EP2449169A2 - In-situ gummiertes dreilagiges stahlseil mit 3+m+n-struktur - Google Patents

In-situ gummiertes dreilagiges stahlseil mit 3+m+n-struktur

Info

Publication number
EP2449169A2
EP2449169A2 EP10727446A EP10727446A EP2449169A2 EP 2449169 A2 EP2449169 A2 EP 2449169A2 EP 10727446 A EP10727446 A EP 10727446A EP 10727446 A EP10727446 A EP 10727446A EP 2449169 A2 EP2449169 A2 EP 2449169A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
cable
son
rubber
cable according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10727446A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jérémy TOUSSAIN
Thibaud Pottier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Original Assignee
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS filed Critical Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Publication of EP2449169A2 publication Critical patent/EP2449169A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
    • D07B1/0626—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration the reinforcing cords consisting of three core wires or filaments and at least one layer of outer wires or filaments, i.e. a 3+N configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
    • D07B1/0633—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration having a multiple-layer configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
    • D07B1/0653—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires in the core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
    • D07B3/02—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the supply reels rotate about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the component strands away from the supply reels in fixed position
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/12—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form of low twist or low tension by processes comprising setting or straightening treatments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
    • D07B7/14—Machine details; Auxiliary devices for coating or wrapping ropes, cables, or component strands thereof
    • D07B7/145—Coating or filling-up interstices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
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    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D07B2201/2025—Strands twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
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    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D07B2201/2027—Compact winding
    • D07B2201/2028—Compact winding having the same lay direction and lay pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
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    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
    • D07B2201/203—Cylinder winding, i.e. S/Z or Z/S
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
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    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
    • D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
    • D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/204—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments nine or more wires or filaments respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2046—Strands comprising fillers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
    • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
    • D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2047—Cores
    • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
    • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
    • D07B2201/2062—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires comprising fillers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2095—Auxiliary components, e.g. electric conductors or light guides
    • D07B2201/2097—Binding wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
    • D07B2205/305—Steel characterised by the carbon content having a low carbon content, e.g. below 0,5 percent respectively NT wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
    • D07B2205/3053—Steel characterised by the carbon content having a medium carbon content, e.g. greater than 0,5 percent and lower than 0.8 percent respectively HT wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/306—Aluminium (Al)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3067—Copper (Cu)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3089—Brass, i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) alloys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/20—Type of machine
    • D07B2207/204—Double twist winding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/20—Type of machine
    • D07B2207/204—Double twist winding
    • D07B2207/205—Double twist winding comprising flyer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/40—Machine components
    • D07B2207/4072—Means for mechanically reducing serpentining or mechanically killing of rope
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    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
    • D07B2401/2025—Environmental resistance avoiding corrosion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2046—Tire cords

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to three-layered metal cables, which can be used in particular for reinforcing rubber articles such as tires for industrial vehicles.
  • This invention is more specifically related to three-layer metal cables of specific construction 3 + M + N, and their use in carcass reinforcement, also called “carcasses”, tires for industrial vehicles.
  • a radial tire comprises in known manner a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a belt circumferentially disposed between the carcass reinforcement and the tread.
  • This carcass reinforcement is constituted in known manner by at least one ply (or “layer”) of rubber reinforced by reinforcement elements (“reinforcements”) such as cords or monofilaments, generally of the metal type in the case of pneumatic tires for industrial vehicles.
  • reinforcement elements such as cords or monofilaments
  • steel cords consisting of a central layer and one or more layers are generally used. concentric threads disposed around this central layer.
  • the most widely used three-layer cables are essentially L + M + N construction cables, formed of a central layer of L-wire (s) surrounded by at least one layer of M-wire itself surrounded by a layer external of N son.
  • the three-layer cables most used today in industrial vehicle tire carcass reinforcement, in cases where the highest mechanical strengths are targeted and consequently a larger number of wires are required, are essentially 3 + M + N construction consisting of a central layer of 3 son surrounded by an intermediate layer of M son itself surrounded by an outer layer of N son, the assembly may be optionally fretted by an external wire hoop helically wrapped around the outer layer.
  • these layered cables are subjected to considerable stresses during the rolling of the tires, in particular to repeated bending or variations of curvature. inducing at the level of the son friction, especially as a result of contact between adjacent layers, and therefore wear, and fatigue; they must therefore have a high resistance to phenomena known as "fatigue-fretting".
  • this material penetrates the best in all spaces between the son constituting the cables. Indeed, if this penetration is insufficient, then empty channels are formed along the cables, and corrosive agents such as water or even oxygen in the air, which can penetrate the tires, for example as a result of cuts, they run along these empty channels into the carcass of the tire.
  • corrosive agents such as water or even oxygen in the air, which can penetrate the tires, for example as a result of cuts, they run along these empty channels into the carcass of the tire.
  • the presence of this moisture plays an important role in causing corrosion and accelerating the degradation processes above (phenomena known as "fatigue-corrosion”), compared to use in a dry atmosphere.
  • these three-layer cables are obtained in several steps which have the disadvantage of being discontinuous, firstly by producing an intermediate cable L + M (in particular 1 + M), then by sheathing via an extrusion head of this intermediate cable, finally by a final operation of wiring the remaining N son around the core thus sheathed, for forming the outer layer.
  • an intermediate cable L + M in particular 1 + M
  • sheathing via an extrusion head of this intermediate cable
  • a final operation of wiring the remaining N son around the core thus sheathed, for forming the outer layer.
  • a first object of the invention is a three-layer metal cable (C1, C2, C3) of construction 3 + M + N, gummed in situ, comprising a first layer (Cl) consisting of three di diameter wires. helically assembled in a pitch p b central layer around which are helically wound in a pitch p 2 , in a second layer (C2), M son of diameter d 2 , second layer around which are helically wound in a step p 3 , in a third layer (C3), N son of diameter d 3 , said cable being characterized in that it has the following characteristics (di, d 2 , d 3 , pi, p 2 and p 3 being expressed in mm): - AT - ;
  • a rubber composition called “filling rubber” is present in the central channel defined by the three son of the first layer (Cl) and in each of the capillaries delimited on the one hand by the 3 wires of the first layer (C1) and the M son of the second layer (C2), on the other hand by the M son of the second layer (C2) and N son of the third layer (C3);
  • the rate of filling rubber in the cable is between 10 and 50 mg per gram of cable.
  • This three-layer cable of the invention compared to the three-layer gummed in situ cables of the prior art, has the notable advantage of having a reduced amount of filling rubber, which guarantees a better compactness, this eraser being further distributed uniformly inside the cable, inside each of its capillaries, thus conferring on it optimal impermeability along its axis.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a cable for the reinforcement of articles or semi-finished products of rubber, for example webs, pipes, belts, conveyor belts, tires.
  • the cable of the invention is particularly intended to be used as reinforcing element of a tire carcass reinforcement of industrial vehicles (ie, carrying heavy loads) chosen from vans and vehicles called “heavy vehicles” it is - ie metro vehicles, buses, road transport vehicles such as trucks, tractors, trailers, or off-the-road vehicles, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, and any other type of transport or handling vehicle.
  • the invention further relates to these articles or semi-finished rubber products themselves when reinforced with a cable according to the invention, in particular tires for industrial vehicles such as vans or heavy vehicles.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the cable of the invention, said method comprising at least the following steps: a first step of assembling by twisting the three son of the central layer to form a first point called "first assembly point" of the first layer or central layer (Cl);
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 relating to these examples which schematize, respectively: in cross-section, a construction cable + 9 + 15 according to the invention, gummed in situ, compact type (Figure 1);
  • FIG. 1 An example of a twisting and in situ scrubbing installation that can be used for the manufacture of compact type cables, in accordance with the invention (FIG.
  • Fm maximum load in N
  • Rm tensile strength in MPa
  • At total elongation in %
  • the modulus measurements are carried out in tension, unless otherwise indicated according to the ASTM D 412 standard of 1998 (test piece “C”): one measures in second elongation (that is to say after a cycle of accommodation) the secant modulus "true” (that is to say, brought back to the real section of the specimen) at 10% elongation, denoted ElO and expressed in MPa (normal conditions of temperature and hygrometry according to ASTM D 1349 of 1999).
  • This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to the air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time.
  • the principle of such a test is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
  • the test is here carried out either on cables extracted from tires or rubber sheets which they reinforce, thus already coated from the outside by rubber in the fired state, or on raw manufacturing cables, which have been coated and subsequent cooking.
  • the raw cables must be, before the test, coated from the outside with a so-called coating gum.
  • a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel is placed between two skims (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a rubber composition in the raw state, each skim having a thickness 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then the vulcanization (baking) is carried out for 40 minutes at a temperature of 140 ° C. and at a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston of 80 ⁇ 200 mm). After which, the assembly is demolded and cut 10 pieces of cables thus coated, in the form of parallelepipeds of appropriate dimensions (for example 7x7x20 or 7x7x30 mm), for characterization.
  • the test is carried out over a predetermined length (for example 3 cm or even 2 cm) of cable, thus coated by its surrounding rubber composition (or coating gum) in the fired state, as follows: at the inlet of the cable, under a pressure of 1 bar, and the volume of air at the outlet is measured using a flow meter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm 3 / min).
  • a flow meter calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm 3 / min.
  • the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal itself is checked beforehand with the aid of a solid rubber specimen, that is to say without cable.
  • the average air flow measured (average of the 10 specimens) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high.
  • the measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min are considered as zero; they correspond to a cable that can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (ie, in its longitudinal direction).
  • the amount of filling compound is measured by difference between the weight of the initial cable (thus erased in situ) and the weight of the cable (and therefore that of its threads) whose filling rubber has been eliminated by a suitable electrolytic treatment.
  • a sample of cable (length 1 m), wound on itself to reduce its bulk, constitutes the cathode of an electrolyzer (connected to the negative terminal of a generator), while the anode (connected to the positive terminal ) consists of a platinum wire.
  • the electrolyte consists of an aqueous solution (demineralized water) comprising 1 mole per liter of sodium carbonate.
  • the sample immersed completely in the electrolyte, is energized for 15 min under a current of 300 mA.
  • the cable is then removed from the bath, rinsed thoroughly with water. This treatment allows the rubber to be easily detached from the cable (if it is not the case, we continue the electrolysis for a few minutes).
  • the eraser is carefully removed, for example by simply wiping with an absorbent cloth, while detaching one by one the son of the cable.
  • the threads are again rinsed with water and then immersed in a beaker containing a mixture of deionized water (50%) and ethanol (50%); the beaker is immersed in an ultrasonic tank for 10 minutes.
  • the threads thus devoid of any trace of gum are removed from the beaker, dried under a stream of nitrogen or air, and finally weighed. From this calculation, the filling rate in the cable, expressed in mg (milligram) of filling rubber per g (gram) of initial cable, is calculated and averaged over 10 measurements (i.e. total cable meters).
  • any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e. terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
  • the metal cable of the invention therefore comprises three concentric layers:
  • a first layer or central layer (Cl) consisting of 3 di diameter wires assembled together in a helix according to a pitch pi;
  • a second layer (C2) having M son of diameter d 2 helically assembled, in a pitch p 2 , around the first layer;
  • the first and second assembled layers (C1 + C2) constitute what is usually called the cable core, which supports the outermost layer (C3).
  • This cable of the invention also has the following characteristics (di, d 2 , d 3 , p 1 , p 2 and p 3 being expressed in mm): ;
  • a rubber composition called "filling rubber” is present in the central channel defined by the three son of the first layer (Cl) and in each of the capillaries delimited on the one hand by the 3 wires of the first layer (C1) and the M son of the second layer (C2), on the other hand by the M son of the second layer (C2) and N son of the third layer (C3);
  • the rate of filling rubber in the cable (C-I) is between 10 and 50 mg per gram of cable.
  • This cable of the invention can be qualified cable gummed in situ, that is to say, it is erased from the inside, during its manufacture itself (so in the raw state of manufacture), by the rubber filling.
  • the central channel or capillary delimited by the three son of the first layer (Cl) and each of the capillaries or interstices (the two interchangeable terms designating the voids, free spaces in the absence of filling rubber) located between, delimited by both the first (C1) and the second (C2) layers, both the second (C2) and the third (C3) layers are filled at least in part, continuously or not according to the cable axis, by the filling rubber.
  • the central channel and each capillary or interstice described above comprise at least one rubber stopper; in other words and preferentially, there is at least one rubber stopper every 3 cm, preferably every 2 cm of cable, which obstructs the capillary or central channel and each other capillary or interstice of the cable so that, at air permeability test (according to paragraph 1-2), this cable of the invention has an average air flow rate less than
  • Another essential feature of the cable of the invention is that its level of filling rubber is between 10 and 50 mg of gum per g of cable. Below the minimum indicated, it is not possible to guarantee that, on any cable length of 3 cm, preferably 2 cm, the filling rubber is present, at least in part, in each of the interstices or capillaries of the cable to preferentially form at least one plug, while beyond the maximum indicated, it is exposed to the various problems described above due to the overflow of the filling rubber at the periphery of the cable. For all these reasons, it is preferred that the level of filling rubber is between 15 and 45 mg, more preferably between 15 and 40 mg of filling gum per g of cable.
  • each capillary of the cable preferably comprises at least one plug (or internal partition) of filling rubber on this given length, such that said cable (once coated with the outside by a polymer such as rubber) is watertight or almost airtight in its longitudinal direction.
  • an "airtight" cable in the longitudinal direction is characterized by an average air flow rate of not more than 0.2 cm 3 / min while a cable called “almost airtight" in the longitudinal direction is characterized by an average air flow less than 2 cm 3 / min, preferably less than 1 cm 3 / min.
  • the diameters of the son of the layers C1, C2 and C3, these son have a diameter identical or not from one layer to another, check the following relations (di, d 2 , d 3 being expressed in mm): ;
  • the pitch pi may be identical to or different from p 2 .
  • pi p 2 ⁇ p 3 or pi ⁇ p 2 ⁇ p 3 .
  • the pitch "p" represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution about said axis of the cable.
  • the three steps pi, p 2 and p 3 are equal.
  • the compactness is such that virtually no distinct layer of wires is visible;
  • the cross-section of such cables has a contour which is polygonal and non-cylindrical, as illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1 (compact cable 3 + 9 + 15 according to the invention) or in FIG. (compact cable 3 + 9 + 15 control, that is to say, not gummed in situ).
  • the third or outer layer C3 has the preferred characteristic of being a saturated layer, that is to say that, by definition, there is not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N max + l) th wire d 3 diameter, N max representing the maximum number of windable son in a layer around the second layer C2.
  • N max representing the maximum number of windable son in a layer around the second layer C2.
  • This construction has the significant advantage of further limiting the risk of overfilling gum filling at its periphery and offer, for a given diameter of the cable, a higher strength.
  • the invention also applies to cases where the outer layer (C3) is an unsaturated layer.
  • the number N of wires can vary to a very large extent according to the particular embodiment of the invention, it being understood that the maximum number N max of wires N will be increased if their diameter d 3 is reduced compared to the diameter d 2 threads of the second layer, in order to preferentially keep the outer layer in a saturated state.
  • the second layer (C2) has 6 to 12 son and the third layer (C3) has 12 to 18 son.
  • the second layer (C2) has 8 or 9 wires (ie M equal to 8 or 9) and the third layer (C3) has 14 or 15 wires (ie N equal to 14 or 15) .
  • the cable of the invention is particularly preferred constructions 3 + 8 + 14 and 3 + 9 + 15.
  • the cable of the invention can be of two types, namely of the type with compact layers or of the type with cylindrical layers.
  • the three layers C1, C2 and C3 are wound in the same direction of torsion, that is to say either in the S direction ("S / S / S" layout), or in the Z direction ("S" arrangement). Z / Z / Z ").
  • wire rope By wire rope, is meant by definition in the present application a cable formed of son constituted mainly (that is to say for more than 50% in number of these son) or integrally (for 100% son) a metallic material.
  • the wire or wires of the central layer (C1), the wires of the second layer (C2) and the wires of the third layer (C3) are preferably steel, more preferably carbon steel. But it is of course possible to use other steels, for example a stainless steel, or other alloys.
  • carbon steel When carbon steel is used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%; these levels represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the wires. It should be noted that a carbon content of between 0.5% and 0.6% makes such steels ultimately less expensive because easier to draw.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
  • the metal or steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the properties of implementation of the wire rope and / or its constituent elements, or the properties of use of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or resistance to aging.
  • the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc; it is recalled that during the wire manufacturing process, the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber.
  • the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
  • a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
  • the cables of the invention are preferably carbon steel and have a tensile strength (Rm) preferably greater than 2500 MPa, more preferably greater than 3000 MPa.
  • the total elongation at break (At) of the cable, the sum of its structural, elastic and plastic elongations, is preferably greater than 2.0%, more preferably at least 2.5%.
  • the elastomer (or indistinctly "rubber", both considered to be synonymous) of the filling rubber is preferably a diene elastomer, that is to say by definition an elastomer derived at least in part (that is, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomer (s) diene (s) (ie, monomer (s) carrier (s) of two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not).
  • the diene elastomer is more preferentially selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), various butadiene copolymers, various isoprene copolymers, and mixtures of these elastomers.
  • Such copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), whether they are prepared by emulsion polymerization (ESBR) or in solution (SSBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene copolymers -butadiene-styrene (SBIR).
  • SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
  • BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
  • SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
  • SBIR isoprene copolymers -butadiene-styrene
  • a preferred embodiment consists in using an "isoprene" elastomer, that is to say a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene
  • the isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene of the cis-1,4 type.
  • polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
  • the isoprene elastomer may also be associated with another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR and / or BR elastomer.
  • the filling rubber may contain one or more elastomer (s), especially diene (s), the latter or they may be used (s) in combination with any type of polymer other than elastomer.
  • the filling rubber is preferably of the crosslinkable type, that is to say that it comprises by definition a crosslinking system adapted to allow the crosslinking of the composition during its baking (i.e., its hardening and not its melting); thus, in such a case, this rubber composition can be described as infusible, since it can not be melted by heating at any temperature.
  • the system for crosslinking the rubber sheath is a so-called vulcanization system, that is to say based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent). ) and at least one vulcanization accelerator.
  • sulfur or a sulfur-donor agent
  • vulcanization accelerator for example a sulphenamide
  • Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 1 and 8 phr
  • the vulcanization accelerator for example a sulphenamide, is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10.
  • pce more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
  • the filling rubber may also comprise, in addition to said crosslinking system, all or part of the additives normally used in rubber matrices intended for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or inorganic fillers such as silica, coupling agents, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, plasticizing agents or extension oils, whether the latter are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, especially very low or non-aromatic oils, for example naphthenic or paraffinic type, high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE oils, plasticizing resins with high Tg greater than 30 0 C, agents facilitating the implementation (processability) of the compositions in the green state, tackifying resins, anti-eversion agents methylene acceptors and donors such as, for example, HMT (hexamethylenetetramine) or H3M (hexamethoxymethylmelamine), reinforcing resins (such as resorcinol or bismaleimide), known adhesion promoter
  • the level of reinforcing filler for example carbon black or a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica, is preferably greater than 50 phr, for example between 50 and 120 phr.
  • carbon blacks for example, all carbon blacks are suitable, in particular blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks). Among the latter, mention will be made more particularly of carbon blacks of (ASTM) grade 300, 600 or 700 (for example N326, N330, N347, N375, N683, N772).
  • reinforcing inorganic fillers are especially suitable mineral fillers of the silica (SiO 2) type, in particular precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface area of less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
  • silica silica
  • Those skilled in the art will know, in the light of the present description, adjust the formulation of the filling rubber in order to achieve the desired levels of properties (including modulus of elasticity), and adapt the formulation to the application specific consideration.
  • the formulation of the filling rubber can be chosen to be identical to the formulation of the rubber matrix that the cable of the invention is intended to reinforce; thus, there is no problem of compatibility between the respective materials of the filling rubber and said rubber matrix.
  • the formulation of the filling gum may be chosen different from the formulation of the rubber matrix that the cable of the invention is intended to reinforce.
  • the formulation of the filling gum may be adjusted by using a relatively high quantity of adhesion promoter, typically for example from 5 to 15 phr of a metal salt such as a salt of cobalt or nickel, and reducing advantageously the amount of said promoter (or even completely suppressing it) in the surrounding rubber matrix.
  • adhesion promoter typically for example from 5 to 15 phr of a metal salt such as a salt of cobalt or nickel
  • the filling rubber has, in the crosslinked state, a secant modulus in extension ElO (at 10% elongation) which is between 2 and 25 MPa, more preferably between 3 and 20 MPa, in particular included in a range of 3 to 15 MPa.
  • the invention relates, of course, to the previously described cable both in the green state (its filling rubber then being uncrosslinked) and in the fired state (its filling rubber then being crosslinked or vulcanized).
  • Figure 1 shows schematically in section perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest), an example of a preferred cable 3 + 9 + 15 according to the invention.
  • This type of construction has the consequence that the wires (11, 12) of the second and third layers (C2, C3) form around the three wires (10) of the central layer (Cl) two substantially concentric layers which each have a contour ( E) (shown in dotted lines) which is substantially polygonal (more precisely hexagonal) and non-cylindrical as in the case of cables with so-called cylindrical layers.
  • the filling rubber (13) at least partially fills the central channel or capillary (14) delimited by the three wires (10) of the first layer (Cl ) as well as each of the capillaries (15) (by way of example, some of them, in particular the most central ones, are here symbolized by a triangle) which are delimited on the one hand by the 3 wires (10) of the first layer (C1) and the M son (11) of the second layer (C2), on the other hand by the M son (11) of the second layer (C2) and the N son (12) of the third layer ( C3), these wires being taken three by three.
  • the filling rubber extends in a continuous manner around the second layer (C2) that it covers.
  • Figure 2 recalls the section of a cable 3 + 9 + 15 (denoted C-2) conventional (that is to say, not gummed in situ), also of the compact type.
  • C-2 conventional (that is to say, not gummed in situ), also of the compact type.
  • the absence of gum The result is that all the wires (20, 21, 22) are in contact with each other, which leads to a particularly compact structure, very difficult to penetrate (not to say impenetrable) from the outside by rubber.
  • the characteristic of this type of cable is that the various wires form three to three, between two adjacent layers, channels or capillaries (25) which for the majority of them remain closed and empty, and therefore conducive by "wicking effect""to the propagation of corrosive media such as water.
  • FIG. 3 schematizes, again in section perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed to be rectilinear and at rest), another example of a preferential cable 3 + 9 + 15 (denoted C-3) according to the invention, this time of the type with cylindrical layers that is to say that the son (respectively 31, 32) of the second and third layers (C2, C3) form around the three son (30) of the central layer (Cl) two substantially concentric layers each having an outline (E) (shown in dotted lines) which is substantially cylindrical and non-hexagonal as previously for FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the filling rubber (33), while spacing the wires very slightly, at least partially fills the central channel (34) delimited by the three wires (30) of the first layer (Cl) and that each of the capillaries or interstices (35) (for example, some of them, especially the most central are here symbolized by a triangle) located between, delimited by on the one hand the 3 son (30) of the first layer (C1) and the M son (31) of the second layer (C2), on the other hand the M son (31) of the second layer (C2) and the N son (32) of the third layer (C3 ), these son being taken at least in groups of 3 adjacent son (3, 4, 5 or even 6 in this case, according to the examples of capillaries or interstices shown in Figure 3).
  • the cable of the invention could be provided with an outer hoop, constituted for example by a single wire, metallic or not, helically wound around the cable in a shorter pitch than that of the outer layer (C3), and a winding direction opposite or identical to that of this outer layer.
  • an outer hoop constituted for example by a single wire, metallic or not, helically wound around the cable in a shorter pitch than that of the outer layer (C3), and a winding direction opposite or identical to that of this outer layer.
  • the cable of the invention already self-shrinking, does not generally require the use of an external hoop wire, which advantageously solves the wear problems between the hoop and the wires. the outermost layer of the cable.
  • a hoop wire in the general case where the son of the outer layer are carbon steel, then one can advantageously choose a stainless steel wire hoop to reduce the fretting wear of these son carbon steel in contact with the stainless steel hoop, as taught for example in the application WO-A-98/41682, the stainless steel wire may optionally be replaced, in an equivalent manner, by a composite yarn which only the skin is made of stainless steel and the carbon steel core, as described for example in the document EP-A-976 541. It is also possible to use a hoop consisting of a polyester or a thermotropic aromatic polyester amide, as described in the application WO-A-03/048447.
  • the cable of the invention described above could be optionally gummed in situ with a filling rubber based on elastomers other than diene, especially thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) such as for example polyurethane elastomers.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomers
  • TPU polyurethane elastomers
  • TPU do not require a known manner of crosslinking or vulcanization but which have, at the operating temperature, properties similar to those of a vulcanized diene elastomer.
  • the present invention is implemented with a filling rubber based on diene elastomers such as previously described, thanks in particular to a specific manufacturing process which is particularly suitable for such elastomers; this manufacturing process is described in detail below.
  • the cable of the invention described above, gummed preferentially in situ by a diene elastomer, is capable of being manufactured according to a process comprising the following steps, preferably carried out online and continuously: a first assembly step by twisting of the three wire of the central layer for forming a first point called "first assembly point" of the first layer or central layer (Cl);
  • the step of sheathing by the filling rubber is conducted on the single central layer (Cl), downstream of the first assembly point and upstream of the second assembly point, the filling rubber being delivered in a only once in sufficient quantity for obtaining the cable according to the invention.
  • a possible embodiment may consist in operating, downstream of the second assembly point, an additional step of sheathing the core strand (C1 + C2). However, it is preferred to use only one cladding step. It is recalled here that there are two possible techniques for assembling metal wires:
  • the wires do not undergo torsion around their own axis, because of a synchronous rotation before and after the assembly point; or by twisting: in such a case, the son undergo both a collective twist and an individual twist around their own axis, which generates a torque of detorsion on each of the son and on the cable itself.
  • An essential characteristic of the above method is to use a twisting step for both the assembly of the first layer (Cl) and the second layer (C2) around the central layer (Cl). .
  • the assembly of the third layer (C3) around the second layer (C2) can be made by twisting or cabling. It is preferred to use a twisting operation as for the first two assembly operations (layers C1 and C2).
  • the cable is then preferably manufactured in two discontinuous steps (twisting of the first two layers, and subsequent wiring of the third layer); in this case it is preferred to use two cladding steps, a first cladding of the central layer (Cl), a second subsequent cladding on the core strand (C 1 + C2).
  • the procedure is as follows.
  • the wires of the central layer are twisted together (direction S or Z) for forming the first layer (Cl), in a manner known per se; the son are delivered by feeding means such as coils, a distribution grid, coupled or not to a connecting grain, intended to converge the 3 son in a common point of torsion (or first point of assembly ).
  • the first layer (C1) thus formed is then sheathed with green filling gum provided by an extrusion screw at an appropriate temperature.
  • the filling rubber can thus be delivered at a fixed point, unique and compact, by means of a single extrusion head.
  • the extrusion head may comprise one or more dies, for example an upstream guide die and a downstream die calibration.
  • the extrusion temperature of the filling rubber is between 50 ° C. and 120 ° C., more preferably between 50 ° C. and 100 ° C.
  • the extrusion head thus defines a cladding zone having, for example, in the preferred case of a single cladding step conducted on the central layer (Cl), the shape of a cylinder of revolution whose diameter is preferably comprised between 0.15 mm and 1.2 mm, more preferably between 0.2 and 1.0 mm, and whose length is preferably between 4 and 10 mm.
  • the amount of filling compound delivered by the extrusion head can be adjusted easily so that in the final cable this amount is between 10 and 50 mg per g of final cable, that is to say finished from manufacturing, gummed in situ.
  • the amount of filling gum delivered be between 15 and 45 mg, more preferably between 15 and 40 mg per g of cable.
  • the tension stress exerted on the core strand is preferably between 10 and 25% of its breaking force.
  • the central layer of the cable at any point of its periphery, is preferably covered with a minimum thickness filling rubber that is greater than 20 microns, more preferably greater than 30 microns, especially between 30 and 80 microns.
  • the M son of the second layer (C2) are twisted together (direction S or Z) around the central layer (Cl) thus sheathed to form the core strand (C1 + C2); as previously for the 3 wires of the central layer, the M son of the second layer (C2) are delivered by feeding means such as distribution grid coils, intended to converge around the central layer, the M son in a common torsion point (or second assembly point).
  • feeding means such as distribution grid coils, intended to converge around the central layer, the M son in a common torsion point (or second assembly point).
  • the M son come to rely on the filling rubber, to become embedded in the gum sheath covering the central layer (Cl). This filling rubber, in sufficient quantity, then naturally fills the capillaries that form between the central layer (C1) and the second layer (C2).
  • the final assembly is carried out, always by twisting (direction S or Z), N son of the third layer or outer layer (C3) around the core strand (C1 + C2) previously formed.
  • the cable of the invention is not yet finished: the capillaries or channels delimited by the M son of the second layer (C2) and the N son of the third layer (C3), are not still filled with filling rubber, in any case insufficiently to obtain a cable having an impervious to air that is optimal.
  • the next important step is to pass the cable, thus provided with its filling rubber in the green state, through torsion balancing means to obtain a cable said to be balanced in torsion (ie that is, virtually without residual torsion);
  • Torsional balancing here means, in a known manner, the cancellation of the residual torsional torques (or of the detorsional springback) exerted on each wire of the cable in the twisted state, in its respective layer.
  • Torsion balancing tools are known to those skilled in the art of twisting; they may consist for example of "trainers” and / or “twisters” and / or “twister-trainers” consisting of either pulleys for twisters or small diameter rollers for trainers, pulleys or rollers through which circulates the cable in a single plane or preferably in at least two different planes.
  • the dressing function provided by the use of a trainer tool, would also have the advantage that the contact of the rollers of the trainer with the son of the outer layer (C3) will exert an additional radial pressure on the filling rubber promoting again its optimal distribution in the capillaries present between the second layer (C2) and the third layer (C3) of the cable.
  • the method described above exploits the twisting of the son and the radial pressure exerted on the latter at the final stage of manufacture of the cable, to radially distribute the filling rubber inside the cable, while by perfectly controlling the amount of filling compound provided.
  • Those skilled in the art will in particular be able to adjust the arrangement, the diameter of the pulleys and / or rollers of the torsion-balancing means, in order to vary the intensity of the radial pressure acting on the various wires.
  • the thickness of filling rubber between two adjacent wires of the cable, whatever they are, is greater than 1 micron, preferably between 1 and 10 microns.
  • This cable can be wound on a receiving reel, for storage, before being treated, for example, through a calendering installation, for preparing a metal-rubber composite fabric that can be used as a tire carcass reinforcement, or else to be assembled as a multistrand cable.
  • the method described above has the advantage of making possible the complete operation of initial twisting, exfoliation and subsequent twisting in line and in a single step, regardless of the type of cable manufactured (compact cable as cable with cylindrical layers), all this at high speed.
  • the above method can be implemented at a speed (running speed of the cable on the twisting-scrub line) greater than 50 m / min, preferably greater than 70 m / min, especially greater than 100 m / min.
  • This method of course applies to the manufacture of compact type cables (for recall and by definition, those whose layers C1, C2 and C3 are wound at the same pitch and in the same direction) as the manufacture of cables of the type with cylindrical layers (for recall and by definition, those whose layers C1, C2 and C3 are wound either at different steps (whatever their torsion directions, identical or not), or in opposite directions (whatever their not, identical or different)).
  • An assembly and scrubbing device preferably used for the implementation of this method, is a device comprising upstream downstream, according to the direction of advancement of a cable being formed: feed means and first assembly means by twisting of the three central son for forming the first layer (C1) at a point called said first point of assembly,;
  • cladding means for the central layer (C1) and / or the core strand (C1 + C2), arranged either upstream or downstream, or both upstream and downstream of the second assembly point;
  • supply means (110) deliver three wires (10) through a distribution grid (111) (axisymmetric splitter), whether or not coupled to an assembly line (112), beyond which converge the three son (10) at an assembly point (113) for forming the first layer or central layer (Cl).
  • the central layer (C1) thus formed then passes through a cladding zone (114) consisting for example of an extrusion head.
  • the distance between the sheathing point (114) and the convergence point (113) is for example between 1 and 5 meters.
  • Feeding means (115) then deliver, around the central layer (Cl) thus sheathed, M son (11), for example through a distribution grid coupled to an assembly grain, beyond which converge the M (for example 9) son of the second layer into a second point assembly (116) for forming the core strand (C1 + C2) of construction 3 + M (eg 3 + 9).
  • the cable of the invention is particularly intended for a tire carcass reinforcement for an industrial vehicle.
  • FIG. 5 very schematically represents a radial section of a tire with a metal carcass reinforcement that may or may not conform to the invention, in this general representation.
  • This tire 1 has a crown 2 reinforced by a crown reinforcement or belt 6, two sidewalls 3 and two beads 4, each of these beads 4 being reinforced with a rod 5.
  • the crown 2 is surmounted by a tread not shown in this schematic figure.
  • a carcass reinforcement 7 is wound around the two rods 5 in each bead 4, the upturn 8 of this armature 7 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 1 which is shown here mounted on its rim 9.
  • the carcass reinforcement 7 is in known manner constituted by at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” metal cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from a bead to the other so as to form an angle between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 4 and passes through the middle of the crown frame 6).
  • the tire according to the invention is characterized in that its carcass reinforcement 7 comprises at least, as reinforcing element of at least one carcass ply, a metal cable according to the invention.
  • this tire 1 also comprises in known manner a layer of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly called “inner rubber”) which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply of the air diffusion from the interior space to the tire .
  • 3 + 9 + construction layer wires made of brass-coated carbon steel thin wires are used.
  • the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm.
  • the steel used is a known carbon steel (USA AISI 1069 standard) with a carbon content of 0.70%.
  • the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing.
  • This filling rubber is present in each of the capillaries of the cable, that is to say that it fills all or at least part of each of these capillaries so that it exists at least on any portion of cable of length equal to 3 cm (preferably even reduced to 2 cm), a rubber stopper in each capillary.
  • the filling rubber is a conventional rubber composition for a tire carcass reinforcement for industrial vehicles, having the same formulation as that of the carcass rubber ply that the C-I cable is intended to reinforce; this composition is based on natural rubber (peptized) and carbon black N330 (55 phr); it also comprises the following usual additives: sulfur (6 phr), sulfenamide accelerator (1 phr), ZnO (9 phr), stearic acid (0.7 phr), antioxidant (1.5 phr), cobalt naphthenate (1 phr) pce); the ElO modulus of the composition is about 6 MPa. This composition was extruded at a temperature of about 85 ° C through a sizing die with a diameter of about 0.450 mm.
  • the CI cables thus prepared were subjected to the air permeability test described in paragraph II-1-B, by measuring the volume of air (in cm 3 ) passing through the cables in 1 minute (average of 10 measurements for each cable tested). For each CI cable tested and for 100% of the measurements (ie ten test pieces out of ten), a flow rate of zero or less than 0.2 cm 3 / min was measured; in other words, these examples of cables prepared according to the method of the invention described above can be qualified as airtight along their longitudinal axis; they therefore have an optimal penetration rate by rubber.
  • control gummed cables in situ of the same construction as the CI compact cables above, were prepared according to the method described in the aforementioned application WO 2005/071157, in several discontinuous steps, by sheathing via a head. extruding the intermediate core strand 3 + 9, and then, in a second step, wiring the remaining 15 wires around the core thus sheathed, for forming the outer layer.
  • These control cables were then subjected to the air permeability test of section 1-2.
  • the method of the invention allows the manufacture of 3 + M + N construction cables gummed in situ which, thanks to an optimal penetration rate by rubber, on the one hand have a high endurance in carcass reinforcement of pneumatic, on the other hand can be implemented effectively under industrial conditions, especially without the difficulties associated with overflowing of rubber during their manufacture.
  • At least one (ie one or more) wire of the cable of the invention could be replaced by a preformed wire or deformed, or more generally by a wire of different section than the other son diameter di and / or d 2 and / or d 3 , for example to further improve the penetrability of the cable by rubber or any other material, the bulk diameter of this replacement wire may be smaller, equal to or greater than the diameter (di and / or d 2 and / or d 3 ) of the other constituent wires of the layer (C1 and / or C2 and / or C3) concerned.
  • part of the son constituting the cable according to the invention could be replaced by son other than son steel, metal or not, including son mineral or organic material to high mechanical strength, for example monofilaments organic polymers liquid crystal.
  • the invention also relates to any multi-strand steel cable ("multistrand rope") whose structure incorporates at least, as elementary strand, a layered cable according to the invention.
  • multi-strand cables in accordance with the invention which can be used, for example, in tires for industrial vehicles of the civil engineering type, in particular in their carcass or crown reinforcement, mention may be made of two-layer multistrand cables (J + K) strands of general construction known per se, for example:
  • each elementary strand (or at least, at least some of them) is constituted by a cable with three layers 3 + M + N, in particular 3 + 8 + 14 or 3 + 9 + 15, which is in accordance with the invention.
EP10727446A 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 In-situ gummiertes dreilagiges stahlseil mit 3+m+n-struktur Withdrawn EP2449169A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0954600A FR2947577B1 (fr) 2009-07-03 2009-07-03 Cable metallique a trois couches gomme in situ de construction 3+m+n
PCT/EP2010/059489 WO2011000951A2 (fr) 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 Cable metallique a trois couches gomme in situ de construction 3+m+n

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2449169A2 true EP2449169A2 (de) 2012-05-09

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EP10727446A Withdrawn EP2449169A2 (de) 2009-07-03 2010-07-02 In-situ gummiertes dreilagiges stahlseil mit 3+m+n-struktur

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US (1) US20120186715A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2449169A2 (de)
JP (1) JP2012531539A (de)
KR (1) KR20120051667A (de)
CN (1) CN102472000A (de)
BR (1) BR112012000117A8 (de)
EA (1) EA201270123A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2947577B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011000951A2 (de)

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FR3022264A1 (fr) 2014-06-12 2015-12-18 Michelin & Cie Produit semi-fini comprenant un cable gomme in situ noye dans une composition de caoutchouc de calandrage
FR3022261B1 (fr) 2014-06-12 2016-06-03 Michelin & Cie Cable gomme in situ comprenant une composition de gommage comprenant un inhibiteur de corrosion
CN106906680A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2017-06-30 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种（3＋6）结构的超高强度钢帘线
CN107953728B (zh) * 2017-11-27 2020-02-11 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种缆型胎圈及轮胎
CN109537335A (zh) * 2018-11-10 2019-03-29 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种多边形钢帘线的生产方法
CN109594373A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-09 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 一种多边形层状结构的钢丝帘线的生产工艺
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA201270123A1 (ru) 2012-06-29
US20120186715A1 (en) 2012-07-26
WO2011000951A3 (fr) 2011-02-24
CN102472000A (zh) 2012-05-23
WO2011000951A2 (fr) 2011-01-06
KR20120051667A (ko) 2012-05-22
FR2947577B1 (fr) 2013-02-22
BR112012000117A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
FR2947577A1 (fr) 2011-01-07
BR112012000117A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
JP2012531539A (ja) 2012-12-10

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