EP2369076B1 - Leichtes Wohnmodul und Modulgebäude - Google Patents

Leichtes Wohnmodul und Modulgebäude Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2369076B1
EP2369076B1 EP11159613.6A EP11159613A EP2369076B1 EP 2369076 B1 EP2369076 B1 EP 2369076B1 EP 11159613 A EP11159613 A EP 11159613A EP 2369076 B1 EP2369076 B1 EP 2369076B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing module
lightweight housing
canvas
frame
lightweight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11159613.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2369076A1 (de
Inventor
Catherine Dalo
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2369076A1 publication Critical patent/EP2369076A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/18—Tents having plural sectional covers, e.g. pavilions, vaulted tents, marquees, circus tents; Plural tents, e.g. modular
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S135/00—Tent, canopy, umbrella, or cane
    • Y10S135/908—Super tent or canopy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lightweight housing module and a modular building consisting of a plurality of lightweight housing modules, and their respective mounting method.
  • Lightweight housing modules already known comprising a stretched fabric intended to form the roof of said module and conventionally fixed along its lower peripheral edge on a rigid frame kept at a distance from the ground by a plurality of lateral posts themselves fixed on floor. Said fabric can then be tensioned by fixing its central portion at the upper end of a central mast and then pulling on the lower edge of said fabric by appropriate means.
  • the fabric may also be tensioned by at least one arch divided into two half-arches whose lower ends each bear on the rigid frame, and whose upper ends are connected to one another by a device allowing spacing said upper ends from each other to obtain, on the one hand, the upward deformation by buckling of said arch and, on the other hand, the tension of the fabric.
  • modules are in principle prefabricated and therefore of significant size and weight. Consequently, they require, on the one hand, a semi-trailer truck for their road transport and, on the other hand, high capacity lifting gear for their loading and unloading. Said modules are therefore not suitable for installations on sites that are difficult to access.
  • the purpose of the present invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a lightweight housing module and a modular building consisting of a plurality of light housing modules, each having high thermal insulation characteristics and being particularly simple to implement without having to resort to any high capacity lifting gear.
  • a light housing module comprising at least one stretched canvas intended to form the roof of said lightweight housing module and intended to be fixed along its lower peripheral edge on a rigid frame maintained at a distance from the ground by a plurality of lateral posts themselves intended to be fixed on the ground, said lightweight housing unit comprising vertical panels comprising an insulating material and / or openings for sealing the facades substantially vertical lines located along the perimeter of said frame and a false ceiling arranged to be disposed under said fabric inside said lightweight housing module and fixed by its peripheral edge to the frame so as to create a "thermal and acoustic mattress" by imprisoning the air contained between the fabric and said false ceiling, said light housing module (1) being remarkable in that it comprises a system e tension of said web disposed entirely within said lightweight housing module and adapted to move the canvas upward by an action at its central inner portion, so as to tension and support its weight.
  • the present invention also relates to a modular building remarkable in that it comprises a plurality of lightweight housing modules, according to the invention, arranged next to each other, and a sealing device provided between the faces facing each other. with respect to the frames of two adjacent light housing modules, said sealing device sealing the assembly of said modular building.
  • Light housing modules according to the invention are arranged in such a way that they make it possible to obtain a modular building of various shapes and sizes.
  • the light housing module 1 comprises a stretched fabric 2 intended to form the roof of said lightweight housing module 1 and fixed along its lower peripheral edge on a rigid frame 3 held at a distance from the ground by a plurality of 4 side posts themselves fixed on the ground.
  • the lightweight residential module 1 also comprises vertical panels and / or openings 6 for substantially sealing the vertical facades located along the perimeter of the frame 3, said openings 6 being preferably standard elements of the frame. type trade door, French window, single or double window or sliding windows, the panels 5 being made with commercial materials such as metal sheets, raw or reconstituted wood and / or insulation materials such as mineral wool for example.
  • the lightweight residential module 1 comprises a false ceiling 7 disposed under the fabric 2 inside said lightweight residential module 1 and fixed by its peripheral edge along the frame 3.
  • the lightweight housing module 1 comprises a tension system (see figure 4 ) having a frame 8 formed by at least one arch divided into two half-hoops 81 whose lower ends each bear on the frame 3, and whose upper ends 82 are connected to each other by a device gauge 83 as described in the European patent application EP 2 130 994 filed in the name of the plaintiff.
  • the spacing between the upper ends 82 causes an upward movement of the middle part of the hoop and therefore a tension of the fabric 2 since its lower edge is fixed on the frame 3.
  • This spacing device 83 (see figure 5 ) comprises sliding-type connection means of a tube 84 inside at least one of the upper ends 82 of the half-arches 81, and means of separation of said upper ends 82 comprising organs take 85 respectively secured to one and the other of the upper ends 82 and a threaded member 86 cooperating with said gripping members 85 for the approximation and / or vice versa the distance of said ends 82 from one another.
  • the threaded member 86 consists of a threaded rod provided in its central zone with an actuating member 87 in rotation and, at its ends, threads in the opposite direction of rotation.
  • the gripping members 85 are secured to the outside of said upper ends 82 and have internal threads cooperating respectively with the corresponding threads of the threaded rod.
  • the frame 3 preferably comprises longitudinal members 31 and attached to each other by means not shown in the drawing, each of the longitudinal members 31 consisting of a profiled element of light alloy, of substantially rectangular straight section or hollow hollow.
  • the frame 3 comprises fastening means (not shown) capable of receiving the posts 4 and structural reinforcements such as, for example, struts 9, and comprises fastening means (not shown) for their respective attachment to said frame 3.
  • the frame 3 comprises a fixing device 32 adapted to ensure the attachment of the lower peripheral edge of the fabric 2 on said frame 3.
  • the fixing device 32 is advantageously similar to that described in the European patent EP 0 277 073 issued in the name of the plaintiff.
  • the fixing device 32 (see figure 7 ) is such that each of the longitudinal members 31 of the frame 3 has a groove 33 opening through an inlet slot of width less than that of the bottom of the groove 33 and that a locking ring 34 can be engaged transversely in the groove 33, through its entry slit, and be immobilized therein to retain the lower peripheral edge of the fabric 2 having a bead 21.
  • the fastening device 32 is remarkable in that in the locking position the locking rod 34 is in a vertical position, at right angles to its insertion position by an inlet slot, and is wedged inside the groove 33, so that a tensile force exerted to the outside, on the fabric 2, does not allow the bead 21 to escape from the groove 33.
  • the light housing module 1 comprises at least in part along the periphery of the frame 3 a plurality of gutter elements 10 (see FIG. figure 9 ), secured to said frame 3, for collecting rainwater dripping on the fabric 2, said gutter elements 10 forming an integral part of the frame 3.
  • the frame 3 preferably comprises, in accordance with the French patent FR 2,684,712 issued in the name of the applicant, a longitudinal groove 35 (see figure 9 ) C-shaped overall opening to the outside, the upper portion has an outgrowth 36 directed downwards, while the lower portion has an outgrowth 37, of substantially larger dimensions, directed upwards, these excrescences 36, 37 delimiting the opening of the groove 35.
  • This groove 35 is intended to receive, by snapping, the gutter element 10, whose cross section is generally U-shaped and whose inner wall 101 on the side of the frame 3 is divided in the upper part into two branches, namely an outer branch 102, located in the extension of the inner side wall 101 and an inner branch 103, having a cross section of substantially circular shape, whose concavity is turned towards the outside of the gutter element 10, and whose end is located above that of the outer branch 102.
  • the ends of the two outer and inner branches 102, 103 are t bent respectively downwardly and upwardly, so that in the recesses of respective bends thus formed can be housed the respective growths 36, 37.
  • the two outer branches and internal 102, 103 are elastically deformable under the effect of a bias, so as to allow the snapping of the gutter element 10 in the groove 35 of the spar 31.
  • the longitudinal members 31, in particular those of great length comprise a prestressing means 38 (see FIG. figure 6 ) to put each spar 31 in tension, said tension is opposite to that which will be exerted by the fabric 2 when the latter will be tensioned.
  • this prestressing means 38 is positioned in the vicinity of the middle of each spar 31 and preferably comprises a cable 381 whose length is substantially longer than that of said spar 31 and whose ends are fixed respectively close to the ends of said spar.
  • the constraining member 382 is inclined so as to be substantially parallel to the stretched fabric 2 and comprises a tube 383 integral with the spar 31 and having at its free end a tapping (not shown), a threaded rod 384 adapted to move in the tube 383 cooperating with said tapping, a receiving member 385 generally U-shaped, fixed to the free end of said threaded rod 384 and adapted to receive the cable 381, and a locking member 386, advantageously a nut, for immobilizing the threaded rod 384 with respect to the tube 383.
  • the light residential module 1 comprises at least partly along the periphery of the frame 3, vertical panels 5 to close the vertical facades situated under said frame 3.
  • each of these panels 5 comprise a plate 51 advantageously composed of two panels sandwiching at least one insulating blanket 52 of insulating material such as mineral wool or polystyrene for example, a facing plate 53 disposed on said plate 51 on the outside of the module 1.
  • Each panel 5 is closed vertically by two boards 54 arranged between the sides of the plate 51 along each of its vertical edges and provided with at least one female groove 541 opening out of said plate 51 and adapted to cooperate with a batten (not shown) to allow vertical assembly and sealing between two adjacent panels 5.
  • the sections of the plate 51, the boards 54 and the slats will preferably be made from raw or reconstituted wood.
  • the seal between an assembly, comprising either a panel 5 or several adjacent panels 5 assembled together, and the frame and posts 3, 4 of the light module 1 is realized (see figure 12 ) with the aid of first U-shaped vertical sealing profiles 55 placed on each side of said assembly and a second generally U-shaped horizontal sealing profile 56 disposed at the top of said assembly, the first and second profiles 55 , 56 ensuring watertightness by preventing, in particular, the infiltration of rainwater.
  • the second profile 56 is integral with the frame 3 of the light housing module 1 and is wider than the panel 5 and has its inclined outer wing 561 relative to the vertical outward of the light housing module 1 in order to act as a rain screen and to prevent rain water from being introduced between said second profile 56 and the top of the panel 5.
  • the first and second profiles 55, 56 are preferably metallic and fixed in the plate assembly 51 and facing plate 53 by screws not shown.
  • the facing plate 53 may be fixed directly on the plate 51 or with an offset thanks to the spacer sections 57 having a cross section in the overall shape of omega capital, so as to leave an air space between the facing plate 53 and the plate 51 to increase the insulation of the panel 5.
  • the panels 5 are arranged under the frame 3 resting on a rail 11 (see figure 12 ) preferably an extruded profile of light alloy fixed to the ground, whose cross section is in the overall shape of L, said rail 11 ensuring the seal between the panels 5 and the ground while avoiding that the panels 5 do not rest directly on the soil to prevent degradation.
  • the rail 11 makes it possible to guarantee the horizontality and the continuity of the laying plane of the panels 5.
  • the light housing module 1 will also rest on a masonry belt 12 guaranteeing a continuous, clean and substantially horizontal installation plan.
  • the sashes 6, which are standard products of the building sector, are inserted and fixed between the panels 5 by conventional techniques employed in said sector.
  • said module 1 comprises sections 13, whose cross section is in the overall shape of L, around the openings 6 and along the rails 11.
  • said module 1 also includes corner profiles 14 facing able to cooperate with the panels 5 arranged on either side of a corner post 4 and to hide said post 4 by surrounding it.
  • the light residential module 1 also includes a false ceiling 7 (see figure 10 ).
  • the false ceiling 7 is, with reference to the figure 10 , a fabric 71 stretched inside the lightweight housing module 1 under the fabric 2 forming the roof of said light housing unit 1 and fixed by its peripheral edge along the frame 3.
  • the outer peripheral edge of the fabric 71 of the false ceiling 7 has a bead (not shown) arranged to be retained in a fastening device (not shown) of the fabric 71 in the frame 3 of the lightweight housing module 1.
  • Said fixing device is advantageously similar to that described in the European patent EP 0 277 073 issued in the name of the plaintiff.
  • said fabric 71 advantageously comprises a compensation zone capable of absorb said defects through a lace 72 preferably elastic (see the detail of the figure 10 ).
  • Said compensation zone is a peripheral cut in the fabric 71 of the false ceiling 7 separating the latter in a first central zone and a second end zone comprising the bead.
  • the lace 72 then connects in an adjustable manner the first and second zones (not shown).
  • the false ceiling 7 comprises connecting means 73 to maintain in tension position the fabric 71 relative to the frame 8 of the lightweight housing module 1.
  • the fabric 71 also has in its central part an orifice 74 provided with a rod 75, that is to say a bead.
  • This ring 75 is formed by a ring taken in a fold of said fabric 71, said ring being for example made of rope, natural or synthetic.
  • the connecting means 73 comprise a hoop 76, that is to say an annular portion, intended to receive on its outer surface the rod 75 of the cloth 71.
  • This hoop 76 is provided at its base with a stop 77 s extending radially outwardly, for example fixed to the hoop 76 by welding, and a locking ring 78 which, in the position where the false ceiling 7 is mounted (as shown in FIG. figure 10 ), is interposed between the rod 75 and the stop 77, thus ensuring the locking of the rod 75.
  • the false ceiling 7 further comprises connecting members 79 connecting means 73, and in particular the hoop 76, at each of the upper ends of the half-hoops 81 of the frame 8 of the lightweight housing module 1.
  • These bodies junction 79 ensure the suspended position of the canvas 71 of the false ceiling 7.
  • said connecting members 79 are advantageously of the cable-pulley type, so that pulling on a cable is brought closer together (ring 76-ring 75-locking ring 78) of the upper ends 82 of the half-arches 81 to lift and stretch the fabric 71.
  • the false ceiling 7 is inverted double curvature, that is to say it has a general shape of Chinese hat in other words a conical surface of revolution whose generator is not a straight but a curve.
  • the false ceiling 7 has the effect, on the one hand, to reduce the volume to be heated by reducing the height under ceiling and, on the other hand, to create a "thermal mattress” by trapping the air contained in all the part of the lightweight housing module 1 located above the frame 3 between the webs 2 and 71.
  • the false ceiling 7 may comprise at least one insulating mat (not shown) disposed by the orifice 74 (see FIG. figure 10 ) above the fabric 71 and made of insulating materials such as mineral wool or polystyrene for example in the form of plates or rolls to unroll. These insulating materials are introduced through the orifice 74 after energizing the fabric 71 and then deposited on said fabric 71.
  • the orifice 74 also makes it possible to verify from inside the state of the fabric 2 forming the roof of the light residential module 1, but also the state of the framework 8 of the tension system of said fabric 2
  • the orifice 74 will advantageously be closed by a lid (not shown).
  • the skilled person will have no difficulty in sizing the various components of the lightweight housing module 1 according to the invention according to the overall dimensions of said lightweight housing module 1 and site conditions where will be installed this latest. Similarly, to ensure the stability of the lightweight housing module 1, the skilled person will have no difficulty in determining the necessary reinforcing elements such as, for example, additional side posts, braces, braces, diagonals connecting two opposite angles of the frame 3 or bars now in place the frame 8.
  • the light residential module 1 comprises a tensioning system comprising a framework 8 formed by at least one arch divided into two half-arches 81 whose lower ends each bear on the frame 3, the light housing module 1 further comprises a voltage diagonal 88 connecting two opposite angles of the frame 3 and disposed in the vertical plane containing the two half-arches 81.
  • This diagonal tension 88 can maintain the mechanical balance of the assembly after the tensioning of the fabric 2.
  • the voltage diagonal 88 is advantageously a cable or a bar.
  • the establishment of the posts 4 can be carried out before setting up the tensioning system of the fabric 2 and the step of setting up the vertical facades can precede the step of fixing the peripheral edge of the fabric 71 forming the false ceiling 7.
  • the step of assembling the frame 3 of the light housing module 1 according to the invention may be preceded by a step of producing a masonry belt 12 forming a continuous laying plane of said light housing module 1.
  • the step of placing the vertical facades can advantageously be followed by a step of setting up a plurality of gutter elements 10 and a step of checking the finishes and the tightness of the light housing module 1 with, if necessary, a fire hose test, for example.
  • the assembly step of the frame 3 of the light housing module 1 according to the invention as well as those of placing and under tension of the fabric 2 will preferably, for obvious reasons of ease, carried out on the ground or man's height on trestles, for example.
  • the implementation stage 4 posts position is progressively raised by lifting one side and then another to gradually install the posts 4 one after the other.
  • the invention also relates to a modular building 150 consisting of a plurality of light housing modules 1, of different dimensions or not, arranged next to each other.
  • each of the light residential modules 1 constituting said building 150 it is necessary to assemble, as previously described, each of the light residential modules 1 constituting said building 150 until the establishment of the vertical facades comprising in particular side panels and / or openings 6.
  • the modular building 150 is not a simple juxtaposition of light residential modules 1 closed but that a person living in said building must be able to come and go from a light housing module 1 to the other.
  • the vertical faces of a light housing module 1 located in front of a light housing module 1 adjacent must be at least partly open, which requires sealing between the various lightweight modules of houses 1 constants said modular building 150.
  • the modular building 150 comprises a sealing device 151 between the faces vis-à-vis the frames 3 of two adjacent lightweight housing modules 1.
  • the sealing device 151 comprises a first sealing member 152 disposed in a groove 153 longitudinally made in the frame 3 of each of the lightweight housing modules 1, a second sealing member 154 disposed above the first sealing member 152 between the frames 3 of two adjacent lightweight housing modules 1, and a plurality of clamping members 155 for clamping the two frames 3 against each other and compressing the first and second sealing members 152, 154 to seal between two lightweight modules 1 adjacent dwelling.
  • the first and second sealing members 152, 154 are preferably closed-cell EPDM seals for example and respectively of the lip seal and flat seal type.
  • the clamping members 155 advantageously comprise a threaded rod 156 traversing simultaneously the two frames 3 and having at each of their ends a nut 157 for clamping said two frames 3 against each other.
  • the modular building 150 has gutter elements (not shown) attached, as previously described for the gutter elements 10 of a light housing module 1, along the perimeter of said modular building 150.
  • the assembly step of the various light housing modules 1 constituting the modular building 150 may be preceded by a step of realization of a masonry belt 12 forming a continuous laying plan of said modular building 150.
  • the light housing module 1 may include a tension system of the fabric 2 for forming the roof of said lightweight housing module 1 comprising a central mast.
  • the central mast of the light housing module 1 may be of the type described in the French patent application FR 07/01275 filed in the name of the plaintiff.
  • Said central mast which carries, at its upper end, the central part of the fabric 2 fixed along its lower edge to the frame 3, is articulated to facilitate its setting in vertical and extensible position to stretch said fabric 2 by pushing the part center of the canvas 2 up.
  • the false ceiling comprises either removable slabs suspended from a grid of profiles advantageously light alloy, or a flexible sheet, generally opaque, deformed by tension so that its edges, provided with hooking means , can be fixed to hitching rails fixed on the face of the frame 3 of the light housing module 1.
  • the panels 5 are of the type self-supporting sandwich panels, prefabricated in the factory, designed to interlock with each other so as to ensure a solid and sealed connection between them.
  • These panels 5 may be for example of the type proposed by TRIMO (registered trademark).
  • the light housing module 1 according to the invention and the modular building 150 consisting of a plurality of lightweight residential modules 1 can advantageously be installed on any type of site regardless of climatic conditions and access.
  • the lightweight housing module 1 and the modular building 150 according to the invention allow a simple and fast construction, while ensuring both acoustic insulation and thermal performance and therefore a reduced operating cost .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1), das mindestens eine gespannte Leinwand (2) umfasst, die dazu bestimmt ist, das Dach des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) zu bilden, und dazu bestimmt ist, entlang ihres unteren umfänglichen Rands auf einem starren Rahmen (3) befestigt zu sein, der von einer Vielzahl von seitlichen Pfosten (4) in einer Entfernung vom Boden gehalten wird, die selbst dazu bestimmt sind, auf dem Boden befestigt zu sein, wobei das leichte Wohnmodul (1) vertikale Platten (5) umfasst, die einen Isolierwerkstoff und/oder Öffnungen (6) umfassen, um die vertikalen Fassaden, die entlang des Umfangs des Rahmens (3) liegen, im Wesentlichen dicht zu schließen, und eine Einschubdecke (7), die eingerichtet ist, um unter der Leinwand (2) im Inneren des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) angeordnet und an ihrem umfänglichen Rand an dem Rahmen (3) derart befestigt zu sein, dass eine "thermische und akustische Matratze" durch Einschließen von Luft, die zwischen der Leinwand (2) und der Einschubdecke (7) enthalten ist, geschaffen wird, wobei das leichte Wohnmodul (1) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es ein System zum Spannen der Leinwand (2) umfasst, das vollständig im Inneren des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) angeordnet und geeignet ist, um die Leinwand (2) durch eine Wirkung im Bereich ihres inneren zentralen Abschnitts nach oben derart zu bewegen, dass sie gespannt wird und ihr Gewicht trägt.
  2. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (5) Wärme isolierende Platten sind.
  3. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (5) mindestens eine Tafel (51) umfassen, die aus zwei Bahnen besteht, die mindestens eine isolierende Matratze (52) ins Sandwich nehmen, eine Ziertafel (53), die fest mit der Tafel (51) auf der äußeren Seite des leichten Wohlmoduls (1) verbunden ist, und zwei Tafeln (54), die zwischen den Bahnen der Tafel (51) entlang jedes dieser vertikalen Ränder angeordnet sind.
  4. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es erste vertikale Abdichtprofile (55) in allgemeiner U-Form umfasst, die auf jeder Seite einer Baugruppe aus mindestens einer Platte (5) angeordnet sind, und ein zweites horizontales Abdichtprofil (56) in allgemeiner U-Form, das oberhalb der Baugruppe angeordnet ist, umfasst, wobei die ersten und zweiten Profile (55, 56) die Abdichtung zwischen der Baugruppe und dem Rahmen (3) und Pfosten (4) des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) sicherstellen.
  5. Leichtes Wohnmobil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten (5) unter dem Rahmen (3) auf einer Schiene (11), die auf dem Boden befestigt ist, aufliegend angeordnet sind, wobei die Schiene (11) die Abdichtung zwischen den Platten (5) und dem Boden sicherstellt.
  6. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einschubdecke (7) eine Leinwand (71), Verbindungsmittel (73) und Zusammenfügeelemente (79) zum Halten der Leinwand (71) in hängender Position in Bezug zu dem leichten Wohnmobil (1) umfasst.
  7. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leinwand (71) eine doppelte umgekehrte Wölbung hat und auch in ihrem zentralen Teil eine Öffnung (74) umfasst, die mit mindestens einem Ring (75) versehen ist.
  8. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungsmittel (73) einen Gewölbekranz (76) umfassen, der dazu bestimmt ist, den Ring (75) aufzunehmen, und an seiner Basis mit einem Anschlag (77) versehen ist, und einen Blockierungsring (78), der dazu bestimmt ist, zwischen dem Ring (75) und dem Anschlag (77) eingefügt zu werden, wobei er das Blockieren des Rings (75) auf dem Gewölbekranz (76) sicherstellt.
  9. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammenfügeelemente (79) des Typs Scheibe-Kabel sind.
  10. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einschubdecke (7) mindestens eine isolierende Matratze, die oberhalb der Leinwand (71) angeordnet ist, umfassen kann.
  11. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leinwand (71) mit einer Schnur (72) derart versehen ist, dass die Leinwand (71) auf dem Rahmen (3) einstellbar befestigt ist.
  12. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einschubdecke (7) eine geschmeidige Schicht umfasst, die durch Spannung verformt wird, deren Ränder mit Mitteln zum Anhängen versehen sind, um an Anhängleisten, die auf dem Rahmen (3) des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) befestigt sind, befestigt zu sein.
  13. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Befestigungsvorrichtung (32) umfasst, die geeignet ist, um die feste Verbindung des unteren umfänglichen Rands der Leinwand (2) auf dem Rahmen (3) sicherzustellen.
  14. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsvorrichtung (32) derart ist, dass der Rahmen (3) eine Hohlkehle (33) aufweist, die in einem Eingangsschlitz (34) mit einer Breite, die kleiner ist als die des Hohlkehlengrunds (33), mündet, und dass ein Verriegelungsring (35) quer in die Hohlkehle (33), durch ihren Eingangsschlitz (34) eingefügt und dort stillgestellt werden kann, um den unteren umfänglichen Rand der Leinwand (2), der einen Wulst (21) aufweist, zurückzuhalten, so dass der Verriegelungsring (35) in Verriegelungsposition im Inneren der Hohlkehle (33) verklemmt ist, und dass eine Zugkraft, die nach außen auf der Leinwand (2) ausgeübt wird, es dem Wulst (21) nicht erlaubt, aus der Hohlkehle (33) auszutreten.
  15. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannsystem der Leinwand (2) ein Gerüst (8) umfasst, das aus mindestens einem Bogen, der in zwei Halbbögen (81) geteilt ist, deren untere Enden jeweils auf dem Rahmen (3) aufliegen, und deren obere Enden (82) miteinander durch eine Abspreizvorrichtung (83) verbunden sind, ausgebildet ist, wobei das Abspreizen der oberen Enden (82) eine Bewegung nach oben des mittleren Teils des Bogens und daher eine Spannung der Leinwand (2) verursacht.
  16. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannsystem der Leinwand (2) mit einer Spanndiagonale (88) assoziiert ist, die zwei entgegengesetzte Winkel des Rahmens (3) verbindet und in der vertikalen Ebene, die die zwei Halbbögen (81) enthält, angeordnet ist.
  17. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannsystem der Leinwand (2) einen zentralen Mast umfasst, der an seinem oberen Ende den zentralen Teil der Leinwand (2), die entlang ihres unteren Rands an dem Rahmen (3) befestigt ist, trägt, und gelenkig ist, um sein vertikales und dehnbares Positionieren zum Spannen der Leinwand (2) zu erleichtern, indem der zentrale Teil der Leinwand (2) nach oben gedrückt wird.
  18. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen (3) Längsträger (31) umfasst.
  19. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsträger (31) jeweils ein Vorspannmittel (38) umfassen.
  20. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vorspannmittel (38) in der Nähe der Mitte jedes Längsträgers (31) positioniert ist und ein Kabel (381) sowie ein Spannelement (382), das streckbar und geeignet ist, das Kabel (381) aufzunehmen, umfasst.
  21. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Spannelement (382) insgesamt senkrecht zu dem Längsträger (31) erstreckt und derart geneigt ist, dass es im Wesentlichen zu der Leinwand (2) des leichten Wohnmoduls (1) parallel ist.
  22. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens zum Teil entlang des Umfangs des Rahmens (3) eine Mehrzahl von Dachrinnenelementen (10) umfasst, die fester Bestandteil des Rahmens (3) sind.
  23. Leichtes Wohnmodul (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen (3) eine Längsrille (36) umfasst, die dazu bestimmt ist, durch Einrasten das Dachrinnenelement (10) aufzunehmen.
  24. Modulares Gebäude (150), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Mehrzahl leichter Wohnmodule (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23 umfasst, die eines neben dem anderen angeordnet sind, und eine Abdichtvorrichtung (151), die zwischen den Seiten in Gegenüberlage der Rahmen (3) von zwei benachbarten leichten Wohnmodulen (1) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Abdichtvorrichtung (151) die Abdichtung des gesamten modularen Gebäudes (150) sicherstellt.
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FR2957961A1 (fr) 2011-09-30
FR2957961B1 (fr) 2015-03-27
US20110258941A1 (en) 2011-10-27
US8863443B2 (en) 2014-10-21
EP2369076A1 (de) 2011-09-28
ES2614177T3 (es) 2017-05-30

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