EP2456616A1 - Corps composite - Google Patents

Corps composite

Info

Publication number
EP2456616A1
EP2456616A1 EP10737294A EP10737294A EP2456616A1 EP 2456616 A1 EP2456616 A1 EP 2456616A1 EP 10737294 A EP10737294 A EP 10737294A EP 10737294 A EP10737294 A EP 10737294A EP 2456616 A1 EP2456616 A1 EP 2456616A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite body
body according
core
laminate
foam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10737294A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sven Brauers
Rouven Brauers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydroflex Technologies GmbH filed Critical Hydroflex Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP2456616A1 publication Critical patent/EP2456616A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite body, for example and in particular an aircraft component or a sports device for surfing or the like, and uses.
  • DE 39 40 707 Al discloses devices for thermal and / or sound insulation with a base body made of an elastically deformable base material with predominantly open cells and a barrier layer.
  • the barrier layer is formed as a gas-tight envelope, which encloses the base body gas-tight.
  • the air pressure in the interior is less than the air pressure of the ambient air surrounding the shell.
  • DE 603 17 340 T2 discloses insulating constructions useful in garments, sleeping bags, air mattresses and the like, wherein the insulating values of the garment or other constructions are adjustable by the user.
  • the multilayer construction according to the invention comprises an insulating layer which is adhesively held in place with respect to all the other components in the construction, thereby solving an existing problem associated with known insulated garments and the like, namely the migration of insulation within the garment components. resulting in unwanted warm and / or cold areas within a construction that should be uniformly insulating, is reduced.
  • a multilayer inflatable and airlaid composite element comprising at least two layers of a flexible, waterproof, air-impermeable, optionally water-vapor permeable material, the two layers forming at least one inflatable cell therebetween.
  • the two layers have at least one additional layer of porous insulating material disposed between them within the cell.
  • AT 406 341 B discloses in particular a method for producing a molded part with at least one hollow body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a ski or ski components, wherein at least one molded resin-impregnated pulp, deformable hollow chamber is formed in a closed mold by internal gas pressure, wherein the Generation of the internal gas pressure in the interior of the deformable hollow chamber, a the interior of the hollow chamber only partially filling amount of liquid is introduced, whereupon after gas-tight completion of the hollow chamber, the liquid is heated above its boiling point. This results in hardening materialless cores, which are surrounded by individual layers of a sheath.
  • DE 33 15 776 A1 discloses multi-part elastic hollow bodies which are shaped differently and are surrounded by different different materials, so that cluster-like structures are formed, these hollow bodies reinforcing the correspondingly formed structures due to their special design.
  • AT 403 251 B discloses, in particular, skis which have at least one inner materialless hollow core. surrounded by several layers, whereby by pressure application, the mechanical properties of the skis can be changed.
  • US 4,753,836 discloses a classic core-laminate coated composite body.
  • Well-known devices for surfing such as surfboards, windsurfing boards, skateboards, skimboards, wakeboards, kneeboards or kiteboards can consist of a base made of foam, which is brought in a first step in a desired board-like shape with a top and bottom, and in a second step with laminate coatings.
  • the laminate coatings are carried out in two consecutive production runs, since both the top and underside of the board-type base body have to be laminated separately in order to obtain complete laminate coating of the base body.
  • the laminate coating can also be done in a consolidation pass.
  • US 4,753,836 discloses inter alia a device, in particular a sports equipment for surfing or the like, with a base body of foam, which has at least one laminate coating of a fabric laminate and a ballast, wherein an intermediate layer between the base body and the laminate coating is in the form of a board, wherein the board is laminated to the base and the laminate laminate with laminate over it is laminated.
  • a surfboard is subjected to considerable stress, which can lead to the deformation of the surfboard of up to 30 cm.
  • the problem arises that the lami- natummantelung at the points of the main body Foam triggers where compression due to mechanical stress of the surfboard occurs.
  • This solution process of laminate sheath proceeds with further use of the surfboard on and causes the surfboard can not be used as intended and eventually breaks.
  • the mechanical stresses on surfboards, depending on the purpose and user due to the different wind and wave forces and the different weights of the surfer are very different with respect to the device having a core and a surrounding laminate coating. For higher mechanical forces, the laminate thicknesses have to be made differently strong for such devices, which is associated with sometimes considerable weight increases, which are undesirable in many cases.
  • this object of the invention is achieved by a composite body according to claim 1 and a use according to claim 37.
  • the body according to the invention has a core, which is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, for example, and in particular of polystyrene, and at least partially surrounding this core laminate coating on.
  • a core which is at least partially formed as an open-pore foam, for example, and in particular of polystyrene, and at least partially surrounding this core laminate coating on.
  • At least in part of the Core and / or in at least one of the part of the laminate coating is overpressure or at least in a part of the core and / or at least in a part of the laminate coating overpressure feasible, for example, and in particular by the introduction of air, via a means for adjusting For example, and in particular via a valve, so that experience shows that in a range of up to approx.
  • the flexural rigidity of the body according to the invention can be significantly increased without that a usual delamination occurs and this would lead to a complete destruction of the body.
  • Such an embodiment realizes such an intimate connection of the individual layers with each other or between the core and laminate coating, wherein the embodiment with a core layer is such a layer which is a layer of a core material, in particular foam material in the laminate coating, so that when applying an internal pressure due to the tensile and compressive forces, the delamination processes do not occur; Consequently, the core layer acts as an additive for the core.
  • connection between the core and a laminate sheathing can be considerably improved even under extreme mechanical loads. Furthermore, an optimal combination of lightness, flexibility and stability can be achieved.
  • the ballast can penetrate and thus by the enlarged surface and the improved engagement by the roughened surface an improved connection between the surface of the core and / or the Core layer of foam and the laminate sheath effect.
  • the recesses are groove-shaped, so that along the line-shaped grooves a particularly firm connection between the base body made of foam and the laminate sheathing is given.
  • At least in sections in the grooves at least sections fabric laminate is arranged.
  • a significant increase in strength can be achieved by, for example, a plurality, preferably 1 to 20, longitudinally extending grooves are milled into the body and then the Fabric laminate is pressed into the grooves, for example by means of a suitable tool.
  • the grooves can be filled with ballast before being pressed in.
  • the fabric laminate can be applied in the form of fabric laminate strips, for example 15 to 35 cm wide. However, fabric laminate strips of smaller or greater width or a full-area fabric laminate layer can also be used. Subsequently, the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound.
  • the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which further increases the stability and strength.
  • the grooves have a depth of up to 4 cm, in order to provide a connection between the core or the core layer of foam and the laminate sheath which also withstands extreme mechanical stresses.
  • the grooves run parallel and / or crossing on the surface of the body in order to achieve a direction-independent improvement of the connection.
  • the recesses are formed vertical hole.
  • the vertical hole-shaped recesses may be conical or cylindrical and have a depth of up to 8 cm and a diameter of up to 5 mm.
  • the depressions can also connect the top and bottom of the board-shaped core or the core layer to one another by forming passages, so that the two laminate coatings are directly connected to one another by bed mass in the passages.
  • the depressions Preferably, however, the depressions have a depth of 1 to 2 cm and a diameter of 1 to 3 mm, the depressions preferably being regular are arranged.
  • the core or the core layer has a regular pattern with depressions, in which the ballast compound can penetrate and thus improves the connection between the base body of foam and the laminate sheath.
  • the basic body can also be provided with an irregular pattern.
  • the intermediate layer comprises material of the core and the bedding mass.
  • the interlayer has mechanical properties that relieve stress that occurs at an interface of two different materials under mechanical stress.
  • the intermediate layer comprises material of the fabric laminate.
  • fabric laminate sections can be pressed into the core or the core layer or the core or the core layer is coated with the fabric laminate and then the fabric laminate is punctiformly pressed into the body or the core layer.
  • devices may be used such as a jigsaw with blunt tip or a truncated needle roller. Such a device also withstands extreme loads.
  • the fabric laminate preferably consists of art and / or natural fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, mixed fibers, carbon fibers, PMI fibers (polymethacrylimide), glass filament fabrics, carbon fabrics, fiberglass fabrics, hemp fiber fabrics, dyneema fibers, bamboo fabrics, texalium fibers, parabeam ( Spacer fabric), cotton fibers, kevlar fibers, basalt fabric, fiberglass layer / fabric, glass roving fabric, or a combination of the named materials.
  • the tissue surface weight in the case of glass fibers is 80 g / m 2 to 480 g / m 2 and, in the case of aramid, 60 g / m 2 to 400 g / m 2 . If particularly high loads are to be expected, the fabric surface weight in the case of glass fibers or aramid can be up to 1000 g / m 2 .
  • the fabric laminate preferably has at least one weave from the group consisting of linen, twill 1/3, twill 2/2 unidirectionally, glass staple fiber fabric, glass roving fabric, carbon scrim, biaxial scrim.
  • foams which, depending on the preparation, may be open-pore to closed-pore, but are preferably polyurethane or polystyrene foams which are easy and cost-effective to process.
  • PVC Core-Cell SAN
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • PMI foam polymethacrylimide
  • PMA foam polymethacrylamide
  • EPS foam expandable polystyrene
  • SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile
  • polymer foam SP 110 phenolic foam.
  • a natural resin and / or a synthetic resin an unsaturated polyester resin (UP), epoxy resin (EP), vinyl ester resin (VE) or polyurethane resin (PU) are used as a bedding compound.
  • UP unsaturated polyester resin
  • EP epoxy resin
  • VE vinyl ester resin
  • PU polyurethane resin
  • foams such as polyurethane or polystyrene can be easily coated or encased together with the above-mentioned fabric laminates.
  • the bedding compound is mixed with fillers.
  • ballast compounds may be hollow glass spheres, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, fiberglass chips, cotton flakes, microballoons, aluminum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicas or dyes or nanoparticles, in particular and for example made of carbon (for example Baytubes, Bayer) or aus Titan (for example from Ocean IT) or a combination thereof.
  • the adhesion and processability of the ballast compound can be positively influenced as well as an adaptation of the mechanical properties of the core or the core layer of foam can be achieved, so as to avoid detachment of the laminate coating or the core layer or the core layer ,
  • the core has at least one channel-like element, for example and in particular in the form of a channel or a hose, for example and in particular of polyethylene or PVC, which extends at least partially through the core, in order in this way appropriate pressure application to allow faster pressure equalization in the core itself.
  • a channel-like element for example and in particular in the form of a channel or a hose, for example and in particular of polyethylene or PVC, which extends at least partially through the core, in order in this way appropriate pressure application to allow faster pressure equalization in the core itself.
  • the core at least partially has at least one honeycomb-like structural element in order to provide an increase in the mechanical stability of the core with relatively little weight increase.
  • the core at least partially has a combination of foams, for example of polyurethane foams, in order to allow a tailor-made adaptation to the respective application areas in this way. Further, it is advantageous if the core at least partially fiber mats, fiberglass-perforated plates or fiber-reinforced foams, as these have proven to be extremely reliable in practice.
  • the overpressure is realized by means of at least one member from the group air, nitrogen, inert gas and fluid, in particular water and oils, as these members have proven in practice.
  • the laminate coating has an opening element, for example, and in particular in the form of a drain plug or a rotary valve, in order in this way to possibly undesirably penetrate liquids, in particular water, again by leaving the composite Body dismiss.
  • the composite body according to the invention has a pressure measuring element in order to print the appropriate
  • the means for adjusting an underpressure or overpressure has a cover element and / or is embedded in the composite body in order to protect it mechanically.
  • a markedly intensive and strong bond between the individual layers of the laminate coating and / or between the material core and laminate coating and / or between the core layer and at least one further layer of the laminate coating results in these being at least up to a maximum Pressure of about 5 bar is pressure-resistant, so that when an application of an overpressure but also a negative pressure no material failure occurs and, moreover, when applying an overpressure of the composite body according to the invention becomes stiffer.
  • the laminate coating is gas-tight in order to avoid disturbing pressure losses due to leaks.
  • the rigidity of such a construction is increased or lowered under reduced pressure with the pressure application, which in the case of surfboards leads to the fact that, with appropriate application, a stiffness of the surfboard optimally adapted to the respective wave conditions can be set.
  • the flexibility is adaptable, wherein moreover liquid intakes, especially of water, by establishing an overpressure is avoided or already in the composite body according to the invention befindliches water or other liquids are pushed out accordingly via a possible drain valve.
  • the material properties, in particular the flexibility of the composite body, can be adjusted particularly well if, advantageously, the ratio of the laminate coating thicknesses of opposing sides is in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 3.
  • the necessary intimate bonding of the individual laminate layers in the laminate coating itself is achieved, for example, and in particular by the laminate coating having at least one fabric laminate and a bedding compound, with an intermediate layer between the core and the laminate coating and / or with an intermediate layer between a core layer Laminate coating and at least one NEN part of the laminate coating, wherein the intermediate layer has a recessed layer of foam.
  • the composite body according to the invention can thus be adapted in terms of its properties, in particular with regard to its rigidity and Beulfestigket (as explained above), moreover, a significant increase in the safety of a composite body is achieved because at an unwanted pressure equalization or loss of Composite body has sufficient residual stability to avoid complete failure. If the core consists predominantly of open-celled foams, in particular a water absorption by an existing overpressure can be completely and reliably prevented. Elaborate and costly repairs due to penetrated water and problems caused by osmosis can be reliably prevented, for example, in yacht building.
  • molds to be shaped can be designed relatively freely by means of milling or by hand, for example by making them out of foam blocks.
  • shear failure ie the occurrence not only of bumps in the case of pressure application, but actually the "collapse" of the different layers of material laminate downwards in the direction of the core, this is achieved by a corresponding application of an overpressure in the core. ranges and thus a much higher stability with very high weight savings in relation to conventional methods in which corresponding solid form elements are incorporated on or in the core, for example in surfboards the so-called.
  • the composite bodies according to the invention are dimensionally stable and reproducibly accurate in terms of their dimensions, and moreover their characteristic can be controlled by pressure change, which has a direct effect on the characteristics of the composite body.
  • such an aircraft wing or a wing of a wind turbine can be adapted to the respective prevailing conditions or areas of use, the higher the pressure, the stiffer the construction as such is.
  • Possible applications are, for example, and in particular surfboards, wings, wind turbines, Yacht building, automotive area as well as architecture.
  • Surfboards The characteristics of a surfboard can be customized, with a low pressure application resulting in an increase in flexibility.
  • the board can be stiffened by increasing the internal pressure.
  • the internal pressure significantly increases the stability of the board. The bigger the waves, the bigger the internal pressure, the more stable the board. Overpressure will not absorb water if damaged.
  • Wing The flexibility and characteristics can be optimally adapted to speed and flight behavior.
  • the stability increases while saving weight.
  • Good control possibilities for damages due to falling or rising of the internal pressure are evident.
  • a broad field of application is conceivable, in particular for ultralight and sports aircraft.
  • Wind turbines In wind turbines, an increase in efficiency by adapting the wing characteristics to the prevailing wind conditions is possible by adjusting the stability of the wings and a usually strong weight saving in relation to conventionally reinforced wings.
  • the composite body according to the invention can be produced by the following steps, illustrated by means of a surfboard:
  • the inventive method is based on the surprising finding that an improvement in the connection between the core and a laminate coating can be achieved if after step 2 an intermediate layer between the core and a laminate coating is present, wherein the intermediate layer of a recessed layer of Having foam.
  • the recesses consist of grooves and / or countersunk holes, so that along the line-shaped grooves and in the arranged on the surface sink holes, the bedding compound can penetrate and causes an improvement in the connection between the core or the core layer and the laminate coating.
  • tissue particles are introduced into at least part of the wells before the second step.
  • the tissue particles can be sections of suitable size of the tissue laminate or sections of the fabric laminate which has been applied flatly to the core or the core layer and was pressed into the core at selected points (engraved).
  • an increase in the fiber volume in the intermediate layer can be achieved, which leads to an increase in mechanical strength.
  • the depressions are filled at least partially with a bedding compound before the introduction of the tissue particles.
  • the recesses can be made by milling, for example with a CNC machine, drilling, punching, cutting, compacting or other methods.
  • a plurality for example 1 to 20
  • grooves running in the longitudinal direction of the core or the core layer can be introduced into the core or the core layer by milling.
  • the introduced grooves are dimensioned such that the fabric laminate can be at least partially pressed into the grooves, for example with a suitable tool, before the laminate coating is completed by applying a ballast compound.
  • the grooves can be filled with bedding compound. Alternatively, the filling of the grooves can also be done later. With the penetration of tissue particles, a fiber content of up to 80% can be achieved, which increases the strength and stability.
  • the grooves and / or sink holes are made by pressing the surface of the core or the core layer. Thus, no material-removing manufacturing processes are needed are harmful to health due to their dust development.
  • the grooves are produced and in a second step sink holes are introduced into the surface of Kenrs or the core layer.
  • the grooves are preferably produced by means of a milling cutter, while the sinkholes are also produced by means of a needle roller.
  • the deeper and larger countersunk holes do not hinder the introduction of grooves on the surface of the core or the core layer by means of a comb.
  • the bedding compound can penetrate into the grooves and / or countersunk holes previously introduced into the surface of the basic body and at the same time improve the connection with the fabric laminate to be applied.
  • Different bedding compounds can be used for coating and laminating. However, it is preferably provided that the same bedding mass is used, so that the connection between the bedding mass introduced into the grooves and / or sinkholes and the bedding mass used for laminating is optimized.
  • the lamination is done by hand, using a vacuum press, the autoclave method, the roving winding method or by the injection method.
  • the fabric laminate When hand lamination, the fabric laminate is placed on the filled-up base body. Then bedding compound is poured onto the fabric laminate and into the Massaged tissue laminate on the base body.
  • the main tools used for this purpose are brushes and grooved rollers / velor rollers.
  • a tear-off fabric is placed.
  • the tear-off fabric consisting, for example, of nylon fibers can be peeled or torn off after curing of the bedding compound and thus produces a defined rough, clean and tack-free surface which can be further processed.
  • the curing of the laminates takes place without pressure at room temperature. There are warm and cold curing bedding compounds that cure at temperatures of 10 to 230 ° C. Subsequently, a further processing can take place.
  • the film presses on the laminate and presses it onto the mold.
  • the maximum pressure is given by the ambient air pressure and is approx. Max. 1 bar.
  • the fiber content of the laminate can be increased or excess ballast mass can be squeezed out.
  • light support materials such as foamed plastics or honeycombs can be bonded to high-strength cover layers made of resin or fabric, thus forming an extremely lightweight and strong component. Required is a uniform contact pressure.
  • the laminate is first covered with a tear-off fabric and a non-adhesive perforated foil. An air-permeable absorbent fleece is placed on it, which has the task of distributing the vacuum evenly and absorbing excess bedding compound from the laminate. The subsequent curing can be carried out at room temperature, but also a heat treatment is possible.
  • a tear-off fabric, a perforated film, a non-woven fabric and a vacuum film are also used. used. Subsequently, a vacuum is generated.
  • the curing of the bedding compound can be carried out under a pressure of 6 bar and temperatures of 170 ° C or at room temperature.
  • Another method is the injection method in which dry tissue laminate is placed on the base body. The impregnation of the fabric laminate with the ballast compound takes place only after a vacuum has been generated.
  • a further advantageous device is characterized in that it has a surface having at least partially roughness elements.
  • Another advantage is that due to the rough surface, it is no longer necessary to wax at least the top of such a board to ensure a secure footing on the board (and increases the grip of the board).
  • the labor-intensive coating with wax is eliminated, whereby after use of the board, the wax must be removed, which is also very labor-intensive.
  • the wax softens under sunlight and sticking in contact and thus leads to significant contamination, for example in the interior of a car.
  • the notches are formed point-symmetrical and are arranged independently of direction.
  • the surface structure not only increases the speed in one direction, but also reduces the water resistance in all directions, ie even on backward or sideways movements.
  • the structure of the invention is particularly suitable for surfboards, wakeboards or kite boards.
  • the maximum roughness depth of the notches is up to 1000 microns, preferably between 60 to 150 microns.
  • the maximum roughness depth is defined as the vertical distance between the highest and the lowest point of a (filtered) roughness profile within a test section according to DIN 4762.
  • the average roughness value is between 5 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the average roughness value is defined as the arithmetic mean of the profile deviations of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the test section according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the surface of the laminated base body is at least partially provided with roughness elements.
  • the roughness elements have a maximum roughness depth of up to 200 .mu.m, preferably between 60 and 150 .mu.m, the average roughness value being between 5 and 50 .mu.m, preferably between 10 and 15 .mu.m, since experimental investigations have shown that these values are On the one hand a significant reduction in water resistance is achieved and at the same time a sufficient grip of the surface is given, which makes it possible to dispense with the use of a wax coating.
  • These roughness elements can be produced by impressing or pressing in as well as by machining processes.
  • a tear-off fabric is applied to the base material. body is removed, which is removed after completion of laminating again.
  • the use of a tear-off fabric is known in lamination by hand, using a vacuum press in the autoclave process and the vacuum injection process. The tear-off fabric is placed on the laminate before the bedding material hardens.
  • the surface provided with roughness elements is coated with a mass.
  • This mass of suitable low-viscosity consistency penetrates into the depressions and collects at the bottom of the depressions, so that the depressions are partially filled up and thus the roughness profile is homogenized by filling in the deepest depressions.
  • the low-viscosity mass polyester resin, Teflon, epoxy resin, acrylic lacquer or lotus lacquer contains.
  • the tear-off fabric consists of nylon fibers and can be peeled or torn off after curing of the ballast compound.
  • the tear-off fabric may also consist of other materials that do not absorb the ballast compound and therefore do not form a bond with the hardened ballast compound. After tearing off the tear-off fabric remains a rough, clean and tack-free surface, which can be further processed. It has surprisingly been found that the surface structure, which has arisen after removal of the tear-off, is provided with direction-independent roughness elements, which lead to a noticeable reduction in water resistance.
  • the tear-off fabric comprises the weave linen or body having a regular structure.
  • the tear-off fabric has a basis weight of between 50 and 120 g / m 2 , preferably between 90 and 110 g / m 2 .
  • the composite body according to the invention can be used in particular as a water sports device, sports equipment for surfing, kite board, windsurfboard, paddleboard, waterskate, sports equipment, snowboard, ski, kayak, as a component in aircraft, wing element, wings for ultralight aircraft, heights and rudder, as a component in Vehicle construction, vehicle body, body part, spoiler, tower, hood, as a component in shipbuilding, fuselage attachment, hull, as a component in wind turbines, wind turbine blades, wind power rotor blade, underwater turbine wing, as a component in building construction, canopy, winter garden scaffolding.
  • Wind turbine up to 50 m blade length (shell construction only one half)
  • Construction refrigerated transporter construction of plates
  • Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
  • Laminate about 500 - 1000 g / m 2
  • BASF EPS 10 with a density of 10 kg / m3 has a pressure stability of 0.15 kg / cm2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through a device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlargement of the in
  • Fig. 0 shown apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6-9 surface profiles of a surfboard according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a core 2 made of polyurethane or polystyrene or another foam whose upper side is provided with a laminate coating 4 of a fabric laminate and a bedding compound. Between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 is an intermediate layer 6, which consists of a surface portion of the core 2 having a plurality was provided by differently shaped depressions, has penetrated into the bedding mass, with which also the fabric laminate was soaked. At the rear right end of the device, a means M for adjusting the negative pressure or overpressure, namely a valve is arranged. This can be firmly anchored by careful drilling through the laminate coating 4 in such a hole, but other ways are possible, for example, screwing in a designated thread.
  • the core further comprises two channel-like elements 15 in the form of hoses, which ensure a faster pressure equalization in the core 2.
  • honeycomb-like structural elements 16 which serve to increase the core strength without having to accept a large amount of weight are to be found in several places, with only one point being illustrated by way of example in FIG.
  • the laminate coating 4 has both an opening element 17 in the form of a rotary valve, which serves for discharging unwanted gases or liquids inside the core, as well as a pressure measuring element 18, which serves to control the pressure conditions in the core and allows the user Accordingly, to achieve a rapid correction of the desired pressure conditions in the core material.
  • the core 2 is realized as a foam
  • this may also be designed without material, but then in the laminate coating 4, a core layer K must be present, which consists of foam, so within the laminate coating 4 a corresponding firm connection between individual laminate layers or at least a part thereof can be realized, reference being made to the in the description following explanation with respect to an intermediate layer 6 between the core 2 and the laminate natitation 4.
  • a plurality of roughness elements 8 are arranged, which have the task of reducing the water resistance.
  • the core 2 is brought into a desired shape, such as a surfboard, by means of grinding machines, planing, sawing and emery paper or by means of a CNC machine.
  • grooves are pressed into the surface of the core 2 by means of a milling cutter. Subsequently, the entire surface of the core 2 is provided with sink holes using a coarse needle roller. Thereafter, this operation is repeated with the needle roller with smaller needles. The needle rollers are moved in different directions and these steps are repeated until a uniform structure results on the surface.
  • the surface can be provided with a particularly large number of depressions in order to achieve a particularly resistant connection between the core 2 and the laminate coating 4 in these areas.
  • the cleaned core 2 is coated or filled with the bedding compound so that the bedding mass runs into the generated sinkholes and grooves 10 and thus an optimal connection between the core 2 and the laminate sheath 4 ensure.
  • the core 2 By coating the core 2 with the bedding mass, it is ensured that the bedding compound runs into the depressions, and not the bedding mass is absorbed by the fabric laminate.
  • Suitable bedding compounds are preferably the following resins:
  • Unsaturated polyester resins bio resins, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins and polyurethane resins. These resins may be provided with fillers such as glass bubbles, talc, wood flour, glass fiber chips, cotton flakes, alum powder, ground carbon fibers, chalk, quartz powder, ground hemp fibers, silicic acids and dyes.
  • a glass filament fabric, aramid fabric, carbon fabric, fiberglass fabric, hemp fiber fabric, dyneema, bamboo fabric or veneer or a combination fabric made of the materials mentioned is provided on a separate table with the bedding compound.
  • the ratio of fabric laminate layer thicknesses from top to bottom can be 1: 1 to 1: 3.
  • the laminate coatings of the upper and lower sides overlap, so that in the region of the joint edges a double laminate coating is given, in order to ensure a sufficiently stable connection under stress at the joint edges.
  • Any trapped air bubbles are massaged after applying the fabric laminate with the help of a spatula.
  • a tear-off fabric is applied, which is not absorbent and therefore does not absorb the bedding mass.
  • the tear-off nylon fabric with the weave linen or twill has a basis weight of 50 to 120 g / m 2 .
  • the tearing of the tear-off fabric roughened the surface of the base body 2, so that a final surface coating adheres better.
  • Any air bubbles trapped during the application of the tear-off fabric are also massaged with a spatula.
  • the production of a negative mold is not necessary, but it can be provided with laminate sheathing individual shapes.
  • the method is not only suitable for the production of fiber composite materials for sports equipment, such as surfboards, but can be advantageously used in other areas such as prosthetic, in aviation or vehicle.
  • an injection method can also be used. Subsequently, the bedding mass is sucked into the fabric laminate by the vacuum, the bedding mass being provided with transport channels which ensure an optimized distribution of the bedding mass. In this case, the orientation of the fibers of the fabric laminate is maintained due to the low flow rate of the ballast, which leads to reproducibly good mechanical properties.
  • the surfboard-shaped main body 2 are provided with three longitudinally extending grooves 10, which were filled prior to lamination with a ballast, such as a resin or a resinous mass. However, other bedding masses can also be used.
  • a ballast such as a resin or a resinous mass.
  • fabric laminate strips 12 are applied with a width of 15 to 20 cm (see Fig. 2). However, fabric laminate strips 12 having a greater width (up to 35 cm) can also be applied to the core 2 (see FIG. 3) or a fabric laminate layer 14 is applied over the entire surface.
  • the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are pressed into the grooves 10, wherein the portions of the pressed fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 are impregnated by the ballast, with which the grooves 10 are filled.
  • impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 into the grooves 10 can be made first, followed by a
  • the impressions of the fabric laminate strips 12 or the fabric laminate layer 14 can be carried out with the aid of a tool.
  • the fiber content can be increased up to 80%, which causes a further increase in strength and stability.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show surface profiles of surfboards according to the invention.
  • the maximum roughness depth is a vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of the filtered roughness profile within the reference span.
  • the surface profile of Figure 5 has a maximum surface roughness of 118.5 microns
  • the surface profile of Figure 6 has a maximum roughness of 96.64 microns
  • the surface profile of Figure 7 has a maximum roughness of 71.20 microns
  • the surface profile of the figure 8 has a maximum surface roughness of 140.8 microns.
  • the mean roughness which is the arithmetic mean
  • the profile deviation of the (filtered) roughness profile from the middle line within the measuring path according to DIN 4786, DIN 4762 and ISO 4287/1 is defined as 12.62 ⁇ m in the surface profile of FIG. 5, in the surface profile according to FIG 6 12.09 microns, in the surface profile of Figure 7 11.6 microns and in the surface profile of Figure 8 12.88 microns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un corps composite, qui comprend un revêtement stratifié (4), qui au moins partiellement entoure un noyau (2) du corps composite, où, sans délamination, règne une surpression au moins dans une partie du noyau (2) au moins partiellement entourée du revêtement stratifié (4), ou où il est possible de réaliser une surpression au moins dans cette partie du noyau (2), le noyau (2) étant au moins partiellement configuré comme une mousse à alvéoles ouverts, et/ou, au moins dans une partie du revêtement stratifié (4), règne une surpression, ou encore, au moins dans cette partie du revêtement stratifié (4), il est possible de réaliser une surpression, le noyau (2) étant au moins partiellement configuré comme une mousse à alvéoles ouverts.
EP10737294A 2009-07-23 2010-07-23 Corps composite Withdrawn EP2456616A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009034534 2009-07-23
DE102009039534A DE102009039534A1 (de) 2009-07-23 2009-09-01 Composite-Körper
PCT/EP2010/004531 WO2011009627A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2010-07-23 Corps composite

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EP2456616A1 true EP2456616A1 (fr) 2012-05-30

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EP10737294A Withdrawn EP2456616A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2010-07-23 Corps composite

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US (1) US20120196079A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2456616A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2010275689B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009039534A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011009627A1 (fr)

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DE102009039534A1 (de) 2011-02-03
WO2011009627A1 (fr) 2011-01-27
US20120196079A1 (en) 2012-08-02
AU2010275689B2 (en) 2014-06-05
AU2010275689A1 (en) 2012-03-15

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