem zykloidalen Weg in einem Quermagnetfeld (B) unter dem Einfluß einer von einem elektrischen Gleichfeld (Ec) erzeugten Driftgeschwindigkeit verschiebt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schwingende Struktur (2) von zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Elektroden (20. 21) gebildet wird, zwischen denen der Elektronenstrahl quer hindurchverläuft, wobei die beiden Elektroden auf unterschiedliche Gleichpotentiale gebracht sind und mindestens in ihrem zentralen Bereich einen gegenseitigen Abstand H besitzen, der geringfügig größer als n X/2 ist, wobei n eine ganze Zahl und X die der Resonanzfrequenz entsprechende Wellenlänge ist.
2. Generator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingangs- und Ausgangsvorrichtungen für den Elektronenstrahl in der schwingenden Struktur (2) von Elektroden (22, 23) gebildet werden, die auf jeder Seite die Elektroden (20, 21) verlängern und einen Abstand h voneinander besitzen, derart, daß
Figure imgb0012
3. Generator nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kollektor (3) von einem gekrümmten Reflektor gebildet wird, der auf das Potential der oberen Elektrode (20) der schwingenden Struktur gebracht ist und in der Verlängerung der unteren Elektrode (21) dieser Struktur liegt.
4. Generator nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Hochfrequenzwelle im Fall einer Verwendung als Verstärker parallel zum Magnetfeld B eingespeist wird.
5. Generator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fortpflanzungsrichtung des Elektronenstrahls in einer zu den Elektroden der schwingenden Struktur parallelen Ebene um einen Winkel a bezüglich der Senkrechten zum Magnetfeld B versetzt ist.
EP84400613A 1983-04-06 1984-03-27 Mikrowellenerzeuger Expired EP0122186B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8305602A FR2544129B1 (fr) 1983-04-06 1983-04-06 Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequences
FR8305602 1983-04-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0122186A1 EP0122186A1 (de) 1984-10-17
EP0122186B1 true EP0122186B1 (de) 1987-05-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400613A Expired EP0122186B1 (de) 1983-04-06 1984-03-27 Mikrowellenerzeuger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4585965A (de)
EP (1) EP0122186B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59205133A (de)
DE (1) DE3463986D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2544129B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2625836B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons pour tube electronique
FR2672730B1 (fr) * 1991-02-12 1993-04-23 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif convertisseur de modes et diviseur de puissance pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comprenant un tel dispositif.

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744913A (en) * 1956-05-08 Process for the manufacture of tetra-
FR987573A (fr) * 1949-04-05 1951-08-16 Csf Tube à champ magnétique constant pour la production d'ondes cention?riques et millimétriques
NL159777B (nl) * 1951-02-16 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een bekledingslichaam van een verbrandingskamer.
US3189785A (en) * 1960-04-25 1965-06-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pre-interaction cycloidal beam deflection in crossed-field tube
US3249792A (en) * 1961-04-10 1966-05-03 Varian Associates Traveling wave tube with fast wave interaction means
US3271618A (en) * 1963-10-28 1966-09-06 Litton Prec Products Inc Depressed collectors for crossed field travelling wave tubes
US3378718A (en) * 1966-06-02 1968-04-16 Raytheon Co Crossed-field traveling wave electron reaction device employing cyclotron mode interaction
US4087718A (en) * 1976-05-06 1978-05-02 Varian Associates, Inc. High gain crossed field amplifier
US4200820A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-04-29 Varian Associates, Inc. High power electron beam gyro device
US4207495A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-06-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Means for improving the collector efficiency of an emitting sole crossed field amplifier
US4189660A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Electron beam collector for a microwave power tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2544129A1 (fr) 1984-10-12
JPS59205133A (ja) 1984-11-20
DE3463986D1 (en) 1987-07-02
FR2544129B1 (fr) 1986-01-17
EP0122186A1 (de) 1984-10-17
US4585965A (en) 1986-04-29

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