EP2298944B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une alliage mère au magnésium-scandium, et procédé de fabrication d'une alliage d'aluminium contenant scandium - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une alliage mère au magnésium-scandium, et procédé de fabrication d'une alliage d'aluminium contenant scandium Download PDF

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EP2298944B1
EP2298944B1 EP09171798.3A EP09171798A EP2298944B1 EP 2298944 B1 EP2298944 B1 EP 2298944B1 EP 09171798 A EP09171798 A EP 09171798A EP 2298944 B1 EP2298944 B1 EP 2298944B1
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Prior art keywords
magnesium
aluminum
alloy
series
scandium
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EP2298944A1 (fr
EP2298944B8 (fr
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Shea Kwang Kim
Jung Ho Seo
In Kyum Kim
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Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
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Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • Example embodiments relate to a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminium alloy.
  • Sc scandium
  • Aluminum alloys with Sc added may be used for military purposes (for example, reinforcement for combat vehicles, rifle bodies, etc.) requiring good weldability and fatigue resistance, or may be used for private purposes (for example, a high-speed train, parts for an electric train, etc.).
  • Sc is a rare earth material, and the amount of Sc existing on the earth is too small. Furthermore, there is a difficulty in separating Sc from a mineral, and thus Sc is very expensive.
  • US 5 037 608 A discloses the addition of pellets of aluminum and Sc 2 O 3 into aluminum melts.
  • Embodiments are directed to a a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy, which substantially overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
  • a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium grains; and scandium (Sc) dissolved in the magnesium grains.
  • the scandium may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium.
  • a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains having grain boundaries; and a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains.
  • the scandium compound may include Al 2 Sc, AlSc and Al 3 Sc.
  • the scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium-aluminum
  • the magnesium may be pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  • An added amount of the scandium oxide may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum
  • a metal alloy including: a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries; and scandium dissolved in the metal grains, or a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • the metal may include one selected from consisting of AZ91 D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-AI-Re, Mg-AI-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y.
  • the metal may include one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • the scandium compound may include Al 2 Sc, AlSc and Al 3 Sc.
  • the scandium dissolved in the metal grains or the scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal.
  • An added amount of the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of metal.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may include an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium, and an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of AZ91D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21 X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-Al-Re, Mg-Al-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y
  • the metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state;
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a metal alloy according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment.
  • the method of manufacturing the magnesium mother alloy includes forming a magnesium melt (S1), adding an additive (S2), stirring (S3), casting (S4), and cooling (S5).
  • magnesium is put into a crucible and heated at a temperature ranging from about 600 °C to about 800 °C. Then, the magnesium in the crucible is molten to form a magnesium melt.
  • the temperature is less than 600 °C, whereas there is a danger that the magnesium melt is ignited when the temperature exceeds 800 °C.
  • a small amount of a shield gas may be additionally provided to prevent the ignition of the magnesium melt.
  • the shield gas may inhibit the ignition of the magnesium using SF 6 , SO 2 , CO 2 , HFC-134a, Novec TM 612, inert gas or an equivalent thereof, or a mixture gas thereof.
  • the shield gas may not necessarily used, and thus it may not be provided.
  • the magnesium used in operation S1 of forming the magnesium melt may be one selected from consisting of pure magnesium, magnesium-aluminum, and equivalents thereof.
  • the additive used in operation S2 of adding the additive may not be pure Sc of high price, but scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) which is relatively cheap.
  • the additive reduces the oxidation of a magnesium mother alloy, raises the ignition temperature, and remarkably reduces the required amount of the shield gas.
  • the additive used in operation S2 may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium mother alloy.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (increase in hardness, decrease in oxidation, increase in ignition temperature and decrease in shield gas) resulting from the addition of the additive may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original magnesium properties or magnesium alloy properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S2 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, which requires high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds about 500 ⁇ m, the additive may not react with the magnesium melt.
  • stirring operation S3 the magnesium melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the magnesium melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the magnesium melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • the additive added into the magnesium melt does not exist in an oxide form.
  • Sc 2 O 3 scandium oxide
  • the magnesium melt it does not exist in the form of Sc 2 O 3 . That is, Sc 2 O 3 , after being reduced, reacts with elements in the magnesium melt so that Sc is dissolved in grains to exist in an alloy form, or crystallized to exist in a compound form.
  • Sc 2 O 3 is not reduced in the magnesium melt because Sc 2 O 3 is thermodynamically more stable than magnesium.
  • Sc 2 O 3 is reduced in the magnesium melt. This reduction mechanism is not revealed yet, and therefore the present inventors continue to study in order to diagnose the reduction mechanism.
  • Sc when Sc 2 O 3 is added into pure magnesium, Sc is dissolved in the pure magnesium. That is, Sc forms an alloy element with magnesium.
  • Sc when Sc 2 O 3 is added into magnesium-aluminum, a Sc compound is crystallized at a grain boundary of the magnesium-aluminum. That is, Sc does not form an alloy element with magnesium but forms the Sc compound.
  • the Sc compound is in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc typically.
  • the other elements (O 2 ) of the additives all float on the surface of the magnesium melt, and may be removed by manual or automatic equipment.
  • the magnesium melt is poured into a mold having a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • a room temperature e.g., about 25 °C
  • the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof.
  • a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof.
  • the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • cooling operation S5 the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and magnesium or magnesium-aluminum (e.g., ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum e.g., ingot
  • the magnesium mother alloy prepared through the above-described method may include a plurality of magnesium grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and Sc dissolved in the magnesium grains, or may include a scandium compound existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium grains.
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state.
  • the microstructure shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by, for example, adding 0.5% scandium oxide into pure magnesium.
  • a magnesium mother alloy 100 prepared according to an embodiment includes a plurality of magnesium grains 110, and scandium dissolved in the magnesium grains 110.
  • the scandium is not discriminated from the magnesium grains 110 substantially because scandium forms an alloy with magnesium.
  • the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy manufactured by adding scandium oxide is improved compared to that of pure magnesium.
  • the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. That is, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • scandium oxide may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium.
  • the scandium oxide may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. The meaning of such a numerical range has already been described above.
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized.
  • the microstructure in FIG. 3 is obtained by adding 0.5% scandium oxide into magnesium-aluminum (Mg-3Al).
  • a magnesium mother alloy 200 includes a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210, and a scandium compound 211.
  • the plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210 have grain boundaries therebetween, and the scandium compound 211 exist at the grain boundaries which are not inside the grains 210 but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains 210.
  • the scandium compound 211 exists in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc. That is, the scandium does not form an alloy with magnesium.
  • the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy 200 is enhanced, which will be described below. Since the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. For example, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • the scandium compound 211 may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the scandium compound 211 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. The meaning of such a numerical range has been already described above.
  • the magnesium mother alloy may be used as one selected from consisting of an incombustible alloy, a wrought alloy, a creep alloy, a damping alloy, a degradable bio ally, and a powder metallurgy.
  • the casting alloy may be formed by mixing AZ91 D, AM20, AM50, or AM60 with scandium oxide.
  • the wrought alloy may be formed by mixing AZ31, AM30, AZ61, or AZ80 with scandium oxide.
  • the creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al, or Mg-Al-Re with scandium oxide. Furthermore, the creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al-Sn or Mg-Zn-Sn with scandium oxide.
  • the damping alloy may be formed by mixing Mg, Mg-Si, or SiCp/Mg with scandium oxide.
  • the degradable bio alloy may be formed by mixing pure Mg with scandium oxide.
  • the powder metallurgy may be formed by mixing Mg-Zn-(Y) with scandium oxide.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium mother alloy. That is, the hardness of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about HRF41, whereas the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about HRF53.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents an elapse time (min.)
  • the Y-axis represents oxidation amount (%).
  • a reference value of the Y-axis is set to 100.
  • the magnesium mother alloy into which scandium oxide is added during manufacturing process it can be observed that the oxidation does not increase even after the lapse of time. That is, the magnesium mother alloy is stable for various applications because it is not oxidized even after the lapse of time.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents an ignition temperature (°C).
  • the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added is increased. That is, the ignition temperature of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about 600 °C, whereas the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about 700 °C.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an example embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium-aluminum alloy. That is, the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy without scandium oxide is about HRF50, whereas the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to HRF68.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a aluminum alloy according to an embodiment.
  • the method of manufacturing the metal alloy includes forming a aluminum melt (S11), adding a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium (S12), stirring (S13), casting (S14), and cooling (S15), as described in the appended claims.
  • the aluminum may be a metal alloy selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • the first number denotes an alloy series representing main alloy elements
  • the second number denotes whether a basic alloy is improved or not. That is, the second number of 0 represents a basic alloy, and the second number of 1 to 9 represents alloys improved from the basic alloy. Further, when a new alloy is developed, the second number is indicated by a capital letter N.
  • 2xxx represents a basic alloy of Al-Cu series aluminum
  • 21xx ⁇ 29xx represents alloys obtained by improving an Al-Cu basic alloy
  • 2Nxx represents a newly developed alloy which is not stipulated in the standard of the Aluminum Association of America.
  • the third and fourth numbers represent the purity of a pure aluminum or an alloy name of an aluminum alloy that Alcoa Inc. has used in the past. For example, in case of pure aluminum, 1080 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.80% or higher, and 1100 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.00% or higher.
  • the main composition of the aluminum alloy is listed in Table 2 below.
  • Table 2 Main composition of aluminum alloy Grade Added metal(element symbol), Unit: % Use Si Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn others 1100 0.12 Si 1%, Abundant Metal foils, cooking utensils 1350 About others 0.5% Conductive material 2008 0.7 0.9 0.4 Metal plates for vehicles 2014 0.8 4.4 0.8 0.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck frame 2024 4.4 0.6 1.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck wheel 2036 2.6 0.25 0.45 Metal plates for vehicles 2090 2.7 Li 2.2, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft 2091 2.2 1.5 Li 2.0, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft 2219 6.3 0.3 V 0.1, Zr 0.18, Ti 0.06 Metal for spacecraft, weldable 2519 5.9 0.3 0.2 V 0.1, Zr 0.18 Military equipment, metal for spacecraft, weldable 3003 0.12 1.1 General use, cooking utensils 3004 1.1 1.0 General use, metal can 3105 0.6 0.5 Building materials 5052 2.5 0.25 General use
  • the magnesium mother alloy used in operation S12 is manufactured in accordance with claims 1-3.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium that is prepared at low cost is added into a metal melt, thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt.
  • scandium oxide Sc 2 O 3
  • the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides, however, the quality of an alloy is not deteriorated by adding magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium according to the embodiment.
  • alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability are deteriorated when scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) is directly added into aluminum, however, alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability in the metal alloy according to the embodiment are maintained without a change when magnesium or magnesium-aluminum already containing scandium is added into aluminum.
  • 5000-series metal alloys are strong, easy to be molded, and highly resistant to corrosion, in comparison with 3000-series metal alloys. Furthermore, 5000-series metal alloys are weldable.
  • the 5182 alloy may be used for a cover of an aluminum can.
  • 5005 and 5083 alloys, and 5052, 5056, 5086 and varieties thereof may widely be used for electric facilities, various cooking utensils, metal plate, pressure-resistant vessels, transmission towers of radio wave, welding structures, boats, reservoirs for chemicals, etc. Insect nets, nails, and fasteners may be made of 5000-series alloys.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy already containing scandium is added into such 5000-series metal alloys having the above properties, it is possible to obtain an aluminum alloy with good hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability at low cost.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the magnesium may not react with the metal melt.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal alloy.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the of adding the magnesium-aluminum may not react with the metal melt.
  • the metal melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the metal melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the metal melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • metal melt is an aluminum melt
  • scandium contained in the magnesium added into the aluminum melt exists in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc due to the high affinity between Sc and Al.
  • Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc does not exist in metal grains, but exists outside the metal grains, i.e., at grain boundaries, in the form of an intermetallic compound. That is, the metallic compound of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc is formed in stirring operation S13.
  • the metal melt is poured into a mold at a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • a room temperature e.g., about 25 °C
  • the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof.
  • a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof.
  • the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • the mold In cooling operation S15, the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and a metal alloy (e.g., metal alloy ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • a metal alloy e.g., metal alloy ingot
  • the metal alloy manufactured through the above-described method includes a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and an intermetallic compound (i.e., Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc) existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • an intermetallic compound i.e., Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc
  • a magnesium mother alloy (Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum) is added into a metal melt aluminum alloy), thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt.
  • the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides
  • the addition of Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum into aluminum enables the aluminum alloy to be manufactured at low cost while not deteriorating the quality (hardness, corrosion resistance, weldability, etc.) of an alloy.
  • Table 3 shows experimental data for strength of an aluminum alloy manufactured through the above-described method.
  • a magnesium mother alloy containing Sc is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy, and thus the metal alloy is manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, alloy properties of the metal alloy, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability, are not deteriorated.
  • the magnesium mother alloy is manufactured in such a form that Sc is dissolved in metal grains, or Sc is crystallized at grain boundaries, which makes it possible to easily manufacture a metal alloy suitable for use or purpose.
  • a metal alloy where Sc is dissolved a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used.
  • a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries.
  • oxidation and ignition properties of a magnesium mother alloy are enhanced by adding scandium oxide into the magnesium mother alloy.
  • a metal alloy can be manufactured at low cost because the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy. In this case, alloy properties, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability, of the metal alloy are not deteriorated.
  • a metal alloy suitable for use and purpose by preparing two types of mother alloys of which one is a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium dissolved in grains, and the other is a magnesium mother alloy where scandium is crystallized.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used.
  • a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries. Accordingly, according to the embodiments, it is possible to manufacture metal alloys suitable for use and purpose through various methods.

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Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un alliage mère au magnésium comprenant un scandium (Sc) pour fabriquer d'aluminium, le procédé comprenant les étapes de :
    préparer une fonte de magnésium en versant le magnésium dans un creuset et fondant le magnésium à une température dans une plage d'environ 600 à l'environ 800°C;
    ajouter à la fonte de magnésium d'oxyde de scandium (Sc2O3) pulvérisé;
    agiter la fonte de magnésium pendant d'environ 1 à d'environ 400 minutes ;
    verser dans une moule ayant une température dans une plage d'une température ambiante à d'environ 400°C la fonte de magnésium et mouler ladite fonte de magnésium ; et
    refroidir le magnésium moulé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel procédé, à la préparation de la fonte de magnésium, le magnésium est le magnésium pur ou le magnésium-aluminium.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel procédé une quantité ajoutée de l'oxyde de scandium est d'environ 0,0001 à d'environ 30 parties en poids de magnésium pur ou de magnésium-aluminium.
  4. Procédé de fabrication d'un alliage d'aluminium, le procédé comprenant les étapes de :
    préparer une fonte d'aluminium ;
    ajouter à la fonte d'aluminium un alliage mère au magnésium contenant de scandium ou un composé de scandium solutés et produit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 ;
    agiter la fonte d'aluminium pendant d'environ 1 à d'environ 400 minutes ;
    verser la fonte d'aluminium dans une moule ayant une température dans une plage d'une température ambiante à d'environ 400°C, et mouler la fonte d'aluminium ; et
    refroidir l'aluminium moulé.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel une quantité ajoutée de l'alliage mère au magnésium contenant de scandium est d'environ 0,0001 à d'environ 30 parties en poids, par rapport aux 100 parties en poids de métal.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 4 ou 5, dans lequel procédé l'alliage mère au magnésium contenant de scandium est fabriqué en ajoutant d'environ 0,0001 à d'environ 30 parties en poids de l'oxyde de scandium (Sc2O3), par rapport aux 100 parties en poids de magnésium pur ou de magnésium-aluminium.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel procédé l'alliage mère au magnésium contenant le scandium comprend un alliage préparé en ajoutant d'environ 0,0001 à d'environ 30 parties en poids de l'oxyde de scandium (Sc2O3), par rapport aux 100 parties en poids de magnésium pur, et un alliage préparé en ajoutant d'environ 0,0001 à d'environ 30 parties en poids de l'oxyde de scandium (Sc2O3), par rapport aux 100 parties en poids de magnésium-aluminium.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel procédé la fonte d'aluminium est préparée de l'aluminium battu choisi parmi la série 1000, la série 2000, la série 3000, la série 4000, la série 5000, la série 6000, la série 7000, la série 8000, et de l'aluminium moulé choisi parmi la série 100, la série 200, la série 300, la série 400, la série 500 et la série 700.
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US9023301B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-05 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9150428B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2015-10-06 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Methods for separating iron ions from aluminum ions
US9181603B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-11-10 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating fly ashes
US9260767B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-02-16 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials
US9290828B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2016-03-22 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products
US9353425B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2016-05-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials
US9382600B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-07-05 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and various other products
US9410227B2 (en) 2011-05-04 2016-08-09 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores
CN106191547A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 一种铝锰合金及其粉末冶金成型方法
US9534274B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2017-01-03 Orbite Technologies Inc. Methods for purifying aluminium ions
US10988830B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2021-04-27 Scandium International Mining Corporation Scandium master alloy production
US11384412B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-07-12 Scandium International Mining Corporation Direct scandium alloying

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US9260767B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-02-16 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials
US9410227B2 (en) 2011-05-04 2016-08-09 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores
US9150428B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2015-10-06 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Methods for separating iron ions from aluminum ions
US9382600B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-07-05 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and various other products
US9556500B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2017-01-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9023301B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-05 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9181603B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-11-10 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating fly ashes
US9290828B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2016-03-22 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products
US9353425B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2016-05-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials
US9534274B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2017-01-03 Orbite Technologies Inc. Methods for purifying aluminium ions
CN106191547A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 一种铝锰合金及其粉末冶金成型方法
CN106191547B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-08-25 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 一种铝锰合金及其粉末冶金成型方法
US10988830B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2021-04-27 Scandium International Mining Corporation Scandium master alloy production
US11384412B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-07-12 Scandium International Mining Corporation Direct scandium alloying

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KR101133775B1 (ko) 2012-08-24
JP5596110B2 (ja) 2014-09-24
JP5227931B2 (ja) 2013-07-03
US20140271333A1 (en) 2014-09-18
JP2013083004A (ja) 2013-05-09
EP2298944B8 (fr) 2013-09-25
KR20110031629A (ko) 2011-03-29
JP2011063874A (ja) 2011-03-31
US20110070120A1 (en) 2011-03-24

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