EP2253398B1 - Matière première résistant à l'usure - Google Patents

Matière première résistant à l'usure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2253398B1
EP2253398B1 EP09450242.4A EP09450242A EP2253398B1 EP 2253398 B1 EP2253398 B1 EP 2253398B1 EP 09450242 A EP09450242 A EP 09450242A EP 2253398 B1 EP2253398 B1 EP 2253398B1
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Prior art keywords
carbon
nitrides
nitrogen
niobium
wear
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2253398A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Theisen
Stephan Huth
Herbert Schweiger
Jochen Perko
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Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
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Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0292—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with more than 5% preformed carbides, nitrides or borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production and to a wear-resistant material containing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), niobium and / or tantalum (Nb / Ta) and metallic elements and impurities as the remainder with a Microstructure consisting of a metal matrix and embedded in these hard phases.
  • metallic materials consist of a tough or tough matrix and distributed in this hard phases, which are usually formed as interstitial compounds.
  • a wear-reducing effect of hard phase deposits is well known, with a higher hard phase content in the matrix as much as possible reducing abrasive removal from the workpiece surface when the support force for the hard particles and the matrix hardness are high.
  • wear-resistant iron base materials e.g. Cold work steels, from a hard, preferably thermally tempered metal matrix with distributed in this, precipitated from the residual melt of the alloy during solidification, carbides.
  • Carbide formation in a ledeburitic solidification of an alloyed melt in a cast billet may also be inhomogeneous due to a low solidification rate in the center thereof and segregation to coarse hard phases
  • it is known, for example from EP 1721 999 A1 apply powder metallurgical manufacturing process.
  • an alloyed liquid melt after flowing out of a nozzle is separated by high-pressure gas jets into small droplets which naturally cool at high speed and thereby precipitate fine hard phase particles upon solidification.
  • hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or by deformation of the powder in a container a production of a largely dense material with a high proportion of uniformly distributed hard phases with a small particle size takes place.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • alloys which have a high content of carbide formers, in particular monocarbide formers, with a corresponding carbon content and a chromium concentration in the matrix of more than 12.0% by weight.
  • a corrosion and wear resistant tool steel discloses the EP 1721999 , wherein contents of 6.0 to 11.0 vol .-% vanadium are provided in the alloy to form a high hard phase content. In this case, a tendency to form ferrite in the structure by cobalt concentrations of 1.5 to 5.0 % by weight is overcome.
  • Alloys in which no expensive chromium is to be lost by carbide formation discloses the DE 42 31 695 A1 and proposes to alloy a PM tool steel with 1 to 3.5 wt% nitrogen.
  • Nitrogen for hard phase formation becomes an advantageous measure for the production of wear resistant materials in the WO 2007/024 192 A1 proposed.
  • the invention has the object to provide a method for creating a material which has a high resistance to abrasion under abrasion stress.
  • this material in an alloy variant should also be resistant to chemical corrosion.
  • the object of the aforementioned invention is essentially achieved by a method for producing a wear-resistant material, wherein in a first step, a metallic, liquid alloy containing Nioblotantal (NbTa) with a concentration of 3.0 to 18.0 wt .-%, and a content of carbon and / or nitrogen, in which no primary precipitates of carbides and / or nitrides are formed above the atomization temperature or liquidus, is atomized to powder material, after which the powder is subjected to a process for increasing the carbon content and / or the nitrogen content and / or the oxygen content and subsequently subjected to a hot compacting, in particular a hot isostatic pressing, or wherein the pressed body or HIP body is subjected to a hot deformation or a heat treatment.
  • the powder is mixed with elemental carbon and / or treated in a carbon and nitrogen-releasing atmosphere optionally at elevated temperature and subsequently compacted to produce wear-resistant materials .
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention for the production of wear-resistant materials consist essentially in the fact that due to the niobium / tantalum concentration of 3.0 to 18.0 wt .-% and increasing the carbon content to 0.3 to 3.0 wt .-% and the nitrogen content to 0.05 bis 4.0 wt .-% high-hardness niobium and / or tantalum monocarbides, Mononitride or Monokarbonitride be achieved in a homogeneous distribution with a small diameter and such a high abrasion resistance is achieved.
  • the oxygen content of 0.002 to 0.25 in the material acts on the one hand as a formation nucleus for the hard phase with respect to hard particles with specific, small size in a homogeneous distribution in the matrix and on the other hand as a separate hard material former.
  • the hard material particles have a diameter of at most 50 microns, because at larger phases, the risk of breaking them out of the matrix is increased dramatically. Smaller diameters than 0.2 ⁇ m of the hard phases provide only a slight, abrasion-reducing effect.
  • the matrix of the wear-resistant alloy has a martensitic microstructure, then the material itself has an increased abrasion-reducing hardness, minimizing as far as possible the risk of breaking hard phases out of the structure during wear.
  • compositions for a material with high resistance to abrasion with Abrasionsbe carriedung and with high corrosion resistance containing, in wt .-% Carbon (C) 0.5 to 2.5 Nitrogen (N) 0.15 to 0.6 Silicon (Si) 0.2 to 1.5 Manganese (Mn) 0.3 to 2.0 Chrome (Cr) 10.0 to 20.0 Niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) 3.0 to 15.0 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.5 to 3.0 Vanadium (V) 0.1 to 1.0 Titanium (Ti) 0.001 to 1.0 Iron (Fe) rest and production-related impurities, with a structure consisting of a metal matrix and embedded in these hard phases, with the proviso that the hard phases are formed as carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or Oxikarbonitrife and have a diameter of at most 50 microns and at least 0.2 microns, with The proviso that the relationship
  • the concentrations of the alloying metals are coordinated in this material with respect to the carbon activity and the carbide formation kinetics of the respective elements, the contents of the monocarbide formers being decisive for the intended carbon concentration.
  • Nitrogen is limited with a content of 0.6 wt .-% to the top, because in the given case, the hard phases should be designed mainly as carbides. Below 0.15 wt.% Nitrogen, the solidification effect of the matrix is too low, so that the content limits in wt.% Are 0.15 to 0.6 nitrogen.
  • Silicon acts as a deoxidation metal and influences the microstructural transformation of the alloy during the heat treatment.
  • a minimum content of 0.2% by weight of Si is important in terms of effective oxide formation, whereas higher contents than 1.5% by weight adversely affect toughness.
  • a manganese content of 0.3% by weight or more is intended for setting sulfur in the metal, with more than 2.0% by weight of Mn promoting disadvantageous austenite stability.
  • Chromium and molybdenum provide corrosion resistance of the alloy at minimum concentrations of 10.0 and 0.5 wt%, but may also be effective as carbide formers. Higher contents than 20.0% by weight of Cr and 3.0% by weight of Mo disadvantageously lead to a stabilization of ferrite in a heat treatment.
  • Vanadium and titanium should not exceed contents of 1.0 wt .-%, because carbides of these elements to a large extent dissolve Cr or incorporate into the crystal lattice, which can cause depletion of Cr in the edge region of the matrix.
  • the elements niobium and tantalum are elements that form in the alloy from a content of 3.0 wt .-% hard, the wear resistance of the material promoting monocarbides. It is important that these elements Nb / Ta show only a slight tendency to incorporate further elements, in particular chromium, in the carbide or carbonitride formation in the crystal lattice, so that in the vicinity of these hard phases no depletion of the matrix of alloy components, especially of chromium and Molybdenum, and thus no adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the material is formed.
  • a low wear and a high corrosion resistance of the material is achieved, which contains material in wt .-% Carbon (C) more than 0.3 to 1.0 Nitrogen (N) 1.0 to 4.0 Silicon (Si) 0.2 to 1.5 Manganese (Mn) 0.3 to 1.5 Chrome (Cr) 10.0 to 20.0 Niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) 3.0 to 15.0 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.5 to 3.0 Vanadin (V) 0.1 to 1.0 Titanium (Ti) 0.001 to 1.0 Iron (Fe) rest and production-related impurities, with a structure consisting of a metal matrix and embedded in it Hard phases, with the proviso that the hard phases as carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or Oxikarbonitride are formed and have a maximum diameter of 50 microns and at least 0.2 microns, with the proviso that
  • the high nitrogen content of 1.0 to 4.0 wt .-% at carbon concentrations of 0.3 to 1.0 wt .-% leads to substantially nitrides formed hard phases, whereby the chromium and molybdenum induced passive layer formation and corrosion resistance are promoted.
  • a material produced by a method mentioned above can be provided cheaply and economically, which in wt .-% Carbon (C) 0.5 to 3.0 Nitrogen (N) 0.15 to 0.6 Silicon (Si) 0.2 to 1.5 Manganese (Mn) 0.3 to 2.0 Chrome (Cr) 10.0 to 20.0 Niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) 3.0 to 15.0 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.5 to 3.0 Vanadin (V) 0.1 to 1.0 Titanium (Ti) 0.001 to 1.0 Iron (Fe) rest with manufacturing-related impurities, with a structure consisting of a metal matrix and embedded in these hard phases, with the proviso that the hard phases are formed as carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or Oxikarbonitride and a diameter of at most 50 micro
  • the alloy may have the following composition and ratios of the elements in% by weight with lowered chromium contents Carbon (C) 1.0 to 3.5 Nitrogen (N) 0.05 to 0.4 Silicon (Si) 0.2 to 1.5 Manganese (Mn) 0.3 to 1.0 Chrome (Cr) 2.5 to 6.0 Niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) 3.0 to 18.0 Molybdenum (Mo) 2.0 to 10.0 Tungsten (W) 0.1 to 12.0 Vanadin (V) 0.1 to 3.0 Cobalt (Co) 0.1 to 12.0 Iron (Fe) rest with production-related impurities, with a microstructure consisting of a metal matrix and embedded in these hard phases, with the proviso that the hard phases are formed as carbides and / or nitrides and / or carbonitrides and / or Oxkarbonitride
  • the highly wear-resistant tool material which is based on a type of high-speed steel alloy, can be easily tempered to high hardness values and has outstanding toughness despite its high hardness. Particularly pronounced is the wear resistance of the cutting tools formed from this alloy, which Tools thus have a particularly long service life in rough and interrupted cut.
  • the inventive method of the type mentioned is determined such that in a first step, a metallic liquid alloy containing niobium / tantalum (Nb / Ta) with a concentration of 3.0 to 18.0 wt .-%, and a content of carbon and / or Nitrogen, in which no primary precipitates of carbides and / or nitrides are formed above the atomization temperature or liquidus temperature, is atomized to powder material, after which the powder subjected to a process for increasing the carbon content and / or the nitrogen content and / or the oxygen content and then a hot compacting , in particular a hot isostatic pressing, wherein the pressed body or HIP body is alternatively subjected to a hot working and / or a heat treatment.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that materials with a high carbide-nitride or carbonitride hard material content can be produced, the hard-material particles having small diameters and homogeneous distribution in the matrix.
  • the matrix elements can by a thermal tempering or by hardening and tempering of the material impart this high strength and prevent stripping or breaking the larger, optimized hard particles as far as possible. As a result, a particularly pronounced wear resistance of the material is achieved.
  • a carburizing and / or an increase in the nitrogen content in adjusting the oxygen content of the pre-alloyed metal powder according to the invention by admixed, elemental carbon and / or by a carbon and / or nitrogen and / or oxygen-releasing atmosphere, in particular at elevated temperature before or at a Hot compaction done.
  • other hard material particles having a size of from 2 to 50 .mu.m can be admixed to the powder material to an extent of up to 25% by volume, which are consequently effective in reducing the wear on the given material.
  • Tab. 1 on page 11 shows the composition of two commercially available, wear-resistant alloys with the designations X190 CrVMo 20 4 1, X90 CrVMo 18 1 1, corrosion-resistant, inventive alloys with the designations A, B, C, and of cutting materials according to the invention with the designations D, E, F.
  • the commercial alloys were produced by the PM method with a deformation of the HIP block ( H schreib- I sostatisch-ge p resst) greater than 6-fold.
  • Powders for the samples designated A, B, C were made from alloys having the following main components in wt%: description Si Mn Cr Not a word V W Nb Co Fe A 12:43 12:42 11.92 2.21 12:08 12:07 9:02 12:08 rest B 12:51 12:44 16:41 2.19 12:09 12:07 9:56 12:05 rest C 12:43 12:42 11.92 2.21 12:05 12:06 9:02 12:08 rest produced by atomizing by means of nitrogen gas.
  • Atomization with nitrogen was further carried out using melts designated D, E, F with the main constituents in% by weight: description Si Mn Cr Not a word V W Nb Co Fe D 0.3 0.4 4.15 2.94 1:52 2.13 3:34 12:12 rest e 12:28 12:35 3.95 2.84 1:47 2.23 3:45 8.21 rest F 12:37 12:33 3:58 4.1 1.84 5:07 10.73 7:07 rest
  • the alloyed metal powder was then placed under nitrogen atmosphere in steel containers and knock compacted, followed by welding of the containers and hot isostatic pressing at a temperature of 1165 ° C.
  • Tab. 1 shows the chemical composition of known materials (X190 CrVMo 20 4 1 and X90 CrMoV 18 1 1) and those of steel samples according to the invention
  • the corrosion behavior of the alloys was determined from current density potential curves on the samples according to ASTM G65 in 1N H 2 SO 4 , 20 ° C, with a quenching of the same from 1100 ° C and 1070 ° C and a tempering at 200 ° C. ,
  • Fig. 1 shows, in the relevant potential range of about -300mV to + 300mV, the comparative alloy X190 CrVMo 20 4 1 essentially the highest passive current density in comparison with the inventively assembled samples A, B, C, which reveals their improved corrosion behavior.
  • Fig. 2 shows the hardness of the differently composite alloys after curing, depending on the tempering temperature after two times Tempering.
  • the respective hardening temperature can be taken from the designation field for the alloys.
  • the materials A and C of the alloy according to the invention on a comparatively low tempering hardness, because their respective carbon content of improved corrosion resistance due to (see Fig.1 ) was chosen low.
  • alloys D, E and F are significantly higher in the range of tempering temperatures between 500 and 600 ° C, which discloses a clear superiority of the same for use of, for example, cutting and forming elements.
  • Fig. 3 shows the wear behavior of the samples made from the alloys, determined according to the VDI progress reports " Nitrogen-alloyed tool steels ", Series 5, No. 188 (1990), p. 129 described pin-disk test with Flint 80 grit. The hardnesses of the samples are above the respective bars in Fig. 3 specified. Both the corrosion resistant alloy B and the alloys E and F according to the invention show superior resistance to wear, indicating a correspondingly favorable choice of carbon and niobium contents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau résistant à l'usure, dans lequel, dans une première étape, on pulvérise pour obtenir un matériau en poudre un alliage métallique liquide contenant du niobium/tantale (Nb/Ta) à une concentration de 3,0 à 18,0 % en poids, et contenant aussi du carbone et/ou de l'azote, alliage dans lequel aucun précipité primaire ne se forme sur les carbures et/ou les nitrures au-delà de la température d'atomisation ou de la température du liquidus, ce après quoi la poudre est soumise à un procédé pour l'augmentation de la teneur en carbone et/ou de la teneur en azote et/ou de la teneur en oxygène, puis est soumise à un compactage à chaud, en particulier à une compression isostatique à chaud, ou dans lequel l'ébauche, ou le corps HIP, est soumis à une déformation à chaud ou à un traitement thermique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 pour la fabrication de matériaux résistants à l'usure, dans lequel la poudre est mélangée à du carbone élémentaire et/ou est traitée dans une atmosphère qui cède du carbone et de l'azote, éventuellement à une température élevée, puis est compactée.
  3. Matériau résistant à l'usure ayant une grande résistance à la corrosion, fabriqué par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, contenant, en % en poids : carbone (C) 0,5 à 2,5 azote (N) 0,15 à 0,6 oxygène (0) > 0,002 à 0,25 silicium (Si) 0,2 à 1,5 manganèse (Mn) 0,3 à 2,0 chrome (Cr) 10,0 à 20,0 niobium/tantale (Nb/Ta) 3,0 à 15,0 molybdène (Mo) 0,5 à 3,0 vanadium (V) 0,1 à 1,0 titane (Ti) 0,001 à 1,0 fer (Fe) le reste
    et les impuretés dues au mode de fabrication,
    présentant une structure constituée d'une matrice métallique et de phases dures incorporées dans cette dernière, à la condition que les phases dures soient formées sous forme de carbures et/ou de nitrures et/ou de carbonitrures et/ou d'oxydes-carbonitrures, et présentent un diamètre d'au plus 50 µm et d'au moins 0,2 µm, à la condition que la relation entre la teneur en carbone et la concentration en niobium/tantale, ainsi qu'en vanadium et titane, corresponde à une valeur formée par % C = 0.3 + % Nb + 2 × % V + % Ti U
    Figure imgb0013
    dans laquelle le nombre U est supérieur à 6, mais inférieur à 10.
  4. Matériau résistant à l'usure ayant une grande résistance à la corrosion, fabriqué par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, contenant, en % en poids : carbone (C) > 0,3 à 1,0 azote (N) 1,0 à 4,0 oxygène (0) > 0,002 à 0,25 silicium (Si) 0,2 à 1,5 manganèse (Mn) 0,3 à 1,5 chrome (Cr) 10,0 à 20,0 niobium/tantale (Nb/Ta) 3,0 à 15,0 molybdène (Mo) 0,5 à 3,0 vanadium (V) 0,1 à 1,0 titane (Ti) 0,001 à 1,0 fer (Fe) le reste
    et les impuretés dues au mode de fabrication,
    présentant une structure constituée d'une matrice métallique et de phases dures incorporées dans cette dernière, à la condition que les phases dures soient formées sous forme de carbures et/ou de nitrures et/ou de carbonitrures et/ou d'oxydes-carbonitrures, et présentent un diamètre d'au plus 50 µm et d'au moins 0,2 µm, à la condition que la relation entre la teneur en azote et la concentration du niobium, ainsi que du vanadium, corresponde à une valeur formée par % N = 0.3 + % Nb + 2 × % V + % Ti U ⁢ 1
    Figure imgb0014
    le nombre U1 étant supérieur à 4, mais inférieur à 8.
  5. Matériau résistant à l'usure et ayant une grande résistance à la corrosion, fabriqué par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, contenant, en % en poids : carbone (C) 0,5 à 3,0 azote (N) 0,15 à 0,6 oxygène (0) > 0,002 à 0,25 silicium (Si) 0,2 à 1,5 manganèse (Mn) 0,3 à 2,0 chrome (Cr) 10,0 à 20,0 niobium/tantale (Nb/Ta) 3,0 à 15,0 molybdène (Mo) 0,5 à 3,0 vanadium (V) 0,1 à 1,0 titane (Ti) 0,001 à 1,0 fer (Fe) le reste
    et les impuretés dues au mode de fabrication,
    présentant une structure constituée d'une matrice métallique et de phases dures incorporées dans cette dernière, à la condition que les phases dures soient formées sous forme de carbures et/ou de nitrures et/ou de carbonitrures et/ou d'oxydes-carbonitrures, et présentent un diamètre d'au plus 50 µm et d'au moins 0,2 µm, à la condition que la relation entre la teneur en carbone et la concentration du niobium, du vanadium, du titane et du chrome, corresponde à une valeur formée par % C = 0.3 + % Nb + 2 × % V + % Ti U ⁢ 2 + Cr U ⁢ 3
    Figure imgb0015
    la valeur numérique U2 étant supérieure à 6, mais inférieure à 10, et la valeur numérique U3 étant supérieure à 9, mais inférieure à 17.
  6. Matériau résistant à l'usure ayant une grande dureté à chaud et une grande ténacité, en particulier pour outils travaillant par enlèvement de copeaux, fabriqué par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, contenant, en % en poids : carbone (C) 1,0 à 3,5 azote (N) 0, 05 à 0,4 oxygène (0) > 0,002 à 0,25 silicium (Si) 0,2 à 1,5 manganèse (Mn) 0,3 à 1,0 chrome (Cr) 2,5 à 6,0 niobium/tantale (Nb/Ta) 3,0 à 18,0 molybdène (Mo) 2,0 à 10,0 tungstène (W) 0,1 à 12,0 vanadium (V) 0,1 à 3,0 cobalt (Co) 0,1 à 12,0 fer (Fe) le reste
    et les impuretés dues au mode de fabrication,
    présentant une structure constituée d'une matrice métallique et de phases dures incorporées dans cette dernière, à la condition que les phases dures soient formées sous forme de carbures et/ou de nitrures et/ou de carbonitrures et/ou d'oxydes-carbonitrures, et présentent un diamètre d'au plus 50 µm et d'au moins 0,2 µm, à la condition que la relation entre la teneur en carbone et la concentration du niobium/tantale, ainsi que du vanadium et du titane, corresponde à une valeur formée par % C = 0.6 + % NB + 2 × % V + % Ti U ⁢ 4 + 2 × % Mo + % W U ⁢ 5
    Figure imgb0016
    où la valeur numérique U4 est de 6 à 10 et celle de U5 est de 80 à 100.
  7. Matériau résistant à l'usure selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, dans lequel la matrice présente une structure martensitique.
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