EP2331256A1 - Hochporöse schaumkeramiken als katalysatorträger zur dehydrierung von alkanen - Google Patents

Hochporöse schaumkeramiken als katalysatorträger zur dehydrierung von alkanen

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Publication number
EP2331256A1
EP2331256A1 EP09777473A EP09777473A EP2331256A1 EP 2331256 A1 EP2331256 A1 EP 2331256A1 EP 09777473 A EP09777473 A EP 09777473A EP 09777473 A EP09777473 A EP 09777473A EP 2331256 A1 EP2331256 A1 EP 2331256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide
dioxide
iii
ceramic
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09777473A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Muhammad Iqbal Mian
Max Heinritz-Adrian
Oliver Noll
Domenico Pavone
Sascha Wenzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Publication of EP2331256A1 publication Critical patent/EP2331256A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
    • B01J23/622—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead
    • B01J23/626—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead with tin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/26—Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0093—Other features
    • C04B38/0096—Pores with coated inner walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
    • C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
    • C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
    • C07C5/3335—Catalytic processes with metals
    • C07C5/3337—Catalytic processes with metals of the platinum group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
    • C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0081—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as catalysts or catalyst carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C07C2521/04—Alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C07C2521/08—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of rare earths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of germanium, tin or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • C07C2523/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C07C2523/26—Chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
    • C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • C07C2523/42—Platinum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
    • C07C2523/745—Iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/20—Carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/22—Carbides
    • C07C2527/224—Silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/24—Nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • C07C2531/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material which is suitable as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alkanes and which consists of a carrier made of ceramic foam, which is impregnated with a catalytically active material.
  • a process can be carried out, are dehydrogenated by the alkanes in admixture with steam at elevated temperature, so as to obtain hydrogen, alkenes and unreacted alkanes in a mixture with steam.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the material according to the invention.
  • the allothermic dehydrogenation is carried out in a reforming reactor suitable for this purpose.
  • the reaction gas is heated indirectly by means of a burner heated.
  • the heat requirement of the reaction is not only compensated in the rule, but the reaction gas leaves the reactor at a higher temperature.
  • the product gas which still contains unused alkane, is fed into the selective hydrogen combustion reactor. There it heats up again through the combustion reaction and is subsequently returned to the allothermal process of dehydrogenation after separation of the alkenes and by-products.
  • This reaction procedure can contain any intermediate steps.
  • WO 2004039920 A2 describes a process for the preparation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in which in a first stage a hydrocarbon, in particular alkanes containing mixture, which may have water vapor and substantially no oxygen, is passed in a continuous mode of operation through a first catalyst bed having conventional dehydrogenation conditions, and subsequently admixing both the water and steam and an oxygen-containing gas to the reaction mixture obtained from the first stage, and subsequently the resulting reaction mixture in a second stage through another catalyst bed for the oxidation of hydrogen and the further dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons is passed.
  • the alkene can be separated from the product mixture by suitable process steps.
  • a catalyst which is suitable for both the dehydrogenation and for the oxidative hydrogen combustion.
  • a suitable catalyst is described in US 5151401 A.
  • a support of a zinc aluminate compound is impregnated with a chlorine-containing platinum compound and the platinum compound is fixed on the support by a calcination step.
  • the carrier is then freed of chloride ions by a subsequent washing step, which can be released in the process and have highly corrosive properties.
  • the carrier can be mixed with the compounds zinc oxide, tin oxide, stearic acid and graphite.
  • the process of dehydration usually proceeds at a temperature of 450 to 820 0 C.
  • a temperature of 450 to 820 0 C In order to set a suitable temperature, the process before the dehydrogenation steam and before the oxidative hydrogen combustion water vapor, hydrogen or a mixture of water vapor and Hydrogen added.
  • the addition of water vapor also reduces deposition of carbon on the catalyst.
  • Suitable shaped bodies are, for example, cylindrical shaped bodies, pellets or spheres, each with an equivalent diameter of 0.1 mm to 30 mm with respect to a sphere.
  • the disadvantage of this geometry is a deteriorated accessibility of the reaction gas in the Form redesignin- nere.
  • the pressure loss, especially at very dense beds of catalyst is still significant.
  • the filling of the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor can, due to the geometry of the shaped bodies, sometimes be associated with a high outlay. Finally, the moldings may also break, thereby adversely affecting the flow characteristics of the bed.
  • the catalyst should be sufficiently mechanically stable and temperature stable even at elevated flow rate.
  • the invention solves this problem by a foam ceramic, which is composed of a specific combination of substances.
  • the foam ceramic can be based on open-cell polyurethane foams (PUR). Open-cell foam structures can be produced by subsequently destroying the cell walls (so-called reticulation).
  • the substances originate from the group of oxidic ceramics, such as aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide and zinc aluminate, or else from non-oxidic ceramics, such as, for example, silicon carbide, boron nitride and others. These substances can also be used in combination.
  • the foamed ceramic which serves as a carrier.
  • the foamed ceramic is impregnated with one or more suitable catalytically active materials.
  • This is typically metallic platinum.
  • other and additionally catalytically active materials can be used for impregnation, if they are suitable for the reaction of the desired reaction.
  • Claimed is in particular a material for the catalytic conversion of gas mixtures which may contain C2 to C6 alkanes and hydrogen, oxygen or hydrogen and oxygen in the mixture, wherein mainly alkenes and hydrogen and additionally water vapor are obtained, and
  • the material consists of ceramic foams composed of simple components or of a mixture of oxidic or non-oxidic ceramic materials or of a mixture of oxidic and non-oxidic ceramic materials, and
  • the material for obtaining the catalytic activity is impregnated with at least one catalytically active substance.
  • the oxide ceramics are, in particular, the ceramic materials aluminum (III) oxide, calcium oxide, calcium aluminate, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, tin dioxide, zinc dioxide or zinc aluminate. These substances can be used as single components or as a mixture.
  • the non-oxide ceramic materials are, in particular, the ceramic materials silicon carbide or boron nitride. These substances can also be used as single components or as a mixture. Finally, oxidic and non-oxidic materials can be used in the mixture for the preparation of the support material.
  • the carrier material may additionally comprise a substance from the group consisting of chromium (III) oxide, iron (III) oxide, hafnium dioxide, magnesium dioxide, titanium dioxide, yttrium (III) oxide, calcium aluminate, ceria, scandium oxide or zeolite.
  • chromium (III) oxide iron (III) oxide, hafnium dioxide, magnesium dioxide, titanium dioxide, yttrium (III) oxide, calcium aluminate, ceria, scandium oxide or zeolite.
  • zirconia in combination with calcium oxide, ceria, magnesia, yttrium (III) oxide, scandium oxide or ytterbium oxide may also be used as stabilizers.
  • a typical method for the production of ceramic foams teaches the EP 260826 B1.
  • ⁇ -alumina as a suitable ceramic raw material is mixed by way of example with titanium dioxide as a stabilizer and an aqueous solution of a polymer is added.
  • polyurethane foam pellets are added and the mixture is mixed. This is followed by the drying and sintering step. This takes place at a temperature up to 1600 0 C and can burn the polyurethane foam matrix.
  • the scaffolding, a sintered ceramic foam remains behind.
  • a simpler possibility is to preform the polyurethane foam in the form of a suitable structure, which typically has the geometry of the application form.
  • the geometry in question may be, for example, a block or a cell bar.
  • This form is provided with a suspension of ceramic particles and with suitable excipients for sintering. These are, for example, thickeners.
  • suitable excipients for sintering are, for example, thickeners.
  • the material is then subjected to a drying or sintering step at a temperature of up to 1600 0 C, wherein the polyurethane foam burns and leaves a framework of ceramic foam.
  • Macroporous ceramic materials as supports for catalysts in dehydrogenation reactions for alkanes are known.
  • US 6072097 A describes a macroporous ceramic material of ⁇ -alumina and other suitable oxidic materials. The ceramic foam thus produced is impregnated with platinum and tin or copper as the catalytically active material.
  • US 4088607 A describes a ceramic foam of zinc aluminate and a noble metal-containing catalytically active material which is applied to the foam. The catalyst thus prepared is useful, for example, as an exhaust gas purifying catalyst in automobiles.
  • the porosity of the ceramic foam can be adjusted precisely. As a result, it can be optimally adjusted to the various flow properties in the corresponding application methods.
  • the porosity of the foam can be characterized by the BET inner surface. Typical specific surface areas of the foams produced by the process according to the invention are up to 200 m 2 * g -1 . Typical pore densities of the foams produced by the process according to the invention are from 5 to 150 PPI (PPI: "Pores per linear inch ").
  • the catalytically active material on the support may be of any kind. It will in any case be such that it catalyses the desired reaction.
  • the catalytically active material is a platinum-containing compound. This can be applied for example by impregnation in the form of chlorine-containing compounds on the support.
  • the chloride ions can be washed out of the foam ceramic by another washing process, as described by way of example in US Pat. No. 5,151,401 A.
  • the material of the invention is particularly suitable as a catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation.
  • starting compound can be used any alkane.
  • the material according to the invention is preferably used as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of propane and r-butane, in order to prepare propene and n-butene therefrom.
  • possible starting hydrocarbons are also n-butene or ethylbenzene, whereby butadiene or styrene are obtained by dehydrogenation.
  • alkane mixtures can be used.
  • the alkanes are preferably hydrogen, water vapor, oxygen or any other
  • the material according to the invention can be used as a catalyst for dehydrogenation in the conditions usually used for dehydrogenation.
  • Typical conditions for dehydrogenation are temperatures of 450 ° C. to 820 ° C. Particular preference is given to temperatures of 500 to 650 ° C.
  • the material according to the invention is suitable in the form of a ceramic foam as a carrier for catalytically active materials which are dehydrogenated or ozone-depleted. allow xidative dehydrogenation of alkanes.
  • the flow resistance in reactors for alkane dehydrogenation can be substantially improved.
  • the active use of the catalyst mass and the pore utilization rate can be significantly improved.
  • the pore size and the distribution of the pores can be adjusted better.
  • the thermal and mechanical stability of the catalyst in Alkandehydr michen can also be significantly improved. Due to the improved heat transfer in the radial direction and the resulting lower radial temperature gradient within the tubular reactor, an optimized use of the catalyst is achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
EP09777473A 2008-08-07 2009-07-28 Hochporöse schaumkeramiken als katalysatorträger zur dehydrierung von alkanen Withdrawn EP2331256A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008036724A DE102008036724A1 (de) 2008-08-07 2008-08-07 Hochporöse Schaumkeramiken als Katalysatorträger zur Dehydrierung von Alkanen
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US20110144400A1 (en) 2011-06-16
BRPI0911935A2 (pt) 2015-10-06
DE102008036724A1 (de) 2010-02-11
CA2733278A1 (en) 2010-02-11
CN102112224A (zh) 2011-06-29
JP2011529781A (ja) 2011-12-15
RU2011105458A (ru) 2012-09-20
KR20110038178A (ko) 2011-04-13
ZA201101039B (en) 2011-11-30
AR073188A1 (es) 2010-10-20
WO2010015341A1 (de) 2010-02-11
MX2011001403A (es) 2011-05-30
RU2486007C2 (ru) 2013-06-27

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