EP2400816A1 - Dispositif destiné à la fonte de pièces en métal - Google Patents

Dispositif destiné à la fonte de pièces en métal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2400816A1
EP2400816A1 EP11164725A EP11164725A EP2400816A1 EP 2400816 A1 EP2400816 A1 EP 2400816A1 EP 11164725 A EP11164725 A EP 11164725A EP 11164725 A EP11164725 A EP 11164725A EP 2400816 A1 EP2400816 A1 EP 2400816A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
yoke
magnetic
metal
pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11164725A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Dr. Müller
Jens Dr. Krause
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zenergy Power GmbH
Original Assignee
Zenergy Power GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zenergy Power GmbH filed Critical Zenergy Power GmbH
Publication of EP2400816A1 publication Critical patent/EP2400816A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/367—Coil arrangements for melting furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/365—Coil arrangements using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for melting metals in the form of pieces and / or powders in a heat-resistant crucible, which is surrounded by at least one coil assembly which generates a DC magnetic field, which predominantly passes through the crucible transverse to the central axis and the rotation of the crucible generates short-circuit currents around its center axis at least in the metal pieces and / or the metal powders.
  • Such a device is known from US 4,761,527 A .
  • Fig. 19 known.
  • a rotary-driven crucible and stationary coil arrangement or rotation of the coil assembly and resting crucible (as well by opposing rotation of the crucible and the coil assembly) arise in the metal pieces short-circuit currents that heat the metal pieces.
  • a warming up to and beyond the melting point succeeds because of the high heat of fusion even at relatively low melting metals such as aluminum and certain aluminum alloys only when correspondingly high induction currents are generated in the metals.
  • the coil assembly must have a high Amperewindungsiere, ie a winding with numerous turns with a large conductor cross section and a correspondingly powerful DC power source. In the winding therefore creates a significant heat loss, which must be dissipated by forced cooling, usually by using water-flowed copper pipes for the coil winding.
  • an induction furnace with a crucible for melting brass chips is known, over which a carbon top layer is located.
  • a stirrer which moves up and down, but does not dip into the melt, but presses the brass chips into the carbon top layer and optionally performs a reciprocating motion in the range of ⁇ 45 °.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device of the type mentioned in the introduction, which allows a compared to this considerably energy-saving smelting of metal pieces and / or metal powders.
  • the superconducting winding Compared to a normally conducting winding, the superconducting winding provides the required, high magnetic flux density with significantly lower energy input, because after generating the current through the superconducting winding practically only the electrical energy for the operation of the cryostat must be expended. This electrical energy is only about 5% of the electrical energy that must be expended to cover the ohmic losses of a normal-conducting winding and to its cooling. This applies not only to the melting but also to a subsequent further heating to a predetermined temperature, e.g. the casting temperature.
  • a stamp is arranged, which can be lowered onto the metal pieces in the crucible. As a result, the electrical contact between the metal pieces is improved and thus the melting process is accelerated.
  • the plunger rotates in the same direction and preferably synchronously with the crucible, so that the angular velocity with which the metal pieces move, does not lag behind that of the crucible and thereby reduces the amount of short-circuit currents generated by induction in the metal pieces.
  • the melt tends to lag behind the rotation of the crucible.
  • a further significant improvement of the device is achieved when the stamp has driver side underside. Especially when the metal pieces are already completely or at least partially melted, the driving fingers counteract a retention of the melt or the liquid metal layer which first forms on the crucible inner wall.
  • the stamp may be made of non-magnetic, non-conductive material, e.g. made of ceramic.
  • the stamp is at least partially made of a non-magnetic, electrically conductive material, because then the stamp is heated by eddy currents and therefore supports the heating of the metal pieces or the powder by direct heat conduction (and in part also by heat radiation).
  • the metal pieces in addition to their direct heating by the short-circuit currents also indirectly by heat conduction and heated by the heat radiation, in particular the crucible wall, as well as the melting on the bottom of the crucible accumulating.
  • at least the wall of the crucible over at least part of its height consists of a non-conductive material. If this is, for example, the upper part of the crucible wall, this is achieved in that the melt in this is heated indirectly in the upper part of the crucible and in the lower part directly. The upper part then ensures the melting and the lower for further heating.
  • the crucible may have inside a refractory or refractory lining, as known from the foundry technology for the protection of the vessel walls and to reduce the losses due to heat radiation.
  • the lining can be lost or permanent.
  • An easy-to-implement rotary drive is to connect the bottom of the crucible with the end of a drive shaft rotatably.
  • the axis of the drive shaft may coincide with the vertical center axis of the crucible.
  • the non-rotatable connection between the bottom of the crucible and the end of the drive shaft is releasable, e.g. designed as a dog clutch.
  • the crucible can then be removed from the device by means of a conventional hoist and transported to the place of use of the molten metal.
  • the drive shaft can also be arranged horizontally, for example, and have at its end a pinion that meshes with a ring gear at the bottom of the crucible.
  • the crucible may be engaged on its outer periphery with a rotating device.
  • the device may e.g. consist of a seated on the wall of the crucible and a sprocket driven pinion or drivers in engagement with a drive chain.
  • the coil arrangement preferably comprises a ferromagnetic yoke with opposing, mutually spaced pole pieces, between the pole faces of the crucible is rotatably mounted without contact.
  • the material for the yoke and its dimensions are suitably chosen so that the yoke can be operated close to its magnetic saturation. As a result, and by the pole pieces, the magnetic leakage losses are kept low.
  • the cross section of the yoke may be smaller in the region of the winding than in the remaining regions.
  • the yoke is preferably substantially C-shaped.
  • the superconducting winding may then be placed on the middle portion of the C-yoke, away from the high heat-generating crucible, so as not to impose unnecessarily high cooling power on the winding cryostat.
  • a shielding the radiant heat of the crucible aperture can be attached between the crucible and the cryostat.
  • the yoke can also be arranged vertically in a vertical plane, in such a way that the middle section of the yoke is located below the crucible and, if necessary, has an opening for the passage of the drive shaft.
  • the coil arrangement can each comprise a superconducting winding on both sides of the opening of the yoke for the passage of the drive shaft. The stamp can either be driven sufficiently far up to remove the crucible and / or laterally swung away.
  • a development of the device consists in that in a yoke containing the rectangular plane another yoke with pole pieces is arranged, which occupy a portion of the free space between the pole pieces of the first yoke and that on a leg of the further yoke also at least one coil arrangement ,
  • a normal conducting winding which is connected to a current and preferably also adjustable frequency AC power source.
  • the normally conducting winding thus generates an alternating magnetic field which, apart from the unavoidable leakage flux, also predominantly passes through the crucible transverse to its central axis, but orthogonal to the direction of the direct magnetic field.
  • the alternating magnetic field shortens the initial phase of heating until softening or melting of the metals.
  • the further coil arrangement or its AC power source can be switched off.
  • the device according to the invention can also be extended to melt metal pieces and / or metal powders in two separate crucibles.
  • a C-shaped yoke In place of a C-shaped yoke then enters an E-shaped yoke.
  • the superconducting coil assembly is best positioned on its center leg. Between the middle leg and the one outer leg of the E yoke is the same crucible as in the case of the C-yoke, between the middle leg and the other outer leg another, similar crucible with rotary drive, lowerable punch, etc.
  • the melting process can be accelerated by adding a sacrificial plate made of the same metal into the crucible together with the metal pieces and / or metal powders.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate a first embodiment of the device. It comprises a crucible 1 with refractory lining 1.1 between pole pieces 2.1 and 2.2 of a C-shaped yoke 2. On the center leg 2.3 sits a coil assembly 3 which comprises a superconducting winding 3.1 in a known per se, indicated by dashed lines 3.2 cryostat.
  • the superconducting winding 3.1 of the coil assembly 3 is flowed through DC and generates in the C-shaped yoke 2, a magnetic flux, the crucible 1 in the in FIG. 3 interspersed only schematically and disregarding the leakage flux.
  • the yoke 2 is arranged horizontally in this example.
  • the bottom of the crucible 1 is rotatably but separable (not shown) coupled to a shaft 4, which is guided in at least one upper bearing 5 and in turn is driven by a non-illustrated, powerful electric motor during operation of the device.
  • a shaft 4 which is guided in at least one upper bearing 5 and in turn is driven by a non-illustrated, powerful electric motor during operation of the device.
  • Suitable entrainment and coupling devices are known in the art.
  • Fig. 1 Metal scrap 6 over a sacrificial plate 30, which is made of the same material as the metal scrap 6.
  • a stamp 7 with several lower-side driving fingers as 7.1.
  • the punch 7 and its driving finger 7.1 are made of a refractory or refractory material.
  • the punch 7 can be rotated by a shaft 8 in the same direction to the shaft 4 and preferably at the same speed as the latter in rotation.
  • lowered position of the serves Stamp 7 for the compaction of the metal scrap 6 to produce the longest possible current paths.
  • the driving fingers 7.1 avoid that the metal scrap 6 and later, after the melting, the molten metal remains behind the rotation of the crucible 1.
  • the shaft 8 is additionally raised according to the arrow P from the position in solid lines in a position indicated only by dashed lines, in the one hand, the crucible 1 can be equipped with the metal scrap 6 and in the other hand, the crucible 1 with the molten metal up between the Pole pieces 2.1 and 2.2 highlighted and eg can be spent by means of known horizontal conveyor and tilting devices to the place and poured out where the molten metal is needed.
  • FIG. 4 is a second embodiment (without punch 7 and its drive) shown.
  • the C-shaped yoke 2 is different from Fig. 2 standing, so arranged in a vertical plane. Therefore, the center leg 2.3 has a passage opening 2.3.1 for the shaft 4 of the crucible 1.
  • the coil assembly 3 is seated on one of the two free (lateral) legs of the C-shaped yoke 2.
  • a division into two symmetrical coil arrangements is possible, but would not represent a significant improvement functionally, but increase the cost significantly.
  • FIG. 4 An arrangement of the C-shaped yoke 2 as in Fig. 4 is especially useful when the device is supplemented by a second C-shaped yoke 9, which carries an AC-powered coil assembly 10.
  • This third embodiment is in Fig. 5 shown, again only for reasons of clarity without the punch 7, etc.
  • the C-shaped yokes 2 and 9 can also be arranged Vertungsver (2004)t, that is, the yoke 2 as in Fig. 2 lying in a horizontal plane and the yoke 9 standing in a vertical plane, as the yoke 2 in Fig. 4 ,
  • Fig. 7 schematically is a plan view of a fourth embodiment shown, which largely coincides with the first embodiment, with the proviso that in the region of the winding 3.1, the cross section of the yoke 2 is reduced in relation to the cross section of the other parts of the yoke.
  • FIG. 8 shows quite schematically a fifth embodiment of the device, which makes it possible to heat the contents of two crucibles 21 and 22 at the same time, as long as both crucibles are simultaneously rotated.
  • This embodiment comprises an E-shaped yoke 11, which to a certain extent has been created by joining two yokes 2 of the first embodiment, but carries the superconducting coil arrangement 3 on the center leg 11.1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
EP11164725A 2010-06-24 2011-05-04 Dispositif destiné à la fonte de pièces en métal Withdrawn EP2400816A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010024883A DE102010024883A1 (de) 2010-06-24 2010-06-24 Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Metallstücken

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2400816A1 true EP2400816A1 (fr) 2011-12-28

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EP11164725A Withdrawn EP2400816A1 (fr) 2010-06-24 2011-05-04 Dispositif destiné à la fonte de pièces en métal

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20110319270A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2400816A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102297592A (fr)
DE (1) DE102010024883A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022108235A1 (de) 2022-04-06 2023-10-12 Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Induktionsschmelzvorrichtung und baukastensystem für kokille

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103233264A (zh) * 2013-05-03 2013-08-07 江苏海翔化工有限公司 避免直拉法石英坩埚渗硅的硅料融化加热工艺
KR101658727B1 (ko) * 2015-03-11 2016-09-21 창원대학교 산학협력단 이동형 철심을 이용한 초전도 자석 장치 및 그의 유도가열장치
CN106091685B (zh) * 2016-06-14 2018-04-13 重庆瑞方渝美压铸有限公司 压铸电熔炉
DE102018109592A1 (de) * 2018-04-20 2019-10-24 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Schwebeschmelzverfahren
CN108995276B (zh) * 2018-06-28 2021-02-12 江苏大隆凯科技有限公司 提高包块密度的打包机
CN109207784B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2023-06-20 独山金孟锰业有限公司 一种锰硅合金综合冶炼系统
CN114082872A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-02-25 贵州航天精工制造有限公司 一种tc4钛合金紧固件螺纹滚压成形方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912552A (en) 1956-02-04 1959-11-10 Baermann Max Apparatus for heating
DE1281149B (de) 1960-09-23 1968-10-24 Chase Brass & Copper Co Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung eines Verfahrens zum Schmelzen von Messingspaenen
US4761527A (en) 1985-10-04 1988-08-02 Mohr Glenn R Magnetic flux induction heating
DE19652171A1 (de) 1996-12-14 1998-06-18 Eric Mix Verfahren zur thermischen Isolation induktiv geheizter Tiegel und Schmelzen in der Kristallzucht mit kohlenstoffgebundenen Kohlenstofffasern
DE102007034970A1 (de) 2007-07-26 2009-02-05 Zenergy Power Gmbh Induktionsheizverfahren
US20090118126A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation Superconductor induction coil

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2912552A (en) 1956-02-04 1959-11-10 Baermann Max Apparatus for heating
DE1281149B (de) 1960-09-23 1968-10-24 Chase Brass & Copper Co Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung eines Verfahrens zum Schmelzen von Messingspaenen
US4761527A (en) 1985-10-04 1988-08-02 Mohr Glenn R Magnetic flux induction heating
DE19652171A1 (de) 1996-12-14 1998-06-18 Eric Mix Verfahren zur thermischen Isolation induktiv geheizter Tiegel und Schmelzen in der Kristallzucht mit kohlenstoffgebundenen Kohlenstofffasern
DE102007034970A1 (de) 2007-07-26 2009-02-05 Zenergy Power Gmbh Induktionsheizverfahren
US20090118126A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation Superconductor induction coil

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022108235A1 (de) 2022-04-06 2023-10-12 Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Induktionsschmelzvorrichtung und baukastensystem für kokille

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Publication number Publication date
US20110319270A1 (en) 2011-12-29
CN102297592A (zh) 2011-12-28
DE102010024883A1 (de) 2011-12-29

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