EP0013242A1 - Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz - Google Patents

Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013242A1
EP0013242A1 EP79401065A EP79401065A EP0013242A1 EP 0013242 A1 EP0013242 A1 EP 0013242A1 EP 79401065 A EP79401065 A EP 79401065A EP 79401065 A EP79401065 A EP 79401065A EP 0013242 A1 EP0013242 A1 EP 0013242A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
frequency
generator
coupled
resonant
axis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79401065A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0013242B1 (de
Inventor
Georges Mourier
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
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Publication of EP0013242B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013242B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio wave generator for the microwave domain. It relates more particularly to a generator operating at the top of this field, namely over a few tens of gigahertz, that is to say in millimeter and submillimetric waves.
  • the electrons are produced by a device which imparts to them a speed component directed transversely to this axis.
  • This device is generally an electron gun whose cathode has the shape of a ring and produces a hollow cylindrical beam.
  • the high frequency electric field it consists of the electric component of the electromagnetic field prevailing inside resonant volumes placed on the beam path, all along it, and coupled to the latter.
  • the electrons progress along the axis on spiral trajectories and its capable on the last part of their path to give up radioelectric energy on the frequency of the electromagnetic field or on a multiple of it thanks to the high frequency alternating components formed within the beam in the first part of the path.
  • the radioelectric energy produced on this frequency is collected in one or more charges coupled to the last resonant volume.
  • the subject of the invention is a millimeter wave generator of the type to which reference has been made above, using a longitudinal magnetic field and a high frequency electric field whose lines of force are arranged transversely to it. ci, to reduce the difficulties reported.
  • the generator of the invention is divided into two successive sections along the axis.
  • the first that by which between the beam, the resonant volumes have a resonant frequency equal to the cyclotronic frequency of the electrons in the magnetic field B.
  • these volumes are fed at high frequency, by a wave at the cyclotronic frequency f.
  • the second section which resonates at a multiple or harmonic frequency nf of the latter (n being the rank of the harmonic), has leu the energy sampling.
  • the generator of the invention therefore appears as a system with two sections, one, accelerator, in which a high frequency field on the frequency f communicates energy to the electrons, and the other, collector, from which is taken a part of the energy of these electrons.
  • the device of the invention is, in other words, as a generator on the frequency nf to which a low frequency accelerator f has been incorporated.
  • the advantage of transferring energy to the electron beam at this low frequency lies in the fact that these transfers generally have a higher efficiency at low frequency.
  • the applied magnetic field has an intensity corresponding to the cyclotronic frequency f c and, therefore, is also reduced compared to that which the frequency nf would require.
  • the resonant volumes of the two sections can, in the context of the invention, be integral parts of a single resonant enclosure.
  • the single resonant volume is chosen so as to present space harmonics of large amplitude on the desired operating frequency.
  • a resonant volume is used, for example, a waveguide of the type known at microwave, resonating on the cyclotron frequency, and the cross section of which has been deformed so as to favor the presence of these harmonics in the configuration. of the electromagnetic field that prevails there.
  • Such a guide is therefore of the type of one of those used in microwave; it has a regular section whose dimensions are large relative to the wavelength of the wave to be generated.
  • Figure 1 (a, b, c,) shows some of the shapes with high amplitude space harmonics on the frequency nf in the case of a circular guide: the lines with the arrows represent the lines of force of the field electric with a high value component on harmonics 3 and 5 in TE 10 mode.
  • the beam propagates in this guide, under the action of a high continuous voltage applied between the cathode by which it is produced and an anode placed in front.
  • this high voltage provides it with part of its energy, longitudinal, the other, transverse, being supplied to it by the high frequency electric field prevailing in the waveguide in which it propagates beyond.
  • a guide which is itself at the voltage of this anode, with which it forms an equipotential space into which the beam is introduced by various means known in the art, and which will not be mentioned. He describes there, in the operating conditions, a spiral trajectory whose radius increases as the beam progresses and it acquires energy.
  • This trajectory follows a generally conical surface, of revolution around the axis of the system, the direction of which coincides with that of the magnetic field. tick. It can be likened to a series of successive circular turns, whose radius increases, roughly, linearly as a function of the abscissa on the axis, and each described in a time equal to the cyclotronic period in field B.
  • This trajectory must remain entirely within the waveguide.
  • the guide used to be able to operate at the cyclotronic pulsation ⁇ c that is to say the value of this radius corresponding to the cut-off at this frequency, and the radius r of the trajectory of the electrons at their maximum energy.
  • W its energy gain on its trajectory
  • t represents the relativistic factor, equal to the ratio of the speed, here entirely transverse, of the electron, to that of light.
  • n 3
  • the ratio 2 ⁇ is equal to 1.238, while that corresponding to radius a, i.e. 2 ⁇ is worth 1,841.
  • the radius of the guide is therefore much larger than the maximum radius of the path.
  • the guide is then deformed to obtain the space harmonics on the pulsation n ⁇ c in it.
  • the wave generator of this variant of the invention is presented according to the general diagram of FIG. 2.
  • An electron beam 1 is directed along the axis XX of a waveguide 20 whose section 2, circular in the example has the two extensions, of rectangular section, 3 and 4, diametrically opposite. These lateral volumes preferentially guide a harmonic of the frequency of the guide in TE 10 mode; the field lines of the electrical component on the mode in question are represented by the arrows.
  • a magnetic field B (arrow) is directed longitudinally along the axis XX of the guide.
  • An oscillator excites the guide at the pulsation ⁇ c , will equal the cyclotronic pulsation of the electrons of the frisceau in the magnetic field B.
  • This oscillator 7 is coupled to the guide by the antenna 5, which has been schematized by its loop.
  • a second antenna, shown diagrammatically at 6, makes it possible to collect the power generated in the guide at the frequency n ⁇ c .
  • the start of the path of the beam 1 has been shown within the limits of the drawing, showing the first turns thereof; antenna 6, placed at the level of the last of them, should be placed further away, as will be seen in a numerical example.
  • the electron beam is produced by a gun which comprises a cathode 10, circular, a Pierce electrode 12, and an anode 14 accelerating the beam.
  • the electrons yield high frequency energy to a load 8 coupled to the output antenna 6.
  • the energy which they receive in continuous and high frequency form places them in relativistic conditions, that is to say ie such that their variation in mass following the increase in their energy in the accelerating section causes a variation in their phase with respect to the electromagnetic field; at these speeds it is found that the moving electron is capable of yielding energy to a high frequency electromagnetic field.
  • This is so for the values of the pulsation, or angular velocity, w s , of the electrons included in a certain range around the pulsation of the electromagnetic field with which they are interacting. This can lead, in the generators of the invention, to using a magnetic field whose intensity varies with the abscissa along the axis XX.
  • the generator of the invention appears as a high power frequency multiplier.
  • a first example concerns the pulse operation of the generator of the invention. This is shown as shown in Figure 2.
  • the cylindrical waveguide has in its central part a radius of about 5 mm and two diametric extensions trally opposite, rectangular, and proportioned as in the example in this figure.
  • An ordinary type gun provides a beam of 1 amp, accelerated under 10 kilovolts by the anode 14.
  • the oscillator is a magnetron operating in pulses at a frequency of 16 gigahertz; it excites the guide with a power of 60 kilowatts, in which a field is established whose lines of force in TE 10 mode are those of the arrows in solid line.
  • the value of the magnetic field is 0.6 tesla; the electron beam describes, under these conditions, around the axis XX of the system, a spiral situated on a generally conical surface, widening in the direction of propagation. It is modulated along its trajectory, and the modulated current has components at frequencies nx 16 gigahertz.
  • the lateral extensions preferentially guide one of these frequencies, the frequency of 80 GHz in particular, in the same mode as the fundamental frequency.
  • the maximum energy it reaches is 60 kilovolts after 10 periods.
  • the guide length required is approximately 4 centimeters, which corresponds to a consumed power of 3 kw for a guide having an overvoltage of 800, or 5% of the power communicated to the electrons.
  • Bundles are created within the cylindrical electron beam whose diameter is 1.2 mm, while the radius of their orbit is 1.35 mm.
  • the current component at the harmonic. 5 is, without other focusing means, about 0.21 I o , I o being the beam current.
  • the output power is 300 kW.
  • the other two examples relate to continuous operation of the generator of the invention.
  • the oscillator used at high frequency excitation is here a klystron operating at 10 GHz.
  • a klystron operating at 10 GHz In the table below are given the characteristics corresponding to two different levels of excitation.
  • the generator structure can be that of FIG. 2, using one and the same resonant volume, the waveguide, for the excitation frequency and its harmonic.
  • the electron beam passes into the first resonant volume, or cavity, 40, supplied at high frequency by a Jclystron, and the energy is drawn from the harmonic frequency in a second cavity 60 , separated from the first, 40, by an adaptation device 70.
  • the beam is produced by the accelerator BO.
  • adaptation section represented at 70 in FIG. 3, could include a device for injecting a signal to be amplified at frequency n ⁇ c In this case, it would include a resonant element coupled to the device for injecting the signal.
  • the generator of the invention can also be produced with a flat beam, having a rectangular section, and a waveguide whose section has the same shape, and whose width can reach up to 1.5 times the length d ⁇ o wave.
  • the beam is thin and wide and allows high applied powers.
  • the beam can be supplied by a cathode and accelerated by an anode at the entrance to the microwave part, as in the example in FIG. 2. It can also be produced in a separate installation, before it enters the guide. waves or in the cavities of the generator, that is to say in the microwave part; such an installation is for example a betatron, a storage ring etc. (figure 3).
  • the generator of the invention has the same applications as the generators of the prior art for millimeter waves, namely measurement in plasma installations, radar transmission, telecommunications, etc.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP79401065A 1978-12-29 1979-12-21 Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz Expired EP0013242B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7836960 1978-12-29
FR7836960A FR2445611A1 (fr) 1978-12-29 1978-12-29 Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequence

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013242A1 true EP0013242A1 (de) 1980-07-09
EP0013242B1 EP0013242B1 (de) 1982-12-15

Family

ID=9216756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79401065A Expired EP0013242B1 (de) 1978-12-29 1979-12-21 Generator für elektromagnetische Wellen sehr hoher Frequenz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4306174A (de)
EP (1) EP0013242B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5593638A (de)
DE (1) DE2964334D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2445611A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2491256A1 (fr) * 1980-09-26 1982-04-02 Thomson Csf Accelerateur d'electrons et generateur d'ondes millimetriques et infra-millimetriques comportant un tel accelerateur
DE102004046366A1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-09 Levin, Felix, Dr. Universell einsetzbare Testvorrichtung zur schnellen Analysen von Flüssigkeiten

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FR2528626A2 (fr) * 1978-12-29 1983-12-16 Thomson Csf Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequence
US4362968A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Slow-wave wideband cyclotron amplifier
FR2520552A2 (fr) * 1982-01-22 1983-07-29 Thomson Csf Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequence
FR2542928B1 (fr) * 1983-03-18 1985-10-04 Thomson Csf Transformateur de modes de propagation hyperfrequence
US4550271A (en) * 1983-06-23 1985-10-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Gyromagnetron amplifier
FR2625836B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons pour tube electronique
FR2672730B1 (fr) * 1991-02-12 1993-04-23 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif convertisseur de modes et diviseur de puissance pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comprenant un tel dispositif.
US20050203578A1 (en) * 2001-08-15 2005-09-15 Weiner Michael L. Process and apparatus for treating biological organisms
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WO2015090402A1 (en) 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Robotic cleaning device with perimeter recording function
WO2015090398A1 (en) 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Robotic vacuum cleaner with side brush moving in spiral pattern
JP6750921B2 (ja) 2013-12-19 2020-09-02 アクチエボラゲット エレクトロルックス ロボット掃除機
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WO2016005012A1 (en) 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Method for detecting a measurement error in a robotic cleaning device
US10729297B2 (en) 2014-09-08 2020-08-04 Aktiebolaget Electrolux Robotic vacuum cleaner
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US2305883A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency multiplier
US2395560A (en) * 1940-10-19 1946-02-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide
US2494721A (en) * 1947-06-18 1950-01-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron velocity variation device with noise reducing resonator
US2544679A (en) * 1941-10-23 1951-03-13 Sperry Corp High-frequency electron tube structure
EP0000672A1 (de) * 1977-06-27 1979-02-07 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält.

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FR2401508A1 (fr) * 1977-06-27 1979-03-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Injecteur d'electrons pour generateur hyperfrequence
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2305883A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency multiplier
US2395560A (en) * 1940-10-19 1946-02-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide
US2544679A (en) * 1941-10-23 1951-03-13 Sperry Corp High-frequency electron tube structure
US2494721A (en) * 1947-06-18 1950-01-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron velocity variation device with noise reducing resonator
EP0000672A1 (de) * 1977-06-27 1979-02-07 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Meter-oder Dezimeterwellengenerator, der einen mit Elektronenhohlstrahl gekoppelten Resonanzkörper enthält.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2491256A1 (fr) * 1980-09-26 1982-04-02 Thomson Csf Accelerateur d'electrons et generateur d'ondes millimetriques et infra-millimetriques comportant un tel accelerateur
EP0049198A1 (de) * 1980-09-26 1982-04-07 Thomson-Csf Elektronenbeschleuniger sowie Millimeter- und Submillimeterwellengenerator mit einem solchen Beschleuniger
DE102004046366A1 (de) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-09 Levin, Felix, Dr. Universell einsetzbare Testvorrichtung zur schnellen Analysen von Flüssigkeiten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2445611B1 (de) 1982-06-04
DE2964334D1 (en) 1983-01-20
EP0013242B1 (de) 1982-12-15
FR2445611A1 (fr) 1980-07-25
US4306174A (en) 1981-12-15
JPS5593638A (en) 1980-07-16

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