EP2461038B1 - Betriebssteuerungsverfahren für einen Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor - Google Patents

Betriebssteuerungsverfahren für einen Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2461038B1
EP2461038B1 EP11190467.8A EP11190467A EP2461038B1 EP 2461038 B1 EP2461038 B1 EP 2461038B1 EP 11190467 A EP11190467 A EP 11190467A EP 2461038 B1 EP2461038 B1 EP 2461038B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
load
pressure
pressure stage
gas
compression unit
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EP11190467.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2461038A2 (de
EP2461038A3 (de
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Hitoshi Takagi
Kenji Nagura
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/001—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of similar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/02—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for several pumps connected in series or in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/01—Load
    • F04C2270/015—Controlled or regulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/19—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/21—Pressure difference

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of performing operation control (hereinafter referred to as operation control method) of a displacement compressor configured to compress boil off gas (hereinafter referred to as BOG) generated by natural vaporization within a tank storing liquefied natural gas (LNG) and supply the compressed gas to a plant.
  • operation control method a displacement compressor configured to compress boil off gas (hereinafter referred to as BOG) generated by natural vaporization within a tank storing liquefied natural gas (LNG) and supply the compressed gas to a plant.
  • BOG boil off gas
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the pressure of BOG generated by natural vaporization within an LNG storage tank is raised by a BOG compressor to a pressure of natural gas delivered to power generation plant, town gas facilities or the like, the BOG is merged with natural gas that is released from an evaporator and is main part of the merged gas, and the merged gas is delivered to each of the above facilities.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing a configuration of LNG and BOG treatment equipment to which an operation control method according to the conventional technique is applied.
  • a BOG multistage compressor 38 includes a three-way valve 43, a cooler 45, temperature detectors 41, 42, and a control device 46 which governs the switching of the three-way valve 43.
  • switching the three-way valve 43 can switch between an operation form (operation form 1) in which discharge gas of a low-pressure stage side compression unit 39 is cooled by the cooler 45 to reduce the temperature thereof, and then the discharge gas is supplied to a high-pressure stage side compression unit 40, and an operation form (operation form 2) in which the discharge gas of the low-pressure stage side compression unit 39 does not pass through the cooler 45 and is supplied to the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40.
  • the discharge gas temperature of the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40 can be made lower than that in the operation form 2.
  • the operation form 1 is executed when, at the start-up of the BOG multistage compressor 38, there is fear that the suction gas temperature of the low-pressure stage side compression unit 39 is higher than that (e.g., -130°C) in steady operation (e.g., the suction gas temperature is 30°C) and the discharge gas temperature of the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40 exceeds an operation allowable temperature.
  • the operation form 2 is executed in the steady operation of the BOG multistage compressor 38.
  • the switching between both the operation forms is performed as follows. Namely, when it is detected by the temperature detector 41 that a high-pressure stage side discharge gas temperature is higher than a set temperature, the control device 46 switches the three-way valve 43 so that the operation by the operation form 2 is stopped and the operation by the operation form 1 is started. On the other hand, when a condition showing that there is no fear that the temperature of high-pressure stage side discharge gas never exceeds the operation allowable temperature is satisfied, the operation by the operation form 1 is stopped, and the operation by the operation form 2 is started. According to the above-mentioned operation control method, the discharge gas temperature of the high-pressure stage side compressor 40 can be prevented from exceeding the operation allowable temperature (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-213366 ).
  • the operation (operation form 1) such that the low-pressure stage side discharge gas is cooled by the cooler 45 to reduce the temperature thereof, and supplied to the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40 is performed, and thereby the temperature of high-pressure stage side discharge gas is prevented from exceeding the operation allowable temperature.
  • the pressure of discharge gas of the low-pressure stage side compression unit 39 and the pressure of suction gas of the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40 become lower than the pressures of those in steady operation.
  • the difference between the pressure of suction gas and the pressure of discharge gas (differential pressure) in the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40 is increased, resulting in an increased gas load in the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40.
  • the gas load means a quantity of force generated by the pressure of gas.
  • the gas load is loaded on a casing of the compressor. If the gas load is increased in the high-pressure stage side compression unit 40, a facility that can allow for the increased gas load is needed, generally resulting in an increased size of the compressor.
  • the conventional technique does not refer to countermeasures against such increase in gas load.
  • DE 10 2007 054 163 A1 discloses a method of performing operation control of a two-stage air compressor for use in an air brake of a vehicle.
  • the air compressor comprises an intercooler provided between a first compression stage with a low pressure cylinder and a second compression stage with a high pressure cylinder.
  • the ratio of the mean stage pressure of the first compression stage to the mean stage pressure of the second compression stage is set to be in a range from 1.3 to 1.7.
  • the present invention has an object to provide a method of performing operational control of a BOG multistage displacement compressor that, even if the temperature of low-pressure stage side suction gas is higher than that in steady operation in the BOG multistage displacement compressor, is capable of suppressing increase in load (gas load) due to a differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in a high-pressure stage-side compression unit.
  • the "load” in the present application is a nominal value of the ratio of "gas treatment quantity attained by a capacity adjusting device” to "gas treatment quantity when the capacity adjusting device is not operated” (the "gas treatment quantity when the capacity adjusting device is not operated” corresponds to a treatment quantity with 100% load).
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor may be configured so that suction temperature in the low-pressure stage compression unit can be detected, and the predetermined state may be set to a state where the detected temperature of the suction temperature is equal to or higher than a set temperature that is preset.
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor is configured so that suction temperature in the low-pressure stage compression unit can be detected, and the predetermined state is set to a state where the detected temperature of the suction temperature is equal to or higher than a set temperature that is preset, the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit can be suppressed even if the temperature of low-pressure stage side suction gas is higher than that in steady operation, and the gas load on the high-pressure stage side can be prevented from exceeding the allowable gas load, as described above.
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor may be configured so that a differential pressure between suction pressure and discharge pressure of the high-pressure stage compression unit can be detected, and the predetermined state may be a state since it is determined that the differential pressure is equal to or more than a first set differential pressure that is preset, until it is determined that the differential pressure reaches a second set differential pressure that is preset and smaller than the first set differential pressure.
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor is configured so that a differential pressure between suction pressure and discharge pressure of the high-pressure stage compression unit can be detected, and the predetermined state is a state since it is determined that the differential pressure is equal to or more than a first set differential pressure that is preset, until it is determined that the differential pressure reaches a second set differential pressure that is preset and smaller than the first set differential pressure, the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit can be suppressed similarly to the above even if the temperature of low-pressure stage side suction gas is higher than that in steady operation, and the gas load on the high-pressure stage side can be prevented from exceeding the allowable gas load.
  • the operation form is decided based on the differential pressure on the high-pressure stage side directly involved in the gas load on the high-pressure stage side, the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit can be surely suppressed even if the pressure of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side is fluctuated due to fluctuation in gas demand quantity at a supply destination or the like, and the gas load can be prevented from exceeding the allowable gas load.
  • discharge gas of the low pressure compression unit may pass through a cooler, and be supplied to the high-pressure stage compression unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a systematic diagram of LNG and BOG treatment equipment to which the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied
  • Fig. 2 is a view for illustrating temporal change in BOG temperature just after start-up in the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a BOG multistage compressor 8 for compressing BOG generated by natural vaporization within an LNG storage tank 2 storing liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1 and supplying the compressed BOG to a plant not shown, which is composed of a reciprocating compressor including a low-pressure stage compression unit 9 and a high-pressure stage compression unit 10.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 is configured so as to be capacity-adjustable by a low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 including a suction valve unloader 9a and a head end unloader 9b
  • the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 is configured so as to be capacity-adjustable by a high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 including a suction valve unloader 10a and a head end unloader 10b.
  • an LNG extraction line 3 is connected to the LNG storage tank 2 of liquefied natural gas (LNG) 1, an LNG pump 4 and an evaporator 5 for vaporizing LNG with seawater or the like are connected to the line 3, and a gas transfer line 6 for the vaporized gas is connected to, for example, a gas turbine of a power generation plant not shown.
  • a BOG delivery line 7 is connected to a top portion of the LNG storage tank 2, and the BOG multistage compressor 8 is connected to the BOG delivery line 7.
  • the BOG multistage compressor 8 is configured to simultaneously drive the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 and the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 by one drive motor 11.
  • the BOG delivery line 7 is connected to the suction side of the low-pressure stage compression unit 9, and the discharge side of the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 is connected to the suction side of the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 by an intermediate line 12.
  • a discharge line 17 on the discharge side of the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 of the BOG multistage compressor 8 is connected to the gas transfer line 6 through a junction portion 23.
  • the LNG storage tank 2 includes a pressure detector 24 for detecting gas pressure of BOG in the tank 2, and a detection value thereof is input to a controller 25.
  • the controller 25 performs operation control so as to start and operate the BOG multistage compressor 8 when the gas pressure of BOG in the tank 2 detected by the pressure detector 24 exceeds a set pressure, and to stop the compressor 8 when the gas pressure of BOG in the tank 2 is reduced to a predetermined value.
  • a temperature curve A indicates the temperature of suction gas on the low-pressure stage side
  • a pressure curve B indicates the pressure of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side at a position P2 on the discharge line 17 of Fig. 1
  • a pressure curve C indicates the pressure of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side (the pressure of suction gas on the high-pressure stage side) at a position P1 on the intermediate line 12 of Fig. 1
  • a gas load curve D indicates the gas load (compression load) on the high-pressure stage side.
  • the temperature of suction gas of the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 (the temperature of BOG derived from the LNG storage tank 2) maintains substantially the same level as that at start-up for an extremely short time and gradually drops, as shown by the temperature curve A of Fig. 2 .
  • the pressure of suction gas on the high-pressure stage side starts from the level obtained at start-up, and reaches a level of P_11 which is lower than a pressure P_13 of suction gas in steady operation within an extremely short time (time s1), as shown by a dashed-dotted line in the pressure curve C of Fig. 2 . Thereafter, the pressure of suction gas on the high-pressure stage side gradually increases according to the change of the pressure curve C, and stabilizes at the pressure P_13.
  • the pressure of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side starts from the level obtained at start-up, reaches a pressure P_h1, which is obtained in steady operation, in an extremely short time (time s1), and gets into a stabilized state, as shown by the pressure curve B of Fig. 2 .
  • the gas load on the high-pressure stage side with the same load ratio as in steady operation starts from zero, exceeds an allowable gas load GL_h on the high-pressure stage side in an extremely short time, and reaches a high level of GL_4, as shown by a dashed-dotted line in the gas load curve D of Fig. 2 . Thereafter, it gradually decreases and stabilizes near a gas load GL_2.
  • the controller 25 when the BOG multistage compressor 8 is started, the controller 25 performs operation control on the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 during the time from the start-up to time s2 described below so that the load ratio R is larger than that in steady operation. For example, the control is performed so that the low-pressure stage side load is 100% and the high-pressure stage side load is 75%.
  • the pressure of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side rises and reaches a pressure P_14 at time s2 as shown by a solid line of the pressure curve C in Fig. 2 .
  • the pressure of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side starts from the level obtained at start-up, reaches the pressure P_h1, which is obtained in steady operation, and, after an extremely short time (time s1), gets into a stabilized state, similarly to the case in which the load ratio is the same as in steady operation.
  • the gas load increases during the time from the start-up to time s1 and reaches a GL_3 at the time s1 as shown by a solid line of the pressure curve D of Fig. 2 . Note that this GL_3 is suppressed to a level lower than the allowable gas load GL_h. After the time s1, the gas load decreases and reaches GL_1 at time s2.
  • the controller 25 compares a temperature of low-pressure stage-side suction gas detected by the temperature detector 26 with a set temperature T1 (e.g., -45°C) that is preset. As a result of the comparison, when the detected temperature of low-pressure stage-side suction gas reaches the set temperature T1 (or when the detected temperature of low-pressure stage-side suction gas becomes lower than the set temperature T1), that is, at the time s2 in Fig. 2 , the controller 25 controls the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22, so that the load ratio R is equal to that in steady operation. For example, the control is performed so that the low-pressure stage-side load is 100%, and the high-pressure stage-side load is 100%.
  • T1 e.g., -45°C
  • the pressure of discharge gas on the lower pressure stage side (the pressure of suction gas on the high-pressure stage side) temporally decreases.
  • the gas load on discharge stage side accordingly increases.
  • the pressure of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side (the pressure of suction gas on the high-pressure stage side) decreases to the P_12 until time s3, and starts to increase again. Accordingly, the gas load on the discharge stage side increases until the time s3 and then starts to decrease.
  • the pressure of low-pressure stage-side discharge gas (the pressure of high-pressure stage-side suction gas) further gradually increases and gets into a stabilized state at the pressure P_13, and the gas load on the discharge stage side gradually decreases and gets into a stabilized state at the gas load GL_2.
  • the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit can be suppressed to prevent the gas load from exceeding the allowable gas load GL_h.
  • Example of the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is then described with reference to Fig. 1 .
  • both the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10 are operated with 100% load (Comparative Example-1 of Table 1).
  • the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary compression unit 10 are operated with 100% load and with 75% load, respectively, by the capacity adjusting devices 21 (the suction valve unloader 9a, the head end unloader 9b, etc.) and 22 (the suction valve unloader 10a, the head end unloader 10b, etc.) of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary compression unit 10.
  • the load ratio in start-up is larger than the load ratio in steady operation (refer to Example of Table 1).
  • Table 2 shows suction/discharge gas pressures of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10, and compression loads and tension loads of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10, in each operation form of Table 1.
  • Comparative Example-1 of Table 2 in the steady operation state of the BOG multistage displacement compressor, the compression load on the secondary side is about 8,990 kgf.
  • the compression load on the secondary side reaches a level exceeding the allowable gas load of 9,000 kgf, concretely, 9,040 kgf in Comparative Example-2 and 9,020 kgf in Comparative Example-3, as shown in Comparative Examples-2 and 3 of Table 2.
  • the compression load on the secondary side is suppressed to a level not exceeding 9,000 kgf of the allowable gas load, concretely, to 8,400 kgf, as shown in Example of Table 2.
  • This effect of Example is obtained by setting the load ratio in the start-up operation larger than that in the steady operation.
  • Fig. 3 is a systematic diagram of LNG and BOG treatment equipment to which the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor of Embodiment 2 of the present invention is applied.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same structure as the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 except that the type of the BOG multistage displacement compressor and the structures of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device are differed from those in Embodiment 1. Therefore, about the differences from the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 are described below while assigning the same reference numbers to the same ones as Embodiment 1.
  • the capacity of the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 is adjusted by the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 including the suction valve unloader 9a and the head end unloader 9b
  • the capacity of the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 is adjusted by the high pressure capacity adjusting device 22 including the suction valve unloader 10a and the head end unloader 10b.
  • a BOG multistage displacement compressor of Embodiment 2 shown in Fig. 3 in a BOG multistage compressor 18 composed of a screw compressor, the capacity of a low-pressure stage compression unit 19 is adjusted by a low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device including a slide valve 19a and the capacity of a high-pressure stage compression unit 20 is adjusted by a high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device including a slide valve 20a.
  • the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit 20 can be suppressed similarly to the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, and the gas load can be prevented from exceeding the allowable gas load GL_h.
  • a case in which a reciprocating compressor is applied to the BOG multistage compressor will be given as an example with reference to Fig .4.
  • Fig. 4 is a systematic diagram of LNG and BOG treatment equipment to which an operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is applied.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is in common with the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 in many structural points. Therefore, in Fig. 4 , the same reference numbers are assigned to the same ones as in Embodiment 1 ( Fig. 1 ) to omit the description thereof.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention includes a differential pressure gauge 27 so that a differential pressure ⁇ P between the pressure of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side located at a position P1 on the intermediate line 12 (the pressure of high-pressure stage-side suction gas) and the pressure of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side located at a position P2 on the discharge line 17 can be detected, while the latter includes the temperature detector 26 provided in the BOG delivery line 7 so that the temperature of suction gas on the low-pressure stage side can be detected.
  • the difference is mainly described below.
  • the operation control method of the BOG multistage displacement compressor 8 of Embodiment 1 the temperature of low-pressure stage-side suction gas is detected by the temperature detector 26 interposed in the BOG delivery line 7, and the operation control is performed by the operation control method (1).
  • the differential pressure ⁇ P between the pressure of low-pressure stage side discharge gas (the pressure of high-pressure stage-side suction gas) and the pressure of high-pressure stage side discharge gas is detected by the differential pressure gauge 27, and the operation control is performed by an operation control method (2) which will be described below.
  • the controller 25 compares the differential pressure ⁇ P detected by the differential pressure gauge 27 with a first set differential pressure ⁇ P1 that is preset within the controller 25.
  • the controller 25 controls the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 so that the load ratio R is larger than that in steady operation.
  • control is performed so that the low-pressure stage-side load is 100% and the high-pressure stage-side load is 75%. Accordingly, the gas load on the high-pressure stage side is suppressed to a level lower than the allowable gas load GL_h.
  • the controller 25 further compares the differential pressure ⁇ P detected by the differential pressure gauge 27 with a second set differential pressure ⁇ P2. As a result of the comparison, when the differential pressure ⁇ P detected by the differential pressure gauge 27 is smaller than the second differential pressure ⁇ P2, the controller 25 controls the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 so that the load ratio R is equal to that in steady operation. For example, the low-pressure stage-side load is set to 100%, and the high-pressure stage-side load is set to100%.
  • the second set differential pressure ⁇ P2 is preset to a value smaller than the first set differential pressure ⁇ P1.
  • the operation form is decided based on the differential pressure ⁇ P on the high-pressure stage side that is directly related to the gas load on the high-pressure stage side.
  • Fig. 5 is a systematic diagram of LNG and BOG treatment equipment to which the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor of Embodiment 4 of the present invention is applied.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is in common with the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 in many structural points. Therefore, in Fig. 5 , the same reference numbers are assigned to the same members as in Embodiment 1 ( Fig. 1 ) to omit the description thereof. Differences between Embodiment 4 of the present invention and Embodiment 1 are mainly described below.
  • a three-way valve 13 is connected to the middle of the intermediate line 12.
  • the three-way valve 13 includes, at its outlet side, a selector port 13a connected to the intermediate line 12, and a selector port 13b connected to a bypass line 14.
  • a cooler 15 is connected to the bypass line 14, and its downstream side is connected to the intermediate line 12.
  • the cooler 15 includes a cooling pipe 16 through which cooling water such as seawater is passed.
  • the selector ports 13a, 13b of the three-way valve 13 are switched by a control valve 28, and the control valve 28 is controlled by the controller 25 for the opening/closing.
  • the controller 25 compares a temperature of low-pressure stage-side suction gas detected by the temperature detector 26 with a set temperature T1 (e.g., -45°C) that is preset. As a result of the comparison, when the temperature is higher than the set temperature T1, the controller 25 controls the control valve 28 for the opening/closing so that an outlet port of the three-way valve 13 is switched to the selector port 13b. Simultaneously, the controller 25 controls the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 so that the load ratio R is larger than that in steady operation. For example, the control is performed so that the low-pressure stage side load is 100%, and the high-pressure stage side load is 75%.
  • T1 e.g., -45°C
  • BOG from the BOG delivery line 7 is compressed by the low-pressure stage compression unit 9, branched from the intermediate line 12 at the selector port 13b of the three-way valve 13, introduced into the bypass line 14, and cooled by the cooler 15.
  • the BOG is then merged into the intermediate line 12 to enter the high-pressure stage compression unit 10, compressed therein, passes the discharge line 17 and the junction portion 23, and then is supplied together with natural gas in the gas transfer line 6 to the plant.
  • the controller 25 controls the control valve 28 for the opening/closing so that the outlet port of the three-way valve 13 is switched to the selector port 13a, and thereby the discharge gas from the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 is directly supplied from the intermediate line 12 to the high-pressure stage compression unit 10.
  • the controller 25 controls the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 so that the load ratio R is equal to that in steady operation. For example, the operation is performed so that the low-pressure stage-side load is 100%, and the high-pressure stage-side load is 100%.
  • the increase in load (gas load) due to the differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas in the high-pressure stage compression unit 10 can be suppressed to prevent the gas load from exceeding the allowable gas load GL_h.
  • the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 is controlled so that the load ratio R is larger than that in steady operation, the gas load on the low-pressure stage side is increased in stead of reduction of the gas load on the high-pressure stage side, and the temperature of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side rises.
  • the operation of the low-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 21 and the high-pressure stage capacity adjusting device 22 is controlled so that the load ratio R is larger than that in steady operation, and since the other operation is simultaneously controlled so that the BOG compressed by the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 passes the bypass line 14, is cooled by the cooler 15, and then merges into the intermediate line 12 to enter the high-pressure stage compression unit 10, the temperature of discharge gas on the low-pressure stage side is suppressed from rising. Therefore, the temperature of discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side never exceeds an allowable upper limit temperature.
  • Example of the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 5 .
  • both the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10 are operated with 100% load (Comparative Example-4 of Table 3).
  • the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10 are operated respectively with 100% load and with 75% load by the capacity adjusting devices 21 (the suction valve unloader 9a, the head end unloader 9b, etc.) and 22 (the suction valve unloader 10a, the head end unloader 10b, etc.) of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10.
  • the load ratio in start-up is larger than the load ratio in steady operation (refer to Example of Table 3).
  • Table 4 shows suction/discharge gas pressures of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10 in each operation form of Table 1, and compression loads and tension loads of the primary side compression unit 9 and the secondary side compression unit 10.
  • Comparative Example-4 of Table 3 when the BOG multistage displacement compressor is in the steady operation state, the compression load on the secondary side is about 8,490 kfg.
  • the load ratio in start-up is set to the same value as the load ratio in steady operation, the compression load on the secondary side reaches 9,230 kgf (1.09 times that in Comparative Example 4) and 8,970 kgf (1.06 times that in Comparative Example-4) as shown in Comparative Examples-5, 6 in Table 4.
  • Example 4 the compression load on the secondary side is suppressed to 8,540 kgf (1.01 times that in Comparative Example-4).
  • the effect is obtained by setting the load ratio to a value larger than that in steady operation and performing the operation control so that the BOG compressed by the low-pressure stage compression unit 9 passes the bypass line 14, is cooled by the cooler 15, and then merges into the intermediate line 12 to enter the high-pressure stage compression unit 10.
  • the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor of the present invention under a predetermined state, operation control is performed so that the ratio (road ratio) of the load R of the low-pressure stage compression unit to the load of the high-pressure stage compression unit in the BOG multistage displacement compressor is larger than those under states other than the predetermined state.
  • the operation performed with a large load ratio R means that compression ratio of the low-pressure stage compression unit is increased, and compression ratio of the high-pressure stage compression unit is decreased. Accordingly, the gas load on the high-pressure stage side is reduced.
  • the low-pressure stage-side suction gas has a temperature higher than that in steady operation, the gas load on the high-pressure stage side can be prevented from exceeding an allowable gas load.
  • the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to the present invention has been described while taking a reciprocating compressor and a screw compressor as examples, and the capacity adjusting device is explained while taking a suction valve unloader, a head end unloader and a slide valve as examples.
  • the present invention is never limited to them, but the operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor according to the present invention can be applied to various types of displacement compressors and BOG displacement compressors including capacity adjusting devices of various configurations.
  • an operation control method for a BOG multistage displacement compressor including connected multiple displacement compression units for compressing boil off gas (BOG) generated from liquefied natural gas, including: under a predetermined state, performing operation control so that the ratio (load ratio) of a load of a low-pressure stage compression unit to a load of a high-pressure stage compression unit in the BOG multistage displacement compressor is larger than load ratios under states other than the predetermined state.
  • the BOG multistage displacement compressor is configured so that suction temperature in the low-pressure stage compression unit can be detected, and the predetermined state is set to a state where the detected temperature of the suction temperature is equal to or higher than a set temperature that is preset.
  • the load (gas load) due to a differential pressure between suction gas and discharge gas on the high-pressure stage side can be prevented from exceeding an allowable gas load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zur Durchführung der Betriebssteuerung eines Mehr-stufen-Verdrängungskompressors (8; 18), der mehrere verbundene Stufen von Verdrängungskompressionseinheiten (9, 10; 19, 20) aufweist, um aus Flüssigerdgas (1) erzeugtes Verdampfungsverlustgas zu komprimieren, wobei das Verfahren durch Folgendes gekennzeichnet ist:
    unter einem vorbestimmten Zustand, wenn es in einer Hochdruck-stufen-Kompressionseinheit (10; 20) aufgrund eines Differenzdrucks zwischen Ansauggas und Austrittsgas eine Lasterhöhung gibt, Durchführen der Betriebssteuerung so, dass im Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor (8; 18) das Verhältnis einer Last einer Niedrig-druckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (9; 19) zur Last der Hochdruckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (10; 20) größer als die Lastverhältnisse unter anderen Zuständen als dem vorbestimmten Zustand ist, wodurch die Last der Hochdruckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (10; 20) reduziert wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor (8; 18) so gestaltet ist, dass die Saugtemperatur in der Niedrigdruckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (9; 19) erfasst werden kann, und der vorbestimmte Zustand auf einen Zustand eingestellt wird, in dem die erfasste Temperatur der Saugtemperatur größer oder gleich einer Sollwerttemperatur ist, die voreingestellt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    der Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor (8; 18) so gestaltet ist, dass ein Differenzdruck zwischen dem Saugdruck und dem Austrittsdruck der Hochdruckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (10) erfasst werden kann, und
    der vorbestimmte Zustand ein Zustand ist, ab dem festgestellt wird, dass der Differenzdruck größer oder gleich einem ersten Sollwertdifferenzdruck ist, der voreingestellt wird, bis festgestellt wird, dass der Differenzdruck einen zweiten Sollwertdifferenzdruck erreicht, der voreingestellt wird und kleiner als der erste Sollwertdifferenzdruck ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, wenn die Betriebssteuerung so durchgeführt wird, dass das Lastverhältnis unter dem vorbestimmten Zustand größer als die Lastverhältnisse unter anderen Zuständen als dem vorbestimmten Zustand ist, Austrittsgas der Niedrigdruck-Kompressionseinheit (9; 19) durch einen Kühler (15) geht und der Hochdruckstufen-Kompressionseinheit (10; 20) zugeführt wird.
EP11190467.8A 2010-12-06 2011-11-24 Betriebssteuerungsverfahren für einen Mehrstufen-Verdrängungskompressor Active EP2461038B1 (de)

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JP2010271577A JP5261466B2 (ja) 2010-12-06 2010-12-06 Ｂｏｇ多段容積型圧縮機の運転制御方法

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JP6036604B2 (ja) 2013-08-22 2016-11-30 株式会社デンソー 電動圧縮機
JP2016070218A (ja) * 2014-09-30 2016-05-09 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ガスタービン発電装置及びガスタービン発電装置の制御方法
WO2016059996A1 (ja) * 2014-10-15 2016-04-21 株式会社Ihi Ｂｏｇ圧縮設備とレシプロ圧縮機の制御方法
JP6551684B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2019-07-31 株式会社三井Ｅ＆Ｓマシナリー 燃料ガス供給システム及び燃料ガス供給方法
CN107165823B (zh) * 2017-07-19 2019-05-14 张谭伟 一种多功能空压机及含该空压机的气电系统
TWI681122B (zh) * 2018-09-12 2020-01-01 復盛股份有限公司 流體機械
JP7443871B2 (ja) * 2020-03-25 2024-03-06 Smc株式会社 増圧装置

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JPS626490U (de) * 1985-06-26 1987-01-16
JP3045243B2 (ja) * 1990-05-01 2000-05-29 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 低温ガス圧縮機の運転制御方法
JP4009426B2 (ja) * 2001-01-16 2007-11-14 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Ｂｏｇ圧縮機の起動時の運転制御方法
JP3837298B2 (ja) * 2001-03-07 2006-10-25 株式会社神戸製鋼所 スクリュ冷凍機
US8591199B2 (en) * 2007-01-11 2013-11-26 Conocophillips Company Multi-stage compressor/driver system and method of operation
DE102007054163A1 (de) * 2007-11-12 2009-05-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Zweistufiger Luftverdichter
WO2009112479A1 (de) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-17 Burckhardt Compression Ag Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen von erdgasbrennstoff

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CN102562556A (zh) 2012-07-11
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EP2461038A2 (de) 2012-06-06
EP2461038A3 (de) 2012-10-03

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