EP0248689A1 - Multiple-beam klystron - Google Patents
Multiple-beam klystron Download PDFInfo
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- EP0248689A1 EP0248689A1 EP87401023A EP87401023A EP0248689A1 EP 0248689 A1 EP0248689 A1 EP 0248689A1 EP 87401023 A EP87401023 A EP 87401023A EP 87401023 A EP87401023 A EP 87401023A EP 0248689 A1 EP0248689 A1 EP 0248689A1
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- klystron
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/18—Resonators
- H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to multi-beam klystrons.
- Multibeam klystrons are well known in the art; in the description of Figures 1 and 2 the principle of these klystrons and their structure will be recalled.
- the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and a cathode of the klystron is much lower in a klystron with multiple beams than in a klystron with a single beam.
- the need to modulate the speed of the electron beam imposes on this acceleration voltage the same upper limit from which the beam is no longer modular. Consequently, one can obtain with a multibeam klystron a much higher high frequency power than that which can be obtained with a klystron with a single beam.
- the present invention makes it possible to produce klystrons with multiple beams, of very high power, and at frequencies very high.
- a klystron with multiple beams comprising several resonant cavities, is characterized in that these cavities are dimensioned in such a way that the klystron works, optimally, in TM On mode (n: whole number greater than 1) and in that the sliding tubes of the klystron pass through the cavities passing through a region where, even in the absence of these tubes, the electric field would pass through an absolute maximum.
- the klystrons with several beams are perfected klystrons for which we seek at the same time compactness, high efficiency while using only a low accelerating voltage.
- the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and the cathode is therefore divided by the factor N 2/5 .
- the acceleration voltage is divided by 6 2/5 , that is to say substantially by a factor of 2.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a klystron with several beams.
- This tube comprises an electron gun with cathodes which bear the reference 1 and an anode which bears the reference 2.
- This anode is pierced with holes arranged opposite the cathodes.
- This klystron has four resonance cavities 3 which are used to modulate the beams in speed.
- Sliding tubes 4 connect the cavities to each other and ensure sealing.
- the resonance cavities 3 are of the re-entering type. They interact with the electromagnetic field excited in these cavities, by an external source, not shown in the case of the first cavity which is closest to the electron gun, or by these beams themselves in the following cavities.
- the beams are focused by a set of coils 5, arranged around the cavities 3. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that two shielding plates 6 have been placed on either side of the coil set 5, made of magnetic material, for example soft iron. These plates are pierced with holes of diameter very close to those of the beams, so as to allow the passage of the beams of the electron guns into the cavities then from the cavities to the collector 7.
- FIG. 1 two electron beams 8 and 9 are shown.
- These plates 6 are equipotential surfaces from a magnetic point of view and contribute to creating along the tube a magnetic field as constant as possible.
- the shielding plate 6 located on the side of the barrels makes it possible to prevent the leakage field of the coils from reaching the cathodes.
- this shielding plate 6 carries include a bulge 10 directed towards the cathodes.
- a cylinder 11 made of magnetic material is attached to this shielding plate 6. This cylinder 11 is connected to other parts 12, which are made of ceramic, for reasons of insulation.
- an anode 2 made of magnetic material can be used to perfect the shielding of the cathodes.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view along the direction AA ⁇ shown in Figure 1.
- the klystron of Figure 1 has six sliding tubes 4, so has six electron beams.
- the ends of a cavity 3 have been shown, but the focusing device has not been shown.
- the sliding tubes are arranged in a circle centered on the longitudinal axis XX ⁇ of the tube.
- the angular difference between the tubes is constant.
- the electric field has an identical configuration, in each cavity, between the parts of the sliding tubes which face each other.
- the multi-beam klystrons known from the prior art always operate in TM01 mode, that is to say at the lowest frequency.
- FIG. 3 shows the variation of the longitudinal electric field E z , after the introduction of sliding tubes, in a cavity when one moves along an axis r, which shares the cavity in its middle and which is perpendicular to the axis longitudinal XX ⁇ of the klystron, as shown in Figure 1.
- This field presents two maxima located in the interaction space separating the sliding tubes as it is understood by considering FIG. 4, where we have represented, schematically, and in correspondence with FIG. 3, the distribution of electric and magnetic fields in a cavity, section view.
- the field E z has a single maximum which is situated on the axis XX ⁇ and the sliding tubes are placed as close as possible to this maximum to avoid disturbing the field; they however disturb the field since they cannot, because of their number and their dimensions be placed according to XX4.
- the multiple beam klystrons according to the invention operate in TM02 mode.
- the whole klystron, and the cavities in particular, are sized so that the klystron works optimally in TM02 mode.
- the modification of the dimensions of the cavities necessarily involves modifications of the other parts of the klystron, such as for example the cathodes or the focusing device.
- the cavities resonate at a frequency at least twice as high as in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
- Figures 5 and 6 established in the case of a klystron with multiple beams operating in TM02 mode, correspond to Figures 3 and 4 established in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
- FIG. 5 therefore represents the variations of the longitudinal electric field E z along the axis r, both before and after the introduction of the sliding tubes into the cavity.
- FIG. 6 represents the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields in a cavity seen in section.
- the longitudinal electric field E z has two maxima along the axis r, that is to say that the field is maximum in a region in the shape of a cylinder of axis XX ⁇ ; the sliding tubes pass through the cavity passing through this region, that is to say passing where the electric field is as constant as possible.
- the magnetic field is practically zero, which is favorable for maintaining the trajectories of the electron beams in the right direction.
- the axes YY ⁇ and ZZ ⁇ of the sliding tubes are relatively more distant from the axis XX ⁇ than in the case of operation in TM01 mode.
- the sliding tubes are therefore relatively further apart from one another in the case of operation in TM02 mode. It is therefore possible to increase the diameter of their orifice through which an electron beam propagates, which makes it possible to increase in power.
- the TM02 mode facilitates the realization of klystrons with multiple beams compared to TM01 mode.
- this invention is not limited to the case of a klystron operating in TM02 mode but can extend to all TM 0n modes, with n integer greater than 1; the sliding tubes will then be placed in the area of an absolute maximum (ie of a maximum positive or negative value) of the electric field as is the case described with the TM02 mode.
Abstract
Les cavités résonnantes (3) du klystron à faisceaux multiples sont dimensionnées de manière à fonctionner, de façon optimale, en mode TM₀₂ et les tubes de glissement relatifs aux faisceaux, traversent les cavités du klystron aux endroits où le champ électrique, dans les cavités, passe par un maximum absolu.Une telle réalisation permet d'obtenir des klystrons de grande puissance, capables de fonctionner à des fréquences élevées.The resonant cavities (3) of the multi-beam klystron are sized to operate optimally in TM₀₂ mode and the beam-relative glide tubes pass through the klystron cavities where the electric field in the cavities, passes through an absolute maximum. Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain high-power klystrons, capable of operating at high frequencies.
Description
La présente invention concerne les klystrons à faisceaux multiples.The present invention relates to multi-beam klystrons.
Les klystrons à faisceaux multiples sont bien connus de l'art antérieur ; dans la description des figures 1 et 2 le principe de ces klystrons et leur structure seront rappelés.Multibeam klystrons are well known in the art; in the description of Figures 1 and 2 the principle of these klystrons and their structure will be recalled.
Un grand avantage de ces klystrons est qu'ils sont particulièrement adaptés à un fonctionnement à grande puissance.A great advantage of these klystrons is that they are particularly suitable for high power operation.
En effet, on démontre que pour une même puissance haute fréquence, la tension d'accélération appliquée entre l'anode et une cathode du klystron est beaucoup plus faible dans un klystron à faisceaux multiples que dans un klystron à un seul faisceau. Or quel que soit le type de klystron, la nécessité de moduler la vitesse du faisceau d'électrons impose à cette tension d'accélération une même limite supérieure à partir de laquelle le faisceau n'est plus modulable. En conséquence, on peut obtenir avec un klystron à faisceaux multiples une puissance haute fréquence beaucoup plus élevée que celle qu'il est possible d'obtenir avec un klystron à un seul faisceau.Indeed, it is shown that for the same high frequency power, the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and a cathode of the klystron is much lower in a klystron with multiple beams than in a klystron with a single beam. However, whatever the type of klystron, the need to modulate the speed of the electron beam imposes on this acceleration voltage the same upper limit from which the beam is no longer modular. Consequently, one can obtain with a multibeam klystron a much higher high frequency power than that which can be obtained with a klystron with a single beam.
Le problème qui se pose est qu'il n'est pas possible avec les klystrons à faiceaux multiples de l'art antérieur d'obtenir des grandes puissances à des fréquences élevées.The problem which arises is that it is not possible with the klystrons with multiple beams of the prior art to obtain large powers at high frequencies.
En effet aux fréquences élevées, les dimensions des klystrons deviennent très petites. On est alors limité par les dimensions des tubes de glissement des cavités dont les orifices doivent être suffisamment grands pour permettre le passage d'un faisceau d'électrons, dont la densité ne doit pas atteindre un niveau prohibitif, et cela d'autant plus qu'on veut obtenir des puissances élevées.Indeed at high frequencies, the dimensions of klystrons become very small. We are then limited by the dimensions of the sliding tubes of the cavities whose orifices must be large enough to allow the passage of an electron beam, the density of which must not reach a prohibitive level, and all the more so as 'we want to obtain high powers.
En pratique, des problèmes se posent lorsque l'on cherche à produire des puissances de plusieurs dizaines de mégawatts, à des fréquences de plusieurs milliers de mégahertz.In practice, problems arise when it is sought to produce powers of several tens of megawatts, at frequencies of several thousand megahertz.
La présente invention permet de réaliser des klystrons à faisceaux multiples, de très grande puissance, et à des fréquences très élevées.The present invention makes it possible to produce klystrons with multiple beams, of very high power, and at frequencies very high.
Selon l'invention un klystron à faisceaux multiples, comportant plusieurs cavités résonnantes, est caractérisé en ce que ces cavités sont dimensionnées de telle façon que le klystron fonctionne, de façon optimale, en mode TMOn (n : nombre entier supérieur à 1) et en ce que les tubes de glissement du klystron traversent les cavités en passant par une région où, même en l'absence de ces tubes, le champ électrique passerait par un maximum absolu.According to the invention a klystron with multiple beams, comprising several resonant cavities, is characterized in that these cavities are dimensioned in such a way that the klystron works, optimally, in TM On mode (n: whole number greater than 1) and in that the sliding tubes of the klystron pass through the cavities passing through a region where, even in the absence of these tubes, the electric field would pass through an absolute maximum.
D'autres objets, caractéristiques et résultats de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustrée par les figures annexées qui représentent :
- - la figure 1, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un mode de réalisation d'un klystron à faisceaux multiples ;
- la figure 2, une vue en coupe selon la direction AAʹ indiquée sur la figure 1 ;
- - les figures 3 et 5, la variation du champ électrique longitudinal dans une cavité, respectivement, dans le cas d'un klystron fonctionnant en mode TM₀₁ et en mode TM₀₂ ;
- - les figures 4 et 6, une vue en coupe d'une cavité d'un klystron à faisceaux multiples dans laquelle a été représentée la distribution des champ électrique et magnétique, respectivement, dans le cas d'un klystron fonctionnant en mode TM₀₁ et en mode TM₀₂.
- - Figure 1, a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a klystron with multiple beams;
- Figure 2, a sectional view along the direction AAʹ shown in Figure 1;
- - Figures 3 and 5, the variation of the longitudinal electric field in a cavity, respectively, in the case of a klystron operating in TM₀₁ mode and in TM₀₂ mode;
- - Figures 4 and 6, a sectional view of a cavity of a klystron with multiple beams in which has been shown the distribution of the electric and magnetic field, respectively, in the case of a klystron operating in TM₀₁ mode and TM₀₂ mode.
Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes repères désignent les mêmes éléments, mais, pour des raisons de clarté, les cotes et proportions des divers éléments ne sont pas respectées.In the different figures, the same references designate the same elements, but, for reasons of clarity, the dimensions and proportions of the various elements are not observed.
Les klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux sont des klystrons perfectionnés pour lesquels on cherche à la fois la compacité, le haut rendement tout en n'utilisant qu'une faible tension accélératrice.The klystrons with several beams are perfected klystrons for which we seek at the same time compactness, high efficiency while using only a low accelerating voltage.
On sait qu'avec la conception conventionnelle des klystrons, ces trois dernières exigences sont contradictoires. En effet, le haut rendement ne peut être obtenu qu'avec un faisceau de faible pervéance, c'est-à-dire de haute tension. Or, la longueur des klystrons croît comme la racine carrée de la haute tension.We know that with the conventional design of klystrons, these last three requirements are contradictory. Indeed, the high efficiency can only be obtained with a beam of low perveance, that is to say of high voltage. However, the length of the klystrons grows like the square root of high tension.
Pour contourner cette difficulté, on peut diviser le faisceau en plusieurs faisceaux élémentaires.To get around this difficulty, we can divide the beam into several elementary beams.
Le principe peut être expliqué comme suit : soit un faisceau divisé en N faisceaux élémentaires, de courant I, accéléré à une tension V et soit p la pervéance et n le rendement de conversion entre la puissance d'alimentation VI et la puissance de haute fréquence P. Les relations suivantes sont vérifiées :
I = p V3/2
P = np V5/2 The principle can be explained as follows: either a beam divided into N elementary beams, of current I, accelerated to a voltage V and either p the perveance and n the conversion efficiency between the power supply VI and the high frequency power P. The following relationships are checked:
I = p V 3/2
P = np V 5/2
Si l'on accélère N de ces faisceaux élémentaires, en parallèle, par la même tension V, la puissance de haute fréquence totale PTOT égale :
Pour une même puissance de haute fréquence, la tension d'accélération appliquée entre l'anode et la cathode est donc divisée par le facteur N2/5.For the same high frequency power, the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and the cathode is therefore divided by the factor N 2/5 .
Pour N = 6, la tension d'accélération est divisée par 62/5, c'est-à-dire sensiblement par un facteur 2.For N = 6, the acceleration voltage is divided by 6 2/5 , that is to say substantially by a factor of 2.
La figure 1 représente de façon schématique une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un mode de réalisation d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux.Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a klystron with several beams.
Ce tube comporte un canon à électrons avec des cathodes qui portent la référence 1 et une anode qui porte la référence 2. Cette anode est percées de trous disposés en face des cathodes.This tube comprises an electron gun with cathodes which bear the
Ce klystron comporte quatre cavités de résonnance 3 qui servent à moduler les faisceaux en vitesse. Des tubes de glissement 4 relient les cavités entre elles et permettent d'assurer l'étanchéïté.This klystron has four
Les cavités de résonnance 3 sont de type ré-entrant. Elles interagissent avec le champ électromagnétique excité dans ces cavités, par une source extérieure, non représentée dans le cas de la première cavité qui est la plus proche du canon à électrons, ou par ces faisceaux eux-mêmes dans les cavités suivantes.The
La focalisation des faisceaux est réalisée par un ensemble de bobines 5, disposées autour des cavités 3. On voit sur la figure 1 qu'on a disposé de part et d'autre de l'ensemble de bobines 5, deux plaques de blindage 6, en matériau magnétique, par exemple en fer doux. Ces plaques sont percées de trous de diamètre très voisin de ceux des faisceaux, de façon à permettre le passage des faisceaux des canons à électrons dans les cavités puis des cavités vers le collecteur 7.The beams are focused by a set of
Sur la figure 1, on a représenté deux faisceaux d'électrons 8 et 9.In FIG. 1, two
Ces plaques 6 sont des surfaces équipotentielles d'un point de vue magnétique et contribuent à créer le long du tube un champ magnétique aussi constant que possible.These
La plaque de blindage 6 située du côté des canons permet d'empêcher le champ de fuite des bobines d'atteindre les cathodes.The
Pour cela les orifices que porte cette plaque de blindage 6 comportent un renflement 10 dirigé vers les cathodes. De plus, un cylindre 11 en matériau magnétique est accolé à cette plaque de blindage 6. Ce cylindre 11 est relié à d'autres pièces 12, qui sont en céramique, pour des raisons d'isolation. Enfin, on peut utiliser une anode 2 en matériau magnétique pour parfaire le blindage des cathodes.For this, the orifices that this
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la direction AAʹ indiquée sur la figure 1. On voit sur cette coupe que le klystron de la figure 1 comporte six tubes de glissement 4, donc comporte six faisceaux d'électrons. On a représenté les extrémités d'une cavité 3, mais le dispositif de focalisation n'a pas été représenté.Figure 2 is a sectional view along the direction AAʹ shown in Figure 1. We see in this section that the klystron of Figure 1 has six
Les tubes de glissement sont disposés selon un cercle centré sur l'axe longitudinal XXʹ du tube. L'écart angulaire entre les tubes est constant. Ainsi, le champ électrique a une configuration identique, dans chaque cavité, entre les parties des tubes de glissement qui se font face.The sliding tubes are arranged in a circle centered on the longitudinal axis XXʹ of the tube. The angular difference between the tubes is constant. Thus, the electric field has an identical configuration, in each cavity, between the parts of the sliding tubes which face each other.
Les klystrons à faisceaux multiples connus de l'art antérieur fonctionnent toujours en mode TM₀₁, c'est-à-dire à la fréquence la plus basse.The multi-beam klystrons known from the prior art always operate in TM₀₁ mode, that is to say at the lowest frequency.
Il est d'usage dans les tubes hyperfréquences de fonctionner au mode fondamental.It is customary in microwave tubes to operate in the fundamental mode.
La figure 3 montre la variation du champ électrique longitudinal Ez, après l'introduction de tubes de glissement, dans une cavité lorsqu'on se déplace selon un axe r, qui partage la cavité en son milieu et qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal XXʹ du klystron, tel qu'il est représenté sur la figure 1.FIG. 3 shows the variation of the longitudinal electric field E z , after the introduction of sliding tubes, in a cavity when one moves along an axis r, which shares the cavity in its middle and which is perpendicular to the axis longitudinal XXʹ of the klystron, as shown in Figure 1.
Ce champ présente deux maxima situés dans l'espace d'interaction séparant les tubes de glissement comme cela se comprend en considérant la figure 4, où l'on a représenté, de façon schématique, et en correspondance avec la figure 3, la distribution des champs électrique et magnétique dans une cavité, vue en coupe. Avant l'introduction des tubes de glissement le champ Ez présente un seul maximum qui est situé sur l'axe XXʹ et les tubes de glissement sont placés aussi près possible de ce maximum pour éviter de perturber le champ ; ils perturbent cependant le champ puisqu'ils ne peuvent, du fait de leur nombre et de leurs dimensions être placés selon XX4.This field presents two maxima located in the interaction space separating the sliding tubes as it is understood by considering FIG. 4, where we have represented, schematically, and in correspondence with FIG. 3, the distribution of electric and magnetic fields in a cavity, section view. Before the introduction of the sliding tubes, the field E z has a single maximum which is situated on the axis XXʹ and the sliding tubes are placed as close as possible to this maximum to avoid disturbing the field; they however disturb the field since they cannot, because of their number and their dimensions be placed according to XX4.
Les klystrons à faisceaux multiples selon l'invention fonctionnent en mode TM₀₂.The multiple beam klystrons according to the invention operate in TM₀₂ mode.
L'ensemble du klystron, et les cavités en particulier, sont dimensionnés pour que le klystron fonctionne de façon optimale en mode TM₀₂.The whole klystron, and the cavities in particular, are sized so that the klystron works optimally in TM₀₂ mode.
La modification des dimensions des cavités entraîne nécessairement des modifications des autres parties du klystron, telles que par exemple les cathodes ou le dispositif de focalisation.The modification of the dimensions of the cavities necessarily involves modifications of the other parts of the klystron, such as for example the cathodes or the focusing device.
Ainsi, à dimensions égales, et donc pour une puissance maximum donnée, les cavités résonnent à une fréquence au moins deux fois plus élevée que dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁.Thus, for equal dimensions, and therefore for a given maximum power, the cavities resonate at a frequency at least twice as high as in the case of operation in TM₀₁ mode.
Il est également possible si l'on conserve la même fréquence que dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁ d'augmenter les dimensions des cavités pour obtenir plus de puissance.It is also possible if you keep the same frequency than in the case of operation in TM₀₁ mode, to increase the dimensions of the cavities to obtain more power.
Le fonctionnement en mode TM₀₂ permet donc d'obtenir des klystrons à faisceaux multiples, de plus grande puissance, et à une fréquence plus élevée, que ne le permet le fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁.Operation in TM₀₂ mode therefore makes it possible to obtain klystrons with multiple beams, of greater power, and at a higher frequency, than does operation in TM₀₁ mode allow.
Les figures 5 et 6, établies dans le cas d'un klystron à faisceaux multiples fonctionnant en mode TM₀₂, correspondent aux figures 3 et 4 établies dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁.Figures 5 and 6, established in the case of a klystron with multiple beams operating in TM₀₂ mode, correspond to Figures 3 and 4 established in the case of operation in TM₀₁ mode.
La figure 5 représente donc les variations du champ électrique longitudinal Ez selon l'axe r, aussi bien avant qu'après l'introduction des tubes de glissement dans la cavité.FIG. 5 therefore represents the variations of the longitudinal electric field E z along the axis r, both before and after the introduction of the sliding tubes into the cavity.
La figure 6 représente la distribution des champs électrique et magnétique dans une cavité vue en coupe.FIG. 6 represents the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields in a cavity seen in section.
Avant même l'introduction des tubes de glissement dans la cavité, le champ électrique longitudinal Ez présente deux maxima selon l'axe r, c'est à dire que le champ est maximum dans une région en forme de cylindre d'axe XXʹ ; les tubes de glissement traversent la cavité en passant par cette région, c'est à dire en passant là où le champ électrique est aussi constant que possible.Even before the insertion of the sliding tubes into the cavity, the longitudinal electric field E z has two maxima along the axis r, that is to say that the field is maximum in a region in the shape of a cylinder of axis XXʹ; the sliding tubes pass through the cavity passing through this region, that is to say passing where the electric field is as constant as possible.
Dans les espaces d'interaction situés entre les tubes de glissement le champ magnétique est pratiquement nul, ce qui est favorable au maintien des trajectoires des faisceaux d'électrons dans la bonne direction.In the interaction spaces located between the sliding tubes, the magnetic field is practically zero, which is favorable for maintaining the trajectories of the electron beams in the right direction.
Dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₂ les axes YYʹ et ZZʹ des tubes de glissement sont relativement plus éloignés de l'axe XXʹ que dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁. Les tubes de glissement sont donc relativement plus écartés les uns des autres dans le cas d'un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₂. Il est donc possible d'augmenter le diamètre de leur orifice à travers lequel se propage un faisceau d'électrons, ce qui permet de monter en puissance.In the case of operation in TM₀₂ mode the axes YYʹ and ZZʹ of the sliding tubes are relatively more distant from the axis XXʹ than in the case of operation in TM₀₁ mode. The sliding tubes are therefore relatively further apart from one another in the case of operation in TM₀₂ mode. It is therefore possible to increase the diameter of their orifice through which an electron beam propagates, which makes it possible to increase in power.
En conséquence, le mode TM₀₂ facilite la réalisation de klystrons à faisceaux multiples par rapport au mode TM₀₁.Consequently, the TM₀₂ mode facilitates the realization of klystrons with multiple beams compared to TM₀₁ mode.
Dans le cas des klystrons à faisceaux multiples, on peut sans problème choisir de fonctionner en mode TM₀₂ car les faisceaux modulés ne contiennent pas de sous-harmoniques. On ne risque donc pas un fonctionnement en mode TM₀₁, avec de mauvaises performances. Même s'il y a des sous-harmoniques, on peut éviter aisément qu'ils soient égaux à la fréquence du mode TM₀₁.In the case of klystrons with multiple beams, one can without problem choose to operate in TM₀₂ mode because the modulated beams do not contain subharmonic. There is therefore no risk of operation in TM₀₁ mode, with poor performance. Even if there are sub-harmonics, it can easily be avoided that they are equal to the frequency of the TM₀₁ mode.
Il est à noter que cette invention n'est pas limitée au cas d'un klystron fonctionnant en mode TM₀₂ mais peut s'étendre à tous les modes TM0n, avec n entier supérieur à 1 ; les tubes de glissement seront alors placés dans la zone d'un maximum absolu (c'est à dire d'une valeur positive ou négative maximum) du champ électrique comme c'est le cas décrit avec le mode TM₀₂.It should be noted that this invention is not limited to the case of a klystron operating in TM₀₂ mode but can extend to all TM 0n modes, with n integer greater than 1; the sliding tubes will then be placed in the area of an absolute maximum (ie of a maximum positive or negative value) of the electric field as is the case described with the TM₀₂ mode.
Claims (2)
- de deux plaques (6), en matériau magnétique, disposées de part et d'autre du dispositif de focalisation (5), et percées de trous permettant le passage des faisceaux, l'une des deux plaques étant disposée entre les canons du klystron et les cavités ;
- d'un cylindre (11), en matériau magnétique, accolé à la plaque (6) située entre les canons et les cavités ;
- d'une anode (2), en matériau magnétique.2. Klystron according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a focusing device (5), arranged around its cavities (3) and in that it comprises a shielding device constituted:
- two plates (6), made of magnetic material, arranged on either side of the focusing device (5), and pierced with holes allowing the passage of the beams, one of the two plates being disposed between the guns of the klystron and the cavities;
- a cylinder (11), made of magnetic material, attached to the plate (6) located between the barrels and the cavities;
- an anode (2), made of magnetic material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8607825 | 1986-05-30 | ||
| FR8607825A FR2599554A1 (en) | 1986-05-30 | 1986-05-30 | MULTI-BEAM KLYSTRON OPERATING AT MODE TM02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0248689A1 true EP0248689A1 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
Family
ID=9335848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87401023A Ceased EP0248689A1 (en) | 1986-05-30 | 1987-05-05 | Multiple-beam klystron |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4733131A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0248689A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2599554A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0440529A1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-07 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Multiple-beam microwave tube with groups of adjacent cavities |
| EP0764339A2 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1997-03-26 | Communications & Power Industries, Inc. | HOLLOW BEAM ELECTRON TUBE HAVING TM 0x0? RESONATORS, WHERE x IS GREATER THAN 1 |
| EP2491570A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | Omega-P, Inc. | Low-voltage, multi-beam klystron |
| CN110797243A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-14 | 电子科技大学 | Nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2625836B1 (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1996-01-26 | Thomson Csf | ELECTRON COLLECTOR FOR ELECTRONIC TUBE |
| FR2637122A1 (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-03-30 | Thomson Csf | PATH CORRECTING DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC TUBE |
| US4910456A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-03-20 | Asea Brown Boveri Inc. | Electronic watt-hour meter with combined multiplier/integrator circuit |
| FR2658001B1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1996-08-14 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MULTI-BEAM HYPERFREQUENCY TUBE WITH COAXIAL OUTPUT. |
| GB2292001B (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1998-04-22 | Eev Ltd | Electron beam tubes |
| FR2737340B1 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-08-22 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE WITH IMPROVED CAVITY / BEAM COUPLING |
| US5811943A (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-09-22 | Schonberg Research Corporation | Hollow-beam microwave linear accelerator |
| FR2756970B1 (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 2003-03-07 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | LONGITUDINAL INTERACTION MICROWAVE TUBE WITH OUTPUT BEYOND THE COLLECTOR |
| US5932972A (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1999-08-03 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron |
| FR2764730B1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-09-17 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | ELECTRONIC CANON FOR MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE AND MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE EQUIPPED WITH THIS CANON |
| FR2780809B1 (en) | 1998-07-03 | 2003-11-07 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MULTI-BEAM ELECTRONIC TUBE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD OF CORRECTION OF BEAM TRAJECTORY |
| FR2803454B1 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2003-05-16 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MICROWAVE PULSE GENERATOR WITH INTEGRATED PULSE COMPRESSOR |
| US6847168B1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2005-01-25 | Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. | Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron using magnetic focusing with a magnetic field corrector |
| US6856081B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-02-15 | Communications & Power Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for magnetic focusing of off-axis electron beam |
| JP4991266B2 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2012-08-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Multi-beam klystron |
| US8975816B2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2015-03-10 | Varian Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple output cavities in sheet beam klystron |
| US8547006B1 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2013-10-01 | Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. | Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron with magnetic compression of the electron beams |
| US9013104B1 (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-04-21 | Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. | Periodic permanent magnet focused klystron |
| US9819320B1 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-11-14 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Coaxial amplifier device |
| CN106997838B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-05-18 | 电子科技大学 | It is a kind of that interaction device is extended using the millimeter wave of coaxial resonant cavity and many electrons’ system |
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| US2305884A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1942-12-22 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron beam concentrating system |
| US2500944A (en) * | 1942-07-21 | 1950-03-21 | Sperry Corp | High-frequency tube structure |
| EP0121294A2 (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1984-10-10 | Fujitsu Limited | A cavity resonator coupling type power distributor/power combiner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3278793A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1966-10-11 | Gen Electric | Multiple-beam r.f. apparatus |
-
1986
- 1986-05-30 FR FR8607825A patent/FR2599554A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-05-05 EP EP87401023A patent/EP0248689A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-05-27 US US07/054,498 patent/US4733131A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2305884A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1942-12-22 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electron beam concentrating system |
| US2500944A (en) * | 1942-07-21 | 1950-03-21 | Sperry Corp | High-frequency tube structure |
| EP0121294A2 (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1984-10-10 | Fujitsu Limited | A cavity resonator coupling type power distributor/power combiner |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0440529A1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-07 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Multiple-beam microwave tube with groups of adjacent cavities |
| FR2658000A1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-09 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MULTIFACEAMENT HYPERFREQUENCY TUBE WITH ADJACENT CAVITY GROUPS. |
| US5235249A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1993-08-10 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | Multiple-beam microwave tube with groups of adjacent cavities |
| EP0764339A2 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1997-03-26 | Communications & Power Industries, Inc. | HOLLOW BEAM ELECTRON TUBE HAVING TM 0x0? RESONATORS, WHERE x IS GREATER THAN 1 |
| EP0764339A4 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1998-07-01 | Communications & Power Ind Inc | HOLLOW BEAM ELECTRON TUBE HAVING TM 0x0? RESONATORS, WHERE x IS GREATER THAN 1 |
| EP2491570A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | Omega-P, Inc. | Low-voltage, multi-beam klystron |
| EP2491570A4 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2014-07-16 | Omega P Inc | Low-voltage, multi-beam klystron |
| CN110797243A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-14 | 电子科技大学 | Nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams |
| CN110797243B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-10-09 | 电子科技大学 | Nested type electronic optical system for coaxially emitting asynchronous electron beams |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2599554A1 (en) | 1987-12-04 |
| US4733131A (en) | 1988-03-22 |
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