EP0000672A1 - Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält. - Google Patents

Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000672A1
EP0000672A1 EP78400028A EP78400028A EP0000672A1 EP 0000672 A1 EP0000672 A1 EP 0000672A1 EP 78400028 A EP78400028 A EP 78400028A EP 78400028 A EP78400028 A EP 78400028A EP 0000672 A1 EP0000672 A1 EP 0000672A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonant structure
resonant
electron beam
diameter
generator according
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP78400028A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000672B1 (de
Inventor
René Le Gardeur
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a generator of metric or decimetric electromagnetic waves, constituted by a resonant structure coupled to a tubular beam of electrons in helical orbits.
  • This generator is based on an interaction between on the one hand a tubular electronic beam, to which a cyclotronic movement is printed using a static magnetic field, and on the other hand an electromagnetic field of azimuthal distribution established in a resonant structure. , at a frequency close to the cyclotron frequency of the electrons.
  • Such an interaction is already known per se, but only when the electron beam is coupled to the electromagnetic field of a resonant cylindrical or spherical cavity. It is described, for example, in an article by R. Le Gardeur published in the reports of the 5th International Congress on Tubes for Microwave, Paris, September 14-18, 1964, pages 522 to 526.
  • the resonant mode used in the interaction described in this article is of the TE 011 type (for electric transverse) in cylindrical geometry. It is identified by three indices m, n, p which characterize the distribution of the field respectively according to the polar angle ⁇ , the radius r, and the ordinate z counted along the axis.
  • the electric field which corresponds to it n ' has only a tangential component E ⁇ , the radial and axial components being zero and this tangential component is independent of ⁇ , it undergoes only an alternation along a radius and that an alternation along the axis .
  • This mode is called "azimuth" or in magnetic dipole.
  • the Bessel function is equivalent to so that the tangential component of the field is expressed by the approximate relation: which shows that for z fixed, the field believes as r in the vicinity of the axis.
  • these parameters satisfy the relationship: where D is the diameter of the cavity, L its length and ⁇ the wavelength.
  • Figure 1 shows the variation of D / X as a function of L / D taken as a variable. It appears that the diameter D is always of the order of several wavelengths and, in any case, greater than or 1.22 times the wavelength.
  • the cavity When the operating range of the electronic tube is in the range of centimeter waves, the cavity therefore has a diameter of the order of 5 to 10 cm, which does not pose any particular problem. But at 30 cm wavelength (i.e. 1000 MHz frequency), the diameter of the cavity is already at least 36 cm and at 3 m (150 MHz), the diameter takes a value of 360 cm which is prohibitive in most applications.
  • the length L naturally follows analogous variations. It therefore becomes excluded to use such cavities for the generation of decimetric or metric waves, so that the generators of the type described in the publication cited above are ill-suited to the production of metric or decimetric waves.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely a generator of this type, which does not have this drawback in that its dimensions are smaller than those of a generator which would use a cylindrical cavity for the same resonant frequency.
  • the structure further comprises a cylindrical outer shield.
  • each sector is preferably connected to the external shielding by supports of adjustable length.
  • the entire structure can be surrounded by a sealed envelope; but, in an advantageous variant, only the inner cylindrical part comprises such a sealed envelope. It must then have low dielectric losses at microwave frequencies.
  • Figure 1 already has. essentially been analyzed. It may be added, for comparison, that the overall diameter of a resonant structure according to the invention is of the order of the operating half-wavelength, so that, if a ratio is taken D / ⁇ of 1.22 for cylindrical cavities, '.e diameter reduction factor, when passing from cylindrical structures of the prior art to structures according to the invention, is of the order of 2.5 . This factor can be higher in certain cases for less energetic electron beams, as will be seen better later.
  • FIG. 2 The structure forming part of the generator of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. It comprises a plurality of circular cylindrical sectors 2 separated by capacitive openings 4. This structure is for example made of copper or brass.
  • the electric field lines 6 are represented in this figure for the fundamental azimuth mode. In the vicinity of the axis, the electric field is purely azimuth and includes only one component E ⁇ . In the capacitive openings, the field is normal to the walls. Between these extreme zones, the distribution is more complex. It can be calculated according to the classical method which consists in solving the Maxwell equations taking into account the angular periodicity of the structure. Such a calculation is outside the scope of this description, but we can refer to the classic works which deal with this kind of problem and in particular to the work already cited where the distribution of the field in the interaction space of a magnetron where the symmetry is of the same order.
  • the axial zone of the structure is of an inductive character and that the peripheral zone is of a capacitive character.
  • the structure radiates electromagnetic energy. If we want to completely suppress this radiation in order to obtain a maximum overvoltage, we can surround the structure with a shield 8, as illustrated in FIG. 3. In this case, the presence of this blin dage or these additional walls changes the resonant frequency of the structure.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates a particular embodiment in which the sectors are held by supports 10 connected to the shielding and having a variable length.
  • these supports consist of a screw 12, accessible from the outside, which engages in a small column 14; but other systems may be suitable.
  • These supports 10 can be of conductive or insulating material.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is to allow the variation of the internal diameter of the resonant structure, and the modification of the width of the zone. capacitive, allowing the operator to adjust the resonant frequency of the structure.
  • the only way to vary the resonant frequency of a cylindrical cavity is practically to act on the position of a movable ceiling. But it is not possible to do so here, because the axis of the cavity must be left free to access. The possibility of varying the diameter of the resonant structure then takes on its full interest.
  • the structure of the invention constitutes the resonant circuit of an electronic tube, it is necessary that the space where the electrons and the field interact is maintained under high vacuum.
  • This space is the axial zone of the structure, where the field has a pure azimuthal distribution.
  • the structure comprises, in accordance with the representation of FIG. 4, a tube 16 made of impervious material having low dielectric losses at the frequencies of use. It may in particular be a tube made of ceramic material.
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents the essential elements of the VHF or UHF generator of the invention.
  • the generator of FIG. 5 comprises a resonant structure 20, crossed by a tubular beam of electrons 22, animated by a helical movement, an outer envelope 24 shielding, a coupling goat 26, oriented perpendicular to the high frequency magnetic field lines, and a coaxial line 28 connected to the members of use.
  • the dimensions of the resonant structure and, in particular, the internal diameter have largely determined by the diameter of the tubular electron beam.
  • the internal diameter of the structure must be, at a minimum, of the order of twice the diameter of the electron tube bundle.
  • the latter is a function of the acceleration potential of the electrons in the barrel which precedes the interaction zone. This potential is at most of the order of 40 kV, this yes gives the beam a diameter of the order of ⁇ / 8.
  • the diameter of the resonant structure is of the order of X / 4.
  • the assembly has an overall diameter of the order of ⁇ / 2. If we compare this value to that of cylindrical cavities, which is at least 1.22 ⁇ , we see that there is a ratio of at least 2.5 to the benefit of the structure of the invention, which is the result announced above.
  • the dimension ratio reaches 3.5. It can be further increased at low frequencies (VHF) when the shielding diameter is chosen to be less than twice the inside diameter of the structure.

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EP78400028A 1977-06-27 1978-06-21 Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält. Expired EP0000672B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7719619A FR2396407A1 (fr) 1977-06-27 1977-06-27 Generateur d'ondes metriques et decimetriques
FR7719619 1977-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000672A1 true EP0000672A1 (de) 1979-02-07
EP0000672B1 EP0000672B1 (de) 1981-09-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP78400028A Expired EP0000672B1 (de) 1977-06-27 1978-06-21 Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4225806A (de)
EP (1) EP0000672B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2861052D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2396407A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0013242A1 (de) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-09 Thomson-Csf Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz
EP0372975A2 (de) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-13 Varian Associates, Inc. Auskoppler zum direkten Abzweigen der RF-Leistung aus einem Gyrotronhohlraum in einen Grundmodenwellenleiter

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4362968A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Slow-wave wideband cyclotron amplifier
US4513223A (en) * 1982-06-21 1985-04-23 Varian Associates, Inc. Electron tube with transverse cyclotron interaction
US4550271A (en) * 1983-06-23 1985-10-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Gyromagnetron amplifier
US4596967A (en) * 1983-12-29 1986-06-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy High power microwave generator
US4679197A (en) * 1985-03-13 1987-07-07 Ga Technologies Inc. Gyro free electron laser
US5604402A (en) * 1995-01-31 1997-02-18 Litton Systems, Inc. Harmonic gyro traveling wave tube having a multipole field exciting circuit
DE102009005200B4 (de) * 2009-01-20 2016-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Strahlrohr sowie Teilchenbeschleuniger mit einem Strahlrohr
CN102917529B (zh) * 2012-10-24 2016-01-13 中国科学院近代物理研究所 螺旋型多间隙高频谐振装置及聚束和加速方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR74742E (fr) * 1958-03-31 1961-01-16 Siemens Ag Tube à champ progressif avec guide d'ondes
DE1110326B (de) * 1954-02-10 1961-07-06 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Elektronenroehre zur Erzeugung oder Verstaerkung kurzer elektrischer Wellen
FR1476656A (fr) * 1966-01-26 1967-04-14 Thomson Varian Structure à retard à hyperfréquences
US3363138A (en) * 1964-11-04 1968-01-09 Sperry Rand Corp Electron beam-plasma device operating at multiple harmonics of beam cyclotron frequency
US3389347A (en) * 1966-09-08 1968-06-18 Army Usa Microwave noise generator
US3391349A (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-07-02 Forsvarets Forsknings Microwave oscillator having a delay line surrounding the interaction chamber
DE1278612B (de) * 1960-09-21 1968-09-26 Siemens Ag Rauscharme, mit Magnetfeld arbeitende parametrische Ablenkverstaerkerroehre

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420342A (en) * 1943-03-18 1947-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency continuous amplifier
US3175163A (en) * 1959-10-01 1965-03-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Crossed field cyclotron wave parametric amplifier
US3158779A (en) * 1959-10-03 1964-11-24 Nippon Electric Co Traveling-wave electronic microwave interaction guide devices
NL280220A (de) * 1961-06-27
US3457450A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-07-22 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1110326B (de) * 1954-02-10 1961-07-06 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Elektronenroehre zur Erzeugung oder Verstaerkung kurzer elektrischer Wellen
FR74742E (fr) * 1958-03-31 1961-01-16 Siemens Ag Tube à champ progressif avec guide d'ondes
DE1278612B (de) * 1960-09-21 1968-09-26 Siemens Ag Rauscharme, mit Magnetfeld arbeitende parametrische Ablenkverstaerkerroehre
US3363138A (en) * 1964-11-04 1968-01-09 Sperry Rand Corp Electron beam-plasma device operating at multiple harmonics of beam cyclotron frequency
US3391349A (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-07-02 Forsvarets Forsknings Microwave oscillator having a delay line surrounding the interaction chamber
FR1476656A (fr) * 1966-01-26 1967-04-14 Thomson Varian Structure à retard à hyperfréquences
US3389347A (en) * 1966-09-08 1968-06-18 Army Usa Microwave noise generator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONICS EXPRESS, vol. 5, nr. 8, 1963, New York, A. Ia. IASHKIN: "Electromagnetic waves in waveguides with a cross-shaped cross section", pages 7 à 11 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0013242A1 (de) * 1978-12-29 1980-07-09 Thomson-Csf Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz
EP0372975A2 (de) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-13 Varian Associates, Inc. Auskoppler zum direkten Abzweigen der RF-Leistung aus einem Gyrotronhohlraum in einen Grundmodenwellenleiter
EP0372975A3 (de) * 1988-12-09 1991-04-24 Varian Associates, Inc. Auskoppler zum direkten Abzweigen der RF-Leistung aus einem Gyrotronhohlraum in einen Grundmodenwellenleiter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2396407B1 (de) 1980-07-25
DE2861052D1 (en) 1981-11-26
EP0000672B1 (de) 1981-09-09
US4225806A (en) 1980-09-30
FR2396407A1 (fr) 1979-01-26

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