EP0124395B1 - Elektronenstrahlerzeuger für Mikrowellengeneratoren - Google Patents

Elektronenstrahlerzeuger für Mikrowellengeneratoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0124395B1
EP0124395B1 EP84400614A EP84400614A EP0124395B1 EP 0124395 B1 EP0124395 B1 EP 0124395B1 EP 84400614 A EP84400614 A EP 84400614A EP 84400614 A EP84400614 A EP 84400614A EP 0124395 B1 EP0124395 B1 EP 0124395B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electron
cathode
electrodes
base electrode
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400614A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0124395A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Mourier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0124395A1 publication Critical patent/EP0124395A1/de
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/075—Magnetron injection guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electron gun for generators of radio waves for microwaves. It relates more particularly to an electron gun providing an electron beam propagating along cycloidal paths intended for use in microwave generators of the masers type with cyclotron resonance.
  • cyclotronic resonance masers such as gyrotrons
  • a beam of electrons coming from an electron gun propagates along helical paths while being guided by a uniform magnetic field directed along the axis of the helix.
  • the beam then crosses an electromagnetic cavity resonating at a frequency f o close to a multiple of the cyclotronic frequency, cavity in which the transverse speed components of the electrons interact with a transverse electric field component of the wave to give them their energy.
  • the beam propagates essentially parallel to the magnetic field. Now the interaction taking place with the transverse velocity component vL of the electrons, the parallel velocity component v // therefore corresponds to an unused energy.
  • electron guns of the type comprising a conical cathode, and a conical axial anode subjected to an axial magnetic field, used in cyclotron resonance masers such as gyrotrons, are not suitable.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of electron gun capable of providing an electron beam propagating along a cycloidal trajectory in a transverse magnetic field under the effect of a drift speed due to a continuous electric field. with specific characteristics.
  • an electron gun for generators of radio waves for microwave frequencies of the type comprising a so-called sole electrode being at a negative or zero potential and an anode, produced by plates facing each other and brought to two different potentials of so as to create between them a continuous electric field as well as a cathode positioned in the extension of the hearth and brought to the same potential as the latter, the cathode injecting an electron beam into the space between the hearth and the anode, the assembly being subjected to a magnetic field transverse to the directions of the beam and of the electric field characterized in that, in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, at least one of the electrodes has a divergent profile relative to the other electrode so the distance between electrodes is increasing from the catode to the outside of the barrel so as to provide an electron beam propagating along a cyclic path o ⁇ dal whose arches tighten under the effect of a speed of drift of the electrons lower than the speed of rotation.
  • the electron gun according to the present invention is constituted by a cathode 1 and by two electrodes 2, 3 brought to different potentials so as to create between these two electrodes 2, 3 a continuous electric field E c .
  • the electrode 2 called the sole is brought to a negative or zero potential while the electrode 3 called the anode is brought to a positive potential V.
  • the cathode 1 is located in the extension of the sole 2 and is brought to the same potential as this electrode.
  • This cathode 1 comprises for example a filament 4 connected to a voltage so as to obtain, during the heating of the cathode, the emission of electrons.
  • one of the electrodes namely the anode 3 in the embodiment of Figure 1
  • the two electrodes can be produced using copper plates, one of which has been suitably profiled.
  • the profile of the curved electrode is chosen so that the angle a formed by said profile with the median plane of the electrodes is such that the distance between the two electrodes varies little over a length corresponding to twice the radius of Larmor r L.
  • the whole of the electron gun is subjected to a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to the plane of the figure, of which a few lines of force are represented by crosses.
  • This magnetic field is created, for example, from two superconductive coils positioned on either side of the electrodes 2, 3 according to the Helmholz control. For the purpose of simplification, these coils have not been shown in the drawing.
  • the anode 3 must therefore have, relative to the cathode, a potential at least 4 times greater than the energy of rotation of the electrons which is usable in the cyclotronic interaction.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the electron gun of the present invention.
  • the sole 2 ' has a curved profile symmetrical to that of the anode 3 with respect to the median plane. This particular shape gives a drift in a constant direction along the median plane.
  • FIG. 3 represents an alternative embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the cathode 1 is positioned in the extension of the sole 2 but in a plane forming an angle between -45 ° and -180 ° relative to the plane sole 2.
  • the anode is then extended by a curved profile so as to cover the cathode.
  • the starting speed of the electrons is in the opposite direction to the drift speed, which makes it possible to reduce the potential difference to be applied between the anode 3 and the cathode 1.
  • the electron guns according to the present invention can be used not only in the new types of cyclotron resonance masers mentioned in the introduction but also in microwave tubes requiring injection of an electron beam according to a cycloidal trajectory.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. ElektronenkanonefürMikrowellengeneratoren, mit einer Basiselektrode (2), die sich auf negativem oder Nullpotential befindet, und einer Anode, die von einander gegenüberliegenden und auf zwei unterschiedliche Potentiale gebrachten Platten gebildet werden, so dass sich zwischen ihnen ein elektrisches Gleichfeld ausbildet, sowie mit einer Kathode (1), die in der Verlängerung der Basiselektrode (2) liegt und auf dasselbe Potential wie diese gebracht ist, wobei die Kathode einen Elektronenstrahl in den Raum zwischen der Basiselektrode und der Anode sendet und die ganze Anordnung einem Magnetfeld ausgesetzt ist, das sowohl zur Strahlrichtung als auch zur Richtung des elektrischen Gleichfelds quer verläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der zum Magnetfeld senkrechten Ebene mindestens eine (3) der Elektroden ein divergierendes Profil bezüglich der anderen Elektrode besitzt, derart, dass der Elektrodenabstand von der Kathode (1) nach aussen hin zunimmt, so dass ein Elektronenstrahl erzeugt wird, der sich in Zykloidform fortpflanzt, wobei die Zykloidbögen unter dem Einfluss einer Elektronendriftgeschwindigkeit enger werden, die niedriger als die Drehgeschwindigkeit ist.
2. Elektronenkanone nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Basiselektrode (2) und die Anode (3) bezüglich ihrer Mittelebene symmetrisch verlaufen.
3. Elektronenkanone nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt aus der zwischen den beiden Elektroden (2,3; 21, 3) anliegenden Potentialdifferenz AV und der Elektronenladung e mindestens viermal grösser als die Rotationsenergie Wr der Elektronen, ausgedrückt in Elektronenvolt, ist.
4. Elektronenkanone nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anode (3) oberhalb der Basiselektrode angeordnet ist und dass die Kathode (1) in der Verlängerung der Basiselektrode (2) nach unten gemäss einer Ebene liegt, die einen Winkel zwischen -45° und -180° mit der Ebene der Basiselektrode (2) einschliesst, so dass den Elektronen eine zur Driftgeschwindigkeit entgegengerichtete Anfangsgeschwindigkeit verliehen wird.
EP84400614A 1983-04-06 1984-03-27 Elektronenstrahlerzeuger für Mikrowellengeneratoren Expired EP0124395B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8305603 1983-04-06
FR8305603A FR2544127B1 (fr) 1983-04-06 1983-04-06 Canon a electrons pour generateurs d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequences

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0124395A1 EP0124395A1 (de) 1984-11-07
EP0124395B1 true EP0124395B1 (de) 1988-01-27

Family

ID=9287566

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400614A Expired EP0124395B1 (de) 1983-04-06 1984-03-27 Elektronenstrahlerzeuger für Mikrowellengeneratoren

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4563615A (de)
EP (1) EP0124395B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6041734A (de)
DE (1) DE3469101D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2544127B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2519184A (en) * 1983-03-21 1984-09-27 Miles Laboratories Inc. Microdroplet dispensing apparatus
FR2625836B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons pour tube electronique
JP2893457B2 (ja) * 1989-07-11 1999-05-24 栄胤 池上 高輝度電子ビーム発生方法
FR2672730B1 (fr) * 1991-02-12 1993-04-23 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif convertisseur de modes et diviseur de puissance pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comprenant un tel dispositif.
WO2008068806A1 (ja) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-12 Photon Production Laboratory, Ltd. Ｒｆ電子銃
US8581526B1 (en) * 2010-08-28 2013-11-12 Jefferson Science Associates, Llc Unbalanced field RF electron gun

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR984020A (fr) * 1949-02-04 1951-07-02 Csf Tube à propagation d'onde à champ magnétique transversal dont le ranport à la valeur critique est variable le long de la ligne à retard
FR1034831A (fr) * 1951-03-29 1953-08-03 Csf Tube à propagation d'onde à champ magnétique transversal à grand gain
FR1037956A (fr) * 1951-05-31 1953-09-24 Csf Canon à électrons pour tube à décharge à champs électrique et magnétique croisés
US2890037A (en) * 1954-11-10 1959-06-09 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for continuously cooling metal strips
US2924741A (en) * 1954-11-27 1960-02-09 Alfven Hannes Olof Gosta High frequency electron tube device
US2890372A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave amplifiers
US3189785A (en) * 1960-04-25 1965-06-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pre-interaction cycloidal beam deflection in crossed-field tube
US3271618A (en) * 1963-10-28 1966-09-06 Litton Prec Products Inc Depressed collectors for crossed field travelling wave tubes
JPS4921458B1 (de) * 1963-10-29 1974-06-01
US3378718A (en) * 1966-06-02 1968-04-16 Raytheon Co Crossed-field traveling wave electron reaction device employing cyclotron mode interaction
US3504222A (en) * 1966-10-07 1970-03-31 Hitachi Ltd Slow-wave circuit including meander line and shielding therefor
US3694689A (en) * 1971-02-24 1972-09-26 Tektronix Inc Electron beam deflection apparatus
GB1364531A (en) * 1971-09-07 1974-08-21 Khotina A V Av and others electron beam generator
US4207495A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-06-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Means for improving the collector efficiency of an emitting sole crossed field amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0443371B2 (de) 1992-07-16
DE3469101D1 (en) 1988-03-03
FR2544127B1 (fr) 1985-12-13
JPS6041734A (ja) 1985-03-05
US4563615A (en) 1986-01-07
FR2544127A1 (fr) 1984-10-12
EP0124395A1 (de) 1984-11-07

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