EP2455218A2 - Section, récipient, procédé et machine - Google Patents
Section, récipient, procédé et machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2455218A2 EP2455218A2 EP11182297A EP11182297A EP2455218A2 EP 2455218 A2 EP2455218 A2 EP 2455218A2 EP 11182297 A EP11182297 A EP 11182297A EP 11182297 A EP11182297 A EP 11182297A EP 2455218 A2 EP2455218 A2 EP 2455218A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate part
- bottom plate
- blank
- incision
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/44—Integral, inserted or attached portions forming internal or external fittings
- B65D5/48—Partitions
- B65D5/48002—Partitions integral
- B65D5/4802—Partitions integral formed by folding inwardly portions cut in the body
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blank, in particular of corrugated cardboard, for producing a container which is divided into compartments suitable for receiving particulate products and which has at least five rectangular plate parts connected by parallel longitudinal fold lines, which in the finished container have a first side wall, a second side wall form between the first side wall and the second side wall, designed to form a series of compartment partitions intermediate plate part.
- the invention also relates to a container which is made from a blank of the type mentioned.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a container from a blank of the type mentioned.
- the lumpy filling material to be received by the finished container is, for example, biscuits, chocolate or the like
- the manufacture of a container from the known blank requires a fixation by an adhesive. This is particularly problematic for food manufacturers. Because it is undesirable to work in the erection of the blank to a generic container with adhesives in close proximity to the food. The acceptance of the known blanks and containers in the market is therefore insufficiently disadvantageous.
- the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a blank for the production of a suitable for receiving lumpy filling compartments divided container of the type mentioned, which can be erected as simple and environmentally friendly to the user to a generic container.
- the invention is further based on the object of specifying a container manufactured from such a blank, a method for producing such a container and a corresponding machine installation for producing such a container from such a blank.
- the task directed to the blank is achieved according to the invention with a generic blank, in which means for mechanical, preferably releasable, locking of the blank formed to the finished blank are provided. It is advantageously possible with such a blank according to the invention to manufacture the compartment divided into compartments without the use of adhesives or the like.
- the method for producing the container starting from the blank designed according to the invention is simplified in that a step of applying an adhesive can be dispensed with.
- the construction of a machine installation intended for the manufacture of the container starting from the blank designed according to the invention is simplified.
- the erection of the blanks according to the invention is to containers on site with advantage also in the food sector completely unproblematic possible, since in these areas particularly undesirable adhesives can be completely eliminated.
- the second side wall may be configured substantially the same width as the first side wall. However, to compensate for the thickness of the lid material, the width of the second sidewall may differ from that of the first sidewall by, for example, at least 1 mm, depending on the type of wave (N / F / E).
- said means for locking means for mechanical Connecting connect the first bottom plate part with the second bottom plate part.
- the means for mechanically connecting comprise at least one notch formed in at least one of the bottom plate parts as well as pinching means connected to the respective other bottom plate part for clamping into the cut.
- the locking of the unfolded to the finished container blank can be achieved in this manner in a simple manner - without gluing - by introducing the pinching means in the incision.
- This step can also be automated, for example, with simple means in a machine system for the production of the container, starting from the blank, so that advantageously without any sticking the container without sticking is easily possible.
- a preferred embodiment of the blank according to the invention provides that at least one of the notches formed in the first bottom plate in the finished container can be arranged with the associated notch in the second bottom plate substantially in cover.
- the incisions are accordingly to be arranged in a corresponding manner on the two bottom plates.
- the paired mechanical locking between associated incisions can then be achieved according to the invention in particular with clamping means for clamping in the incision of the respective other base plate.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the aforementioned pinching means for clamping in the incision of the respective other base plate is given according to the invention, if at least one of the paired cuts has a, in particular substantially centered, arranged within the recess recess. If a force is exerted in the area of this bulge according to the invention in the direction of the surface normal of the bottom plate part, a region of the bottom plate part with the outer contour of the recess having the bulge is pressed beyond the plane of the bottom plate part. The bulge can then be introduced with advantage as a tab for insertion into the recess of the associated base plate in order to lock the blank according to the invention adhesive-free to a container of the type mentioned.
- the design of the tab and the automation of Aufrichtevorgangs from blank to the finished container is further improved according to the invention, when the incision is formed substantially straight, wherein the incision is preferably aligned parallel to the L Lucassfaltlinien and / or rotated relative thereto by an angle. Pushing out a tab acting as a projection of the incision out of the plane of the bottom plate part is simplified in this way with advantage.
- the invention provides in an advantageous embodiment that a distance of points along the bulge of rectilinear portions of the incision has at most the twentieth part of a longitudinal extension of the incision. It has surprisingly been found that in this dimensioning acting as Einklemmlasche bulge an optimum is achieved between the Einklemmrial on the one hand and the smooth introduction to the associated incision by applying force in the direction of the surface normal on the other.
- the intermediate plate member, the plate member forming the first side wall and the plate member forming the second side wall have a number of parallel transverse cuts corresponding to the number of compartments of the finished container, intersecting the longitudinal folding lines forming the three plates
- Intermediate plate portion has a number of Querfaltlinien extending to the L Lucassfaltlinien bounding the intermediate plate member
- the side walls forming plates have oblique fold lines extending from the intersection of a longitudinal fold line and a Querfaltline, so that in the folding of the first side wall forming plate and / or the second plate forming the side wall with respect to the intermediate plate part, those areas of the intermediate plate part, which are respectively bounded by a Querfaltline, two oblique fold lines and an incision, under formation from the compartment defining transverse sections are folded, both ends of each transverse incision run behind the corresponding longitudinal fold lines and cut an additional incision, connect the two ends to an oblique fold line.
- the tack-free uprighting of the blank to a generic container can be automated according to this embodiment of the blank according to the invention advantageously with relatively little effort.
- the erection of the blank to the finished container in this way is easily possible for the user. It can take advantage of the small volume of flat blanks for delivery to the end user. Since no adhesive is required for mechanically locking the blank formed into the finished container, the blank can be erected in almost any environment, especially in the food sector.
- the directed to a container object of the present invention is achieved by a container which is made of a blank according to one of the claims 1 to 9.
- the method allows advantageously the tack-free straightening and Locking a blank according to the invention to a finished container on site at the user. It is particularly suitable for automated execution by suitable machinery.
- the two bottom plates are brought to lock when folding on each other in such a coincidence that at least one formed in the first bottom plate incision is made to coincide with a formed in the second bottom plate, this pairwise associated incision substantially in line and pinching means connected to the first bottom part are clamped in the recess of the second bottom plate.
- the method according to the invention is further improved by clamping a bulge present in at least one recess formed in the first base plate into the associated recess of the second base plate by applying a force to the first base plate in the region of the bulge in the direction of the surface normal to the second base plate is exercised.
- the bulge acts according to this embodiment as a tab, which is clamped with the method step according to the invention in the associated recess of the respective other base plate.
- a blank of a blank stock in which blanks, preferably substantially vertically oriented, are stacked, is removed by the respective first blank of the blank stock for the further production of the container, preferably order 90 °, in particular in the horizontal, is folded.
- the object directed to a machine installation for producing a container from a blank according to one of claims 1 to 9 by means of the method according to one of claims 11 to 14 is achieved by a machine installation, feeding means for feeding a blank, means for folding the side walls of the finished article Container forming panels of the blank, means for folding the first bottom plate part on the side walls, means for folding the second bottom plate part on the first bottom plate part, wherein means according to the invention for mechanically locking the first bottom plate part with the second bottom plate part are provided.
- the means for mechanically locking comprise at least one device for exerting a force in the direction of the surface normal of the base plate parts, preferably in the region of the bulge.
- FIG. 1 A plan view of a plate blank according to the invention
- FIG. 2 perspective view of a starting from the plate blank according to FIG. 1 resulting intermediate stage of a container according to the invention to illustrate the inventive method for producing the same;
- FIG. 3 Perspective view of one of the plate blank according to FIG. 1 on the procedure with the intermediate stage according to FIG. 2 prepared container according to the invention, wherein the viewing direction is directed substantially to the bottom of the container;
- FIG. 4 to further illustrate the method according to the invention, the detail IV according to FIG. 3 the container in three stages of the process in the manufacture of the container from the plate blank according to FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a preparatory method step for manufacturing a plurality of containers according to FIG. 3 starting from the blank according to FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 A plan view of a plate blank according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- the in FIG. 1 shown plate blank 1 consists of double-sided corrugated cardboard with N-F or E-waves, ie with a wave pitch in the range 1.6 to 1.8 mm at a wave height of 0.4 to 0.6 mm or a wave pitch of 1.9 mm to 2.6 mm with a wave height of 0.6 to 0.9 mm or a wave pitch of 3.0 mm to 3.5 mm with a wave height of 1.0 mm to 1.8 mm.
- Double-sided means that there is an outer ceiling and an inner ceiling.
- the state 1 comprises five plates, namely a first bottom plate part 2, a first side plate part 3, a second side plate part 5, an intermediate plate part 4 arranged between these side plate parts, and a second bottom plate part 6. These plate parts are connected to each other via longitudinal fold lines 7, 8, 9, 10 ,
- the plate blank comprises a number of transverse fold lines 11.
- the transverse fold lines 11 extend equidistant from the longitudinal fold line 8 connecting the first side plate part 3 to the intermediate plate part 4 up to the longitudinal fold line 9 connecting the intermediate plate part 4 to the second side plate part 5 Run opposite angles, each adjacent to the intersection of each longitudinal fold line 8, 9 and every other Querfaltline 11 at.
- An incision 13 intersects the end of a transverse incision 14 which extends transversely to the longitudinal fold lines 8, 9 and extends in each case between the outermost ends of two oblique folding lines 12.
- a blank 1 with the features described so far is essentially made of EP 0 729 893 B1 or the associated translation font DE 69 613 255 T2 known. Details of the preparation of a container from the plate blank 1 according to FIG. 1 are essentially directly applicable to the present, Blank 1. According to the disclosure of the cited documents.
- the longitudinal incision 15 is arranged displaced transversely with respect to the longitudinal incisions 16 arranged at the same height in the transverse direction to the exterior of the first base plate part 2.
- the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal recess 15 is arranged centered to the two longitudinal cuts 16.
- the arrangement of the complementary longitudinal cuts 17, 18 in the second bottom plate part 6 corresponds in displaced form to those of the longitudinal cuts 15, 16 on the first bottom plate part 2, around the longitudinal cuts 17, 18 in FIG second bottom plate part 6 when erecting in cover with the longitudinal cuts 15, 16 in the first base plate part 2 to bring to cover.
- the complementary longitudinal cuts 17, 18 have a bulge 19 approximately in the region of the center thereof.
- FIG. 2 shows FIG. 2 a condition that is obtainable starting from a blank 1 accordingly FIG. 1 , where the in FIG. 2 variant shown only two transverse incisions 14 with the resulting subjects has, in contrast to four transverse incisions 14 according to FIG. 1 , However, this does not change anything at the method step of interest here.
- the configuration of the blank 1 with transverse fold lines 11, oblique fold lines 12, incision 13 and transverse incision 14 leads, as described in more detail in the document referred to, during folding along the longitudinal fold line 8, 9 for erecting the container according to the invention.
- the blank 1 is further processed according to the method according to the invention for producing a container, by first folding the first bottom plate part 2 with the longitudinal cuts 15, 16 along the longitudinal fold line 7 connecting the first bottom plate part 2 to the first side plate part 3. Subsequently, the second bottom plate part 6 is folded with the bulges 19 having complementary longitudinal cuts 17, 18 along the first bottom plate part 2 with the first side plate part 3 connecting longitudinal fold line 7 by 90 ° in the direction of the erected Abteiltrennirri3, 5.
- FIG. 4 showing a cutout area IV of the first bottom plate part 2 around the longitudinal recess 15 in a plan view, which results after the folding step described above.
- the figure shows the steps required in the subfigures (a), (b), (c) to illustrate the inventive method step for the mechanical locking of the bottom plate parts 2, 3 for the completion of the container.
- dashed line is the position of the under the first bottom plate part. 2 arranged second bottom plate part 6 indicated by the dashed line of the complementary longitudinal recess 18 is indicated with a bulge 19.
- the longitudinal section 15 and the complementary cut 18 in part a of the figure have not yet been brought into coincidence.
- the longitudinal section 15 has been brought into coincidence with the associated complementary longitudinal incision 18, the state shown in Figure b results. It can be seen in particular that a straight-line section of the complementary longitudinal cut 18 is essentially congruent with the longitudinal cut 15. Furthermore, it can be seen that the bulge 19 of the complementary longitudinal cut 18 projects beyond the longitudinal recess 15 in plan view.
- This process step leads to the in Figure 4 c shown state in which the region of the bulge 19 of the complementary longitudinal section 18 of the second bottom plate part 6 protrudes through the longitudinal recess 15 in the first bottom plate part 2 therethrough.
- the area around the bulge 19 is clamped in the first bottom plate part 2 like a tab by the restoring forces prevailing in the region of the longitudinal notch 15 due to the bulge 19 and its bending in the vertical direction and thus mechanically locked.
- FIG. 3 shown in perspective view of the finished container 21 according to the invention.
- the chosen perspective essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 2 .
- the container 21 according to FIG. 3 thus arises considering the with regard to FIG. 4a, b, c shown process steps by folding and pressing the area 20 around the Lugs 19 around in the longitudinal section 15.
- the described locking sequence according to FIG. 4 is carried out according to the inventive method for all the longitudinal cuts 15, 16 with the associated complementary longitudinal cuts 17, 18, to achieve a total for permanent cohesion of the container 21 suitable mechanical interlock.
- the container 21 according to the invention can be produced without the use of adhesive from the blank 1.
- FIG. 4a With regard to the configuration of the complementary longitudinal cut 18, it can be seen that a distance 22 of points along the bulge 19 from the rectilinear sections of the complementary longitudinal section 18 arranged to the right and left of the bulge 19 has at most the twentieth part of a longitudinal extension 23 of the complementary longitudinal section 18.
- the conditions are in the FIG. 4a not drawn to scale so that the distance 22 appears relatively larger.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrated how the inventive method is particularly well suited for the successive production of a plurality of containers 21 from blanks 1.
- a number of blanks 1 are kept stacked in the vertical direction as a blank stock 24.
- the respective foremost blank 1 of the blank stock 24 is rotated by suitable means, in particular with suction devices, by 90 ° in the horizontal, as indicated by the arrow 25, on a suitable tool plate 26 for further processing and erection to come to rest.
- a machine system not shown in the figures for carrying out the described and claimed method has in particular a device which is suitable for the transition of the state according to FIG. 4b according to the state Figure 4c exert a force in the direction of the surface normal of the bottom plate parts 2, 6.
- FIG. 6 an alternative embodiment of a plate blank 100 according to the invention is shown. In essence, this is accordingly with reference to FIG. 1 constructed plate blank 1 constructed. However, different from the one in FIG. 1 shown plate blank 1 in the in FIG. 6 shown plate blank 100 provided only two parallel compartments for folding. Further, the means for mechanically locking the blank 110 formed to the finished container is different from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 designed. This can be seen with regard to the arrangement of the notches 115, 116 in the first bottom plate part 2 of the plate blank 100 and the corresponding arrangement of the complementary notches 117, 118. Like in the FIG.
- a longitudinal recess 115 is formed, which like the longitudinal incision 15 of the bottom plate part 2 of the plate blank 1 according to FIG. 1 is configured and is therefore aligned parallel to the longitudinal fold lines 7, 8, 9, 10.
- the two incisions 116 relative to the longitudinal recess 115 not only arranged transversely to the interior of the bottom plate part 2 shifted.
- the incisions 116 which are arranged in the transverse direction at the same height, with respect to the longitudinal recess 115 and thus with respect to the longitudinal fold line 7 between the first bottom plate part 2 and the first side plate part 3 is rotated by an angle 120 of 30 °.
- the incisions 116 are each rotated in such a way that they can be imaged by reflection along a transverse center line of the plate blank 1 to each other.
- three complementary notches 117, 118 are arranged on the second bottom plate part 6 of the plate blank 100.
- the arrangement of the complementary longitudinal cuts 117, 118 in the second base plate part 6 is selected so that when erecting the plate blank 100 for producing a container, the complementary longitudinal recess 117 in registration with the longitudinal recess 115 in the bottom plate part 2 can be brought and the rotated complementary cuts 118 in line with the rotated cuts 116 in the bottom plate part 2 can be brought.
- the complementary sipes 118 and the complementary sipe 117 are taken individually as in the FIG. 1 shown blank 1, the longitudinal cuts 15, 16 provided with a write-off 119.
- the derecognition 119 is designed as the derecognition 19 described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12154723.6A EP2487115B1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-02-09 | Découpe, conteneur et procédé |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010037947A DE102010037947A1 (de) | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | Zuschnitt, Behältnis, Verfahren und Maschine |
DE202011000327U DE202011000327U1 (de) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-02-11 | Zuschnitt, Behältnis und Maschine |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2455218A2 true EP2455218A2 (fr) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2455218A3 EP2455218A3 (fr) | 2013-05-08 |
EP2455218B1 EP2455218B1 (fr) | 2015-04-15 |
Family
ID=44503118
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110182297 Active EP2455218B1 (fr) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-09-22 | Ébauche, utilisation, procédé et machine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2455218B1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE102010037947A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0729893B1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 | 2001-06-13 | Nederlandse Pillo-Pak Maatschappij B.V. | Flan pour plateau ayant des cloisons |
EP0905032B1 (fr) | 1997-09-09 | 2003-02-05 | PilloPak B.V | Flan et récipient construit à partir de ce flan ainsi qu'appareil pour sa fabrication |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3127086A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | figures | ||
BE470218A (fr) * | ||||
US2579760A (en) * | 1949-03-18 | 1951-12-25 | William R Saidel | Folding carton |
US2635512A (en) * | 1951-01-31 | 1953-04-21 | Clybourn Machine Corp | Machine for making fibrous boxes |
CH375212A (fr) * | 1961-12-06 | 1964-02-15 | Klausfelder S A | Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif pour la présentation de marchandises et dispositif obtenu par ce procédé |
DE1280135B (de) * | 1962-02-01 | 1968-10-10 | Monsanto Co | Verbindung fuer aneinanderliegende Waende eines Behaelters aus biegsamem Kunststoff |
AT275303B (de) * | 1964-05-05 | 1969-10-27 | Unilever Nv | Kartonfaltvorrichtung |
GB1240298A (en) * | 1967-09-06 | 1971-07-21 | Karl Axel Arne Torbjoe Ericson | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for assembling carton blanks into cartons |
GB1271398A (en) * | 1968-08-02 | 1972-04-19 | Kliklok Corp | Improvements in interlocks for folding box panels |
DE3150677A1 (de) * | 1981-12-21 | 1983-06-30 | Friedrich Dossmann Druck- und Verpackungs-GmbH & Co KG, 5860 Iserlohn | Verpackungsschale aus faltbarem material fuer lebensmittel, insbesondere tiefkuehlkost |
DE19704523A1 (de) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-13 | Profanters Backstube & Co Ohg | Vorrichtung, insbesondere zum Transport und Präsentation einer Ware |
FR2867753B1 (fr) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-07-14 | Legrand Sa | Emballage individuel et boite d'emballage secable |
GB0705171D0 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-04-16 | Butts & Gum Ltd | A container |
-
2010
- 2010-10-04 DE DE102010037947A patent/DE102010037947A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-11 DE DE202011000327U patent/DE202011000327U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-09-22 EP EP20110182297 patent/EP2455218B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0729893B1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 | 2001-06-13 | Nederlandse Pillo-Pak Maatschappij B.V. | Flan pour plateau ayant des cloisons |
DE69613255T2 (de) | 1995-03-01 | 2001-10-11 | Nederlandse Pillo-Pak Maatschappij B.V., Eerbeek | Zuschnitt für eine Schale mit Trennwänden |
EP0905032B1 (fr) | 1997-09-09 | 2003-02-05 | PilloPak B.V | Flan et récipient construit à partir de ce flan ainsi qu'appareil pour sa fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010037947A1 (de) | 2012-04-05 |
EP2455218A3 (fr) | 2013-05-08 |
DE202011000327U1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
EP2455218B1 (fr) | 2015-04-15 |
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