Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
  • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
  • G01B11/2513—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object with several lines being projected in more than one direction, e.g. grids, patterns
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
  • A61B1/00096—Optical elements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00174—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles
  • A61B1/00183—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles for variable viewing angles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00193—Optical arrangements adapted for stereoscopic vision
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00194—Optical arrangements adapted for three-dimensional imaging
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/313—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes
  • A61B1/3132—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for laparoscopy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1079—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof using optical or photographic means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
  • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
  • G02B23/2407—Optical details
  • G02B23/2415—Stereoscopic endoscopes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
  • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
  • G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00165—Optical arrangements with light-conductive means, e.g. fibre optics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
  • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1077—Measuring of profiles

Definitions

• the invention relates to an endoscope with two entrance optics, which are arranged at a distance from each other and whose fields of view intersect, and with guide devices. More particularly, the invention relates to variable base stereomicroscopic endoscopes for medical applications, particularly in surgery, with illumination of the object surface and with optional projection of structured light onto the object surface.
• Endoscopes have become indispensable for minimally invasive surgical techniques. With the help of endoscopy, optical systems can be introduced into the body of humans and animals through minute skin openings.
• An endoscope is an image guide with an entrance optics at the distal end of the image guide and an exit optics at the other end of the image guide. Often, a large opening angle of the entrance optics is needed in order to be able to orient themselves. Depth information can only be derived to a limited extent, for example via known structures or via navigated insertion of the endoscope with the aid of an externally mounted navigation system.
• Stereometrically operating endoscopes are based on two optical axes located in the endoscope tube. By these two-lingual systems can be worked in principle stereometric. The two optical axes are directly next to each other. The visual angle between the optical axis of the first image guide to the object and the optical axis of the second image guide is small. Therefore, depth information can be obtained only very inaccurate.
• an endoscope is described with a video device arranged at the distal end. This endoscope is characterized in that at least the objective and the image recorder are combined to form a video unit which, after insertion into the cavity to be observed as a whole, is movable relative to the distal end of the endoscope shaft. Two such video units allow extended viewing stereo viewing.
• WO 2010/020397 A1 discloses a stereo endoscope in combination with patterns attached to objects.
• the photogrammetric analysis of the stereo images describes three-dimensionally the surface topology of the measured object with the help of the previously applied on the surface pattern.
• General surface patterns which are not completely patterned are only conditionally measurable with this arrangement.
• the invention is based on the basic idea that with stereoscopically arranged endoscopes a substantial improvement in the depth information is achieved by means of an increased spacing of the entrance lenses.
• a substantial improvement in the depth information is achieved by means of an increased spacing of the entrance lenses.
• natural structures and / or flexible and / or rigid patterns previously applied to object surfaces are measured three-dimensionally.
• by means of optional projection of structured light onto the object surface its three-dimensional topology is recorded and related to the natural structures and / or to the patterns.
• a lighting device that emits structured light is integrated in the endoscope.
• an optical system which displaces the axis beam in parallel is inserted between an inlet optics and the guide devices.
• An optical axis that displaces the axis beam in parallel is, for example, a rhomboid prism or a pair of mirrors.
• at least a part of the optics is equipped with a surface tension reducing coating.
• a particularly preferred embodiment provides that the entry optics can be arranged in an identically spaced manner to one another by means of a device integrated in the guide devices.
• a further embodiment of the invention provides that, if necessary, the entry optics and the optics which displace the axis beam in parallel occupy a surface whose outer edges do not protrude beyond the cross-sectional area of the guide devices.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the optical axes of the entrance optics are spaced apart from each other to at least two and a half times the diameter of the cross section at the narrowest point of the guide devices.
• the patterned light is generated by means of laser light and a diffractive optical element (DOE).
• DOE diffractive optical element
• the structured light is generated by means of light beams which are guided in the image conductor equipped with an input and output optics. These rays of light are as needed white or colored.
• a further embodiment of the invention provides that the optics displacing the axis of the beam are arranged on a common imaging sensor.
• the method provides that an optical specification is given with the endoscope in order to carry out a precise measurement of the surface topology of at least one object part with respect to a coordinate system formed by natural structures on the object or by flexible and / or applied on the object surface. or rigid patterns is defined.
• the method provides that the entry optics and the optics which offset the axis beam in parallel, the outer edges of which do not project beyond the cross-sectional area of the guide devices, are placed through a feed-through tube to a measuring location, after which the entrance optics are spaced so far apart from each other, that their outer edges project beyond the cross-sectional area of the guiding devices, that a pattern and / or a natural structure is projected and / or structured light is projected on the object surface, that the light reflected from the object surface is analyzed photogrammetrically and as a three-dimensional point cloud with respect to the patterns and / or natural structures is provided.
• the object surface can be illuminated with white light.
• a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one pattern is attached to the object surface.
• the endoscope is manually guided.
• the invention is not only suitable for use in medical applications. Wherever the endoscope has to be pushed in through a narrow hole and where there is more space in the actual measuring room, the system can be used to obtain precise measuring results of surfaces and shapes.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of two different distances of entry optics pairs
• FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the endoscope in the closed state
• FIG. 9 schematically shows the side view of a lighting device for the illumination of an object with natural structures and applied patterns and for structured light generated by means of a diffractive optical element and laser light beam,
• FIG. 10 shows schematically the side view of a further embodiment of a lighting device with two light beams parallel to the image conductor axis
• 1 1 schematically shows the side view of a further embodiment of a lighting device with two light beams, which do not run parallel to the image conductor axis, and
• FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an endoscope in the unfolded state with an imaging sensor integrated in the optical head.
• Laparoscopy refers to a method in which the abdominal cavity and its internal organs are made visible with special rod lens optics (for rigid endoscopes) through small openings in the abdominal wall created by the surgeon.
• rod lens optics for rigid endoscopes
• endoscopes with flexible image guides are possible.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows the side view of the endoscope 1 in the unfolded state.
• the optical system 5 is positioned in front of the object 4 to be examined.
• the image and light guides 6, 6a, 11a of the guide devices between the optical system 5 and the external supply module 12 are integrated in the tube 13.
• the tube 13 is located within the passage tube 2 passing through the abdominal wall 3.
• Each of the two optical heads 7 and 7a consists of an optics 8 or 8a which displaces the axis beam in parallel and of an entrance optics 9 or 9a.
• the axis beam parallel offset optics 8 and 8a is for example a pair of mirrors or a rhomboid prism.
• the distance 10 between the optical axes of the entrance optics 9 and 9a is for the measurement defined by means of mechanical devices integrated in the guide devices adjustable.
• the positioning of the optical heads 7 and 7a can be done for example by rotating and / or moving the image guide 6 and 6a.
• the endoscope 1 In the unfolded state, the endoscope 1 can not be removed from the lead-through tube 2.
• the unfolded state means that the optical heads 7 and 7a are in their ready-to-measure positions.
• the illumination device 1 1 illuminates the object surface 4.
• the illumination device 11 can optionally be positioned at approximately the same height as the entry optics 9 and 9a.
• the illumination device 1 1 serves to illuminate the object surface 4 and / or the surface scanning and detection using structured light.
• the illumination device 11 is connected to the external supply module 12 by means of light and / or image conductors I Ia integrated in the guide devices.
• the external supply module 12 serves to supply the illumination device 11 with the necessary light and to receive the image signals of the entry optics 9 and 9a.
• the images can be viewed directly visually.
• the image signals can be recorded with imaging sensors and analyzed photogrammetrically.
• the external supply module 12 includes means for mechanically moving the optical heads 7 and 7a.
• FIGS. 2a and 2b schematically show the influence of the distance 10 or 10b of the entrance optics pairs 9 and 9a on the accuracy of the depth information.
• FIG. 2 a schematically shows a metrologically unfavorable situation with an acute angle 21, which is defined by the distance 10 and the distance 20.
• the distance 20 is the mean distance of the entrance optics pairs to the point 22 on the object surface 4.
• Figure 2b shows schematically a metrologically favorable situation with a large angle 21b, by the large distance 10b and the relatively small distance 20b to the point 22b on the surface 4b is defined.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows the side view of the endoscope 1 in the closed state.
• the optical heads 7 and 7a are rotated by the angle 30 and 30a.
• one of the two image guides 6 or 6a can be displaced along its axis by the distance 31.
• the endoscope 1 can easily be taken out of the through-hole 2 remaining at the location or pushed into the measuring location.
• the optical heads 7 and 7 a are positioned such that their outer edges do not protrude beyond the cross-sectional area of the guide means provided by the tube 13.
• the two optical heads are turned out with the angles 30 and 30a and optionally longitudinally displaced by the distance 31.
• the rotational movement of the two image conductors 6 and 6a by the angles 30 and 30a is typically in the range of 140 to 170 degrees in order to obtain an optimum distance of the entrance optics pair for the metrology.
• the entry optics 9 and 9a are symmetrical to the illumination device 11.
• the optical system 5 is inserted into the lead-through tube 2 with the optical heads 7 and 7a screwed in.
• the optical heads 7 and 7a are now laterally rotated in the abdominal space by the angle 30 or 30a and optionally longitudinally displaced by the distance 31, so that their entry optics 9 and 9a form an optimal distance of the entrance optics pair to one another for the measurement technique.
• the rotational movements of the image guide and the optional longitudinal movement of one of the two image guides are play-free and precise possible with specially provided mechanical guides. This allows the endoscope to be calibrated for the unfolded state for optical measurements. After adjusting to the closed state and unfolding again, the system calibration is still valid.
• the closed state means that the optical heads 7 and 7a are not in their ready-to-measure positions. In the closed state, the outer edges of the optical heads 7 and 7a are not over the cross-sectional area of the guide devices.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of the individual components of the endoscope described in FIGS. 1 and 3.
• FIG. 5 schematically shows the side view of further details of the illumination device 11 of the endoscope.
• the illumination device 11 For the illumination of object surfaces with preferably white light serve the exit optics 50 and the light guide 52.
• the diffractive optical element 30 For the projection of structured light on the object surface is the diffractive optical element 30 with the light guide 51 for the supply of the laser beam.
• Schematically drawn is the tube 13 containing all the guiding devices, which is located in the bushing 2.
• FIG. 6 schematically shows, on the left, the top view of the optical system 5 in the closed state. The optical axes of the entrance optics 9 and 9a and the illumination device 1 1 are in close proximity to each other in the supervision.
• the optical head 7 or 7a with the axis beam parallel offset optics 8 and 8a is such that in the closed state, the outer edges do not project beyond the cross-sectional area of the guide means in the tube 13.
• the optical head 7 or 7a can be opened and closed by means of the sleeve 6 or enveloping the image guide 6 or 60a.
• the lighting device 1 1 is covered in the closed state by the optical heads 7 and 7a.
• FIG. 6 shows diagrammatically the center axes of the two image conductors 6 and 6a and the optical axes of the illumination device 11 and of the two entrance optics 9 and 9a on the right in the plan view, in the closed state.
• FIG. 7 schematically shows on the left the view of the optical system 5 in the unfolded state.
• the angle of rotation 30 about the axis of the image guide 6 is shown by way of example.
• the optical axes of the entrance optics 9 and 9a at a distance 10 are maximally apart.
• FIG. 7 schematically shows, on the right in the plan view of the optical system in the unfolded state, the optical axes of the two entrance optics 9 and 9a, which are spaced apart by 10.
• the lighting device 11 is not covered in the unfolded state by the optical heads.
• FIG. 8 schematically shows the top view of the optical system 5 in the unfolded state with another embodiment of the illumination device 11.
• the optical axes of the entrance optics 9 and 9a are at a distance 10 apart maximally.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows the side view of the optical system 5 with a lighting device 11 having a diffractive optical element 92 which divides the laser light beam guided through the optical waveguide 90 into structured light 94.
• the structured light 94 projects onto the surface 4 patterns of dots and / or dashes.
• the optical elements 93 and the image conductor 91 With the optical elements 93 and the image conductor 91, the measurement volume is illuminated with natural structures 96 present on object surfaces and / or attached flexible and / or rigid patterns 95. It is advantageous to use colored structured light and white light for lighting.
• FIG. 10 schematically shows the side view of a further embodiment of a structured light illumination device 11.
• the two exemplified light beams 103 and 104 are parallel to the optical axis 100 of the image guide 102.
• the optics 101 deflects the parallel light beams.
• the light beam 103 is deflected at a distance 106 from the optical axis 100 of the image conductor 102 by the optics 101 by the angle 105.
• the deflection angle 105 is preferably dependent on the distance 106.
• With a change in the distance 106 and thereby caused continuous movement of the light beam 103 can be generated with the optics 101 light patterns that move continuously in space.
• systematically moved light rays are projected onto the object surface 107 to be measured without moving the endoscope.
• the generation of parallel light beams at a distance 106 from the optical axis 100 is state of the art and will not be discussed further here.
• FIG. 11 shows schematically the side view of a further illumination device 1 1 for structured light.
• the two exemplified light beams 1 10 and 11 1 are not parallel to the optical axis 100 of the image guide 102.
• the optics 101 deflects the light rays.
• the light beam 110 is deflected at a distance 1 12 and an angle 113 to the optical axis 100 of the image guide 102 through the optics 101 by the angle 114.
• the deflection angle 114 is in this embodiment depending on the distance 112 and the angle 1 13.
• the generation of light beams which are not parallel to the optical axis 100 of the image guide 102 at a distance 1 12 and an angle 113 is prior art and will not be explained further here.
• FIG. 12 schematically shows the side view of a further embodiment of an optical system 5 with the optics heads 7 and 7a of an endoscope in the unfolded state.
• the imaging sensor 120 and associated electronic module 121 is integrated in the optical system 5.
• the visible object surface is transmitted to the common imaging sensor via the entrance optics 9 and 9a and the axis beam parallel-shifting optics 8 and 8a 120 shown.
• the distance 10 between the optical axes of the entrance optics 9 and 9a is defined adjustable for the measurement.
• the guide 122 in the tube 13 of the endoscope connects the electronic module 121 with the not shown in the figure supply module. Not shown is the lighting device.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
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• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Endoscopes (AREA)
• Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-08-20 WO PCT/EP2010/005128 patent/WO2011023339A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-08-20 DE DE112010003417T patent/DE112010003417A5/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-20 CN CN201080048684.2A patent/CN102573602B/zh active Active
  • 2010-08-20 JP JP2012525914A patent/JP5807787B2/ja active Active
  • 2010-08-20 US US13/391,128 patent/US9068824B2/en active Active
  • 2010-08-20 EP EP10752717A patent/EP2470058A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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