EP2298944B1 - Method of manufacturing a magnesium-scandium master alloy and method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy containing scandium - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a magnesium-scandium master alloy and method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy containing scandium Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2298944B1
EP2298944B1 EP09171798.3A EP09171798A EP2298944B1 EP 2298944 B1 EP2298944 B1 EP 2298944B1 EP 09171798 A EP09171798 A EP 09171798A EP 2298944 B1 EP2298944 B1 EP 2298944B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnesium
aluminum
alloy
series
scandium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09171798.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2298944A1 (en
EP2298944B8 (en
Inventor
Shea Kwang Kim
Jung Ho Seo
In Kyum Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
Original Assignee
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH filed Critical Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
Publication of EP2298944A1 publication Critical patent/EP2298944A1/en
Publication of EP2298944B1 publication Critical patent/EP2298944B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2298944B8 publication Critical patent/EP2298944B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • Example embodiments relate to a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminium alloy.
  • Sc scandium
  • Aluminum alloys with Sc added may be used for military purposes (for example, reinforcement for combat vehicles, rifle bodies, etc.) requiring good weldability and fatigue resistance, or may be used for private purposes (for example, a high-speed train, parts for an electric train, etc.).
  • Sc is a rare earth material, and the amount of Sc existing on the earth is too small. Furthermore, there is a difficulty in separating Sc from a mineral, and thus Sc is very expensive.
  • US 5 037 608 A discloses the addition of pellets of aluminum and Sc 2 O 3 into aluminum melts.
  • Embodiments are directed to a a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy, which substantially overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
  • a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium grains; and scandium (Sc) dissolved in the magnesium grains.
  • the scandium may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium.
  • a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains having grain boundaries; and a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains.
  • the scandium compound may include Al 2 Sc, AlSc and Al 3 Sc.
  • the scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium-aluminum
  • the magnesium may be pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  • An added amount of the scandium oxide may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum
  • a metal alloy including: a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries; and scandium dissolved in the metal grains, or a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • the metal may include one selected from consisting of AZ91 D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-AI-Re, Mg-AI-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y.
  • the metal may include one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • the scandium compound may include Al 2 Sc, AlSc and Al 3 Sc.
  • the scandium dissolved in the metal grains or the scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal.
  • An added amount of the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of metal.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may include an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium, and an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of AZ91D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21 X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-Al-Re, Mg-Al-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y
  • the metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state;
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a metal alloy according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment.
  • the method of manufacturing the magnesium mother alloy includes forming a magnesium melt (S1), adding an additive (S2), stirring (S3), casting (S4), and cooling (S5).
  • magnesium is put into a crucible and heated at a temperature ranging from about 600 °C to about 800 °C. Then, the magnesium in the crucible is molten to form a magnesium melt.
  • the temperature is less than 600 °C, whereas there is a danger that the magnesium melt is ignited when the temperature exceeds 800 °C.
  • a small amount of a shield gas may be additionally provided to prevent the ignition of the magnesium melt.
  • the shield gas may inhibit the ignition of the magnesium using SF 6 , SO 2 , CO 2 , HFC-134a, Novec TM 612, inert gas or an equivalent thereof, or a mixture gas thereof.
  • the shield gas may not necessarily used, and thus it may not be provided.
  • the magnesium used in operation S1 of forming the magnesium melt may be one selected from consisting of pure magnesium, magnesium-aluminum, and equivalents thereof.
  • the additive used in operation S2 of adding the additive may not be pure Sc of high price, but scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) which is relatively cheap.
  • the additive reduces the oxidation of a magnesium mother alloy, raises the ignition temperature, and remarkably reduces the required amount of the shield gas.
  • the additive used in operation S2 may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium mother alloy.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (increase in hardness, decrease in oxidation, increase in ignition temperature and decrease in shield gas) resulting from the addition of the additive may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original magnesium properties or magnesium alloy properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S2 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, which requires high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds about 500 ⁇ m, the additive may not react with the magnesium melt.
  • stirring operation S3 the magnesium melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the magnesium melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the magnesium melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • the additive added into the magnesium melt does not exist in an oxide form.
  • Sc 2 O 3 scandium oxide
  • the magnesium melt it does not exist in the form of Sc 2 O 3 . That is, Sc 2 O 3 , after being reduced, reacts with elements in the magnesium melt so that Sc is dissolved in grains to exist in an alloy form, or crystallized to exist in a compound form.
  • Sc 2 O 3 is not reduced in the magnesium melt because Sc 2 O 3 is thermodynamically more stable than magnesium.
  • Sc 2 O 3 is reduced in the magnesium melt. This reduction mechanism is not revealed yet, and therefore the present inventors continue to study in order to diagnose the reduction mechanism.
  • Sc when Sc 2 O 3 is added into pure magnesium, Sc is dissolved in the pure magnesium. That is, Sc forms an alloy element with magnesium.
  • Sc when Sc 2 O 3 is added into magnesium-aluminum, a Sc compound is crystallized at a grain boundary of the magnesium-aluminum. That is, Sc does not form an alloy element with magnesium but forms the Sc compound.
  • the Sc compound is in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc typically.
  • the other elements (O 2 ) of the additives all float on the surface of the magnesium melt, and may be removed by manual or automatic equipment.
  • the magnesium melt is poured into a mold having a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • a room temperature e.g., about 25 °C
  • the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof.
  • a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof.
  • the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • cooling operation S5 the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and magnesium or magnesium-aluminum (e.g., ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum e.g., ingot
  • the magnesium mother alloy prepared through the above-described method may include a plurality of magnesium grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and Sc dissolved in the magnesium grains, or may include a scandium compound existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium grains.
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state.
  • the microstructure shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by, for example, adding 0.5% scandium oxide into pure magnesium.
  • a magnesium mother alloy 100 prepared according to an embodiment includes a plurality of magnesium grains 110, and scandium dissolved in the magnesium grains 110.
  • the scandium is not discriminated from the magnesium grains 110 substantially because scandium forms an alloy with magnesium.
  • the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy manufactured by adding scandium oxide is improved compared to that of pure magnesium.
  • the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. That is, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • scandium oxide may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium.
  • the scandium oxide may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. The meaning of such a numerical range has already been described above.
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized.
  • the microstructure in FIG. 3 is obtained by adding 0.5% scandium oxide into magnesium-aluminum (Mg-3Al).
  • a magnesium mother alloy 200 includes a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210, and a scandium compound 211.
  • the plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210 have grain boundaries therebetween, and the scandium compound 211 exist at the grain boundaries which are not inside the grains 210 but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains 210.
  • the scandium compound 211 exists in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc. That is, the scandium does not form an alloy with magnesium.
  • the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy 200 is enhanced, which will be described below. Since the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. For example, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • the scandium compound 211 may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • the scandium compound 211 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. The meaning of such a numerical range has been already described above.
  • the magnesium mother alloy may be used as one selected from consisting of an incombustible alloy, a wrought alloy, a creep alloy, a damping alloy, a degradable bio ally, and a powder metallurgy.
  • the casting alloy may be formed by mixing AZ91 D, AM20, AM50, or AM60 with scandium oxide.
  • the wrought alloy may be formed by mixing AZ31, AM30, AZ61, or AZ80 with scandium oxide.
  • the creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al, or Mg-Al-Re with scandium oxide. Furthermore, the creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al-Sn or Mg-Zn-Sn with scandium oxide.
  • the damping alloy may be formed by mixing Mg, Mg-Si, or SiCp/Mg with scandium oxide.
  • the degradable bio alloy may be formed by mixing pure Mg with scandium oxide.
  • the powder metallurgy may be formed by mixing Mg-Zn-(Y) with scandium oxide.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium mother alloy. That is, the hardness of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about HRF41, whereas the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about HRF53.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents an elapse time (min.)
  • the Y-axis represents oxidation amount (%).
  • a reference value of the Y-axis is set to 100.
  • the magnesium mother alloy into which scandium oxide is added during manufacturing process it can be observed that the oxidation does not increase even after the lapse of time. That is, the magnesium mother alloy is stable for various applications because it is not oxidized even after the lapse of time.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents an ignition temperature (°C).
  • the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added is increased. That is, the ignition temperature of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about 600 °C, whereas the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about 700 °C.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an example embodiment.
  • the X-axis represents a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added
  • the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium-aluminum alloy. That is, the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy without scandium oxide is about HRF50, whereas the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to HRF68.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a aluminum alloy according to an embodiment.
  • the method of manufacturing the metal alloy includes forming a aluminum melt (S11), adding a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium (S12), stirring (S13), casting (S14), and cooling (S15), as described in the appended claims.
  • the aluminum may be a metal alloy selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • the first number denotes an alloy series representing main alloy elements
  • the second number denotes whether a basic alloy is improved or not. That is, the second number of 0 represents a basic alloy, and the second number of 1 to 9 represents alloys improved from the basic alloy. Further, when a new alloy is developed, the second number is indicated by a capital letter N.
  • 2xxx represents a basic alloy of Al-Cu series aluminum
  • 21xx ⁇ 29xx represents alloys obtained by improving an Al-Cu basic alloy
  • 2Nxx represents a newly developed alloy which is not stipulated in the standard of the Aluminum Association of America.
  • the third and fourth numbers represent the purity of a pure aluminum or an alloy name of an aluminum alloy that Alcoa Inc. has used in the past. For example, in case of pure aluminum, 1080 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.80% or higher, and 1100 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.00% or higher.
  • the main composition of the aluminum alloy is listed in Table 2 below.
  • Table 2 Main composition of aluminum alloy Grade Added metal(element symbol), Unit: % Use Si Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn others 1100 0.12 Si 1%, Abundant Metal foils, cooking utensils 1350 About others 0.5% Conductive material 2008 0.7 0.9 0.4 Metal plates for vehicles 2014 0.8 4.4 0.8 0.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck frame 2024 4.4 0.6 1.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck wheel 2036 2.6 0.25 0.45 Metal plates for vehicles 2090 2.7 Li 2.2, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft 2091 2.2 1.5 Li 2.0, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft 2219 6.3 0.3 V 0.1, Zr 0.18, Ti 0.06 Metal for spacecraft, weldable 2519 5.9 0.3 0.2 V 0.1, Zr 0.18 Military equipment, metal for spacecraft, weldable 3003 0.12 1.1 General use, cooking utensils 3004 1.1 1.0 General use, metal can 3105 0.6 0.5 Building materials 5052 2.5 0.25 General use
  • the magnesium mother alloy used in operation S12 is manufactured in accordance with claims 1-3.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium that is prepared at low cost is added into a metal melt, thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt.
  • scandium oxide Sc 2 O 3
  • the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides, however, the quality of an alloy is not deteriorated by adding magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium according to the embodiment.
  • alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability are deteriorated when scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) is directly added into aluminum, however, alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability in the metal alloy according to the embodiment are maintained without a change when magnesium or magnesium-aluminum already containing scandium is added into aluminum.
  • 5000-series metal alloys are strong, easy to be molded, and highly resistant to corrosion, in comparison with 3000-series metal alloys. Furthermore, 5000-series metal alloys are weldable.
  • the 5182 alloy may be used for a cover of an aluminum can.
  • 5005 and 5083 alloys, and 5052, 5056, 5086 and varieties thereof may widely be used for electric facilities, various cooking utensils, metal plate, pressure-resistant vessels, transmission towers of radio wave, welding structures, boats, reservoirs for chemicals, etc. Insect nets, nails, and fasteners may be made of 5000-series alloys.
  • magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy already containing scandium is added into such 5000-series metal alloys having the above properties, it is possible to obtain an aluminum alloy with good hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability at low cost.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the magnesium may not react with the metal melt.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal alloy.
  • the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may have a size ranging from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 ⁇ m or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the of adding the magnesium-aluminum may not react with the metal melt.
  • the metal melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the metal melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the metal melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • metal melt is an aluminum melt
  • scandium contained in the magnesium added into the aluminum melt exists in the form of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc due to the high affinity between Sc and Al.
  • Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc does not exist in metal grains, but exists outside the metal grains, i.e., at grain boundaries, in the form of an intermetallic compound. That is, the metallic compound of Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc is formed in stirring operation S13.
  • the metal melt is poured into a mold at a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • a room temperature e.g., about 25 °C
  • the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof.
  • a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof.
  • the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • the mold In cooling operation S15, the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and a metal alloy (e.g., metal alloy ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • a metal alloy e.g., metal alloy ingot
  • the metal alloy manufactured through the above-described method includes a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and an intermetallic compound (i.e., Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc) existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • an intermetallic compound i.e., Al 2 Sc, AlSc or Al 3 Sc
  • a magnesium mother alloy (Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum) is added into a metal melt aluminum alloy), thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt.
  • the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides
  • the addition of Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum into aluminum enables the aluminum alloy to be manufactured at low cost while not deteriorating the quality (hardness, corrosion resistance, weldability, etc.) of an alloy.
  • Table 3 shows experimental data for strength of an aluminum alloy manufactured through the above-described method.
  • a magnesium mother alloy containing Sc is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy, and thus the metal alloy is manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, alloy properties of the metal alloy, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability, are not deteriorated.
  • the magnesium mother alloy is manufactured in such a form that Sc is dissolved in metal grains, or Sc is crystallized at grain boundaries, which makes it possible to easily manufacture a metal alloy suitable for use or purpose.
  • a metal alloy where Sc is dissolved a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used.
  • a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries.
  • oxidation and ignition properties of a magnesium mother alloy are enhanced by adding scandium oxide into the magnesium mother alloy.
  • a metal alloy can be manufactured at low cost because the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy. In this case, alloy properties, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability, of the metal alloy are not deteriorated.
  • a metal alloy suitable for use and purpose by preparing two types of mother alloys of which one is a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium dissolved in grains, and the other is a magnesium mother alloy where scandium is crystallized.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used.
  • a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used.
  • a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries. Accordingly, according to the embodiments, it is possible to manufacture metal alloys suitable for use and purpose through various methods.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

    BACKGROUND 1. Field
  • Example embodiments relate to a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminium alloy.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • Technologies of using scandium (Sc) as an additive in super-hard aluminum alloys (for example, 2000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series aluminum alloys, etc.) have recently been studied so as to improve alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability. Aluminum alloys with Sc added may be used for military purposes (for example, reinforcement for combat vehicles, rifle bodies, etc.) requiring good weldability and fatigue resistance, or may be used for private purposes (for example, a high-speed train, parts for an electric train, etc.).
  • However, Sc is a rare earth material, and the amount of Sc existing on the earth is too small. Furthermore, there is a difficulty in separating Sc from a mineral, and thus Sc is very expensive.
  • Therefore, a method of adding scandium oxide (Sc2O3) into aluminum alloys is now being considered because Sc2O3 is relatively cheaper than Sc itself.
  • When, however, Sc2O3 is directly added into aluminum alloys, various alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability are deteriorated due to oxides of Sc.
  • US 5 037 608 A discloses the addition of pellets of aluminum and Sc2 O3 into aluminum melts.
  • SUMMARY
  • Embodiments are directed to a a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy and a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy, which substantially overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
  • It is therefore a feature of an embodiment to provide a manufacturing method of a magnesium mother alloy with improved oxidation and ignition properties.
  • It is therefore a feature of another embodiment to provide a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy with low cost, which is adapted for design purposes and does not deteriorate alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability.
  • At least one of the above and other features and advantages may be realized by providing a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium grains; and scandium (Sc) dissolved in the magnesium grains.
  • The scandium may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium.
  • At least one of the above and other features and advantages may be realized by providing a magnesium mother alloy including: a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains having grain boundaries; and a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains.
  • The scandium compound may include Al2Sc, AlSc and Al3Sc.
  • The scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium-aluminum
  • At least one of the above and other features and advantages may be realized by providing a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to the appended claims.
  • In the forming of the magnesium melt, the magnesium may be pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  • An added amount of the scandium oxide may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum
  • At least one of the above and other features and advantages may be realized by providing a metal alloy including: a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries; and scandium dissolved in the metal grains, or a scandium compound crystallized at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • The metal may include one selected from consisting of AZ91 D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-AI-Re, Mg-AI-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y.
  • The metal may include one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • The scandium compound may include Al2Sc, AlSc and Al3Sc.
  • The scandium dissolved in the metal grains or the scandium of the scandium compound may exist in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal.
  • At least one of the above and other features and advantages may be realized by providing a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy according to the appended claims.
  • An added amount of the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of metal.
  • The magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium.
  • The magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may be manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • The magnesium mother alloy containing scandium may include an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium, and an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  • The metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of AZ91D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AS41, AS31, AS21 X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MR1153, MR1230, AM-HP2, Mg-Al, Mg-Al-Re, Mg-Al-Sn, Mg-Zn-Sn, Mg-Si, and Mg-Zn-Y
  • The metal melt may be formed of one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state;
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment; and
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a metal alloy according to an embodiment.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the invention is defined by the appended claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy according to an embodiment.
  • The method of manufacturing the magnesium mother alloy includes forming a magnesium melt (S1), adding an additive (S2), stirring (S3), casting (S4), and cooling (S5).
  • In operation S1 of forming a magnesium melt, magnesium is put into a crucible and heated at a temperature ranging from about 600 °C to about 800 °C. Then, the magnesium in the crucible is molten to form a magnesium melt. Here, there is a difficulty in forming the magnesium melt when the temperature is less than 600 °C, whereas there is a danger that the magnesium melt is ignited when the temperature exceeds 800 °C.
  • Also, a small amount of a shield gas may be additionally provided to prevent the ignition of the magnesium melt. The shield gas may inhibit the ignition of the magnesium using SF6, SO2, CO2, HFC-134a, Novec612, inert gas or an equivalent thereof, or a mixture gas thereof. However, in the embodiment, the shield gas may not necessarily used, and thus it may not be provided.
  • The magnesium used in operation S1 of forming the magnesium melt may be one selected from consisting of pure magnesium, magnesium-aluminum, and equivalents thereof.
  • In operation S2 of adding the additive, a powdered additive is added to the magnesium melt.
  • Here, the additive used in operation S2 of adding the additive may not be pure Sc of high price, but scandium oxide (Sc2O3) which is relatively cheap. The additive reduces the oxidation of a magnesium mother alloy, raises the ignition temperature, and remarkably reduces the required amount of the shield gas.
  • The additive used in operation S2 may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnesium mother alloy. When the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (increase in hardness, decrease in oxidation, increase in ignition temperature and decrease in shield gas) resulting from the addition of the additive may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original magnesium properties or magnesium alloy properties may not appear.
  • The additive used in operation S2 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 µm to about 500 µm. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 µm or smaller actually, which requires high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds about 500 µm, the additive may not react with the magnesium melt.
  • In stirring operation S3, the magnesium melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • When the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the magnesium melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the magnesium melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • Here, the additive added into the magnesium melt does not exist in an oxide form. For example, when scandium oxide (Sc2O3) is added into the magnesium melt, it does not exist in the form of Sc2O3. That is, Sc2O3, after being reduced, reacts with elements in the magnesium melt so that Sc is dissolved in grains to exist in an alloy form, or crystallized to exist in a compound form.
  • Typically, it is expected that Sc2O3 is not reduced in the magnesium melt because Sc2O3 is thermodynamically more stable than magnesium. However, according to experiments conducted by the present inventors, it was found out that Sc2O3 is reduced in the magnesium melt. This reduction mechanism is not revealed yet, and therefore the present inventors continue to study in order to diagnose the reduction mechanism.
  • Substantially, when Sc2O3 is added into pure magnesium, Sc is dissolved in the pure magnesium. That is, Sc forms an alloy element with magnesium. In addition, when Sc2O3 is added into magnesium-aluminum, a Sc compound is crystallized at a grain boundary of the magnesium-aluminum. That is, Sc does not form an alloy element with magnesium but forms the Sc compound. Here, the Sc compound is in the form of Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc typically.
  • Of course, the other elements (O2) of the additives all float on the surface of the magnesium melt, and may be removed by manual or automatic equipment.
  • In casting operation S4, the magnesium melt is poured into a mold having a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • Here, the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof. Also, a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof. However, the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • In cooling operation S5, the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and magnesium or magnesium-aluminum (e.g., ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • Here, the magnesium mother alloy prepared through the above-described method, although will be explained below, may include a plurality of magnesium grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and Sc dissolved in the magnesium grains, or may include a scandium compound existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the magnesium grains.
  • FIG. 2 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added into pure magnesium and Sc exists in a solid-solution state. The microstructure shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by, for example, adding 0.5% scandium oxide into pure magnesium.
  • As shown in FIG. 2, a magnesium mother alloy 100 prepared according to an embodiment includes a plurality of magnesium grains 110, and scandium dissolved in the magnesium grains 110. Here, the scandium is not discriminated from the magnesium grains 110 substantially because scandium forms an alloy with magnesium.
  • Consequently, the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy manufactured by adding scandium oxide is improved compared to that of pure magnesium. In addition, since the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. That is, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • Also, about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of scandium oxide may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium. The scandium oxide may have a size ranging from about 0.1 µm to about 500 µm. The meaning of such a numerical range has already been described above.
  • FIG. 3 is a micrograph illustrating a microstructure of a magnesium mother alloy in which scandium oxide is added to magnesium-aluminum and a scandium compound is crystallized. For example, the microstructure in FIG. 3 is obtained by adding 0.5% scandium oxide into magnesium-aluminum (Mg-3Al).
  • As shown in FIG. 3, a magnesium mother alloy 200 includes a plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210, and a scandium compound 211.
  • The plurality of magnesium-aluminum grains 210 have grain boundaries therebetween, and the scandium compound 211 exist at the grain boundaries which are not inside the grains 210 but outside the magnesium-aluminum grains 210. Here, the scandium compound 211 exists in the form of Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc. That is, the scandium does not form an alloy with magnesium.
  • As such, the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy 200 is enhanced, which will be described below. Since the scandium does not change the original composition of the magnesium mother alloy and does not disappear during a process of recycling the magnesium mother alloy, the reusability of magnesium mother alloy is considerably enhanced. For example, it is unnecessary to add scandium or scandium oxide again during the recycle of magnesium mother alloy.
  • Also, about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of the scandium compound 211 may be added based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum. The scandium compound 211 may have a size ranging from about 0.1 µm to about 500 µm. The meaning of such a numerical range has been already described above.
  • The magnesium mother alloy may be used as one selected from consisting of an incombustible alloy, a wrought alloy, a creep alloy, a damping alloy, a degradable bio ally, and a powder metallurgy.
  • For example, the casting alloy may be formed by mixing AZ91 D, AM20, AM50, or AM60 with scandium oxide.
  • The wrought alloy may be formed by mixing AZ31, AM30, AZ61, or AZ80 with scandium oxide.
  • The creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al, or Mg-Al-Re with scandium oxide. Furthermore, the creep alloy may be formed by mixing Mg-Al-Sn or Mg-Zn-Sn with scandium oxide.
  • The damping alloy may be formed by mixing Mg, Mg-Si, or SiCp/Mg with scandium oxide.
  • The degradable bio alloy may be formed by mixing pure Mg with scandium oxide.
  • The powder metallurgy may be formed by mixing Mg-Zn-(Y) with scandium oxide.
  • Of course, in all the alloys, only scandium, which is obtained by removing O2 from scandium oxide, is crystallized and present at grain boundaries, or the scandium exists in the grains in a solid-solution state finally.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment. In FIG. 4, the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added, and the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • As shown in FIG. 4, it can be observed that the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium mother alloy. That is, the hardness of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about HRF41, whereas the hardness of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about HRF53.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating oxidation experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment. In FIG. 5, the X-axis represents an elapse time (min.), and the Y-axis represents oxidation amount (%). A reference value of the Y-axis is set to 100.
  • As shown in FIG. 5, in the pure magnesium, it can be observed that the oxidation of the pure magnesium is accelerated with the lapse of time, and thus the value of the Y-axis increases gradually. However, in the magnesium mother alloy into which scandium oxide is added during manufacturing process, it can be observed that the oxidation does not increase even after the lapse of time. That is, the magnesium mother alloy is stable for various applications because it is not oxidized even after the lapse of time.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating ignition experimental results between a pure magnesium and a magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added according to an embodiment. In FIG. 6, the X-axis represents a pure magnesium and a magnesium into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added, and the Y-axis represents an ignition temperature (°C).
  • As illustrated in FIG. 6, it can be observed that the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added is increased. That is, the ignition temperature of the pure magnesium without scandium oxide is about 600 °C, whereas the ignition temperature of the magnesium mother alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to about 700 °C.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating hardness comparison results between a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added according to an example embodiment. In FIG. 7, the X-axis represents a magnesium-aluminum alloy and a magnesium-aluminum alloy into which 0.5% scandium oxide is added, and the Y-axis represents hardness (HR).
  • As shown in FIG. 7, it can be observed that the hardness increases when scandium oxide is added during the manufacture of a magnesium-aluminum alloy. That is, the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy without scandium oxide is about HRF50, whereas the hardness of the magnesium-aluminum alloy with scandium oxide added increases up to HRF68.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a aluminum alloy according to an embodiment.
  • The method of manufacturing the metal alloy includes forming a aluminum melt (S11), adding a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium (S12), stirring (S13), casting (S14), and cooling (S15), as described in the appended claims.
  • Also, the aluminum may be a metal alloy selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
  • Herebelow, the aluminum alloys will be more specifically described. Various kinds of aluminum alloys have been developed for their use, and most of countries currently classify the kinds of aluminum alloys according to the standard stipulated by the Aluminum Association of America. Main alloy elements for each of alloy series are listed in Table 1 below in which a serial number is only shown in units of thousand. In case of improving each of the alloy series by adding other elements, an alloy name is designated by subdividing four digits number more specifically. [Table 1] Classification of aluminum according to alloy series
    Alloy Series Main alloy elements
    1000-series Al Pure Al
    2000-series Al Al-Cu-(Mg)-based Al alloy
    3000-series Al Al-Mn-based Al alloy
    4000-series Al Al-Si-based Al alloy
    5000-series Al Al-Mg-based Al alloy
    6000-series Al Al-Mg-Si-based Al alloy
    7000-series Al Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu)-based Al alloy
    8000-series Al Others
  • The first number denotes an alloy series representing main alloy elements, and the second number denotes whether a basic alloy is improved or not. That is, the second number of 0 represents a basic alloy, and the second number of 1 to 9 represents alloys improved from the basic alloy. Further, when a new alloy is developed, the second number is indicated by a capital letter N. For example, 2xxx represents a basic alloy of Al-Cu series aluminum, 21xx∼29xx represents alloys obtained by improving an Al-Cu basic alloy, and 2Nxx represents a newly developed alloy which is not stipulated in the standard of the Aluminum Association of America. The third and fourth numbers represent the purity of a pure aluminum or an alloy name of an aluminum alloy that Alcoa Inc. has used in the past. For example, in case of pure aluminum, 1080 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.80% or higher, and 1100 indicates that the content of aluminum is 99.00% or higher.
  • Main compositions of wrought alloys are listed in Table 2 below. Properties of each alloy may significantly differ according to composition metals and their amounts, and working process.
  • The main composition of the aluminum alloy is listed in Table 2 below. [Table 2] Main composition of aluminum alloy
    Grade Added metal(element symbol), Unit: % Use
    Si Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn others
    1100 0.12 Si 1%, Abundant Metal foils, cooking utensils
    1350 About others 0.5% Conductive material
    2008 0.7 0.9 0.4 Metal plates for vehicles
    2014 0.8 4.4 0.8 0.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck frame
    2024 4.4 0.6 1.5 Exterior of aircraft, truck wheel
    2036 2.6 0.25 0.45 Metal plates for vehicles
    2090 2.7 Li 2.2, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft
    2091 2.2 1.5 Li 2.0, Zr 0.12 Metal for aircraft
    2219 6.3 0.3 V 0.1, Zr 0.18, Ti 0.06 Metal for spacecraft, weldable
    2519 5.9 0.3 0.2 V 0.1, Zr 0.18 Military equipment, metal for spacecraft, weldable
    3003 0.12 1.1 General use, cooking utensils
    3004 1.1 1.0 General use, metal can
    3105 0.6 0.5 Building materials
    5052 2.5 0.25 General use
    5083 0.7 4.4 0.15 Heat-/Pressure-resistant vessels
    5182 0.35 4.5 Metal can, metal for vehicles
    5252 2.5 For vehicle bodies
    6009 0.8 0.33 0.33 0.5 Metal plates for vehicles
    6010 1.0 0.33 0.33 0.8 Metal plates for vehicles
    6013 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.0 Metal for spacecraft
    6061 0.6 0.25 1.0 0.20 General use
    6063 0.4 0.7 General use, injection molding
    6201 0.7 0.8 Conductive material
    7005 0.45 1.4 0.13 4.5 Zr 0.14 Truck body, train
    7075 1.6 2.5 0.25 5.6 Metal for aircraft
    7150 2.2 2.3 6.4 Zr 0.12 Metal for spacecraft
    8090 1.3 0.9 Li 2.4, Zr 0.12 Metal for spacecraft
  • In operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy, a magnesium mother alloy containing Sc is added to the aluminum melt.
  • The magnesium mother alloy used in operation S12 is manufactured in accordance with claims 1-3.
  • In this way, according to an exemplary embodiment, magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium that is prepared at low cost is added into a metal melt, thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt. For example, the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides, however, the quality of an alloy is not deteriorated by adding magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy containing scandium according to the embodiment. More specifically, alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability are deteriorated when scandium oxide (Sc2O3) is directly added into aluminum, however, alloy properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability in the metal alloy according to the embodiment are maintained without a change when magnesium or magnesium-aluminum already containing scandium is added into aluminum.
  • For instance, 5000-series metal alloys are strong, easy to be molded, and highly resistant to corrosion, in comparison with 3000-series metal alloys. Furthermore, 5000-series metal alloys are weldable. In particular, the 5182 alloy may be used for a cover of an aluminum can. In addition, 5005 and 5083 alloys, and 5052, 5056, 5086 and varieties thereof may widely be used for electric facilities, various cooking utensils, metal plate, pressure-resistant vessels, transmission towers of radio wave, welding structures, boats, reservoirs for chemicals, etc. Insect nets, nails, and fasteners may be made of 5000-series alloys. When magnesium or magnesium-aluminum alloy already containing scandium is added into such 5000-series metal alloys having the above properties, it is possible to obtain an aluminum alloy with good hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability at low cost.
  • The additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal. When the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • Furthermore, the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium mother alloy may have a size ranging from about 0.1 µm to about 500 µm. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 µm or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 µm, the magnesium may not react with the metal melt.
  • Likewise, the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may be added in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the metal alloy. When the amount of the additive is less than 0.0001 parts by weight, the effect (hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability) resulting from the addition of magnesium may be little. Also, when the amount of the additive exceeds 30 parts by weight, original metal properties may not appear.
  • Furthermore, the additive used in operation S12 of adding the magnesium-aluminum may have a size ranging from about 0.1 µm to about 500 µm. It is difficult to manufacture an additive having a size of 0.1 µm or smaller actually, leading to high manufacturing cost. When the size of the additive exceeds 500 µm, the of adding the magnesium-aluminum may not react with the metal melt.
  • In stirring operation S13, the metal melt is stirred for about 1 to about 400 minutes.
  • When the stirring time is less than 1 minute, the additive is not sufficiently mixed with the metal melt. In contrast, when the stirring time is greater than 400 minutes, the stirring time of the metal melt is unnecessarily lengthened.
  • As the metal melt is an aluminum melt, scandium contained in the magnesium added into the aluminum melt exists in the form of Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc due to the high affinity between Sc and Al.
  • In stirring operation S13, Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc does not exist in metal grains, but exists outside the metal grains, i.e., at grain boundaries, in the form of an intermetallic compound. That is, the metallic compound of Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc is formed in stirring operation S13.
  • In casting operation S14, the metal melt is poured into a mold at a room temperature (e.g., about 25 °C) to about 400 °C, and then cast.
  • Here, the mold may be one selected from consisting of a metal type, a ceramic type, a graphite type and equivalents thereof. Also, a casting may be performed using gravity casting method, continuous casting method and equivalents thereof. However, the mold type and the casting method are not limited to the above.
  • In cooling operation S15, the mold is cooled down to a room temperature, and a metal alloy (e.g., metal alloy ingot) is picked out of the mold.
  • Here, the metal alloy manufactured through the above-described method includes a plurality of metal grains having grain boundaries therebetween, and an intermetallic compound (i.e., Al2Sc, AlSc or Al3Sc) existing at the grain boundaries which are not inside but outside the metal grains.
  • As such, according to an exemplary embodiment, a magnesium mother alloy (Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum) is added into a metal melt aluminum alloy), thus making it possible to solve several problems occurring when scandium oxide is directly put into the metal melt. For example, the direct addition of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) into aluminum causes the quality of an alloy to be deteriorated due to oxides, however, the addition of Sc-containing magnesium or Sc-containing magnesium-aluminum into aluminum according to an embodiment enables the aluminum alloy to be manufactured at low cost while not deteriorating the quality (hardness, corrosion resistance, weldability, etc.) of an alloy.
  • Table 3 below shows experimental data for strength of an aluminum alloy manufactured through the above-described method. [Table 3]
    Strength of 7000-series Al alloy Including Sc 650-700MPa
    Not including Sc 550-600MPa
    Strength of 5000-series Al alloy Including Sc 450-500MPa
    Not including Sc 350-400MPa
  • As shown in Table 3, it can be understood that the strength increases up to about 650-700 MPa from about 550-600 MPa when magnesium or magnesium-aluminum, into which Sc has been already added, is added into 7000-series Al alloy through the above-described method.
  • It can be also understood from Table 3 that the strength increases up to about 450-500 MPa from about 350-400 MPa when magnesium or magnesium-aluminum, into which Sc has been already added, is added into 5000-series Al alloy through the above-described method.
  • As such, in a metal alloy and a method thereof according to the embodiments, a magnesium mother alloy containing Sc is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy, and thus the metal alloy is manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, alloy properties of the metal alloy, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance and weldability, are not deteriorated.
  • In addition, according to the embodiments, the magnesium mother alloy is manufactured in such a form that Sc is dissolved in metal grains, or Sc is crystallized at grain boundaries, which makes it possible to easily manufacture a metal alloy suitable for use or purpose. For example, when a metal alloy where Sc is dissolved is required, a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used. Also, when a metal alloy where Sc is crystallized is required, a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used. Of course, a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries.
  • As described above, according to foregoing embodiments, oxidation and ignition properties of a magnesium mother alloy are enhanced by adding scandium oxide into the magnesium mother alloy. Also, a metal alloy can be manufactured at low cost because the magnesium mother alloy containing scandium is added into a metal alloy such as a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy. In this case, alloy properties, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance, and weldability, of the metal alloy are not deteriorated.
  • Moreover, it is possible to manufacture a metal alloy suitable for use and purpose by preparing two types of mother alloys of which one is a magnesium mother alloy containing scandium dissolved in grains, and the other is a magnesium mother alloy where scandium is crystallized. For example, when a metal alloy where Sc is dissolved is required, a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in the metal grains may be used. Also, when a metal alloy where Sc is crystallized is required, a magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries may be used. Of course, a metal alloy may be manufactured by adding both of the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is dissolved in metal grains and the magnesium mother alloy where Sc is crystallized at the grain boundaries. Accordingly, according to the embodiments, it is possible to manufacture metal alloys suitable for use and purpose through various methods.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of manufacturing a magnesium mother alloy having a scandium (Sc) for fabricating aluminum, the method comprising:
    forming a magnesium melt by putting magnesium into a crucible and melting the magnesium at a temperature ranging from about 600 to about 800 °C;
    adding powdered scandium oxide (Sc2O3) into the magnesium melt;
    stirring the magnesium melt for about 1 to about 400 minutes;
    pouring the magnesium melt into a mold having a temperature ranging from a room temperature to about 400 °C and casting the magnesium melt; and
    cooling the cast magnesium.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the forming of the magnesium melt, the magnesium is pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an added amount of the scandium oxide is about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  4. A method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy, the method comprising:
    forming an aluminum melt;
    adding a magnesium mother alloy containing dissolved scandium or scandium compound and produced in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3 into the aluminum melt;
    stirring the aluminum melt for about 1 to about 400 minutes;
    pouring the aluminum melt into a mold having a temperature ranging from a room temperature to about 400°C and casting the aluminum melt; and
    cooling the cast aluminum.
  5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein an added amount of the magnesium mother alloy containing the scandium is about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of metal.
  6. The method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the magnesium mother alloy containing the scandium is manufactured by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of the scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium or magnesium-aluminum.
  7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the magnesium mother alloy containing the scandium includes an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of the scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of pure magnesium, and an alloy prepared by adding about 0.0001 to about 30 parts by weight of the scandium oxide (Sc2O3) based on 100 parts by weight of magnesium-aluminum.
  8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aluminum melt is formed of one selected from consisting of 1000-series, 2000-series, 3000-series, 4000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series and 8000-series wrought aluminum, and 100-series, 200-series, 300-series, 400-series, 500-series, and 700-series casting aluminum.
EP09171798.3A 2009-09-21 2009-09-30 Method of manufacturing a magnesium-scandium master alloy and method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy containing scandium Active EP2298944B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020090088959A KR101133775B1 (en) 2009-09-21 2009-09-21 Magnesium mother alloy, manufacturing method thereof, Metal alloy using the same, and Metal alloy manufacturing method thereof

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2298944A1 EP2298944A1 (en) 2011-03-23
EP2298944B1 true EP2298944B1 (en) 2013-08-07
EP2298944B8 EP2298944B8 (en) 2013-09-25

Family

ID=43383404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09171798.3A Active EP2298944B8 (en) 2009-09-21 2009-09-30 Method of manufacturing a magnesium-scandium master alloy and method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy containing scandium

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US20110070120A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2298944B8 (en)
JP (2) JP5227931B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101133775B1 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8597600B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2013-12-03 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for extracting aluminum from aluminous ores
US9023301B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-05 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9150428B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2015-10-06 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Methods for separating iron ions from aluminum ions
US9181603B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-11-10 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating fly ashes
US9260767B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-02-16 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials
US9290828B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2016-03-22 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products
US9353425B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2016-05-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials
US9382600B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-07-05 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and various other products
US9410227B2 (en) 2011-05-04 2016-08-09 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores
CN106191547A (en) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 A kind of alumal and powder metallurgy forming method thereof
US9534274B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2017-01-03 Orbite Technologies Inc. Methods for purifying aluminium ions
US10988830B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2021-04-27 Scandium International Mining Corporation Scandium master alloy production
US11384412B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-07-12 Scandium International Mining Corporation Direct scandium alloying

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11491257B2 (en) 2010-07-02 2022-11-08 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Bioresorbable metal alloy and implants
KR101340292B1 (en) 2011-05-20 2013-12-11 한국생산기술연구원 Aluminium alloy and manufacturing method thereof
KR101402897B1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2014-06-02 한국생산기술연구원 Manufacturing method of alloys and alloys fabricated by the same
EP2744307A4 (en) 2011-08-11 2015-01-14 Korea Mach & Materials Inst Apparatus for plasma generation, method for manufacturing rotating electrodes for plasma generation apparatus, method for plasma treatment of substrate, and method for forming thin film of mixed structure using plasma
DE102013006169A1 (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-16 Ulrich Bruhnke Aluminum-free magnesium alloy
US20170268088A1 (en) 2014-02-21 2017-09-21 Terves Inc. High Conductivity Magnesium Alloy
US10865465B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2020-12-15 Terves, Llc Degradable metal matrix composite
WO2015127174A1 (en) 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Terves, Inc. Fluid activated disintegrating metal system
US10689740B2 (en) 2014-04-18 2020-06-23 Terves, LLCq Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools
CN106029255B (en) 2014-02-21 2018-10-26 特维斯股份有限公司 The preparation of rate of dissolution controlled material
US11167343B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2021-11-09 Terves, Llc Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools
CN104120319B (en) * 2014-03-03 2016-08-17 北京鼎盛泰来科贸有限公司 Magnesium alloy, Manufacturing approach and use for Food Contact processing
CN104120316B (en) * 2014-03-03 2016-08-17 北京鼎盛泰来科贸有限公司 Alkali metal rod and the method manufacturing alkali metal rod
CN110004339B (en) 2014-04-18 2021-11-26 特维斯股份有限公司 Electrochemically active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolution tool
KR101627329B1 (en) * 2014-12-24 2016-06-08 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 Manufacturing method for aluminium-scandium compound powder
WO2016118444A1 (en) * 2015-01-23 2016-07-28 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Radiation shielding and mitigating alloys, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
AU2016218269B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2019-10-03 Scandium International Mining Corporation Scandium-containing master alloys and methods for making the same
CN108431261A (en) * 2015-12-28 2018-08-21 韩国机械研究院 Magnesium alloy and its manufacturing method with excellent mechanical performance and corrosion resistance
WO2017116020A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-07-06 한국기계연구원 Magnesium alloy having excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and method for manufacturing same
KR20210022528A (en) 2018-03-15 2021-03-03 에프이에이 머티리얼스 엘엘씨 Manufacturing method of aluminum-scandium alloy
CN113355551B (en) * 2021-06-08 2023-05-09 上海航天精密机械研究所 Method for refining magnesium or magnesium alloy grains by composite action
CN114214549A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-22 重庆大学 Rare earth-free low-cost high-plasticity magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN114807704B (en) * 2022-03-24 2023-07-25 承德石油高等专科学校 Mg-containing 2 Sn and Al 3 Mg-Al-Sn-Sc series alloy with Sc double heat-resistant phases and preparation method thereof

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5037608A (en) * 1988-12-29 1991-08-06 Aluminum Company Of America Method for making a light metal-rare earth metal alloy
US5238646A (en) * 1988-12-29 1993-08-24 Aluminum Company Of America Method for making a light metal-rare earth metal alloy
JP2582027B2 (en) * 1993-03-26 1997-02-19 三井金属鉱業株式会社 Manufacturing method of magnesium alloy casting
JP3705320B2 (en) * 1997-04-18 2005-10-12 株式会社神戸製鋼所 High strength heat treatment type 7000 series aluminum alloy with excellent corrosion resistance
JPH1161299A (en) * 1997-08-13 1999-03-05 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd Heat resistant zinc alloy and formed part
RU2162112C1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-20 Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им. Г.В. Плеханова (Технический университет) Method for producing scandium containing master alloy
RU2211872C1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2003-09-10 Махов Сергей Владимирович Aluminum-scandium master alloy for production of aluminum and magnesium alloys
RU2261924C1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2005-10-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им. Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет) Method of production of scandium-containing addition alloys
JP4840751B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2011-12-21 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 High strength magnesium alloy and method for producing the same
CN100392125C (en) * 2006-02-27 2008-06-04 汪友华 Method for producing aluminium-magnesium-scandium intemediate alloy
KR100860091B1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-09-25 주식회사 지알로이테크놀로지 Mg alloy having low c/a ratio and method of manufacturing the mg alloy sheets

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8597600B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2013-12-03 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for extracting aluminum from aluminous ores
US9260767B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-02-16 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials
US9410227B2 (en) 2011-05-04 2016-08-09 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores
US9150428B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2015-10-06 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Methods for separating iron ions from aluminum ions
US9382600B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-07-05 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and various other products
US9556500B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2017-01-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9023301B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-05 Orbite Aluminae Inc. Processes for treating red mud
US9181603B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-11-10 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for treating fly ashes
US9290828B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2016-03-22 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products
US9353425B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2016-05-31 Orbite Technologies Inc. Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials
US9534274B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2017-01-03 Orbite Technologies Inc. Methods for purifying aluminium ions
CN106191547A (en) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 A kind of alumal and powder metallurgy forming method thereof
CN106191547B (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-08-25 江苏华企铝业科技股份有限公司 A kind of alumal and its powder metallurgy forming method
US10988830B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2021-04-27 Scandium International Mining Corporation Scandium master alloy production
US11384412B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-07-12 Scandium International Mining Corporation Direct scandium alloying

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110070120A1 (en) 2011-03-24
JP2011063874A (en) 2011-03-31
KR101133775B1 (en) 2012-08-24
US20140271333A1 (en) 2014-09-18
JP5596110B2 (en) 2014-09-24
KR20110031629A (en) 2011-03-29
EP2298944A1 (en) 2011-03-23
JP2013083004A (en) 2013-05-09
EP2298944B8 (en) 2013-09-25
JP5227931B2 (en) 2013-07-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2298944B1 (en) Method of manufacturing a magnesium-scandium master alloy and method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy containing scandium
EP2677049B1 (en) Aluminium alloy comprising magnesium and calcium
EP2333122B1 (en) Aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof
KR101367892B1 (en) Magnesium alloy for high temperature and manufacturing method thereof
AU2010322541B2 (en) Aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof
KR101258470B1 (en) High-Strength High-Ductility Ignition-Proof Magnesium Alloy
CA2337630C (en) Die casting magnesium alloy
EP2369025B1 (en) Magnesium alloy and magnesium alloy casting
WO2006075814A1 (en) Wrought magnesium alloy having excellent formability and method of producing same
JP2001220639A (en) Aluminum alloy for casting
JP6229130B2 (en) Cast aluminum alloy and casting using the same
CN115961186A (en) Die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof
EP2631311A2 (en) Aluminum alloy having improved oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, or fatigue resistance, and die-cast material and extruded material produced from the aluminum alloy
US20080187454A1 (en) Heat-resistant magnesium alloy for casting heat-resistant magnesium alloy cast product, and process for producing heat-resistant magnesium alloy cast product
KR100448127B1 (en) Preparation method of Mg alloy for improvement of high temperature strength
EP2374905A2 (en) Magnesium-based alloy for high temperature and a manufacturing method thereof
Czerwinski et al. Magnesium and its alloys
EP2374906B1 (en) Manufacturing method of a magnesium alloy for room temperature applications
KR20110108768A (en) Magnesium alloy for high temperature and manufacturing method thereof
CN118186258A (en) High pressure die cast aluminum alloy for oversized body structures
CA3215898A1 (en) Oxidation resistant al-mg high strength die casting foundry alloys
CN115838886A (en) Die-casting magnesium alloy and preparation method and application thereof
CN118241091A (en) Die-casting magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, vehicle part and vehicle
CN116926393A (en) Integrally formed non-heat-treated high-strength and high-toughness magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN117568682A (en) Magnesium-based alloy and preparation method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090930

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20120713

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 625805

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20130815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: PATENTANWAELTE LIPPERT, STACHOW & PARTNER, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20131002

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: PATENTANWAELTE LIPPERT, STACHOW & PARTNER, DE

Effective date: 20130926

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: LIPPERT STACHOW PATENTANWAELTE RECHTSANWAELTE , DE

Effective date: 20130926

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, KR

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KOREAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, CHEONAN-SI, KR

Effective date: 20130926

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, CHEO, KR

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KOREAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, CHEONAN-SI, CHUNGCHEONGNAM-DO, KR

Effective date: 20130926

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 625805

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20130807

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20130807

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130710

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20131107

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20131207

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20131209

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20131108

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20140530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20140508

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602009017779

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20140508

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20131007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20090930

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130807

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230705

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230705

Year of fee payment: 15