EP2349968A2 - Catalyseur d'oxydation de méthanol en formaldéhyde - Google Patents

Catalyseur d'oxydation de méthanol en formaldéhyde

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Publication number
EP2349968A2
EP2349968A2 EP09778677A EP09778677A EP2349968A2 EP 2349968 A2 EP2349968 A2 EP 2349968A2 EP 09778677 A EP09778677 A EP 09778677A EP 09778677 A EP09778677 A EP 09778677A EP 2349968 A2 EP2349968 A2 EP 2349968A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
active component
catalyst according
iron
formaldehyde
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09778677A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Inga Walzel
Gerhard Mestl
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Clariant International Ltd
Original Assignee
Sued Chemie AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2349968A2 publication Critical patent/EP2349968A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
    • B01J23/8472—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/881—Molybdenum and iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8877—Vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/29—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
    • B01J35/50—
    • B01J35/613—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a supported catalyst, in particular for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, comprising a carrier shaped body on which a layer of an insoluble metal oxide of a main group metal, an early transition metal or a lanthanide is arranged and wherein on the layer or on the layer forming individual particles at least one of a monolayer corresponding surface density of a molybdenum and / or vanadium and iron-containing oxide composition is present.
  • Heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation reactions are of particular importance to the chemical industry as they serve to large scale, selective production of many end products from inexpensive and abundant raw materials (e.g., alcohols).
  • a representative of this class of reactions is the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.
  • partial oxidation with excess air on porous solid catalysts of iron molybdate is customary for large-scale production.
  • Side reactions include the "total oxidation" of the methanol to CO, as well as the acid-catalyzed formation of dimethyl ether.
  • Ironmolybdate full catalysts are commonly used in industry today, but these are commonly used in the industry Have relative to their active mass only a small active surface.
  • the atomic ratios between molybdenum or vanadium and iron vary considerably in the catalysts known from the prior art.
  • Some of the active components may be further partially replaced by so-called promoters such as titanium, antimony, tin, nickel, chromium, cerium, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, niobium, silver and / or manganese in metallic form or in the form of compounds.
  • supported catalysts also known as coat or coating catalysts, which are understood to mean solid catalysts prepared by coating a (typically non-porous) carrier body with a porous layer containing the actually catalytically active species.
  • the catalytically active species eg, noble metals such as Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, etc., or transition metals, such as Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, etc.
  • a porous support such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , etc.
  • the supported catalysts prepared by the impregnation process mostly chemical-physical interactions between carriers and active species, which have a decisive influence on the catalytic process.
  • the carrier body merely serves for structural support.
  • the carrier species which is typically non-porous in the supported catalyst is one of the active species wrapped layer containing.
  • No. 3,975,302 describes an Fe / Mo catalyst prepared by the impregnation process for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde (generally referred to as the Formox process).
  • iron and molybdenum are dissolved as MoO 4 2 " and Fe 3+ salts in a solvent such as water and then applied to a porous support having a BET surface area of 1 to 20 m 2 / g Catalyst for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, which is prepared by impregnation in the fluidized bed process.
  • No. 5,217,936 describes a catalyst for the preparation of aldehydes from the corresponding alcohols, in particular formaldehyde from methanol, the catalytically active composition being applied to a monolithic support.
  • the active species may also contain oxides of chromium, vanadium, aluminum, iron, tungsten, manganese and mixtures thereof.
  • the active species may contain a binder. As a suitable binder, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide are specified.
  • DE 10 2004 014 918 describes a catalyst with a silver-vanadium oxide phase and a promoter phase based on titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide, which is suitable for the preparation of aldehydes, carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides from aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbons by gas-phase oxidation.
  • the catalyst is preferably designed as a shell catalyst, wherein the two phases are arranged as concentric shells on an inert carrier.
  • a catalyst bed of a physical mixture of catalytically active and catalytically inactive moldings is described, wherein the catalytically inactive moldings have rounded edges on the outer friction surfaces. If the catalyst bed is used for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, for example Eisenmolybdate can be used as catalytically active species.
  • Formaldehyde technical catalysts for the Formox process suffer from the fact that they are rapidly deactivated. So technical lifetimes of only about a year are common and lead to significant costs by the necessary catalyst change. This deactivation, which is mainly caused by the thermal discharge of the Mo component, leads to mechanical instability of the catalyst and to a strong pressure increase in the reactor and thus ultimately to a catalyst change.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide improved catalysts, in particular for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, which have a particularly high abrasion resistance and good activity and at the same time selectivity for formaldehyde and avoid total oxidation of methanol.
  • a supported catalyst in particular for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, comprising an inert support body on which a built up of individual particles carrier layer of a particular non-or hardly reducible metal oxide of a main group metal, an early transition metal or a lanthanoid arranged Noids and wherein there is on the layer or on the individual particles forming the layer as active component a molybdenum and / or vanadium and iron-containing oxide composition whose surface density corresponds to at least one monolayer.
  • the most preferred catalysts of the invention have a surface density of the active component of at least one monolayer on the individual particles of the carrier layer or on the carrier layer itself in preferred developments of the invention of even at least 2 monolayers.
  • the term "monolayer” as used herein refers to the surface density of the active component.
  • the surface density in the context of the invention results from the experimentally determined BET surface area (DIN 66131) and the theoretical area requirement of the active components.
  • the surface density of the invention depends in particular on the nature of the selected active component.
  • the monolayer surface density is typically in the range of 4 to 5 metal atoms / nm 2 .
  • catalysts of the iron molybdate, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide type are relatively isolated oxide species, for example monomolybdate or monovanadate species which have relatively less active sites on the support surface. Therefore, these catalysts tend to retain their oxygen and therefore have relatively low reaction rates in the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.
  • the catalyst contains a monolayer of both molybdenum and vanadium oxides
  • one species may be in the form of, for example, oligomerized iron molybdate or iron vanadate on the carrier and on the particles, and possibly a second such species as a second layer on the first monolayer.
  • methanol in the context of the present invention refers both to pure methanol streams, paper mill exhaust gas streams containing methanol, other exhaust gas streams containing methanol, methylmercaptan and / or mixtures thereof.
  • selectivity is determined by dividing the number of moles of formaldehyde by the number of moles of methanol consumed (based on the feed flow in the reactor) and multiplying by 100. Thus, the selectivity is expressed as a percentage The selectivity therefore indicates the percentage of formaldehyde formed as compared to the percentage of non-formaldehyde oxidation products of methanol, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.
  • conversion or “conversion” as used herein is determined by the difference between the number of moles of methanol that are introduced into the reactor minus the number of moles of methanol leaving the reactor, by the total number of moles of in divided methanol is divided and multiplied by 100.
  • the conversion therefore gives the percentage of moles of methanol that have been oxidized to formaldehyde and all other non-formaldehyde oxidation products of methanol. That is, if two moles of methanol were introduced into the reactor and the reactor each leave one mole of formaldehyde and one mole of methanol, there is a selectivity of 100%, but a conversion of 50%.
  • the support layer of a metal oxide of a main group metal, an early transition metal or a lanthanide which is preferably difficult or impossible to reduce can be selected, for example, from SiO 2 -SoI or its precursors, Al 2 O 3 -SoI or its precursors, ZrO 2 -SoI or its precursors, TiO 2 - Sol, CeO 2 - Sol or its precursors, water glass, MgO, etc produced become.
  • the carrier layer has in particular a BET surface area of> 15 m 2 / g, very particularly preferably> 20 m 2 / g and
  • a supported catalyst according to the invention in which the coating composition of the carrier molding, as defined above, exhibits a particularly high abrasion resistance. It was unexpectedly found that even the non-tempered supported catalysts are particularly resistant to abrasion, which is even enhanced after annealing the catalysts of the invention.
  • the supported catalyst first comprises a (catalytically) inert carrier molding.
  • the carrier tablets should be substantially non-porous.
  • substantially nonporous means that the carrier moldings used in the context of the present invention have a BET surface area (determined to DIN 66131) of less than about 1 m 2 / g.
  • the pore volume of the inert, substantially non-porous carrier shaped body is preferably less than 0.1 ml / g, determined in accordance with DIN 66133.
  • the material density of the carrier molded body is preferably in the range from 2.0 to 4.5 g / cm 3 , in particular preferably in the range of 2.3 to 3.5 g / cm 3 .
  • Non-limiting examples of materials suitable for carrier moldings according to the invention are magnesium silicate (steatite), quartz (SiO 2 ), porcelain, magnesium oxide, tin dioxide,
  • Silicon carbide Silicon carbide, rutile, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium silicate, aluminum silicate, cersilicate or mixtures thereof and metals or alloys such as stainless steel.
  • Carrier bodies made of steatite are particularly preferred.
  • hollow cylinders or rings which are known per se to those skilled in the art are used as inert carrier shaped bodies which permit a flow rate adapted to the reaction in the reactor.
  • Such moldings are described, for example, in WO2007 / 059974, EP 1 127 618 A1 or WO 2005/037427 A1, to the disclosure content of which reference is made here in their entirety.
  • the inventively preferred moldings form when loading the reactor less easily locally ordered dense packs, but are rather irregularly arranged, with more turbulence in the gas flow through the catalyst bed, which a slightly onset of overheating (formation of so-called "hot-spots"), especially in the Oxidation of methanol too
  • At least one carrier layer consisting of particles of a metal oxide of a main group metal, an early transition metal or a lanthanide is applied to the inert carrier body. These can, as already mentioned above, be applied either in the form of their powders (as suspension) and / or also as sols.
  • the solids content is between 10 and 50% by weight, for example SiO 2 sols having 20 to 40% by weight, ZrO 2 sols having 10 to 20% by weight, CeO 2 sols having 15 to 20% by weight. 25 wt .-% solids content and TiO 2 -SoIe with 10 - 20 wt -.% Solids content is preferred.
  • TiO 2 - brine or TiO 2 powder are very particularly preferred in the context of the invention. Particularly preferred is a Position using a powder suspension of the carrier oxide with a solids content of 1 to 60 wt.% Plus a proportion of 0.05 wt .-% to 5 wt -.% Of a sol of the same carrier oxide.
  • the integral pore volume (determined by Hg porosimetry, DIN 66133) of the carrier layer is between about 100-800 mm 3 / g, preferably between about 200 and 700 mm 3 / g, more preferably between about 250 and 600 mm 3 / g.
  • the mean pore radius determined by this method is preferably between about 50 and 1000 nm, preferably between about 100 and 700 nm, more preferably between about 150 and 500 nm.
  • the sol has a particle size of 1 to 100 nm, preferably from 2 to 50 nm, particularly preferably ⁇ 40 nm.
  • the determination of these particle sizes was carried out according to ASTM B822-97. Alternatively, ISO 13320-1 can also be used.
  • Oxides of molybdenum and / or vanadium and iron and / or their mixed oxides such as Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3
  • compounds which can be converted into the corresponding oxides or mixed oxides, such as, for example, acetates, oxalates, acetylacetonates are preferred as the active component .
  • the active component is a non-stoichiometric iron-molybdenum mixed oxide which does not have the composition (Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3.
  • Mo / Fe ratios Preference is given to Mo / Fe ratios of from 0.5 to 20 Mo / Fe ratios of 2 to 15 are preferred.
  • Such compounds which may be present in the active component are metallic or metal oxide components or compounds which can be converted into the corresponding oxides or mixed oxides, and those skilled in the art with regard to the use of the catalyst for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde
  • Non-limiting examples are compounds of titanium, antimony, tin, nickel, cerium, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, chromium, niobium, silver and / or manganese, which can partially replace Fe, V and Mo.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a coating catalyst according to the invention, in particular for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.
  • the provided aqueous suspension of the carrier layer is applied to the inert carrier body by means of a fluidized bed process.
  • a fluidized bed coater is preferred, as described, for example, in DE-A-12 80 756, DE-A-197 09 589, DE 40 06 935 A1, DE 103 44 845 A1 or WO 2005/030388 is. It has been found that the aqueous suspension with the coating composition by means of a fluidized bed process, such as outlined above, particularly uniform and good adhesion and can be applied to the nonporous carrier molding with unexpectedly low spray losses.
  • the pH of the suspension is adjusted. It has been shown that for this purpose generally a pH of the suspension to be applied to the carrier body between about 1 and 5 is advantageous. It has been found, in particular, that a pH of about 3-5 in the case of using a ZrO 2 sol, in particular an acetate-stabilized ZrO 2 sol, a pH between 1 and 5, preferably between 1 and 3 in the case the use of a TiO 2 -SoIs, in particular a nitric acid-stabilized TiO 2 -SoIs, is advantageous. In the case of a acetic acid-stabilized CeO 2 sol, a pH of 2-4 is particularly advantageous.
  • the aqueous suspension is applied to the inert carrier body in the fluidized bed process at a temperature of less than 100 0 C, in particular less than 80 ° C.
  • the particles in the aqueous suspension have a particle size D 90 value of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 3 ⁇ m. Compliance with this particle size contributes to a particularly uniform and abrasion-resistant coating on the inert support bodies and leads to low spray losses during the coating process.
  • the above particle size can be adjusted by conventional milling before, during or after the preparation of the aqueous suspension.
  • the coated carrier body is thermally treated.
  • any temperature and time period familiar to the person skilled in the art can be used for tempering.
  • a temperature between 200 and 500 ° C is preferred.
  • "calcining" in the context of the present invention means that temperatures of more than 500 ° C. are used.
  • the duration of the annealing is preferably between 0.5 and 20 h, in particular between 1 and 15 h.
  • the coated carrier body is placed in a suitable heating cabinet, e.g. a tray furnace with sheets, which contains the coated carrier body as a particle bed with a preferred bed height of 1 to 5 cm, particularly preferably from 1 to 3 cm.
  • the oven is then preferably heated at a constant rate over a period of 1 h to 20 h, preferably 5 h to 15 h, from room temperature to a temperature Tl of preferably between 130 ° to 350 °, particularly preferably 200 to 300 °.
  • the impregnation of the particles of the carrier layer or the finished carrier layer with the active component can either by known per se methods such as the incipient wetness method or by spreading (solid wetting) etc., as described in the examples below, take place.
  • the titanium dioxide particles can be impregnated before their slurry or, in still further preferred embodiments of the present invention, the carrier layer can first be applied to the carrier body, for example starting from brines or suspensions, and then the optionally. annealed carrier layer are impregnated with the active component, so that a monolayer of active component is formed on the surface of the carrier layer.
  • the powder of the carrier layer and the powder of the active components are intimately physically mixed and the catalyst at 200 to 500 0 C in air or water or methanol vapor-containing air for 2 to 72 h tempered.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the catalyst according to the invention for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, in particular in a fixed-bed process.
  • a suitable method is known for example from DE 103 61 517, EP 0 001 570 and US 3,852,361.
  • other applications of the catalyst in particular in partial (gas-phase) oxidation of hydrocarbons are possible.
  • the gas-phase oxidation is per se carried out in the reactors known for this reaction under customary conditions. Preference is given to tubular reactors, wherein the tubes are cooled for heat removal, for example with a salt bath or a temperature-resistant oil.
  • the tubes preferably have one
  • the catalyst of the invention is introduced into the tubes. According to the invention, the following physical determination methods were used to characterize the catalyst:
  • the pore radius distribution was determined by means of mercury porosimetry according to DIN 66133; maximum pressure:
  • the particle sizes were determined by the laser diffraction method using a Fritsch Particle Sizer Analysette 22 Economy (Fritsch, DE) according to the manufacturer's instructions, also with regard to the sample pretreatment deionized water without the addition of auxiliaries homogenized and sonicated for 5 minutes.
  • the specified D values are based on the sample volume.
  • FIG. 1 shows first-order activity constants of inventive catalysts against surface coverage
  • Ammonium heptamolybdate and ferric nitrate were purchased from Merck KGAa, Darmstadt, Eisenmolybdat from Süd-Chemie Catalysts Italia. Commercially available titanium dioxides were used. The BET surface areas of the titanium dioxides ranged from 21 m 2 / g to 101 m 2 / g, and the pH values obtained when slurrying the suspensions ranged from 3.89 to 7.62.
  • the pH values of the titanium dioxide suspensions were determined with a glass electrode by slurrying 9 g of the respective oxide in 400 ml of distilled water at room temperature and stirring for 12 hours.
  • ferric nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate were used as precursor compounds.
  • the solvent used was distilled water.
  • the water was adjusted to pH with nitric acid 0 - 1 in order to keep the volume constant during each impregnation.
  • the solution volume has therefore been adjusted specifically for the respective titanium dioxides in order to comply with the conditions of the incipient wetness method.
  • the iron-impregnated titanium dioxide was dried at a heating rate of 1 0 C / min at 150 0 C for 4 hours. Subsequently, ammonium heptamolybdate was applied. The water used for the ammonium heptamolybdate solution was adjusted to pH 8 with ammonia.
  • Monolayer Iron molybdate was dissolved in 1.3 times the amount of water compared to the incipient wetness method and applied to the titanium dioxide. The drying was carried out at 50 ° C. and 42 mbar overnight in a rotary evaporator. The dried powder was again added with a 1.3-fold excess of water compared to the incipient wetness method and dried. This process was repeated twice. Before the impregnation with ammonium nitrate, the iron-impregnated titania at 120 0 C and 300 mbar for 12 hours, was treated. The thus separately impregnated titanium dioxide was dried at a heating rate of 1 0 C / min at 150 0 C for 2 hours and immediately annealed at a heating rate of 3 0 C / min at 500 0 C for 6 hours.
  • Another possibility for applying a monolayer of iron molybdate to, for example, a titanium dioxide carrier by spreading method is the heating of an iron molybdate Titanium oxide mixture at the Tammann- (1/2 melting point) or preferably at the Wegtig temperature (1/3 melting point) is.
  • Iron molybdate on the surface of titanium dioxide is greater than the enthalpy of clustering (reduction of surface free energy). The higher the temperature, the greater the risk of sintering, which can be far below the melting temperature of the active component.
  • Annealing at Tammann temperature was repeated for 14, 36, and 48 hours. Immediately after the last treatment lasting 24 hours heat treatment at 297 0 C (T H üttig) was carried out in order to resolve the remaining defects in the monolayer. Between the tempering, the mixture was mortared in a mortar to ensure a uniform distribution as possible. Before each anneal, a sample was taken for analysis to control the monolayer formation.
  • the amount of iron molybdate calculated for a monolayer was mixed with the respective titanium dioxide powder.
  • the TiO 2 used particularly preferably has a BET surface area of> 20 m 2 / g and ⁇ 50 m 2 / g. Therefore, it was necessary to impregnate 250 g of TiO 2 and 40.68 g of iron molybdate.
  • the annealing was repeated for 14, 36 and 48 h. After the last annealing immediately a 24 h lasting temper was carried out at 297 0 C (T Wilsont ig).
  • the coating composition thus obtained was applied in the form of thin layers at a temperature between 60 to 80 0 C on the steatite body in a fluidized bed.
  • the layer thickness of the catalytically active material was up to 300 microns.
  • the titanium dioxides After impregnation with ammonium heptamolybdate and calcination, the titanium dioxides had a yellow color indicative of iron molybdate Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 .
  • TiO 2 powder was impregnated with a theoretical monolayer of iron molybdate according to the "incipient wetness" method (1.4% based on the total steatite support).
  • the TiO 2 support was impregnated with iron nitrate as in Example 1, dried and then impregnated with ammonium heptamolybdate and dried again.
  • the ratio of Fe: Mo was set to 1: 1.
  • the impregnated TiO 2 powder was annealed at 500 0 C for 6 hours, then annealed at 297 0 C (Hüttig temperature) for 24 hours.
  • the coating was carried out under the following conditions:
  • 1% commercial TiO 2 -SoI (81 g) as an inorganic binder was at a pH of 2.5 and (84 g) of organic binder, for example, a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer binder, such as in tile adhesives, was added to the suspension of the FeMo / TiO 2 powder (184.2 g in 1000 ml H 2 O). Subsequently, the suspension was with stirring at 10,000 min "1 for 3 minutes at 70 0 C is homogenized and then placed 2.5 mm steatite rings of 5 x 5 x.
  • organic binder for example, a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer binder, such as in tile adhesives
  • the unsupported catalyst FAMAX ® was used as Süd-Chemie Catalysts Italia related.
  • Formaldehyde, methanol, dimethyl ether and water were determined by gas chromatography, CO and CO 2 by IR measurements.
  • the supported Fe-Mo-O catalysts according to the present invention having a Mo / Fe ratio of 0.25 to 4 and a surface loading of 0.5 to 2 monolayers were added in terms of evaluation of their activity and selectivity in the oxidation of methanol Formaldehyde tested and compared with the commercially available unsupported catalyst.
  • Table 1 summarizes the experimental results of the catalytic tests.
  • the catalyst without iron also has a low formaldehyde selectivity. However, from the slightly better activity than the catalyst with Fe excess, it follows that this low selectivity is expressed only at higher conversions than in the catalyst with Fe excess. With technically non-relevant sales below 50%, however, the selectivity of MoO 3 is at a similar level to that of a Mo / Fe ratio of 1 or 4.
  • the dimethyl ether selectivities were generally very low for the catalysts tested and higher conversions (Table. 1) . With almost quantitative sales, they mostly fell to zero. At the same Fe and Mo content, the dimethyl ether selectivity is about 80% conversion through a maximum, which is very low at about 0.3%.
  • the catalyst with a monolayer of active component is somewhat more active (Table 1) than the catalyst with 2 monolayers. This manifests itself among other things by larger sales at the same reaction temperature.
  • formaldehyde selectivities are significantly better for both catalysts (1 and 2 monolayers) with this Mo / Fe ratio than for the catalysts with a threefold iron excess. It was found that the formaldehyde selectivity of the catalyst with a monolayer active component is slightly higher under the same reaction conditions than in the case of the two-monolayer catalyst. At full conversion, however, the catalyst is with two monolayer active component slightly better than that with only one monolayer.
  • the dimethyl ether selectivities in both catalysts decrease with increasing conversion until they reach approximately zero with conversions of ⁇ 95%.
  • the catalyst with two monolayers of active component is again more active than that with only one.
  • this two monolayer catalyst is characterized by a slightly lower formaldehyde selectivity with low methanol conversions (Table 1).
  • Mo / Fe ratios between 1 and 6 thus have the greatest advantages in terms of activity and selectivity on methanol oxidation to formaldehyde.
  • Table 1 lists the first order activity constants for various catalysts.
  • the activity of the catalysts constants increase with 330 0 C salt bath temperature in the following order:

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un catalyseur supporté comprenant un corps moulé de support sur lequel se trouve une couche formée de particules individuelles en oxyde d'un métal de groupe principal, d'un métal de transition précoce ou d'un lanthanoïde, ladite couche ou lesdites particules individuelles étant recouverte(s) d'une composition oxydique contenant du molybdène et/ou du vanadium et/ou du fer, la densité surfacique de ladite composition correspondant au moins à une monocouche. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation du catalyseur lors de la conversion de méthanol en formaldéhyde.
EP09778677A 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 Catalyseur d'oxydation de méthanol en formaldéhyde Withdrawn EP2349968A2 (fr)

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PCT/EP2009/006877 WO2010034480A2 (fr) 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 Catalyseur d'oxydation de méthanol en formaldéhyde

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DE102010040923A1 (de) 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 Basf Se Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure aus Ethanol und Formaldehyd
DE102010040921A1 (de) 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 Basf Se Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure aus Methanol und Essigsäure
US20140121403A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 Celanese International Corporation Integrated Process for the Production of Acrylic Acids and Acrylates
US9120743B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2015-09-01 Celanese International Corporation Integrated process for the production of acrylic acids and acrylates
CN114618506A (zh) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-14 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种3d打印辅助的甲醇氧化制甲醛铁钼催化剂的制备方法及应用
CN112827496B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2022-04-12 上海华谊新材料有限公司 负载型复合氧化物催化剂及其制备和应用
CN115845865B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2024-04-30 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 一种甲醇氧化制甲醛的铁钼催化剂及制备方法

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